Non Institutional Correction-1
Non Institutional Correction-1
Non Institutional Correction-1
A. Its Concepts
Community based corrections include all correctional activities that take
place in the community. Community based Correctional program embrace any
activity in the community directly addressed to the offender and aimed at
helping him to become a law abiding citizen. Such a program maybe under
official of private auspices. It may be administered by correctional agency
directly or by non-correctional service. It may be provided on direct referral
from a correctional agency or on referral from another element of the criminal
justice system such as the police or courts. It may call changing the offender
through some combination of services, for controlling him by surveillance, or
for reintegrating him into the community by placing him in a social situation
in which he can satisfy his requirements without law violations. A communitybased program embrace system or any combination of these process.
Community-based Corrections would be a better substitute for the
traditional institutional corrections. Researches have shown that no form of
treatment or combinations of treatments have proven effective in reducing the
repetition of the crime and delinquency or imprisonment, even under the best
possible condition, is debilitating and self-defeating, because of the nature
of compulsory confinement to discourage intimacy suppress the expression of
aggression, and prevent the assumption of responsibility; and the stigma of
imprisonment, a persistent disqualifying mark for prisoners after release.
Moreover, the occurrence of prison violence, whether sexual or non sexual
assaults; and economic, psychological and social victimization helped to
support the conclusion that there must be a better way of correcting criminals.
The community is the only place in which the correctional process can be
successfully completed. Just as the community provided the original setting for
the crime, so it must provide the ultimate testing ground for the
rehabilitation process. It view of this, all the resources of the community
need to be mobilized to help offenders restore family ties, obtain employment
and education and discover their place in society. The institution should be
the last resort for correctional problems.
B. Three Revolutions in the History of Corrections
1. Age of Reformation replace corporal punishment, exile, and physical
disfigurement with the penitentiary.
2. Age or Rehabilitation assumed that criminals were handicapped persons
suffering from mental or emotional deficiencies. Under this, individual
therapy aimed at healing these personal maladjustment, because the
preferred style.
3. Age of Reintegration society become the patient as well as the
offender. Much more emphasis is placed on the pressures exerted on the
offender by the social groups to which he belongs and on the society
which regulates his opportunities to achieve his goals.
C. DIVERSION
This is a formally acknowledged and organized effort to utilized alternative
to initial or continued processing into the justice system. In terms of
processing, diversion implies halting or suspending formal criminal proceeding
against a person who has violated a statute, in favor of processing through a
non-criminal disposition or means. Diversionary tactics are aimed at keeping
people out of the criminal justice system and particularly out of its
institutional components.
ORIGIN OF DIVERSION
Informal Diversion has occurred since the birth of the criminal justice
system, but with only unofficial recognition. The wide exercise of discretion by
police officers, particularly in the diversionary handling of juveniles, is a
case in points. In fact, informal diversion occurs at every stage of the criminal