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    Neolithic Architecture: and - Lintel and Corbelling

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    Sagar Arora
    In the Neolithic period, the first formal architecture appeared in the form of temples. Basic architectural structures included post-and-lintel designs and corbelled arches. Megalithic architecture involved constructing tombs and ceremonial structures out of large stones, as seen at sites like Stonehenge. Stonehenge was built beginning around 2900 BCE using sarsen stones, bluestones, and trilithons arranged in circles and horseshoes. Its precise astronomical alignments suggest it was used as an observatory and celestial calendar to mark solar and lunar events.

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    Neolithic Architecture: and - Lintel and Corbelling

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    Sagar Arora
    223 views3 pages
    In the Neolithic period, the first formal architecture appeared in the form of temples. Basic architectural structures included post-and-lintel designs and corbelled arches. Megalithic architecture involved constructing tombs and ceremonial structures out of large stones, as seen at sites like Stonehenge. Stonehenge was built beginning around 2900 BCE using sarsen stones, bluestones, and trilithons arranged in circles and horseshoes. Its precise astronomical alignments suggest it was used as an observatory and celestial calendar to mark solar and lunar events.

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    architecture style- neolithic

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    Neolithic Architecture

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    In the Neolithic period, the first formal architecture appeared in the form of temples. Basic architectural structures included post-and-lintel designs and corbelled arches. Megalithic architecture involved constructing tombs and ceremonial structures out of large stones, as seen at sites like Stonehenge. Stonehenge was built beginning around 2900 BCE using sarsen stones, bluestones, and trilithons arranged in circles and horseshoes. Its precise astronomical alignments suggest it was used as an observatory and celestial calendar to mark solar and lunar events.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    223 views3 pages

    Neolithic Architecture: and - Lintel and Corbelling

    Uploaded by

    Sagar Arora
    In the Neolithic period, the first formal architecture appeared in the form of temples. Basic architectural structures included post-and-lintel designs and corbelled arches. Megalithic architecture involved constructing tombs and ceremonial structures out of large stones, as seen at sites like Stonehenge. Stonehenge was built beginning around 2900 BCE using sarsen stones, bluestones, and trilithons arranged in circles and horseshoes. Its precise astronomical alignments suggest it was used as an observatory and celestial calendar to mark solar and lunar events.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3
    At a glance
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    Neolithic people began constructing formal architecture like temples. Stonehenge was used as an astronomical observatory and ceremonial site.

    Post-and-lintel and corbelling. A post-and-lintel uses two upright posts supporting a horizontal beam. Corbelling uses cantilevered stones stacked inward.

    The sarsen circle and the horseshoe of trilithons. The sarsens weigh 20-30 tons each and were topped with continuous lintels. The trilithons form a freestanding horseshoe shape.

    Neolithic

    Architecture

    Neolithic Architecture
    In the Neolithic Period we find the first formal architecture. Formal architecture is
    planned and predesigned. The structures were usually public or shared by members
    of a group. The design of a structure expressed the aesthetic, social and religious
    values of the society. The first formal structures of the Neolithic period appear to be
    temples.

    Architectural Structures
    Some basic designs for archways and roofs that date from the Neolithic era are post-
    and-lintel and corbelling.
    A basic post and lintel consists of two upright
    posts or pillars supporting a horizontal beam,
    or lintel, across the top. The width of a lintel is
    limited by its tensile strength. Tensile strength
    measures the point at which the lintel will
    break under its own weight or from the weight
    placed upon it.
    A corbelled arch is created with cantilevered
    stones. Cantilevered stones are supported only
    at one end. Each new row of stone extends
    farther toward the center of the opening than
    the row below it. It does not collapse because
    the greater part of each stone is supported.


    Post and Lintel Corbelled Arch

    Megalithic Architecture
    In the Neolithic era tombs and ceremonial structures were constructed from large
    stones. This is known a megalithic architecture, from the Greek words mega for
    large and lithos for stone.

    Stonehenge
    Stonehenge is located in the Salisbury Plane in
    southern England. The earliest configuration
    was built in about 2900 BCE. It was rebuilt and
    restructured over the centuries to include rings
    and horseshoes of stones, postholes and
    ditches.
    In the earliest phase, the site is marked by
    Aubrey holes, named for John Aubrey, the
    English antiquarian who discovered them. The
    Aubrey holes are significant because they form
    a celestial calendar.

    Completed Stonehenge (artist rendering)

    Neolithic Architecture

    The most remarkable stone settings are the sarsen circle and the horseshoe of
    trilithons.
    The sarsens are sandstone and weigh 20 to 30 tons
    each. They were originally topped with a continuous
    circle of lintels, fitted together with mortise and tenon
    joints.
    The trilithons are freestanding post and lintel
    structures arranged in a horseshoe.
    Amid the arrangements sarsens and the trilithons are
    a circle and an oval of bluestones. The bluestones may
    have been transported from the Preseli Hills in Wales,
    about 200 miles from Stonehenge.
    Included within Stonehenge are the Slaughter Stone,
    the Alter Stone and the Heel Stone. The Heel Stone
    marks the rising sun on the summer solsticethe
    longest day of the year. This suggests that the primary
    use of Stonehenge was as an observatory and celestial
    calendar. The positioning and spacing of Aubrey holes
    can be used to mark solar and lunar events and to
    predict eclipses.

    Part of the Sarsen Ring



    Mortise-tenon joints of sarsen stones


    Surely these occurrences were perceived to be mystical. We can assume that a
    variety of religious celebrations and rituals were practiced in connection with the
    observation and marking of solar and lunar events. The Slaughter Stone and the
    Altar Stone hint at the nature of these traditions.
    The great stones could have been transported and positioned using the technology
    known to Neolithic people. Using a variety of sledges, rollers and ramps, similarly
    large stones were maneuvered by the Neolithic people of Easter Island to erect their
    monolithic statues. These techniques were also used by the Egyptians to build the
    pyramids.

    Neolithic Architecture

    Terminology


    Formal architecture
    Megalith
    Aubrey holes
    Post and Lintel
    Tensile strength
    Corbelling
    Cantilever
    Trilithon
    Sarsen
    Mortise and tenon

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