Exam 1

OL1&2
GenII
GenIII
OL3
TVOs Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant in Finland
GenIII/III+ Nuclear Reactors

RESEARCH NEEDES AND CHALLENGES
FISA 2009, Prague
Contents
What are the GenIII features
Evolutionary development and improvements
Commercial GenIII power plant features
OL3 / EPR features
Needs and challenges for R&D

Areas of research for GenIII nuclear reactors
EU FP6 and 7 projects GenIII/III+
New challenges and needs for R&D and resources
2009-06-22
GENIII/III+
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COMMERCIAL
POWER REACTORS
EARLY
PROTOTYPES
NEW GENERATION
LWR- PLANTS + HTR
Economically more
competitive
evolution types
High efficiency
Long life time
Passive safety
Magnox (1956)
Shippingport (1957)
Dresden (1959)
RBMK (1963)
FBR (1963)
HTR (1966)
VVER-1000, ABWR
EPR
SWR-1000, AP-1000
ESBWR-1500
LWR: PWR and BWR

CANDU, AGR
50 MW
Generation I
1950
1960
In Finland:
1 300 MW
500 MW
Generation II
1970
GENERATION IV
1980
Very competitive
New application,
such as process heat
Enhanced/inherent safety
features
Reduced waste generation
Improved proliferation
resistance
(200) -1 600 MW
1 600 MW
Generation III
1990
2000
Commissioning
of present 4 units
(Loviisa & Olkiluoto)
2010
III+
2020
Olkiluoto3
commissioned
2009-06-22
GENIII/III+
Generation IV
2030
Decommissioning
of present plants
after 50-60 years
lifetime
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GenIII/III+ nuclear reactor features

A GenIII reactor incorporates evolutionary improvements in
design developed during the lifetime of the GenII reactor
designs:
improved fuel technology
superior thermal efficiency
passive safety systems and
standardized design for reduced maintenance and
capital costs.
Development will result in a longer operational life, 50 to 60
years compared to Gen II reactors with 20 to 30 years
(today extended +20 yrs to meet the needs before GenIII).
The first Gen III reactors were built in Japan, several others
have been approved for construction.
In Europe in Finland and France plant construction is
ongoing (Olkiluoto and Flamanville).
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Advanced Pressurized Water Reactors, 600 1 600 MWe:
AP 600, AP 1000, APR1400, APWR+, EPR
Advanced Boiling Water Reactors, 1 250 1 550 MWe:

ABWR II, ESBWR, HC-BWR, SWR-1000
The market prospects:

A large industrial offer: USA NRC 28 + China, India, South Korea 85 +
Europe 2 + XX = 110 new reactors by 2020.
The nuclear power capacity could grow from 400 GWe to 1000 - 1500
GWe by 2050.
Most of the new NPP will be Gen III systems.

IAEA energy technology roadmaps, Paris 08
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/analysis/nucenviss2.html
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EPR at Olkiluoto plant

May 2009
2009-06-22
GENIII/III+
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Main EPR Safety Features
Double containment with
ventilation and filtration
Melt core
cooling area
Containment heat
dispersion system
Four redundant
safety systems
Water reserves inside

the containment
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OL3 REACTOR MAIN DATA

Property
value
Property
value
Thermal output
4300 MW
Number of fuel
assemblies
241
Net electric
output
Approx.
1 600 MW
Amount of uranium
in reactor
128 tons
Operating
pressure
155 bar
Number of control
rods
89
Main steam
temperature
290C
Containment height
63 m
Pressure
vessel height
13 m
Containment
diameter
57 m
Reactor core
height
4,2 m
Containment wall
thickness
2m
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GenIII/III+ features and needs

=> R&D challenges
High safety/passive safety,
design for:
Reactor core melting

Jet aircrash
Extreme weather conditions
Securing digital
instrumentation and control
systems with an analogue
system (Finnish requirement)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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GENIII/III+
Severe accidents
Construction safety
Probabilistic safety/risk
analysis
Automation and control room
(development and use of
digital automation)
R&D support for building and
manufacturing industry to
meet the requirements
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EU SAFETY and SEVERE ACCIDENTS

projects in FP6 and FP7
SARnet NoE - Sustainable
integration of European
Research on Severe
Accident Methodology and
Management
FP7, NUclear Reactor

Integrated Project = NURISP
SARNET 2 - > 2009

NURESIM - European
Platform for Nuclear Reactor
Simulations: Numerical
simulation tools for coupled thermal
hydraulics and reactor physics
problems
2009-06-22
GENIII/III+
More accurate physics,

multiscale and multiphysics,
S&U, integration and fuel
performance as a new field.
Application to LWR (Gen-II and
Gen-III): PWR, VVER, BWR
Links with other European
Projects : PERFORM, PRACE
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GenIII/III+ features and needs

=> R&D challenges
competitive
pre-competitive
New reactor designs:
Long life time, design for 60

yrs
High efficiency (EPR about 4 %

higher than present units)
High burn up (fuel & water

chemistry issues, core design)
New fuel and cladding types
High operability requirements
Improved predictability for

maintenance
Power uprating potential
1. Fuel and reactor physics

2. Thermal hydraulics
3. Structural safety of
reactor circuit and
4. Aging management
5. Probabilistic safety/risk
analysis
6. Asset management
2009-06-22
GENIII/III+
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EU PERFORM60 Multiscale modelling of

irradiation effects and embrittlement for 60
years reactor lifetime (FP7)
First stage: PERFECTPrediction of Irradiation
Damage Effects on
Reactor Components
Core Partners: AREVA
NP GmbH, CEA
(SRMP), CNRS (Lille,
LMPGM), EDF, NRI,
SCK-CEN, SERCO, VTT
6 M budget from EU
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GENIII/III+
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K JC [MPa m] (B 0=25 mm)
Cleavage fracture model development: FEM

simulation
350
REF 95 %
IRR
300
Effect of irradiation
on fracture
toughness
95 %
5%
250
200
5%
150
100
50
0
-100
-50
50
100
150
200
T [ C]
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EU NULIFE - Nuclear plant life prediction

FP6 NoE (Network of Excellence)
OBJECTIVE to create a single
organisation structure
capable of providing
harmonised R&D
at European level to all
nuclear stakeholders
in the area of lifetime
evaluation methods for
structural components.
NULIFE is a key instrument in
implementing LTO (long term
operation) related topics.
Schedule 2006 - 2011 / 5

years
Total budget over 8 M
EC funding 5 M
Strong link to SNE TP
11 Core contract members
and over 30 other members
VTT coordinator
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Beyond
5 years
2011
Major
milestones
2010
2009
2008
2007
NULIFE Institute
with customer-driven programme
Transition plan for

permanent entity
Creation of
Virtual Institute
Consolidation of
integration plan
Preparation of
business plan
Integration plan
Permanent management structure

Long term business plan
Acknowledged solution provider
Structure with permanent entity features

Joint use of facilities
Investment policy
Launching of new RTD projects
Development and application of procedures
and best practices
Business plan, Updated structure

Links with national programmes
Approaches to training, knowledge and comm.
Viable expert groups
Coherent structure
Communication methods
Past
Networking activities
Key integration indicators
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Challenges for R&D

New reactor technologies
Knowledge, data and tools for verification of reactor
performance and safety
Knowledge, data and tools for verification of new
components/manufacturing methods/material grades
From design to industrial manufacturing and supply.
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Challenges for R&D

Extended operation requirements
Tools and data for reactor performance analysis
Aging management:
Aging mechanisms of systems, structures and components
(understanding for LTO)
Multiscale modelling tools
Methods for aging monitoring.
Asset management:
Reliable and economic operation and maintenance
management for 60 yrs reactor life
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GENIII/III+
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Challenges for R&D

Relevant experimental and modelling tools:
Materials testing (active non active) for aging
mechanisms and tools for multiscale modelling
Simulating tests (component level) for life management
Tests and tools for fuel and cladding performances for

reactor operability
In-reactor tests and tools for reactor performance.
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Challenges for R&D

Resources
Training of engineers and scientists
Continuous development and verification of codes and
models
Up to date test reactor facilities and supporting
laboratories.
2009-06-22
GENIII/III+
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Thank You
2009-06-22
GENIII/III+
20
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OL1&2

GenIII/III+ Nuclear Reactors

Needs and challenges for R&D

LWR: PWR and BWR

GenIII/III+ nuclear reactor features

GenIII/III+ nuclear reactor features

Advanced Boiling Water Reactors, 1 250 1 550 MWe:

The market prospects:

Most of the new NPP will be Gen III systems.

GenIII/III+ nuclear reactor features

EPR at Olkiluoto plant

GenIII/III+ nuclear reactor features

Water reserves inside

OL3 REACTOR MAIN DATA

GenIII/III+ features and needs

Reactor core melting

EU SAFETY and SEVERE ACCIDENTS

FP7, NUclear Reactor

SARNET 2 - > 2009

More accurate physics,

GenIII/III+ features and needs

New reactor designs:

Long life time, design for 60

High efficiency (EPR about 4 %

High burn up (fuel & water

New fuel and cladding types

High operability requirements

Improved predictability for

Power uprating potential

1. Fuel and reactor physics

EU PERFORM60 Multiscale modelling of

K JC [MPa m] (B 0=25 mm)

Cleavage fracture model development: FEM

EU NULIFE - Nuclear plant life prediction

Schedule 2006 - 2011 / 5

Transition plan for

Permanent management structure

Structure with permanent entity features

Business plan, Updated structure

Key integration indicators

Challenges for R&D

Challenges for R&D

Methods for aging monitoring.

Challenges for R&D

Tests and tools for fuel and cladding performances for

Challenges for R&D

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