RN 34

MATLAB Coder Release Notes
How to Contact MathWorks

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www.mathworks.com/support/contact_us
Phone:
508-647-7000
The MathWorks, Inc.

3 Apple Hill Drive
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MATLAB Coder Release Notes
COPYRIGHT 20112015 by The MathWorks, Inc.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. The software may be used
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Patents
MathWorks products are protected by one or more U.S. patents. Please see
www.mathworks.com/patents for more information.
Check Bug Reports for Issues and Fixes

Software is inherently complex and is not free of errors. The output of a code generator
might contain bugs, some of which are not detected by a compiler. MathWorks
reports critical known bugs brought to its attention on its Bug Report system at
www.mathworks.com/support/bugreports/. Use the Saved Searches and Watched Bugs
tool with the search phrase "Incorrect Code Generation" to obtain a report of known bugs
that produce code that might compile and execute, but still produce wrong answers.
The bug reports are an integral part of the documentation for each release. Examine
periodically all bug reports for a release, as such reports may identify inconsistencies
between the actual behavior of a release you are using and the behavior described in this
documentation.
In addition to reviewing bug reports, you should implement a verification and validation
strategy to identify potential bugs in your design, code, and tools.
Contents
R2015a
Improved MATLAB Coder app with integrated editor and
simplified workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-2
Generation of example C/C++ main for integration of

generated code into an application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-3
Better preservation of MATLAB variable names in generated

code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-4
More efficient generated code for logical indexing . . . . . . . .
1-4
Code generation for additional Image Processing Toolbox

and Computer Vision System Toolbox functions . . . . . . . .
Image Processing Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer Vision System Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-5
1-5
1-5
Code generation for additional Communications System

Toolbox, DSP System Toolbox, and Phased Array System
Toolbox System objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Communications System Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DSP System Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Phased Array System Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-6
1-6
1-6
1-6
Code generation for additional Statistics and Machine

Learning Toolbox functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-7
Code generation for additional MATLAB functions . . . . . . .

Linear Algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statistics in MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-7
1-7
1-7
Code generation for additional MATLAB function options .
1-7
vi
Contents
Conversion from project to MATLAB script using MATLAB

Coder app . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-8
Improved recognition of compile-time constants . . . . . . . . .
1-8
Improved emxArray interface function generation . . . . . . . .

emxArray interface functions for variable-size arrays that
external C/C++ functions use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functions to initialize output emxArrays and emxArrays in
structure outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
External definition of a structure that contains emxArrays .
1-9
1-9
1-10
Code generation for casts to and from types of variables

declared using coder.opaque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-10
Generation of reentrant code without an Embedded Coder

license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-12
Code generation for parfor-loops with stack overflow . . . .
1-12
Change in default value of the PassStructByReference code

configuration object property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-12
Change in GLOBALS variable in scripts generated from a

project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-13
Target build log display for command-line code generation

when hyperlinks disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-13
Removal of instrumented MEX output type . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-14
Fixed-point conversion enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Support for multiple entry-point functions . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support for global variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Code coverage-based translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Generated fixed-point code enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automated fixed-point conversion of additional DSP System
Toolbox objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New interpolation method for generating lookup table MATLAB
function replacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-14
1-14
1-14
1-14
1-14
Check bug reports for issues and fixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-16
1-9
1-15
1-15
R2014b
2-2
2-2
2-2
Code generation for additional Communications System

Toolbox and DSP System Toolbox functions and System
objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-2
2-2
2-2
Code generation for enumerated types based on built-in

MATLAB integer types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-3
Code generation for function handles in structures . . . . . . .
2-4
Change in enumerated type value names in generated

code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-4
Code generation for ode23 and ode45 ordinary differential

equation solvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-5
Code generation for additional MATLAB functions . . . . . . .

Data and File Management in MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Linear Algebra in MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
String Functions in MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-5
2-5
2-6
2-6
Code generation for additional MATLAB function options .
2-6
Collapsed list for inherited properties in code generation

report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-6
Change in length of exported identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-6
Intel Performance Primitives (IPP) platform-specific

code replacement libraries for cross-platform code
generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-7
vii
Fixed-point conversion enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Conversion from project to MATLAB scripts for command-line
fixed-point conversion and code generation . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lookup table approximations for unsupported functions . . . .
Enhanced plotting capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automated fixed-point conversion for commonly used System
objects in MATLAB including Biquad Filter, FIR Filter, and
Rate converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional fixed-point conversion command-line options . . .
Type proposal report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Highlighting of potential data type issues in generated HTML
report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-14
R2014a
viii
Contents

3-2
3-2
3-2
Code generation for additional Signal Processing Toolbox,

Communications System Toolbox, and DSP System Toolbox
functions and System objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Signal Processing Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-2
3-2
3-3
3-3
Code generation for fminsearch optimization function and

additional interpolation functions in MATLAB . . . . . . . . .
Optimization Functions in MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interpolation and Computational Geometry in MATLAB . . . .
3-3
3-3
3-3
Conversion from project to MATLAB script for command-line

code generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-4
Code generation for fread function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-4
Automatic C/C++ compiler setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-4
Compile-time declaration of constant global variables . . . . .
3-4
Enhanced code generation support for switch statements .
3-5
Code generation support for value classes with set.prop

methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-5
Code generation error for property that uses AbortSet

attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-6
Independent configuration selections for standard math and

code replacement libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-6
Restrictions on bit length for integer types in a

coder.HardwareImplementation object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-9
Change in location of interface files in code generation

report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-9
Compiler warnings in code generation report . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-9
Removal of date and time comment from generated code

files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-9
Removal of two's complement guard from rtwtypes.h . . . .
3-9
Removal of TRUE and FALSE from rtwtypes.h . . . . . . . . . . .
3-10
Change to default names for structure types generated from

entry-point function inputs and outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-10
Toolbox functions supported for code generation . . . . . . . .
3-11
Fixed-point conversion enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Overflow detection with scaled double data types in MATLAB
Coder projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support for MATLAB classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed-point report for float-to-fixed conversion . . . . . . . . . .
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-14
3-15
ix
R2013b
Contents
Code generation for Statistics Toolbox and Phased Array

System Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-2
Toolbox functions supported for code generation . . . . . . . . .
4-2
parfor function for standalone code generation, enabling

execution on multiple cores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-3
Persistent variables in parfor-loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-3
Random number generator functions in parfor-loops . . . . .
4-3
External code integration using

coder.ExternalDependency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-3
Updating build information using coder.updateBuildInfo . .
4-3
Generation of simplified code using built-in C types . . . . . .
4-4
Conversion of MATLAB expressions into C constants using

coder.const . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-4
Highlighting of constant function arguments in the

compilation report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-4
Code Generation Support for int64, uint64 data types . . . . .
4-4
C99 long long integer data type for code generation . . . . . .
4-5
Change to passing structures by reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-5
coder.runTest new syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-6
coder.target syntax change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-6
Changes for complex values with imaginary part equal to

zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-6
Subfolder for code generation interface files . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-7
Support for LCC compiler on Windows 64-bit machines . . .
4-7
Fixed-Point conversion enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-7
Check bug reports for issues and fixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-9
R2013a
Automatic fixed-point conversion during code generation
(with Fixed-Point Designer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-2
File I/O function support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-2
Support for nonpersistent handle objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-3
Structures passed by reference to entry-point functions . . .
5-3
Include custom C header files from MATLAB code . . . . . . . .
5-3
Load from MAT-files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-4
coder.opaque function enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-4
Automatic regeneration of MEX functions in projects . . . . .
5-4
MEX function signatures include constant inputs . . . . . . . .
5-5
Custom toolchain registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-5
Complex trigonometric functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-6
parfor function reduction improvements and C support . . .
5-6
Support for integers in number theory functions . . . . . . . . .
5-6
Enhanced support for class property initial values . . . . . . .
5-7
Optimized generated code for x=[x c] when x is a vector . .
5-8
xi
Default use of Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS)

libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-9
Changes to compiler support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-9
New toolbox functions supported for code generation . . . . .
5-9
Functions being removed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-11
5-12
R2012b
xii
Contents
parfor function support for MEX code generation, enabling

execution on multiple cores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-2
Code generation readiness tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-2
Reduced data copies and lightweight run-time checks for

generated MEX functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-2
Additional string function support for code generation . . . .
6-2
Visualization functions in generated MEX functions . . . . . .
6-3
Input parameter type specification enhancements . . . . . . . .
6-3
Project import and export capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-4
Package generated code in zip file for relocation . . . . . . . . .
6-5
Fixed-point instrumentation and data type proposals . . . . .
6-5
New toolbox functions supported for code generation . . . . .
6-5
New System objects supported for code generation . . . . . . .
6-6
6-8
R2012a
Code Generation for MATLAB Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-2
Dynamic Memory Allocation Based on Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-2
C/C++ Dynamic Library Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-2
Automatic Definition of Input Parameter Types . . . . . . . . . .
7-2
Verification of MEX Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-3
Enhanced Project Settings Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-3
Projects Infer Input Types from assert Statements in Source

Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-4
Code Generation from MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-4
New Demo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-4
7-5
R2011b
Support for Deletion of Rows and Columns from Matrices .
8-2
Code Generation from MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-2
8-3
xiii
R2011a
xiv
Contents
New User Interface for Managing Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To Get Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2
9-2
Migrating from Real-Time Workshop emlc Function . . . . . .

New codegen Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Code Generation Configuration Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The codegen Function Has No Default Primary Function Input
Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The codegen Function Processes Compilation Options in a
Different Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2
9-2
9-4
New coder.Type Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-5
New coder Package Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-6
Script to Upgrade MATLAB Code to Use MATLAB Coder

Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-6
Embedded MATLAB Now Called Code Generation from

MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-6
MATLAB Coder Uses rtwTargetInfo.m to Register Target

Function Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-7
New Getting Started Tutorial Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-7
New Demos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-7
Functionality Being Removed in a Future Version . . . . . . . .
9-8
Function Elements Being Removed in a Future Release . . .
9-8
9-10
9-5
9-5
R2015a
Version: 2.8
New Features
Bug Fixes
Compatibility Considerations
R2015a
Improved MATLAB Coder app with integrated editor and simplified

workflow
In R2015a, the MATLAB Coder app has a new user interface for the code generation
workflow.
The improved app includes:

Automatic checks for code generation readiness and run-time issues. The code
generation readiness checks include identification of unsupported functions.
An integrated editor to fix issues in your MATLAB code without leaving the app.
A project summary and access to generated files.
Export of project settings in the form of a MATLAB script.
Help for each step and links to documentation for more information.
1-2
See C Code Generation Using the MATLAB Coder App.
Generation of example C/C++ main for integration of generated code

into an application
In R2015a, you can generate an example C/C++ main function when generating source
code, a static library, a dynamic library, or an executable. You modify the example main
function to meet the requirements of your application.
An example main function provides a template that helps you incorporate generated code
into your application. The template shows how to initialize function input arguments to
zero and call entry-point functions. Generating an example main function is especially
useful when the code uses dynamic memory allocation for data. See Use an Example C
Main in an Application.
By default, MATLAB Coder generates an example main function when generating source
code, a static library, a dynamic library, or an executable.
To control generation of an example main function using the MATLAB Coder app:
1
On the Generate Code page, to open the Generate dialog box, click the Generate
arrow
In the Generate dialog box, set Build type to one of the following:
Source Code
Static Library (.lib)
Dynamic Library (.dll)
Executable (.exe)
Click More Settings.
On the All Settings tab, under Advanced, set Generate example main to one of
the following:
Do not generate an example main function
Generate, but do not compile, an example main function (default)
Generate and compile an example main function
To control generation of an example main function using the command-line interface:

1-3
R2015a
Create a code configuration object for 'lib', 'dll', or 'exe'. For example:
cfg = coder.config('lib'); % or dll or exe
Set the GenerateExampleMain property to one of the following:

'DoNotGenerate'
'GenerateCodeOnly' (default)
'GenerateCodeAndCompile'
For example:
cfg.GenerateExampleMain = 'GenerateCodeOnly';
Better preservation of MATLAB variable names in generated code

To reduce memory usage, when possible, variables share names and memory in the
generated code. In previous releases, this variable reuse optimization reused your
variable names for other variables or replaced your variable names with the names of
other variables. In R2015a, by default, this optimization preserves your variable names
it does not replace or reuse them. Other optimizations, however, can remove your
variable names from the generated code. See Variable Reuse in Generated Code.
If your MATLAB code uses large arrays or structures, in some cases, the extra memory to
preserve your variable names can affect performance. To reduce memory usage, specify
that the variable reuse optimization does not have to preserve variable names:
Using a project, in the Project Settings dialog box, on the All Settings tab, set
Preserve variable names to None.
Using the command-line interface, set the configuration object property
PreserveVariableNames to None.
See Reuse Large Arrays and Structures.
More efficient generated code for logical indexing

Code generated for logical array indexing is faster and uses less memory than in previous
releases. For example, the generated code for the following function is more efficient than
in previous releases.
1-4
function x = foo(x,N)
assert(all(size(x) == [1 100]))
x(x>N) = N;
In R2015a, you do not have to replace x(x>N) = N with a for-loop to improve

performance.
Code generation for additional Image Processing Toolbox and Computer

Vision System Toolbox functions
Image Processing Toolbox
bweuler
bwlabel
bwperim
regionprops
watershed
See Image Processing in MATLAB.
Computer Vision System Toolbox
cameraMatrix
cameraParameters
extrinsics
opticalFlow
opticalFlowHS
opticalFlowLK
opticalFlowLKDoG
reconstructScene
rectifyStereoImages
stereoParameters
triangulate
undistortImage
1-5
R2015a
vision.DeployableVideoPlayer on Mac platform.

In previous releases, vision.DeployableVideoPlayer supported code generation
on Linux and Windows platforms. In R2015a, vision.DeployableVideoPlayer
also supports code generation on a Mac platform.
See Computer Vision System Toolbox.
Code generation for additional Communications System Toolbox, DSP

System Toolbox, and Phased Array System Toolbox System objects
Communications System Toolbox
comm.CarrierSynchronizer
comm.FMBroadcastDemodulator
comm.FMBroadcastModulator
comm.FMDemodulator
comm.FMModulator
comm.SymbolSynchronizer
See Communications System Toolbox.
DSP System Toolbox
iirparameq
dsp.HighpassFilter
dsp.LowpassFilter
See DSP System Toolbox.
Phased Array System Toolbox
pilotcalib
phased.UCA
phased.MFSKWaveform
See Phased Array System Toolbox
1-6
Code generation for additional Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox

functions
betafit
betalike
pca
pearsrnd
See Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox.
Code generation for additional MATLAB functions

Linear Algebra
bandwidth
isbanded
isdiag
istril
istriu
lsqnonneg
See Linear Algebra in MATLAB.
Statistics in MATLAB
cummin
cummax
See Statistics in MATLAB
Code generation for additional MATLAB function options

dimension option for cumsum and cumprod
See Functions and Objects Supported for C and C++ Code Generation Alphabetical
List.
1-7
R2015a
Conversion from project to MATLAB script using MATLAB Coder app

In previous releases, to convert a project to a MATLAB script, you used the -tocode
option of the coder command. In R2015a, you can also use the MATLAB Coder app to
convert a project to a script. Before you convert a project to a script, complete the Define
Input Types step.
To convert a project to a script using the MATLAB Coder app, on the workflow bar, click
, and then select Convert to script.
See Convert MATLAB Coder Project to MATLAB Script.
Improved recognition of compile-time constants

In previous releases, the code generation software recognized that structure fields or
array elements were constant only when all fields or elements were constant. In R2015a,
in some cases, the software can recognize constant fields or constant elements even when
some structure fields or array elements are not constant.
For example, consider the following code. Field s.a is constant and field s.b is not
constant:
function y = create_array(x)
s.a = 10;
s.b = x;
y = zeros(1, s.a);
In previous releases, the software did not recognize that field s.a was constant. In the
generated code, if variable-sizing was enabled, y was a variable-size array. If variablesizing was disabled, the code generation software reported an error. In R2015a, the
software recognizes that s.a is a constant. y is a static row vector with 10 elements.
As a result of this improvement, you can use individual assignments to assign constant
values to structure fields. For example:
function y = mystruct(x)
s.a = 3;
s.b = 4;
y = zeros(s.a,s.b);
In previous releases, the software recognized the constants only if you defined the
complete structure using the struct function: For example:
1-8
function y = mystruct(x)
s = struct('a', 3, 'b', 4);
y = zeros(s.a,s.b);
In some cases, the code generation software cannot recognize constant structure fields or
array elements. See Code Generation for Constants in Structures and Arrays.
The improved recognition of constant fields and elements can cause the following
differences between code generated in R2015a and code generated in previous releases:
A function output can be more specific in R2015a than it was in previous releases. An
output that was complex in previous releases can be real in R2015a. An array output
that was variable-size in previous releases can be fixed-size in R2015a.
Some branches of code that are present in code generated using previous releases are
eliminated from the generated code in R2015a.
Improved emxArray interface function generation

When you generate code that uses variable-size data, MATLAB Coder exports functions
that you can use to create and interact with emxArrays in your generated code. R2015a
includes the following improvements to emxArray interface functions:
emxArray interface functions for variable-size arrays that external C/C++ functions use
When you use coder.ceval to call an external C/C++ function, MATLAB Coder
generates emxArray interface functions for the variable-size arrays that the external
function uses.
Functions to initialize output emxArrays and emxArrays in structure outputs
MATLAB Coder generates functions to initialize emxArrays that are outputs or
emxArrays that are in structure outputs.
A function that creates an empty emxArray on the heap has a name of the form:
emxInitArray_<baseType>
<baseType> is the type of the elements of the emxArray. The inputs to this function are
a pointer to an emxArray pointer and the number of dimensions. For example:
1-9
R2015a
void emxInitArray_real_T(emxArray_real_T **pEmxArray, int numDimensions);
A function that creates empty emxArrays in a structure has a name of the form:
void emxInitArray_<structType>
<structType> is the type of the structure. The input to this function is a pointer to the
structure that contains the emxArrays. For example:
void emxInitArray_cstruct0_T(cstruct0_T *structure);
MATLAB Coder also generates functions that free the dynamic memory that the
functions that create the emxArrays allocate. For example, the function that frees
dynamic memory that emxInitArray_real_T allocates is:
void emxDestroyArray_real_T(emxArray_real_T *emxArray)
The function that frees dynamic memory that emxInitArray_cstruct0_T allocates is:
void emxDestroyArray_struct0_T(struct0_T *structure)
See C Code Interface for Arrays.

External definition of a structure that contains emxArrays
In previous releases, MATLAB Coder did not allow external definition of a structure
that contained emxArrays. If you defined the structure in C code and declared it in an
external header file, MATLAB Coder reported an error.
In R2015a, MATLAB Coder allows external definition of a structure that contains
emxArrays. However, do not define the type of the emxArray in the external C code.
MATLAB Coder defines the types of the emxArrays that a structure contains.
Code generation for casts to and from types of variables declared using
coder.opaque
For code generation, you can use the MATLAB cast function to cast a variable to or from
a variable that is declared using coder.opaque. Use cast with coder.opaque only for
numeric types.
To cast a variable declared by coder.opaque to a MATLAB type, you can use the B =
cast(A,type) syntax. For example:
1-10
x = coder.opaque('size_t','0');
x1 = cast(x, 'int32');
You can also use the B = cast(A,'like',p) syntax. For example:

x = coder.opaque('size_t','0');
x1 = cast(x, 'like', int32(0));
To cast a MATLAB variable to the type of a variable declared by coder.opaque, you

must use the B = cast(A,'like',p) syntax. For example:
x = int32(12);
x1 = coder.opaque('size_t', '0');
x2 = cast(x, 'like', x1));
Use cast with coder.opaque to generate the correct data types for:
Inputs to C/C++ functions that you call using coder.ceval.
Variables that you assign to outputs from C/C++ functions that you call using
coder.ceval.
Without this casting, it is possible to receive compiler warnings during code generation.
Consider this MATLAB code:
yt = coder.opaque('size_t', '42');
yt = coder.ceval('foo');
y = cast(yt, 'int32');
coder.opaque declares that yt has C type size_t.

y = cast(yt, 'int32') converts yt to int32 and assigns the result to y.
Because y is a MATLAB numeric type, you can use y as you would normally use a
variable in your MATLAB code.
The generated code looks like:
size_t yt= 42;
int32_T y;
y = (int32_T)yt;
It is possible that the explicit cast in the generated code prevents a compiler warning.
1-11
R2015a
Generation of reentrant code without an Embedded Coder license

In previous releases, generation of reentrant code required an Embedded Coder license.
In R2015a, you can generate reentrant code using MATLAB Coder without an Embedded
Coder license.
See Reentrant Code.
Code generation for parfor-loops with stack overflow

In previous releases, you could not generate code for parfor-loops that contained
variables that did not fit on the stack. In R2015a, you can generate code for these
parfor-loops. See Algorithm Acceleration Using Parallel for-Loops (parfor).
Change in default value of the PassStructByReference code

configuration object property
The PassStructByReference code configuration object property controls whether the
codegen command generates pass by reference or pass by value structures for entrypoint input and output structures.
In previous releases, the default value of PassStructByReference was false. By
default, codegen generated pass by value structures. This default behavior differed
from the MATLAB Coder app default behavior. The app generated pass by reference
structures.
In R2015a, the value of PassStructByReference is true. By default, codegen
generates pass by reference structures. The default behavior now matches the default
behavior of the MATLAB Coder app.
See Pass Structure Arguments by Reference or by Value.
For an entry-point function with structure arguments, if the PassStructByReference
property has the default value, codegen generates a different function signature in
R2015a than in previous releases.
Here is an example of a function signature generated in R2015a using the codegen
command with the PassStructByReference property set to the default value, true:
1-12
void my_struct_in(const struct0_T *s, double y[4])
my_struct_in passes the input structure s by reference.

The signature for the same function generated in previous releases, using the codegen
command with the PassStructByReference property set to the default value, false
is:
void my_struct_in(const struct0_T s, double y[4])
my_struct_in passes the input structure s by value.

To control whether codegen generates pass by reference or pass by value structures,
set the PassStructByReference code configuration object property. For example, to
generate pass by value structures:
cfg = coder.config('lib');
cfg.PassStructByReference = false;
Change in GLOBALS variable in scripts generated from a project

A script generated from a MATLAB Coder project that uses global variables creates the
variable GLOBALS. In previous releases, GLOBALS stored the types of global variables.
The initial values of the global variables were specified directly in the codegen
command. In R2015a, GLOBALS stores both the types and the initial values of global
variables. The codegen command obtains the initial values from GLOBALS.
Target build log display for command-line code generation when

hyperlinks disabled
In previous releases, if hyperlinks were disabled, you could not access the code
generation report to view compiler or linker messages in the target build log. In R2015a,
when hyperlinks are disabled, you see the target build log in the Command Window.
If you use the -nojvm startup option when you start MATLAB, hyperlinks are disabled.
See Commonly Used Startup Options.
For more information about the target build log, see View Target Build Information.
1-13
R2015a
Removal of instrumented MEX output type

You can no longer specify the output type Instrumented MEX.
For manual fixed-point conversion, use the command-line workflow. This workflow
uses the Fixed-Point Designer functions buildInstrumentedMex and
showInstrumentationResults. See Manually Convert a Floating-Point MATLAB
Algorithm to Fixed Point in the Fixed-Point Designer documentation.
Fixed-point conversion enhancements

Support for multiple entry-point functions
Fixed-point conversion now supports multiple entry-point functions. You can generate C/
C++ library functions to integrate with larger applications.
Support for global variables
You can now convert MATLAB algorithms that contain global variables to fixed-point
code without modifying your MATLAB code.
Code coverage-based translation
During fixed-point conversion, MATLAB Coder now detects dead and constant folded
code. It warns you if any parts of your code do not execute during the simulation of your
test file. This detection can help you verify if your test file is testing the algorithm over
the intended operating range. The software uses this code coverage information during
the translation of your code from floating-point MATLAB code to fixed-point MATLAB
code. The software inserts inline comments in the fixed-point code to mark the dead and
untranslated regions. It includes the code coverage information in the generated fixedpoint conversion HTML report.
Generated fixed-point code enhancements
The generated fixed-point code now:
Uses colon syntax for multi-output assignments, reducing the number of fi casts in
the generated fixed-point code.
1-14
Preserves the indentation and formatting of your original algorithm, improving the
readability of the generated fixed-point code.
Automated fixed-point conversion of additional DSP System Toolbox objects
If you have a DSP System Toolbox license, you can now convert the following DSP
System Toolbox System objects to fixed-point:
dsp.FIRDecimator
dsp.FIRInterpolator
dsp.FIRFilter, direct form and direct form transposed only
dsp.LUFactor
dsp.VariableFractionalDelay
dsp.Window
You can propose and apply data types for these System objects based on simulation
range data. Using the MATLAB Coder app, during the conversion process, you can view
simulation minimum and maximum values and proposed data types for these System
objects. You can also view whole number information and histogram data. You cannot
propose data types for these System objects based on static range data.
New interpolation method for generating lookup table MATLAB function replacements
The coder.approximation function now offers a 'Flat' interpolation method for
generating lookup table MATLAB function replacements. This fully specified lookup
table achieves high speeds by discarding the prelookup step and reducing the use of
multipliers in the data path. This interpolation method is available from the commandline workflow, and in the Function Replacements tab of the Fixed-Point Conversion
step.
1-15
R2015a
Check bug reports for issues and fixes

documentation.
1-16
R2014b
Version: 2.7
New Features
Bug Fixes
R2014b

bwdist
imadjust
intlut
ordfilt2
bwtraceboundary
imclearborder
iptcheckmap
rgb2ycbcr
fitgeotrans
imlincomb
medfilt2
stretchlim
histeq
imquantize
multithresh
ycbcr2rgb
For the list of Image Processing Toolbox functions supported for code generation, see
Image Processing Toolbox.
bboxOverlapRatio
selectStrongestBbox
vision.DeployableVideoPlayer on Linux
For the list of Computer Vision System Toolbox functions supported for code
generation, see Computer Vision System Toolbox.
Code generation for additional Communications System Toolbox and DSP

System Toolbox functions and System objects
iqcoef2imbal
iqimbal2coef
comm.IQImbalanceCompensator
For the list of Communications System Toolbox functions supported for code
generation, see Communications System Toolbox.
DSP System Toolbox
dsp.CICCompensationDecimator
dsp.CICCompensationInterpolator
2-2
dsp.FarrowRateConverter
dsp.FilterCascade
You cannot generate code directly from this System object. You can use the
generateFilteringCode method to generate a MATLAB function. You can
generate C/C++ code from this MATLAB function.
dsp.FIRDecimator for transposed structure
dsp.FIRHalfbandDecimator
dsp.FIRHalfbandInterpolator
dsp.PeakToPeak
dsp.PeakToRMS
dsp.PhaseExtractor
dsp.SampleRateConverter
dsp.StateLevels
For the list of DSP System Toolbox functions and System objects supported for code
generation, see DSP System Toolbox.
Code generation for enumerated types based on built-in MATLAB integer

types
In previous releases, enumeration types were based on int32. In R2014b, you can base
an enumerated type on one of the following built-in MATLAB integer data types:
int8
uint8
int16
uint16
int32
You can use the base type to control the size of the enumerated type in the generated
code. You can choose a base type to:
Represent an enumerated type as a fixed-size integer that is portable to different
targets.
Reduce memory usage.
2-3
R2014b
Interface to legacy code.

Match company standards.
The base type determines the representation of the enumerated types in the generated
C and C++ code. For the base type int32, the code generation software generates a C
enumeration type. For example:
enum LEDcolor
{
GREEN = 1,
RED
};
typedef enum LEDcolor LEDcolor;
For the other base types, the code generation software generates a typedef statement
for the enumerated type and #define statements for the enumerated values. For
example:
typedef short LEDColor;
#define GREEN ((LEDColor)1)
#define RED((LEDColor)2)
See Enumerated Types Supported for Code Generation.
Code generation for function handles in structures

You can now generate code for structures containing fields that are function handles. See
Function Handle Definition for Code Generation.
Change in enumerated type value names in generated code

In previous releases, by default, the enumerated type value name in the generated code
included a class name prefix, for example, LEDcolor_GREEN. In R2014b, by default,
the generated enumerated type value name does not include the class name prefix.
To generate enumerated type value names that include the class name prefix, in the
enumerated type definition, modify the addClassNameToEnumNames method to return
true instead of false:
classdef(Enumeration) LEDcolor < int32
enumeration
GREEN(1),
2-4
RED(2)
end
methods(Static)
function y = addClassNameToEnumNames()
y = true;
end
end
end
See Control Names of Enumerated Type Values in Generated Code.
The name of an enumerated type value in code generated using previous releases differs
from the name generated using R2014b. If you have code that uses one of these names,
modify the code to use the R2014b name or generate the name so that it matches the
name from a previous release. If you want an enumerated type value name generated in
R2014b to match the name from a previous release, in the enumerated types definition,
modify the addClassNameToEnumNames method to return true instead of false.
Code generation for ode23 and ode45 ordinary differential equation

solvers
ode23
ode45
odeget
odeset
See Numerical Integration and Differentiation in MATLAB.
Code generation for additional MATLAB functions

Data and File Management in MATLAB
feof
frewind
See Data and File Management in MATLAB.
2-5
R2014b
Linear Algebra in MATLAB

ishermitian
issymmetric
See Linear Algebra in MATLAB.
String Functions in MATLAB
str2double
See String Functions in MATLAB.
Code generation for additional MATLAB function options

'vector' and 'matrix' eigenvalue options for eig
All output class options for sum and prod
All output class options for mean except 'native' for integer types
Multidimensional array support for flipud, fliplr, and rot90
Dimension to operate along option for circshift
List.
Collapsed list for inherited properties in code generation report

The code generation report displays inherited object properties on the Variables tab. In
R2014b, the list of inherited properties is collapsed by default.
Change in length of exported identifiers

In previous releases, the code generation software limited exported identifiers, such as
entry-point function names or emxArray utility function names, to a maximum length
defined by the maximum identifier length setting. If the truncation of identifiers resulted
in different functions having identical names, the code generation failed. In R2014b, for
exported identifiers, the code generation software uses the entire generated identifier,
even if its length exceeds the maximum identifier length setting. If, however, the target
C compiler has a maximum identifier length that is less than the length of the generated
identifier, the target C compiler truncates the identifier.
2-6
Unless the target C compiler has a maximum identifier length that equals the length of
a truncated exported identifier from a previous release, the identifier from the previous
release does not match the identifier that R2014b generates. For example, suppose the
maximum identifier length setting has the default value 31 and the target C compiler
has a maximum identifier length of 255. Suppose that in R2014b, the code generation
software generates the function emxCreateWrapperND_StructType_123 for an
unbounded variable-size structure array named StructType_123. In previous releases,
the same function had the truncated name emxCreateWrapperND_StructType_1. In
this example, code that previously called emxCreateWrapperND_StructType_1 must
now call emxCreateWrapperND_StructType_123.
Intel Performance Primitives (IPP) platform-specific code replacement

libraries for cross-platform code generation
In R2014b, you can select an Intel Performance Primitive (IPP) code replacement
library for a specific platform. You can generate code for a platform that is different from
the host platform that you use for code generation. The new code replacement libraries
are:
Intel IPP for x86-64 (Windows)
Intel IPP/SSE with GNU99 extensions for x86-64 (Windows)
Intel IPP for x86/Pentium (Windows)
Intel IPP/SSE with GNU99 extensions for x86/Pentium (Windows)
Intel IPP for x86-64 (Linux)
Intel IPP/SSE with GNU99 extensions for x86-64 (Linux)
In a MATLAB Coder project that you create in R2014b, you can no longer select these
libraries:
Intel IPP
Intel IPP/SSE with GNU99 extensions
If, however, you open a project from a previous release that specifies Intel IPP or Intel
IPP/SSE with GNU99 extensions, the library selection is preserved and that library
appears in the selection list.
See Choose a Code Replacement Library.
2-7
R2014b

Conversion from project to MATLAB scripts for command-line fixed-point conversion and code
generation
For a MATLAB Coder project that includes automated fixed-point conversion, you can
use the -tocode option of the coder command to create a pair of scripts for fixed-point
conversion and fixed-point code generation. You can use the scripts to repeat the project
workflow in a command-line workflow. Before you convert the project to the scripts, you
must complete the Test Numerics step of the fixed-point conversion process.
For example:
coder -tocode my_fixpt_proj -script myscript.m
This command generates two scripts:

myscript.m contains the MATLAB commands to create a code configuration
object and generate fixed-point C code from fixed-point MATLAB code. The code
configuration object has the same settings as the project.
myscriptsuffix.m contains the MATLAB commands to create a floating-point to
fixed-point configuration object and generate fixed-point MATLAB code from the
entry-point function. The floating-point to fixed-point configuration object has the
same fixed-point conversion settings as the project. suffix is the generated fixedpoint file name suffix specified by the project file.
If you do not specify the -script option, coder writes the scripts to the Command
Window.
See Convert Fixed-Point Conversion Project to MATLAB Scripts.
Lookup table approximations for unsupported functions
The Fixed-Point Conversion tool now provides an option to generate lookup table
approximations for continuous and stateless functions in your original MATLAB code.
This capability is useful for handling functions that are not supported for fixed point. To
replace a function with a generated lookup table, specify the function that you want to
replace on the Function Replacements tab.
In the command-line workflow, use coder.approximation and the coder.FixptConfig
configuration object addApproximation method.
2-8
See Replacing Functions Using Lookup Table Approximations.

Enhanced plotting capabilities
The Fixed-Point Conversion tool now provides additional plotting capabilities. You can
use these plotting capabilities during the testing phase to compare the generated fixedpoint versions of your algorithms to the original floating-point versions.
Default plots
The default comparison plots now plot vector and matrix data in addition to scalar data.
Custom plotting functions
You can now specify your own custom plotting function. The Fixed-Point Conversion
tool calls the function and, for each variable, passes in the name of the variable and the
function that uses it, and the results of the floating-point and fixed-point simulations.
Your function should accept three inputs:
A structure that holds the name of the variable and the function that uses it.
A cell array to hold the logged floating-point values for the variable.
A cell array to hold the logged values for the variable after fixed-point conversion.
For example, function customComparisonPlot(varInfo, floatVarVals,
fixedPtVarVals).
To use a custom plot function, in the Fixed-Point Conversion tool, select Advanced, and
then set Custom plot function to the name of your plot function.
In the command-line workflow, set the coder.FixptConfig configuration object
PlotFunction property to the name of your plot function.
See Custom Plot Functions.
Integration with Simulation Data Inspector
You can now use the Simulation Data Inspector for comparison plots. The Simulation
Data Inspector provides the capability to inspect and compare logged simulation data for
multiple runs. You can import and export logged data, customize the organization of your
logged data, and create reports.
In the Fixed-Point Conversion tool, select Advanced and then set Plot with
Simulation Data Inspector to Yes. See Enable Plotting Using the Simulation Data
Inspector.
2-9
R2014b
When generating fixed-point code in the command-line workflow, set the

coder.FixptConfig configuration object PlotWithSimulationDataInspector property
to true.
Custom plotting functions take precedence over the Simulation Data Inspector. See
Enable Plotting Using the Simulation Data Inspector.
Automated fixed-point conversion for commonly used System objects in MATLAB including
Biquad Filter, FIR Filter, and Rate converter
You can now convert the following DSP System Toolbox System objects to fixed point
using the Fixed-Point Conversion tool.
dsp.BiquadFilter
dsp.FIRFilter, Direct Form only
dsp.FIRRateConverter
dsp.LowerTriangularSolver
dsp.UpperTriangularSolver
dsp.ArrayVectorAdder
You can propose and apply data types for these System objects based on simulation
range data. During the conversion process, you can view simulation minimum and
maximum values and proposed data types for these System objects. You can also view
Whole Number information and histogram data. You cannot propose data types for these
System objects based on static range data.
Additional fixed-point conversion command-line options
You can now use the codegen function with the -float2fixed option to convert
floating point to fixed point based on derived ranges as well as simulation ranges. For
more information, see coder.FixptConfig.
Type proposal report
After running the Test Numerics step to verify the data type proposals, the tool provides
a link to a type proposal report that shows the instrumentation results for the fixed-point
simulation. This report includes:
The fixed-point code generated for each function in your original MATLAB algorithm
Fixed-point instrumentation results for each variable in these functions:
Simulation minimum value
2-10
Simulation maximum value

Proposed data type
Avoids loss of range or precision in unsigned subtraction operations. When the result
of the subtraction is negative, the conversion process promotes the left operand to a
signed type.
Handles multiplication of fixed-point variables by non fixed-point variables. In
previous releases, the variable that did not have a fixed-point type had to be a
constant.
Avoids overflows when adding and subtracting non fixed-point variables and fixedpoint variables.
Avoids loss of range when concatenating arrays of fixed-point numbers using
vertcat and horzcat.
If you concatenate matrices, the conversion tool uses the largest numerictype among
the expressions of a row and casts the leftmost element to that type. This type is then
used for the concatenated matrix to avoid loss of range.
If the function that you are converting has a scalar input, and the mpower
exponent input is not constant, the conversion tool sets fimath ProductMode to
SpecifyPrecision in the generated code. With this setting , the output data type
can be determined at compile time.
Supports the following functions:
true(m,n)
false(m,n)
sub2ind
mode
rem
Uses enhanced division replacement.
For more information, see Generated Fixed-Point Code.
The tool now numbers function specializations sequentially in the Function list. In the
generated fixed-point code, the number of each fixed-point specialization matches the
2-11
R2014b
number in the Function list which makes it easy to trace between the floating-point and
fixed-point versions of your code. For example, the generated fixed-point function for the
specialization of function foo named foo > 1 is named foo_s1. For more information,
see Specializations.
Highlighting of potential data type issues in generated HTML report
You now have the option to highlight potential data type issues in the generated HTML
report. The report highlights MATLAB code that requires single-precision, doubleprecision, or expensive fixed-point operations. The expensive fixed-point operations check
identifies optimization opportunities for fixed-point code. It highlights expressions in
the MATLAB code that require cumbersome multiplication or division, or expensive
rounding. The following example report highlights MATLAB code that requires expensive
fixed-point operations.
2-12
The checks for the data type issues are disabled by default.
To enable the checks in a project:
1
In the Fixed-Point Conversion Tool, click Advanced to view the advanced settings.
Set Highlight potential data type issues to Yes.
To enable the checks at the command-line interface:

1
Create a floating-point to fixed-point conversion configuration object:

fxptcfg = coder.config('fixpt');
Set the HighlightPotentialDataTypeIssues property to true:

fxptcfg.HighlightPotentialDataTypeIssues = true;
See Data Type Issues in Generated Code.
2-13
R2014b

documentation.
2-14
R2014a
Version: 2.6
New Features
Bug Fixes
R2014a

affine2d
im2uint16
imhist
bwpack
im2uint8
imopen
bwselect
imbothat
imref2d
bwunpack
imclose
imref3d
edge
imdilate
imtophat
getrangefromclass
imerode
imwarp
im2double
imextendedmax
mean2
im2int16
imextendedmin
projective2d
im2single
imfilter
strel
See Image Processing Toolbox.

detectHarrisFeatures
detectMinEigenFeatures
estimateGeometricTransform
See Computer Vision System Toolbox.
Code generation for additional Signal Processing Toolbox,

Communications System Toolbox, and DSP System Toolbox functions and
System objects
Signal Processing Toolbox
findpeaks
db2pow
pow2db
See Signal Processing Toolbox.
3-2

comm.OFDMModulator
comm.OFDMDemodulator
See Communications System Toolbox.
DSP System Toolbox
ca2tf
firhalfband
ifir
iirnotch
cl2tf
firlpnorm
iircomb
iirpeak
firceqrip
firminphase
iirgrpdelay
tf2ca
fireqint
firnyquist
iirlpnorm
tf2cl
firgr
firpr2chfb
iirlpnormc
dsp.DCBlocker
See DSP System Toolbox.
Code generation for fminsearch optimization function and additional

interpolation functions in MATLAB
Optimization Functions in MATLAB
fminsearch
optimget
optimset
See Optimization Functions in MATLAB.
Interpolation and Computational Geometry in MATLAB
interp3
mkpp
pchip
ppval
spline
unmkpp
'spline and 'v5cubic interpolation methods for interp1
'spline and 'cubic interpolation methods for interp2
3-3
R2014a
See Interpolation and Computational Geometry in MATLAB.
Conversion from project to MATLAB script for command-line code

generation
Using the -tocode option of the coder command, you can convert a MATLAB Coder
project to the equivalent MATLAB code in a MATLAB script. The script reproduces the
project in a configuration object and runs the codegen command. With this capability,
you can:
Move from a project workflow to a command-line workflow.
Save the project as a text file that you can share.
The following command converts the project named myproject to the script named
myscript.m:
coder -tocode myproject -script myscript.m
If you omit the -script option, the coder command writes the script to the Command
Window.
Code generation for fread function

In R2014a, you can generate code for the fread function.
See Data and File Management in MATLAB.
Automatic C/C++ compiler setup

Previously, you used mex -setup to set up a compiler for C/C++ code generation. In
R2014a, the code generation software locates and uses a supported installed compiler.
You can use mex -setup to change the default compiler. See Changing Default
Compiler.
Compile-time declaration of constant global variables

You can specify that a global variable is a compile-time constant. Use a constant global
variable to:
3-4
Generate optimized code.

Define the value of a constant without changing source code.
To declare a constant global variable in a MATLAB Coder project:
1
On the Overview tab, click Add global. Enter a name for the global variable.
Click the field to the right of the global variable name.
Select Define Constant Value.
Enter the value in the field to the right of the global variable name.
To declare a constant global variable at the command-line interface, use the -globals
option along with the coder.Constant function.
In the following code, gConstant is a global variable with constant value 42.
cfg = coder.config('mex');
globals = {'gConstant', coder.Constant(42)};
codegen -config cfg myfunction -globals globals
See Define Constant Global Data.
Enhanced code generation support for switch statements

Code generation now supports:
Switch expressions and case expressions that are noninteger numbers, nonconstant
strings, variable-size strings, or empty matrices
Case expressions with mixed types and sizes
If all case expressions are scalar integer values, the code generation software generates
a C switch statement. If at run time, the switch value is not an integer, the code
generation software generates an error.
When the case expressions contain noninteger or nonscalar values, the code generation
software generates C if statements in place of a C switch statement.
Code generation support for value classes with set.prop methods

In R2014a, you can generate code for value classes that have set.prop methods.
3-5
R2014a
Code generation error for property that uses AbortSet attribute

Previously, when the current and new property values were equal, the generated code
set the property value and called the set property method regardless of the value of
the AbortSet attribute. When the AbortSet attribute was true, the generated code
behavior differed from the MATLAB behavior.
In R2014a, if your code has properties that use the AbortSet attribute, the code
generation software generates an error.
Previously, for code using the AbortSet attribute, code generation succeeded, but the
behavior of the generated code was incorrect. Now, for the same code, code generation
ends with an error. Remove the AbortSet attribute from your code and rewrite the code
to explicitly compare the current and new property value.
Independent configuration selections for standard math and code

replacement libraries
In R2014a, you can independently select and configure standard math and code
replacement libraries for C and C++ code generation.
The language selection (C or C++) determines the available standard math libraries.
In a project, the Language setting on the All Settings tab determines options
that are available for a new Standard math library setting on the Hardware
tab.
In a code configuration object, the TargetLang parameter determines options that
are available for a new TargetLangStandard parameter.
Depending on the your language selection, the following options are available for
the Standard math library setting in a project and for the TargetLangStandard
parameter in a configuration object.
Language
Standard Math Libraries (TargetLangStandard)
C89/C90 (ANSI) default

C99 (ISO)
C++
3-6
C89/C90 (ANSI) default
Language
Standard Math Libraries (TargetLangStandard)

C99 (ISO)
C++03 (ISO)
The language selection and the standard math library selection determine the
available code replacement libraries.
In a project, the Code replacement library setting on the Hardware tab lists
available code replacement libraries. The MATLAB Coder software filters the list
based on compatibility with the Language and Standard math library settings
and the product licensing. For example, Embedded Coder offers more libraries and
the ability to create and use custom code replacement libraries.
In a configuration object, the valid values for the CodeReplacementLibrary
parameter depend on the values of the TargetLang and TargetLangStandard
parameters and the product licensing.
In R2014a, code replacement libraries provided by MathWorks no longer include
standard math libraries.
When you open a project that was saved with an earlier version:
The Code replacement library setting remains the same unless previously set
to C89/C90 (ANSI), C99 (ISO), C++ (ISO), Intel IPP (ANSI), or Intel
IPP (ISO). In these cases, MATLAB Coder software sets Code replacement
library to None or Intel IPP.
MATLAB Coder software sets the new Standard math library setting to a value
based on the previous Code replacement library setting.
If Code replacement library was set to:
Standard Math Library is set to:
C89/C90 (ANSI), C99 (ISO), or C++

(ISO)
C89/C90 (ANSI), C99 (ISO), C++03

(ISO), respectively
GNU99 (GNU), Intel IPP

C99 (ISO)
(ISO),Intel IPP (GNU), ADI
TigerSHARC (Embedded Coder only), or
MULTI BF53x (Embedded Coder only)
3-7
R2014a
If Code replacement library was set to:
Standard Math Library is set to:
A custom library (Embedded Coder),

and the corresponding registration file
has been loaded in memory
A value based on the BaseTfl property

setting
Any other value
The default standard math library,

C89/C90 (ANSI)
When you load a configuration object from a MAT file that was saved in an earlier
version:
The CodeReplacementLibrary setting remains the same unless previously set
to Intel IPP (ANSI) or Intel IPP (ISO). In these cases, MATLAB Coder
software sets CodeReplacementLibrary to Intel IPP.
MATLAB Coder software sets the new TargetLangStandard setting to a value
based on the previous CodeReplacementLibrary setting.
If CodeReplacementLibrary was set to:
TargetLangStandard is set to:
Intel IPP (ANSI)
C89/C90 ANSI
Intel IPP (ISO)
C99 (ISO)
Any other value
The default standard math library,

C89/C90 (ANSI)
The generated code can differ from earlier versions if you use the default standard
math library, C89/C90 (ANSI), with one of these code replacement libraries:
GNU99 (GNU)
Intel IPP (GNU)
ADI TigerSHARC (Embedded Coder only)
MULTI BF53x (Embedded Coder only)
To generate the same code as in earlier versions, change TargetLangStandard to
C99 (ISO).
After you open a project, if you select a code replacement library provided by
MathWorks, the code generation software can produce different code than in previous
versions, depending on the Standard math library setting. Verify generated code.
If a script that you used in a previous version sets the configuration object
CodeReplacementLibrary parameter, modify the script to use both the
CodeReplacementLibrary and the TargetLangStandard parameters.
3-8
Restrictions on bit length for integer types in a

coder.HardwareImplementation object
In R2014a, the code generation software imposes restrictions on the bit length of
integer types in a coder.HardwareImplementation object. For example, the
value of ProdBitPerChar must be between 8 and 32 and less than or equal to
ProdBitPerShort. If you set the bit length to an invalid value, the code generation
software reports an error.
See coder.HardwareImplementation.
Change in location of interface files in code generation report

The code generation software creates and uses interface files prefixed with _coder. For
MEX code generation, these files appear in the code generation report. Previously, these
files appeared in the Target Source Files pane of the C code tab of the code generation
report. They now appear in the Interface Source Files pane of the C code tab. The
report is now consistent with the folder structure for generated files. Since R2013b, the
interface files are in a subfolder named interface.
Compiler warnings in code generation report

For MEX code generation, the code generation report now includes C and C++ compiler
warning messages. If the code generation software detects compiler warnings, it
generates a warning message in the All Messages tab. Compiler error and warning
messages are highlighted in red on the Target Build Log tab.
See View Errors and Warnings in a Report.
Removal of date and time comment from generated code files

Previously, generated code files contained a comment with the string C source code
generated on followed by a date and time stamp. This comment no longer appears in
the generated code files. If you have an Embedded Coder license, you can include the
date and time stamp in custom file banners by using code generation template (CGT)
files.
Removal of two's complement guard from rtwtypes.h

rtwtypes.h no longer contains the following code:
3-9
R2014a
#if ((SCHAR_MIN + 1) != -SCHAR_MAX)

#error "This code must be compiled using a 2's complement representation for signed integer values"
#endif
You must compile the code that is generated by the MATLAB Coder software on a target
that uses a twos complement representation for signed integer values. The generated
code does not verify that the target uses a twos complement representation for signed
integer values.
Removal of TRUE and FALSE from rtwtypes.h

When the target language is C, rtwtypes.h defines true and false. It no longer
defines TRUE and FALSE.
If you integrate code generated in R2014a with custom code that references TRUE or
FALSE, modify your custom code in one of these ways:
Define TRUE or FALSE in your custom code.
Change TRUE and FALSE to true and false, respectively.
Change TRUE and FALSE to 1U and 0U, respectively.
Change to default names for structure types generated from entry-point

function inputs and outputs
In previous releases, the code generation software used the same default naming
convention for structure types generated from local variables and from entry-point
function inputs and outputs. The software used struct_T for the first generated
structure type name, a_struct_T for the next name, b_struct_T for the next name,
and so on.
In R2014a, the code generation software uses a different default naming convention for
structure types generated from entry-point function inputs and outputs. The software
uses struct0_T for the first generated structure type name, struct1_T for the next
name, struct2_T for the next name, and so on. With this new naming convention, you
can more easily predict the structure type name in the generated code.
3-10
If you have C or C++ code that uses default structure type names generated from an
entry-point function in a previous release, and you generate the entry-point function
in R2014a, you must rewrite the code to use the new structure type names. However,
subsequent changes to your MATLAB code, such as adding a variable with a structure
type, can change the default structure type names in the generated code. To avoid
compatibility issues caused by changes to default names for structure types in generated
code, specify structure type names using coder.cstructname.
Toolbox functions supported for code generation

List and Functions and Objects Supported for C and C++ Code Generation Categorical
List.
comm.OFDMModulator
comm.OFDMDemodulator
detectHarrisFeatures
detectMinEigenFeatures
estimateGeometricTransform
Data and File Management in MATLAB
fread
DSP System Toolbox
ca2tf
firhalfband
ifir
iirnotch
cl2tf
firlpnorm
iircomb
iirpeak
firceqrip
firminphase
iirgrpdelay
tf2ca
fireqint
firnyquist
iirlpnorm
tf2cl
firgr
firpr2chfb
iirlpnormc
dsp.DCBlocker
3-11
R2014a

affine2d
im2uint16
imhist
bwpack
im2uint8
imopen
bwselect
imbothat
imref2d
bwunpack
imclose
imref3d
edge
imdilate
imtophat
getrangefromclass
imerode
imwarp
im2double
imextendedmax
mean2
im2int16
imextendedmin
projective2d
im2single
imfilter
strel
Interpolation and Computational Geometry in MATLAB

interp2
interp3
mkpp
pchip
ppval
polyarea
rectint
spline
unmkpp
Matrices and Arrays in MATLAB
flip
Optimization Functions in MATLAB
fminsearch
optimget
optimset
Polynomials in MATLAB
polyder
3-12
polyint
polyvalm
Signal Processing Toolbox
findpeaks
db2pow
pow2db

These capabilities require a Fixed-Point Designer license.
Overflow detection with scaled double data types in MATLAB Coder projects
The MATLAB Coder Fixed-Point Conversion tool now provides the capability to detect
overflows. At the numerical testing stage in the conversion process, the tool simulates the
fixed-point code using scaled doubles. It then reports which expressions in the generated
code produce values that would overflow the fixed-point data type. For more information,
see Detect Overflows Using the Fixed-Point Conversion Tool and Detecting Overflows.
You can also detect overflows when using the codegen function. For more information,
see coder.FixptConfig and Detect Overflows at the Command Line.
Support for MATLAB classes
You can now use the MATLAB Coder Fixed-Point Conversion tool to convert floatingpoint MATLAB code that uses MATLAB classes. For more information, see Fixed-Point
Code for MATLAB Classes.
Uses subscripted assignment (the colon(:) operator). This enhancement produces
concise code that is more readable.
Has better code for constant expressions. In previous releases, multiple parts of an
expression were quantized to fixed point. The final value of the expression was less
accurate and the code was less readable. Now, constant expressions are quantized
only once at the end of the evaluation. This new behavior results in more accurate
results and more readable code.
3-13
R2014a
For more informations, see Generated Fixed-Point Code.

Fixed-point report for float-to-fixed conversion
In R2014a, when you convert floating-point MATLAB code to fixed-point C or C++ code,
the code generation software generates a fixed-point report in HTML format. For the
variables in your MATLAB code, the report provides the proposed fixed-point types and
the simulation or derived ranges used to propose those types. For a function my_fcn and
code generation output folder out_folder, the location of the report is out_folder/
my_fcn/fixpt/my_fcn_fixpt_Report.html. If you do not specify out_folder in
the project settings or as an option of the codegen command, the default output folder is
codegen.
3-14

documentation.
3-15
R2013b
Version: 2.5
New Features
Bug Fixes
R2013b
Code generation for Statistics Toolbox and Phased Array System Toolbox
Code generation now supports more than 100 Statistics Toolbox functions. For
implementation details, see Statistics Toolbox Functions.
Code generation now supports most of the Phased Array System Toolbox functions and
System objects. For implementation details, see Phased Array System Toolbox Functions
and Phased Array System Toolbox System Objects.
Toolbox functions supported for code generation

For implementation details, see Functions Supported for C/C++ Code Generation
Alphabetical List.
Data Type Functions
narginchk
Programming Utilities
mfilename
Specialized Math
psi
Computer Vision System Toolbox Classes and Functions
extractFeatures
detectSURFFeatures
disparity
detectMSERFeatures
detectFASTFeatures
vision.CascadeObjectDetector
vision.PointTracker
vision.PeopleDetector
cornerPoints
MSERRegions
SURFPoints
4-2
parfor function for standalone code generation, enabling execution on

multiple cores
You can use MATLAB Coder software to generate standalone C/C++ code from MATLAB
code that contains parfor-loops. The code generation software uses the Open MultiProcessing (OpenMP) application interface to generate C/C++ code that runs in parallel
on multiple cores on the target hardware.
For more information, see parfor and Accelerate MATLAB Algorithms That Use Parallel
for-loops (parfor).
Persistent variables in parfor-loops

You can now generate code from parallel algorithms that use persistent variables.
For more information, see parfor.
Random number generator functions in parfor-loops

You can now generate code from parallel algorithms that use the random number
generators rand, randn, randi, randperm, and rng.
For more information, see parfor.
External code integration using coder.ExternalDependency

You can define the interface to external code using the new
coder.ExternalDependency class. Methods of this class update the compile and
build information required to integrate the external code with MATLAB code. In
your MATLAB code, you can call the external code without needing to update build
information. See coder.ExternalDependency.
Updating build information using coder.updateBuildInfo

You can use the new function coder.updateBuildInfo to update build information.
For example:
coder.updateBuildInfo('addLinkFlags','/STACK:1000000');
adds a stack size option to the linker command line. See coder.updateBuildInfo.
4-3
R2013b
Generation of simplified code using built-in C types

By default, MATLAB Coder now uses built-in C types in the generated code. You have
the option to use predefined types from rtwtypes.h. To control the data type in the
generated code:
In a project, on the Project Settings dialog box Code Appearance tab, use the Data
Type Replacement setting.
At the command line, use the configuration object parameter
DataTypeReplacement.
The built-in C type that the code generation software uses depends on the target
hardware.
For more information, see Specify Data Type Used in Generated Code.
If you use the default configuration or project settings, the generated code has built-in
C types such as double or char. Code generated prior to R2013b has predefined types
from rtwtypes.h, such as real_T or int32_T.
Conversion of MATLAB expressions into C constants using coder.const

You can use the new function coder.const to convert expressions and function calls to
constants at compile time. See coder.const and Constant Folding.
Highlighting of constant function arguments in the compilation report

The compilation report now highlights constant function arguments and displays them
in a distinct color. You can display the constant argument data type and value by placing
the cursor over the highlighted argument. You can export the constant argument value to
the base workspace where you can display detailed information about the argument.
For more information, see Viewing Variables in Your MATLAB Code.
Code Generation Support for int64, uint64 data types

You can now use int64 and uint64 data types for code generation.
4-4
C99 long long integer data type for code generation

If your target hardware and compiler support the C99 long long integer data type, you
can use this data type for code generation. Using long long results in more efficient
generated code that contains fewer cumbersome operations and multiword helper
functions. To specify the long long data type for code generation:
In a project, on the Project Settings dialog box Hardware tab, use the following
production and test hardware settings:
Enable long long: Specify that your C compiler supports the long long data type.
Set to Yes to enable Sizes: long long.
Sizes: long long: Describe length in bits of the C long long data type supported by
the hardware.
At the command line, use the following hardware implementation configuration object
parameters:
ProdLongLongMode: Specify that your C compiler supports the long long data
type. Set to true to enable ProdBitPerLongLong.
ProdBitPerLongLong: Describes the length in bits of the C long long data type
supported by the production hardware.
TargetLongLongMode: Specifies whether your C compiler supports the long long
data type. Set to true to enable TargetBitPerLongLong.
TargetBitPerLongLong: Describes the length in bits of the C long long data type
supported by the test hardware.
For more information, see the class reference information for
coder.HardwareImplementation.
Change to passing structures by reference

In R2013b, the option to pass structures by reference to entry-point functions in the
generated code applies to function outputs and function inputs. In R2013a, this option
applied only to inputs to entry-point functions.
If you select the pass structures by reference option, and a MATLAB entry-point function
has a single output that is a structure, the generated C function signature in R2013b
4-5
R2013b
differs from the signature in R2013a. In R2013a, the generated C function returns
the output structure. In R2013b, the output structure is a pass by reference function
parameter.
If you have code that calls one of these functions generated in R2013a, and then you
generate the function in R2013b, you must change the call to the function. For example,
suppose S is a structure in the following MATLAB function foo.
function S = foo()
If you generate this function in R2013a, you call the function this way:
S = foo();
If you generate this function in R2013b, you call the function this way:
foo(&S);
coder.runTest new syntax

Use the syntax coder.runTest(test_fcn, MEX_name_ext) to run test_fcn
replacing calls to entry-point functions with calls to the corresponding MEX functions in
the MEX file named MEX_name_ext. MEX_name_ext includes the platform-specific file
extension. See coder.runTest.
coder.target syntax change

The new syntax for coder.target is:
tf = coder.target('target')
For example, coder.target('MATLAB') returns true when code is running in

MATLAB. See coder.target.
You can use the old syntax, but consider changing to the new syntax. The old syntax will
be removed in a future release.
Changes for complex values with imaginary part equal to zero

In R2013b, complex values with an imaginary part equal to zero become real when:
They are returned by a MEX function.
4-6
They are passed to an extrinsic function.

See Expressions With Complex Operands Yield Complex Results.
MEX functions generated in R2013b return a real value when a complex result has an
imaginary part equal to zero. MEX functions generated prior to R2013b return a complex
value when a complex result has an imaginary part equal to zero.
In R2013b, complex values with imaginary part equal to zero become real when passed to
an extrinsic function. In previous releases, they remain complex.
Subfolder for code generation interface files

Previously, interface files for MEX code generation appeared in the code generation
output folder. In R2013b, these interface files have the prefix _coder, appear in a
subfolder named interface, and appear for all code generation output types.
Support for LCC compiler on Windows 64-bit machines

The LCC-win64 compiler is shipping with MATLAB Coder for Microsoft Windows 64bit machines. For Windows 64-bit machines that do not have a third-party compiler
installed, MEX code generation uses LCC by default.
You cannot use LCC for code generation of C/C++ static libraries, C/C++ dynamic
libraries, or C/C++ executables. For these output types, you must install a compiler. See
http://www.mathworks.com/support/compilers/current_release/.
Fixed-Point conversion enhancements

These capabilities require a Fixed-Point Designer license.
Fixed-Point conversion option for codegen
You can now convert floating-point MATLAB code to fixed-point code, and then generate
C/C++ code at the command line using the option -float2fixed with the codegen
command. See codegen and Convert Floating-Point MATLAB Code to Fixed-Point C Code
Using codegen.
4-7
R2013b
Fixed-point conversion using derived ranges on Mac platforms

You can now convert floating-point MATLAB code to fixed-point C code using the FixedPoint Conversion tool in MATLAB Coder projects on Mac platforms.
For more information, see Automated Fixed-Point Conversion and Propose Fixed-Point
Data Types Based on Derived Ranges.
Derived ranges for complex variables in MATLAB Coder projects
Using the Fixed-Point Conversion tool in MATLAB Coder projects, you can derive ranges
for complex variables. For more information, see Propose Fixed-Point Data Types Based
on Derived Ranges
Fixed-point conversion workflow supports designs that use enumerated types
Using the Fixed-Point Conversion tool in MATLAB Coder projects, you can propose data
types for enumerated data types using derived and simulation ranges.
For more information, see Propose Fixed-Point Data Types Based on Derived Ranges and
Propose Fixed-Point Data Types Based on Simulation Ranges.
Fixed-point conversion of variable-size data using simulation ranges
Using the Fixed-Point Conversion tool in MATLAB Coder projects, you can propose data
types for variable-size data using simulation ranges.
For more information, see Propose Fixed-Point Data Types Based on Simulation Ranges.
Fixed-point conversion test file coverage results
The Fixed-Point Conversion tool now provides test file coverage results. After simulating
your design using a test file, the tool provides an indication of how often the code is
executed. If you run multiple test files at once, the tool provides the cumulative coverage.
This information helps you determine the completeness of your test files and verify that
they are exercising the full operating range of your algorithm. The completeness of the
test file directly affects the quality of the proposed fixed-point types.
For more information, see Code Coverage.
4-8

documentation.
4-9
R2013a
Version: 2.4
New Features
Bug Fixes
R2013a
Automatic fixed-point conversion during code generation (with FixedPoint Designer)

You can now convert floating-point MATLAB code to fixed-point C code using the fixedpoint conversion capability in MATLAB Coder projects. You can choose to propose data
types based on simulation range data, static range data, or both.
Note: You must have a Fixed-Point Designer license.
During fixed-point conversion, you can:
Propose fraction lengths based on default word lengths.
Propose word lengths based on default fraction lengths.
Optimize whole numbers.
Specify safety margins for simulation min/max data.
Validate that you can build your project with the proposed data types.
Test numerics by running the test file with the fixed-point types applied.
View a histogram of bits used by each variable.
For more information, see Propose Fixed-Point Data Types Based on Simulation Ranges
and Propose Fixed-Point Data Types Based on Derived Ranges.
File I/O function support

The following file I/O functions are now supported for code generation:
fclose
fopen
fprintf
To view implementation details, see Functions Supported for Code Generation
Alphabetical List.
5-2
Support for nonpersistent handle objects

You can now generate code for local variables that contain references to handle objects
or System objects. In previous releases, generating code for these objects was limited to
objects assigned to persistent variables.
Structures passed by reference to entry-point functions

You can now specify to pass structures by reference to entry-point functions in the
generated code. This optimization is available for standalone code generation only; it is
not available for MEX functions. Passing structures by reference reduces the number of
copies at entry-point function boundaries in your generated code. It does not affect how
structures are passed to functions other than entry-point functions.
To pass structures by reference:
In a project, on the Project Settings dialog box All Settings tab, under Advanced,
set Pass structures by reference to entry-point functions to Yes.
At the command line, create a code generation configuration object and set the
PassStructByReference parameter to true. For example:
cfg = coder.config('lib');
cfg.PassStructByReference=true;
Include custom C header files from MATLAB code

The coder.cinclude function allows you to specify in your MATLAB code which
custom C header files to include in the generated C code. Each header file that you
specify using coder.cinclude is included in every C/C++ file generated from your
MATLAB code. You can specify whether the #include statement uses double quotes for
application header files or angle brackets for system header files in the generated code.
For example, the following code for function foo specifies to include the application
header file mystruct.h in the generated code using double quotes.
function y = foo(x1, x2)
%#codegen
coder.cinclude('mystruct.h');
...
5-3
R2013a
For more information, see coder.cinclude.
Load from MAT-files

MATLAB Coder now supports a subset of the load function for loading run-time
values from a MAT-file while running a MEX function. It also provides a new function,
coder.load, for loading compile-time constants when generating MEX or standalone
code. This support facilitates code generation from MATLAB code that uses load to load
constants into a function. You no longer have to manually type in constants that were
stored in a MAT-file.
To view implementation details for the load function, see Functions Supported for Code
Generation Alphabetical List.
For more information, see coder.load.
coder.opaque function enhancements

When you use coder.opaque to declare a variable in the generated C code, you can now
also specify the header file that defines the type of the variable. Specifying the location
of the header file helps to avoid compilation errors because the MATLAB Coder software
can find the type definition more easily.
You can now compare coder.opaque variables of the same type. This capability helps
you verify, for example, whether an fopen command succeeded.
null = coder.opaque('FILE*','NULL','HeaderFile','stdio.h');
ftmp = null;
ftmp = coder.ceval('fopen',fname,permission);
if ftmp == null
% Error - file open failed
end
For more information, see coder.opaque.
Automatic regeneration of MEX functions in projects

When you run a test file from a MATLAB Coder project to verify the behavior of the
generated MEX function, the project now detects when to rebuild the MEX function.
MATLAB Coder rebuilds the MEX function only if you have modified the original
5-4
MATLAB algorithm since the previous build, saving you time during the verification
phase.
MEX function signatures include constant inputs

When you generate a MEX function for a MATLAB function that takes constant inputs,
by default, the MEX function signature now contains the constant inputs. If you are
verifying your MEX function in a project, this behavior allows you to use the same test
file to run the original MATLAB algorithm and the MEX function.
In previous releases, MATLAB Coder removed the constants from the MEX function
signature. To use these existing scripts with MEX functions generated using R2013a
software, do one of the following:
Update the scripts so that they no longer remove the constants.
Configure MATLAB Coder to remove the constant values from the MEX function
signature.
To configure MATLAB Coder to remove the constant values:
In a project, on the Project Settings dialog box All Settings tab, under Advanced,
set Constant Inputs to Remove from MEX signature.
At the command line, create a code generation configuration object, and, set the
ConstantInputs parameter to 'Remove'. For example:
cfg = coder.config;
cfg.ConstantInputs='Remove';
Custom toolchain registration

MATLAB Coder software enables you to register third-party software build tools for
creating executables and libraries.
The software automatically detects supported tool chains on your system.
You can manage and customize multiple tool chain definitions.
Before generating code, you can select any one of the definitions using a drop-down
list.
5-5
R2013a
The software generates simplified makefiles for improved readability.

For more information:
See Custom Toolchain Registration.
See the Adding a Custom Toolchain example.
If you open a MATLAB Coder project or use a code generation configuration object from
R2012b, the current version of MATLAB Coder software automatically tries to use the
toolchain approach. If an existing project or configuration object does not use default
target makefile settings, MATLAB Coder might not be able to upgrade to use a toolchain
approach and will emit a warning. For more information, see Project or Configuration is
Using the Template Makefile.
Complex trigonometric functions

Code generation support has been added for complex acosD, acotD, acscD, asecD, asinD,
atanD, cosD, cscD, cotD, secD, sinD, and tanD functions.
parfor function reduction improvements and C support

When generating MEX functions for parfor-loops, you can now use intersect and
union as reduction functions, and the following reductions are now supported:
Concatenations
Arrays
Function handles
By default, when MATLAB Coder generates a MEX function for MATLAB code that
contains a parfor-loop, MATLAB Coder no longer requires C++ and now honors the
target language setting.
Support for integers in number theory functions

Code generation supports integer inputs for the following number theory functions:
cumprod
5-6
cumsum
factor
factorial
gcd
isprime
lcm
median
mode
nchoosek
nextpow2
primes
prod
Alphabetical List.
Enhanced support for class property initial values

If you initialize a class property, you can now assign a different type to the property
when you use the class. For example, class foo has a property prop1 of type double.
classdef foo %#codegen
properties
prop1= 0;
end
methods
...
end
end
Function bar assigns a different type to prop1.

fumction bar %#codegen
f=foo;
f.prop1=single(0);
...
In R2013a, MATLAB Coder ignores the initial property definition and uses the
reassigned type. In previous releases, MATLAB Coder did not support this reassignment
and code generation failed.
5-7
R2013a
In previous releases, if the reassigned property had the same type as the initial value
but a different size, the property became variable-size in the generated code. In R2013a,
MATLAB Coder uses the size of the reassigned property, and the size is fixed. If you
have existing MATLAB code that relies on the property being variable-size, you cannot
generate code for this code in R2013a. To fix this issue, do not initialize the property in
the property definition block.
For example, you can no longer generate code for the following function bar.
Class foo has a property prop1 which is a scalar double.
classdef foo %#codegen
properties
prop1= 0;
end
methods
...
end
end
Function bar changes the size of prop1.

fumction bar %#codegen
f=foo;
f.prop1=[1 2 3];
% Use f
disp(f.prop1);
f.prop1=[1 2 3 4 5 6 ];
Optimized generated code for x=[x c] when x is a vector

MATLAB Coder now generates more optimized code for the expression x=[x c], if:
x is a row or column vector.
x is not in c.
x is not aliased.
There are no function calls in c.
In previous releases, the generated code contained multiple copies of x. In R2013a, it
does not contain multiple copies of x.
5-8
This enhancement reduces code size and execution time. It also improves code
readability.
Default use of Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) libraries

MATLAB Coder now uses BLAS libraries whenever they are available. There is no longer
an option to turn off the use of these libraries.
If existing configuration settings disable BLAS, MATLAB Coder now ignores these
settings.
Changes to compiler support

MATLAB Coder supports these new compilers.
On Microsoft Windows platforms, Visual C++ 11.
On Mac OS X platforms, Apple Xcode 4.2 with Clang.
MATLAB Coder no longer supports the gcc compiler on Mac OS X platforms.
MATLAB Coder no longer supports Watcom for standalone code generation. Watcom is
still supported for building MEX functions.
Because Clang is the only compiler supported on Mac OS X platforms, and Clang does
not support Open MP, parfor is no longer supported on Mac OS X platforms.
MATLAB Coder no longer supports Watcom for standalone code generation.
Use Watcom only for building MEX functions. Use an alternative compiler for
standalone code generation. For a list of supported compilers, see http://
www.mathworks.com/support/compilers/current_release/.
New toolbox functions supported for code generation

Alphabetical List.
5-9
R2013a
Bitwise Operation Functions

flintmax
Computer Vision System Toolbox Classes and Functions
binaryFeatures
insertMarker
insertShape
Data File and Management Functions
computer
fclose
fopen
fprintf
load
Image Processing Toolbox Functions
conndef
imcomplement
imfill
imhmax
imhmin
imreconstruct
imregionalmax
imregionalmin
iptcheckconn
padarray
Interpolation and Computational Geometry
interp2
MATLAB Desktop Environment Functions
ismac
5-10
ispc
isunix
Functions being removed

These functions have been removed from MATLAB Coder software.
Function Name
What Happens When You Use This

Function?
emlc
Errors in R2013a.
emlmex
Errors in R2013a.
emlc and emlmex have been removed. Use codegen instead. If you have existing code
that calls emlc or emlmex, use coder.upgrade to help convert your code to the new
syntax.
5-11
R2013a

documentation.
5-12
R2012b
Version: 2.3
New Features
Bug Fixes
R2012b
parfor function support for MEX code generation, enabling execution

on multiple cores
You can use MATLAB Coder software to generate MEX functions from MATLAB code
that contains parfor-loops. The generated MEX functions can run on multiple cores on
a desktop. For more information, see parfor and Acceleration of MATLAB Algorithms
Using Parallel for-loops (parfor).
Code generation readiness tool

The code generation readiness tool screens MATLAB code for features and functions that
are not supported for code generation. The tool provides a report that lists the source files
that contain unsupported features and functions and an indication of how much work is
needed to make the MATLAB code suitable for code generation.
For more information, see coder.screener and Code Generation Readiness Tool.
Reduced data copies and lightweight run-time checks for generated MEX
functions
MATLAB Coder now eliminates data copies for built-in, non-complex data types. It also
performs faster bounds checks. These enhancements result in faster generated MEX
functions.
Additional string function support for code generation

The following string functions are now supported for code generation. To view
implementation details, see Functions Supported for Code Generation Alphabetical
List.
deblank
hex2num
isletter
isspace
isstrprop
lower
6-2
num2hex
strcmpi
strjust
strncmp
strncmpi
strtok
strtrim
upper
Visualization functions in generated MEX functions

The MATLAB Coder software now detects calls to many common visualization
functions, such as plot, disp, and figure. For MEX code generation, MATLAB
Coder automatically calls out to MATLAB for these functions. For standalone code
generation, MATLAB Coder does not generate code for these visualization functions. This
capability reduces the amount of time that you spend making your code suitable for code
generation. It also removes the requirement to declare these functions extrinsic using the
coder.extrinsic function.
Input parameter type specification enhancements

The updated project user interface facilitates input parameter type specification.
6-3
R2012b
Project import and export capability

You can now export project settings to a configuration object stored as a variable in the
base workspace. You can then use the configuration object to import the settings into
a different project or to generate code at the command line with the codegen function.
This capability allows you to:
Share settings between the project and command-line workflow
Share settings between multiple projects
Standardize on settings for code generation projects
For more information, see Share Build Configuration Settings.
6-4
Package generated code in zip file for relocation

The packNGo function packages generated code files into a compressed zip file so that
you can relocate, unpack, and rebuild them in another development environment. This
capability is useful if you want to relocate files so that you can recompile them for a
specific target environment or rebuild them in a development environment in which
MATLAB is not installed.
For more information, see Package Code For Use in Another Development Environment.
Fixed-point instrumentation and data type proposals

MATLAB Coder projects provide the following fixed-point conversion support:
Option to generate instrumented MEX functions
Use of instrumented MEX functions to provide simulation minimum and maximum
results
Fixed-point data type proposals based on simulation minimum and maximum values
Option to propose fraction lengths or word lengths
You can use these proposed fixed-point data types to create a fixed-point version of your
original MATLAB entry-point function.
Note: Requires a Fixed-Point Toolbox license.
For more information, see Fixed-Point Conversion.
New toolbox functions supported for code generation

Alphabetical List.
integralImage
bwlookup
6-5
R2012b
bwmorph
Interpolation and Computational Geometry
interp2
Trigonometric Functions
atan2d
New System objects supported for code generation

The following System objects are now supported for code generation. To see the list of
System objects supported for code generation, see System Objects Supported for Code
Generation.
comm.ACPR
comm.BCHDecoder
comm.CCDF
comm.CPMCarrierPhaseSynchronizer
comm.GoldSequence
comm.LDPCDecoder
comm.LDPCEncoder
comm.LTEMIMOChannel
comm.MemorylessNonlinearity
comm.MIMOChannel
comm.PhaseNoise
comm.PSKCarrierPhaseSynchronizer
comm.RSDecoder
DSP System Toolbox
dsp.AllpoleFilter
dsp.CICDecimator
dsp.CICInterpolator
6-6
dsp.IIRFilter
dsp.SignalSource
6-7
R2012b

documentation.
6-8
R2012a
Version: 2.2
New Features
R2012a
Code Generation for MATLAB Classes

In R2012a, there is preliminary support for code generation for MATLAB classes
targeted at supporting System objects defined by users. For more information about
generating code for MATLAB classes, see Code Generation for MATLAB Classes.
For more information about generating code for System objects, see the DSP System
Toolbox, Computer Vision System Toolbox or the Communications System Toolbox
documentation.
Dynamic Memory Allocation Based on Size

By default, dynamic memory allocation is now enabled for variable-size arrays whose
size exceeds a configurable threshold. This behavior allows for finer control over stack
memory usage. Also, you can generate code automatically for more MATLAB algorithms
without modifying the original MATLAB code.
If you use scripts to generate code and you do not want to use dynamic memory
allocation, you must disable it. For more information, see Controlling Dynamic Memory
Allocation.
C/C++ Dynamic Library Generation

You can now use MATLAB Coder to build a dynamically linked library (DLL) from
the generated C code. These libraries are useful for integrating into existing software
solutions that expect dynamically linked libraries.
For more information, see Generating C/C++ Dynamically Linked Libraries from
MATLAB Code.
Automatic Definition of Input Parameter Types

MATLAB Coder software can now automatically define input parameter types by
inferring these types from test files that you supply. This capability facilitates input type
definition and reduces the risk of introducing errors when defining types manually.
To learn more about automatically defining types:
7-2
In MATLAB Coder projects, see Autodefining Input Types.

At the command line, see the coder.getArgTypes function reference pagehttp://
www.mathworks.com/help/releases/R2012a/toolbox/coder/ref/coder.getargtypes.html.
Verification of MEX Functions

MATLAB Coder now provides support for test files to verify the operation of generated
MEX functions. This capability enables you to verify that the MEX function is
functionally equivalent to your original MATLAB code and to check for run-time errors.
To learn more about verifying MEX function behavior:
In MATLAB Coder projects, see How to Verify MEX Functions in a Project.
At the command line, see the coder.runTest function reference pagehttp://
www.mathworks.com/help/releases/R2012a/toolbox/coder/ref/coder.runtest.html.
Enhanced Project Settings Dialog Box

The Project Settings dialog box now groups configuration parameters so that you can
easily identify the parameters associated with code generation objectives such as speed,
memory, and code appearance. The dialog boxes for code generation configuration objects,
coder.MexCodeConfig, coder.CodeConfig, and coder.EmbeddedCodeConfig, also
use the same new groupings.
To view the updated Project Settings dialog box:
1
In a project, click the Build tab.
On the Build tab, click the More settings link to open the Project Settings dialog
box.
For information about the parameters on each tab, click the Help button.
To view the updated dialog boxes for the code generation configuration objects:
1
At the MATLAB command line, create a configuration object. For example, create a
configuration object for MEX code generation.
mex_cfg = coder.config;
Open the dialog box for this object.

7-3
R2012a
open mex_cfg
For information about the parameters on each tab, click the Help button.
Projects Infer Input Types from assert Statements in Source Code

MATLAB Coder projects can now infer input data types from assert statements that
define the properties of function inputs in your MATLAB entry-point files. For more
information, see Defining Inputs Programmatically in the MATLAB File.
Code Generation from MATLAB

For details about new toolbox functions and System objects supported for code
generation, see the Code Generation from MATLAB Release Notes.
New Demo
The following demo has been added:
7-4
Demo...
Shows How You Can...
coderdemo_reverb
Generate a MEX function for an algorithm that uses

MATLAB classes.

documentation.
7-5
R2011b
Version: 2.1
New Features
R2011b
Support for Deletion of Rows and Columns from Matrices

You can now generate C/C++ code from MATLAB code that deletes rows or columns from
matrices. For example, the following code deletes the second column of matrix X:
X(:,2) = [];
For more information, see Diminishing the Size of a Matrix in the MATLAB
documentation.
Code Generation from MATLAB

For details of new toolbox functions and System objects supported for code generation,
see Code Generation from MATLAB Release Notes.
8-2

documentation.
8-3
R2011a
Version: 2.0
New Features
R2011a
New User Interface for Managing Projects

The new MATLAB Coder user interface simplifies the MATLAB to C/C++ code
generation process. Using this user interface, you can:
Specify the MATLAB files from which you want to generate code
Specify the data types for the inputs to these MATLAB files
Select an output type:
MEX function
C/C++ Static Library
C/C++ Executable
Configure build settings to customize your environment for code generation
Open the code generation report to view build status, generated code, and compiletime information for the variables and expressions in your MATLAB code
To Get Started
You launch a MATLAB Coder project by doing one of the following:
From the MATLAB main menu, select File > New > Code Generation Project
Enter coder at the MATLAB command line
To learn more about working with MATLAB Coder, see Generating C Code from
MATLAB Code Using the MATLAB Coder Project Interface.
Migrating from Real-Time Workshop emlc Function

In MATLAB Coder, the codegen function replaces emlc with the following differences:
New codegen Options
Old emlc Option
New codegen Option
-eg
-args
emlcoder.egc
coder.Constant
emlcoder.egs
coder.typeof(a,b,1) specifies a variablesize input with the same class and complexity
9-2
Old emlc Option
New codegen Option

as a and same size and upper bounds as the size
vector b.
Creates coder.Type objects for use with the
codegen -args option. For more information,
see coder.typeof.
-F
Nocodegen option available. Instead, use the

default fimath. For more information, see the
Fixed-Point Toolbox documentation.
-global
-globals
Note: -global continues to work with codegen
-N
This option is no longer supported. Instead, set

up numerictype in MATLAB.
-s
-config
Use with the new configuration objects, see
New Code Generation Configuration Objects
on page 9-4.
-T rtw:exe
-config:exe
Use this option to generate a C/C++ executable
using default build options. Otherwise,
use -config with a coder.CodeConfig or
coder.EmbeddedCodeConfig configuration object.
-T mex
-config:mex
Use this option to generate a MEX function
using default build options. Otherwise,
use -config with a coder.MexCodeConfig
configuration object.
9-3
R2011a
Old emlc Option
New codegen Option
-T rtw
-T rtw:lib
-config:lib
Use either of these options to generate a C/C++
library using default build options. Otherwise,
use -config with a coder.CodeConfig or
coder.EmbeddedCodeConfig configuration object.
New Code Generation Configuration Objects

The codegen function uses new configuration objects that replace the old emlc objects
with the following differences:
Old emlc Configuration Object
New codegen Configuration Object
emlcoder.MEXConfig
coder.MexCodeConfig
emlcoder.RTWConfig
coder.CodeConfig
emlcoder.RTWConfig('grt')
The SupportNonFinite property is now available without an
Embedded Coder license.
The following property names have changed:
RTWCompilerOptimization is now
CCompilerOptimization
RTWCustomCompilerOptimization is now
CCustomCompilerOptimization
RTWVerbose is now Verbose
emlcoder.RTWConfig('ert')coder.EmbeddedCodeConfig
The following property names have changed:
MultiInstanceERTCode is now MultiInstanceCode
RTWCompilerOptimization is now
CCompilerOptimization
RTWCustomCompilerOptimization is now
CCustomCompilerOptimization
RTWVerbose is now Verbose
9-4
Old emlc Configuration Object
New codegen Configuration Object
emlcoder.
HardwareImplementation
coder.HardwareImplementation
The codegen Function Has No Default Primary Function Input Type

In previous releases, if you used the emlc function to generate code for a MATLAB
function with input parameters, and you did not specify the types of these inputs, by
default, emlc assumed that these inputs were real, scalar, doubles. In R2011a, the
codegen function does not assume a default type. You must specify at least the class of
each primary function input. For more information, see Specifying Properties of Primary
Function Inputs in a Project.
If your existing script calls emlc to generate code for a MATLAB function that has inputs
and does not specify the input types, and you migrate this script to use codegen, you
must modify the script to specify inputs.
The codegen Function Processes Compilation Options in a Different Order
In previous releases, the emlc function resolved compilation options from left to right so
that the right-most option prevailed. In R2011a, the codegen function gives precedence
to individual command-line options over options specified using a configuration object. If
command-line options conflict, the right-most option prevails.
If your existing script calls emlc specifying a configuration object as well as other
command-line options, and you migrate this script to use codegen, codegen might not
use the same configuration parameter values as emlc.
New coder.Type Classes

MATLAB Coder includes the following new classes to specify input parameter
definitions:
coder.ArrayType
9-5
R2011a
coder.Constant
coder.EnumType
coder.FiType
coder.PrimitiveType
coder.StructType
coder.Type
New coder Package Functions

The following new package functions let you work with objects and types for C/C++ code
generation:
Function
Purpose
coder.config
Create MATLAB Coder code generation

configuration objects
coder.newtype
Create a new coder.Type object
coder.resize
Resize a coder.Type object
coder.typeof
Convert a MATLAB value into its canonical

type
Script to Upgrade MATLAB Code to Use MATLAB Coder Syntax

The coder.upgrade script helps you upgrade to MATLAB Coder by searching your
MATLAB code for old commands and options and replacing them with their new
equivalents. For more information, at the MATLAB command prompt, enter help
coder.upgrade.
Embedded MATLAB Now Called Code Generation from MATLAB

MathWorks is no longer using the term Embedded MATLAB to refer to the language
subset that supports code generation from MATLAB algorithms. This nomenclature
incorrectly implies that the generated code is used in embedded systems only. The new
term is code generation from MATLAB. This terminology better reflects the full extent of
the capability for translating MATLAB algorithms into readable, efficient, and compact
MEX and C/C++ code for deployment to both desktop and embedded systems.
9-6
MATLAB Coder Uses rtwTargetInfo.m to Register Target Function Libraries

In previous releases, the emlc function also recognized the customization file,
sl_customization.m. In R2011a, the MATLAB Coder software does not recognize
this customization file, you must use rtwTargetInfo.m to register a Target Function
Library (TFL). To register a TFL, you must have Embedded Coder software. For more
information, see Use the rtwTargetInfo API to Register a CRL with MATLAB Coder
Software in the Embedded Coder documentation.
New Getting Started Tutorial Video

To learn how to generate C code from MATLAB code, see the Generating C Code from
MATLAB Code video in the MATLAB Coder Getting Started demos.
New Demos
The following demos have been added:
Demo...
Hello World
Generate and run a MEX function from a simple

MATLAB program
Working with Persistent Variables Compute the average for a set of values by using
persistent variables
Working with Structure Arrays
Shows how to build a scalar template before growing

it into a structure array, a requirement for code
generation from MATLAB.
Balls Simulation
Simulates bouncing balls and shows that you should

specify only the entry function when you compile the
application into a MEX function.
General Relativity with MATLAB Uses Einstein's theory of general relativity to

Coder
calculate geodesics in curved space-time.
Averaging Filter
Generate a standalone C library from MATLAB code

using codegen
Edge Detection on Images

that implements a Sobel filter
9-7
R2011a
Demo...
Read Text File

that uses the coder.ceval, coder.extrinsic
and coder.opaque functions.
Atoms Simulation
Generate a standalone C library and executable

from MATLAB code using a code generation
configuration object to enable dynamic memory
allocation
Replacing Math Functions and

Operators
Use target function libraries (TFLs) to replace

operators and functions in the generated code
Note: To run this demo, you need Embedded Coder
software.
Kalman Filter
Generate a standalone C library from a MATLAB

version of a Kalman filter
Accelerate the Kalman filter algorithm by
generating a MEX function
Functionality Being Removed in a Future Version

This function will be removed in a future version of MATLAB Coder software.
Function Name
What Happens When You

Use This Function?
emlc
Still runs in R2011a
None
Function Elements Being Removed in a Future Release
9-8
Function or Element Name
What Happens When You Use Use This Element Instead

the Function or Element?
%#eml
Still runs
%#codegen
eml.allowpcode
Still runs
coder.allowpcode
eml.ceval
Still runs
coder.ceval
eml.cstructname
Still runs
coder.cstructname
Function or Element Name
What Happens When You Use Use This Element Instead

the Function or Element?
eml.extrinsic
Still runs
coder.extrinsic
eml.inline
Still runs
coder.inline
eml.nullcopy
Still runs
coder.nullcopy
eml.opaque
Still runs
coder.opaque
eml.ref
Still runs
coder.ref
eml.rref
Still runs
coder.rref
eml.target
Still runs
coder.target
eml.unroll
Still runs
coder.unroll
eml.varsize
Still runs
coder.varsize
eml.wref
Still runs
coder.wref
9-9
R2011a

documentation.
9-10

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MATLAB Coder Release Notes

How to Contact MathWorks

Sales and services:

The MathWorks, Inc.

Check Bug Reports for Issues and Fixes

Generation of example C/C++ main for integration of

Better preservation of MATLAB variable names in generated

More efficient generated code for logical indexing . . . . . . . .

Code generation for additional Image Processing Toolbox

Code generation for additional Communications System

Code generation for additional Statistics and Machine

Code generation for additional MATLAB functions . . . . . . .

Code generation for additional MATLAB function options .

Conversion from project to MATLAB script using MATLAB

Improved recognition of compile-time constants . . . . . . . . .

Improved emxArray interface function generation . . . . . . . .

Code generation for casts to and from types of variables

Generation of reentrant code without an Embedded Coder

Code generation for parfor-loops with stack overflow . . . .

Change in default value of the PassStructByReference code

Change in GLOBALS variable in scripts generated from a

Target build log display for command-line code generation

Removal of instrumented MEX output type . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fixed-point conversion enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Check bug reports for issues and fixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Code generation for additional Communications System

Code generation for enumerated types based on built-in

Code generation for function handles in structures . . . . . . .

Change in enumerated type value names in generated

Code generation for ode23 and ode45 ordinary differential

Code generation for additional MATLAB functions . . . . . . .

Code generation for additional MATLAB function options .

Collapsed list for inherited properties in code generation

Change in length of exported identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Intel Performance Primitives (IPP) platform-specific

Fixed-point conversion enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Code generation for additional Image Processing Toolbox

Code generation for additional Signal Processing Toolbox,

Code generation for fminsearch optimization function and

Conversion from project to MATLAB script for command-line

Code generation for fread function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Automatic C/C++ compiler setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Compile-time declaration of constant global variables . . . . .

Enhanced code generation support for switch statements .

Code generation support for value classes with set.prop

Code generation error for property that uses AbortSet

Independent configuration selections for standard math and

Restrictions on bit length for integer types in a

Change in location of interface files in code generation

Compiler warnings in code generation report . . . . . . . . . . . .

Removal of date and time comment from generated code

Removal of two's complement guard from rtwtypes.h . . . .

Removal of TRUE and FALSE from rtwtypes.h . . . . . . . . . . .

Change to default names for structure types generated from

Toolbox functions supported for code generation . . . . . . . .

Fixed-point conversion enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Check bug reports for issues and fixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Code generation for Statistics Toolbox and Phased Array

Toolbox functions supported for code generation . . . . . . . . .