Incremental Conductance Technique For A Hybrid Wind - Solar Energy System

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064

Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
Incremental Conductance Technique for a Hybrid

Wind - Solar Energy System
T. Salma1, R. Yokeeswaran2
1
P. G Student [PSE], IEEE Member, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

V.S.B. Engineering College, Karur-639111, Tamilnadu, India
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

V.S.B. Engineering College, Karur-639111, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract: In recent years, wind and solar energy has become one of the most important and promising sources of renewable energy.
Wind energy demands additional transmission capacity and better means of maintaining system reliability. The variations of the
maximum power point with solar irradiance level and temperature and the nonlinear behavior of Photo Voltaic systems complicate the
tracking of the maximum power point. This paper proposes the maximization of the power output in a hybrid wind-energy system by the
Pitch control of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator based wind energy system and by controlling the reference voltage in solar energy
system by Incremental Conductance technique. The proposed method is highly efficient and can be implemented in real-time. This
system is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results prove the efficiency of this technique.
Keywords: MPPT, PV System, Wind turbine, Pitch angle, DFIG, INCCOND.
1. Introduction
3. MPPT Techniques
In recent years, there is increase in the fuel prices due to

which the renewable source of energy is gaining importance.
Solar as well as Wind energy has become the most
significant and promising sources of renewable energy.
These sources are combined to form a hybrid system as it
provides the non-polluting, safe energy.
Wind turbine system has the major MPPT techniques like

Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) control, Power Signal Feedback
(PSF) control, Hill climbing search (HCS) method. TSR,
defined as the ratio of turbine rotor tip speed to the wind
speed.
The technology development related to wind systems lead to

the development of a generation of variable speed wind
turbines like Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based
wind energy system which is advantageous when compared
with the fixed speed wind turbines.
TSR calculation requires the measured value of wind speed

and turbine speed data. Wind speed measurement increases
the system cost and also leads to practical difficulties.
The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques

increases the power output from PV system as well as
supports the lifetime of the system. The power obtained from
hybrid Wind-Solar energy systems depends on the power set
point traced by maximum power point tracking.
2. Overview
Figure 2: Block diagram of TSR control
The main objective is to implement the Incremental

Conductance Method in a Wind and Photo Voltaic energy
system (Hybrid system) for the purpose of Maximum Power
Point Tracking.
Power Signal Feedback (PSF) needs the details of maximum

power curve of the wind turbine and it is tracked by the
control mechanisms. For every wind turbine, this curve is
obtained from simulation or tests. This control method
increases cost of implementation and is difficult. Fig.2.
shows the logic for the power signal feedback control.
Figure 1: Block diagram of Hybrid System
Paper ID: 020131855
Volume 3 Issue 5, May 2014

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Figure 3: Block diagram of PSF control

Hill climbing search (HCS) method continuously searches
for the peak power of the wind turbine. It dynamically
modifies the speed command in accordance with the magnitude
and direction of change of active power in order to reach the
peak power point.
Figure 5: Block diagram of INCCOND for PV system

2.2 Pitch Control Using INCCOND
Figure 4: Block diagram of HCS control

Incremental Conductance Technique (INCCOND)
method searches for the peak power of the Hybrid system
individually. Thereby it modifies the reference voltage in
solar system and pitch in the wind system. It offers effective
solution under varying atmospheric conditions. The tracking
algorithm, depending upon the location of the operating
point computes the desired optimum signal in order to drive
the system to the point of maximum power.
Wind turbine consists of three blades, a servomotor, a

controller, rotor rotation sensor, a generator, and some
mechanical components. The blades are developed based on
NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics). A
Servomotor is used to control the pitch angle of the blade.
Fig. 5 shows a diagram block of pitch angle control of wind
turbine using INCCOND. The pitch angle of the blade is
controlled to maximize the rotational speed of wind turbine
and thus the output mechanical power of wind turbine. The
wind turbine mechanical power (P) is maximized.
2.1 INCCOND in Solar System

The incremental conductance (IncCond) method employs the
slope of the PV array power characteristics to track MPP.
This method is based on the fact that the slope of the PV
array power curve is zero at the MPP, positive for values of
output power smaller than MPP, and negative for values of
the output power greater than MPP. The slope of the PV
array power curve (dP/dV) or (I/V)
zero at the MPP
(dP/dV = 0) or (I/V = - I/V)
positive for values of the output power smaller than MPP
(dP/dV > 0) or (I/V > - I/V)
negative for values of the output power greater than MPP
(dP/dV < 0) or (I/ V < -I/V)
The MPP can thus be tracked by comparing the
instantaneous conductance (I/V) to the incremental
conductance (I/V).
Figure 6: Pitch angle control

To maximize the wind turbine mechanical power, the power
coefficient of the wind turbine is optimized by controlling
the pitch angle of the blade. Pitch angle () is the angle
between the direction of wind and the direction
perpendicular to the plane of blades. The wind turbine
mechanical power (P) can be expressed as
P=1/2airAv3CP ( , )
Where, air - air density
A - area swept by the blades
v - wind speed velocity
CP( , ) - coefficient of the wind turbine with the tip speed
ratio of and blade pitch angle of .
4. Doubly Fed Induction Generator

The studied system here is a variable speed wind generation
system based on Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG).
The DFIG technology allows extracting maximum energy
Paper ID: 020131855

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613

from the wind for low wind speeds by optimizing the turbine
speed, while minimizing mechanical stresses on the turbine
during gusts of wind. The stator of the generator is directly
connected to the grid while the rotor is connected through a
back-to-back converter.
is zero degree. Then the pitch angle is increased from 0 deg

in order to limit the mechanical power.
The AC/DC/AC converter is basically a PWM converter

which uses sinusoidal PWM technique to reduce the
harmonics present in the wind turbine driven DFIG system.
Here Crotor is rotor side converter and Cgrid is grid side
converter, Where Vr is the rotor voltage and Vgc is grid side
voltage. To control the speed of wind turbine gear boxes or
electronic control can be used.
Power flow of the rotor is bidirectional. When r >s, the
power flows from the rotor to the power grid and
when r <s, the rotor absorbs the energy from the power
grid.
Figure 8: Simulated Output Voltage Waveform

(INCCOND)
Figure 9: Simulated Output Current Waveform

(INCCOND)
Figure7: Power flow of DFIG

Power electronic converters between the rotor and grid
adjust the frequency and amplitude of the rotor voltage. The
control of the rotor voltage allows the system to operate at a
variable-speed while still producing constant frequency
electricity.
Where, r is the rotor rotational speed.
s is the synchronous speed.
5. Simulation
A 9 MW wind farm consist of six 1.5 MW wind turbines is
connected to a 25 kV distribution system. The effect of
change in wind speed and change in supply frequency are
also taken into consideration for the performance analysis of
DFIG. The PV array is connected to the grid through the
SEPIC converter. The change in irradiation and temperature
is also considered. The wind turbine with pitch controlled by
ICCOND for variable low rated wind speed and reference
voltage with which the solar array operates also controlled
by INCCOND is developed and demonstrated. The
performance analysis is done using simulated results
obtained from scope, which are found using MATLAB
software.
Figure 10: Simulated Output Power Waveform

(INCCOND)
The wind turbine with pitch control for variable low
rated wind speed has been developed and demonstrated.
The use of pitch control can improve mechanical power
response performance of wind turbine compared to the
use of a fixed pitch angle or without control.
6. Simulation Results
The voltage, current and the power produced in a hybrid
system is shown below. The pitch angle of the turbine blades
Paper ID: 020131855
Figure 11: Simulated Output waveform for Pitch Angle

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614

With the INCCOND approach, it shows the fine tuning and
the values range around 1 degree. It improve mechanical
power response performance of wind turbine compared
to the use of a fixed pitch angle or without control.
7. Conclusion
Incremental Conductance technique offers effective solution
under rapidly changing atmospheric solutions in a PV
system. INCCOND tracks the MPP rapidly and does not
oscillate around the MPP. The INCCOND proves the
effectiveness in providing the optimum pitch, such that the
maximum power is tracked.
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International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

ISSN (Online): 2319-7064