DECLARE

v_num1 NUMBER := 5;
v_num2 NUMBER := 3;
v_temp NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- if v_num1 is greater than v_num2 rearrange their values
IF v_num1 > v_num2 THEN
v_temp := v_num1;
v_num1 := v_num2;
v_num2 := v_temp;
END IF;

-- display the values of v_num1 and v_num2

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('v_num1 = '||v_num1);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('v_num2 = '||v_num2);
END;
v_num1 = 3
v_num2 = 5

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

DECLARE
v_num NUMBER := &sv_user_num;
BEGIN
-- test if the number provided by the user is even
IF MOD(v_num,2) = 0

THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_num||' is even number');

ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_num||' is odd number');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Done');
END;

Enter value for v_user_num: 24

old

2:

v_num

NUMBER := &v_user_num;

new

2:

v_num

NUMBER := 24;

24 is even number
Done

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

DECLARE
v_num1 NUMBER := 0;
v_num2 NUMBER;
BEGIN
IF v_num1 = v_num2 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('v_num1 = v_num2');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('v_num1 != v_num2');
END IF;
END;

v_num1 != v_num2

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

-- ch04_1a.sql, version 1.0

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_date DATE := TO_DATE('&sv_user_date', 'DD-MON-YYYY');
v_day

VARCHAR2(15);

BEGIN
v_day := RTRIM(TO_CHAR(v_date, 'DAY'));

IF v_day IN ('SATURDAY', 'SUNDAY') THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_date||' falls on weekend');
END IF;

-- control resumes here

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Done');
END;

Enter value for sv_user_date: 09-JAN-2007

old

2:

v_date DATE := TO_DATE('&sv_user_date', 'DD-MON-YYYY');

new

2:

v_date DATE := TO_DATE('09-JAN-2007', 'DD-MON-YYYY');

Done...

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Enter value for sv_user_date: 13-JAN-2007
old

2:

v_date DATE := TO_DATE('&sv_user_date', 'DD-MON-YYYY');

new

2:

v_date DATE := TO_DATE('13-JAN-2007', 'DD-MON-YYYY');

13-JAN-07 falls on weekend

Done...

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

-- ch04_1b.sql, version 2.0

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_date DATE := TO_DATE('&sv_user_date', 'DD-MON-YYYY');
v_day

VARCHAR2(15);

BEGIN
v_day := TO_CHAR(v_date, 'DAY');

IF v_day IN ('SATURDAY', 'SUNDAY') THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_date||' falls on weekend');
END IF;

--- control resumes here

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Done');
END;

Enter value for sv_user_date: 14-JAN-2007

old

2:

v_date DATE := TO_DATE('&sv_user_date', 'DD-MON-YYYY');

new

2:

v_date DATE := TO_DATE('14-JAN-2007', 'DD-MON-YYYY');

Done...

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

-- ch04_1c.sql, version 3.0

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_date DATE := TO_DATE('&sv_user_date', 'DD-MON-YYYY');
v_day

VARCHAR2(15);

BEGIN
v_day := RTRIM(TO_CHAR(v_date, 'DAY'));

IF v_day LIKE 'S%' THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_date||' falls on weekend');
END IF;

-- control resumes here

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Done');
END;

-- ch04_1d.sql, version 4.0

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_date DATE := TO_DATE('&sv_user_date', 'DD-MON-YYYY');
v_day

VARCHAR2(15);

BEGIN
v_day := RTRIM(TO_CHAR(v_date, 'DAY'));

IF v_day IN ('SATURDAY', 'SUNDAY') THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_date||' falls on weekend');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_date||' does not fall on the weekend');
END IF;

-- control resumes here

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Done');
END;

-- ch04_2a.sql, version 1.0

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_total NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*)
INTO v_total
FROM enrollment e
JOIN section s USING (section_id)
WHERE s.course_no = 25
AND s.section_no = 1;

-- check if section 1 of course 25 is full

IF v_total >= 15 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Section 1 of course 25 is full');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Section 1 of course 25 is not full');
END IF;
-- control resumes here
END;
-- ch04_2b.sql, version 2.0
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON

DECLARE
v_total

NUMBER;

v_course_no

CHAR(6) := '&sv_course_no';

v_section_no NUMBER

:= &sv_section_no;

BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*)
INTO v_total
FROM enrollment e
JOIN section s USING (section_id)
WHERE s.course_no = v_course_no
AND s.section_no = v_section_no;

-- check if a specific section of a course is full

IF v_total >= 15 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Section 1 of course 25 is full');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Section 1 of course 25 is not full');
END IF;
-- control resumes here
END;

-- ch04_2c.sql, version 3.0

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_total NUMBER;
v_students NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*)

INTO v_total
FROM enrollment e
JOIN section s USING (section_id)
WHERE s.course_no = 25
AND s.section_no = 1;

-- check if section 1 of course 25 is full

IF v_total >= 15 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Section 1 of course 25 is full');
ELSE
v_students := 15 - v_total;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_students||' students can still enroll'||
' into section 1 of course 25');
END IF;
-- control resumes here
END;

DECLARE
v_num NUMBER := &sv_num;
BEGIN
IF v_num < 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_num||' is a negative number');
ELSIF v_num = 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_num||' is equal to zero');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_num||' is a positive number');
END IF;

END;

Enter value for sv_num: 5

old

2:

v_num

NUMBER := &sv_num;

new

2:

v_num

NUMBER := 5;

5 is a positive number

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

DECLARE
v_num NUMBER := &sv_num;
BEGIN
IF v_num < 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_num||' is a negative number');
ELSIF v_num > 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_num||' is a positive number');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Done');
END;

Enter value for sv_num: 0

old

2:

v_num

NUMBER := &sv_num;

new

2:

v_num

NUMBER := 0;

Done

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

-- ch04_3a.sql, version 1.0

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_student_id

NUMBER := 102;

v_section_id

NUMBER := 89;

v_final_grade

NUMBER;

v_letter_grade CHAR(1);
BEGIN
SELECT final_grade
INTO v_final_grade
FROM enrollment
WHERE student_id = v_student_id
AND section_id = v_section_id;

IF v_final_grade BETWEEN 90 AND 100 THEN

v_letter_grade := 'A';
ELSIF v_final_grade BETWEEN 80 AND 89 THEN
v_letter_grade := 'B';
ELSIF v_final_grade BETWEEN 70 AND 79 THEN
v_letter_grade := 'C';
ELSIF v_final_grade BETWEEN 60 AND 69 THEN
v_letter_grade := 'D';
ELSE
v_letter_grade := 'F';
END IF;

-- control resumes here

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Letter grade is: '||

v_letter_grade);
END;

-- ch04_3b.sql, version 2.0

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_student_id

NUMBER := 102;

v_section_id

NUMBER := 89;

v_final_grade

NUMBER;

v_letter_grade CHAR(1);
BEGIN
SELECT final_grade
INTO v_final_grade
FROM enrollment
WHERE student_id = v_student_id
AND section_id = v_section_id;

IF v_final_grade IS NULL THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('v_final_grade is null');
ELSIF v_final_grade BETWEEN 90 AND 100 THEN
v_letter_grade := 'A';
ELSIF v_final_grade BETWEEN 80 AND 89 THEN
v_letter_grade := 'B';
ELSIF v_final_grade BETWEEN 70 AND 79 THEN
v_letter_grade := 'C';
ELSIF v_final_grade BETWEEN 60 AND 69 THEN
v_letter_grade := 'D';
ELSE

v_letter_grade := 'F';
END IF;

-- control resumes here

-DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Letter grade is: '||
v_letter_grade);
END;

-- ch04_3c.sql, version 3.0

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_student_id

NUMBER := &sv_student_id;

v_section_id

NUMBER := &sv_section_id;

v_final_grade

NUMBER;

v_letter_grade CHAR(1);
BEGIN
SELECT final_grade
INTO v_final_grade
FROM enrollment
WHERE student_id = v_student_id
AND section_id = v_section_id;

IF v_final_grade BETWEEN 90 AND 100 THEN

v_letter_grade := 'A';
ELSIF v_final_grade BETWEEN 80 AND 89 THEN
v_letter_grade := 'B';
ELSIF v_final_grade BETWEEN 70 AND 79 THEN
v_letter_grade := 'C';
ELSIF v_final_grade BETWEEN 60 AND 69 THEN

v_letter_grade := 'D';
ELSE
v_letter_grade := 'F';
END IF;

-- control resumes here

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Letter grade is: '||
v_letter_grade);
END;

-- ch04_3d.sql, version 4.0

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_student_id

NUMBER := 102;

v_section_id

NUMBER := 89;

v_final_grade

NUMBER;

v_letter_grade CHAR(1);
BEGIN
SELECT final_grade
INTO v_final_grade
FROM enrollment
WHERE student_id = v_student_id
AND section_id = v_section_id;

IF v_final_grade >= 90 THEN

v_letter_grade := 'A';
ELSIF v_final_grade >= 80 THEN
v_letter_grade := 'B';
ELSIF v_final_grade >= 70 THEN

v_letter_grade := 'C';
ELSIF v_final_grade >= 60 THEN
v_letter_grade := 'D';
ELSE
v_letter_grade := 'F';
END IF;

--- control resumes here

-DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Letter grade is: '||
v_letter_grade);
END;

DECLARE
v_num1 NUMBER := &sv_num1;
v_num2 NUMBER := &sv_num2;
v_total NUMBER;
BEGIN
IF v_num1 > v_num2 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('IF part of the outer IF');
v_total := v_num1 - v_num2;
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('ELSE part of the outer IF');
v_total := v_num1 + v_num2;

IF v_total < 0 THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Inner IF');
v_total := v_total * (-1);
END IF;

END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('v_total = '||v_total);
END;

Enter value for sv_num1: -4

old

2:

v_num1

NUMBER := &sv_num1;

new

2:

v_num1

NUMBER := -4;

Enter value for sv_num2: 3

old

3:

v_num2

NUMBER := &sv_num2;

new

3:

v_num2

NUMBER := 3;

ELSE part of the outer IF

Inner IF
v_total = 1

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

DECLARE
v_letter CHAR(1) := '&sv_letter';
BEGIN
IF (v_letter >= 'A' AND v_letter <= 'Z') OR
(v_letter >= 'a' AND v_letter <= 'z')
THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('This is a letter');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('This is not a letter');

IF v_letter BETWEEN '0' and '9' THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('This is a number');

ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('This is not a number');
END IF;

END IF;
END;

Enter value for sv_letter: ?

old

2:

v_letter CHAR(1) := '&sv_letter';

new

2:

v_letter CHAR(1) := '?';

This is not a letter

This is not a number

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

-- ch04_4a.sql, version 1.0

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_temp_in

NUMBER := &sv_temp_in;

v_scale_in

CHAR

v_temp_out

NUMBER;

:= '&sv_scale_in';

v_scale_out CHAR;
BEGIN
IF v_scale_in != 'C' AND v_scale_in != 'F' THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('This is not a valid scale');
ELSE
IF v_scale_in = 'C' THEN

v_temp_out

:= ( (9 * v_temp_in) / 5 ) + 32;

v_scale_out := 'F';
ELSE
v_temp_out

:= ( (v_temp_in 32) * 5 ) / 9;

v_scale_out := 'C';
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('New scale is: '||v_scale_out);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('New temperature is: '||v_temp_out);
END IF;
END;

Enter value for sv_temp_in: 100

old

2:

v_temp_in

NUMBER := &sv_temp_in;

new

2:

v_temp_in

NUMBER := 100;

Enter value for sv_scale_in: C

old

3:

v_scale_in

CHAR := '&sv_scale_in';

new

3:

v_scale_in

CHAR := 'C';

New scale is: F

New temperature is: 212

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Enter value for sv_temp_in:

old

2:

v_temp_in

NUMBER := &sv_temp_in;

new

2:

v_temp_in

NUMBER := ;

Enter value for sv_scale_in: C

old

3:

v_scale_in

CHAR := '&sv_scale_in';

new

3:

v_scale_in

CHAR := 'C';

v_temp_in

NUMBER := ;
*

ERROR at line 2:
ORA-06550: line 2, column 27:
-PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol ";" when expecting one of the
following:
( - + mod not null <an identifier>
<a double-quoted delimited-identifier> <a bind variable> avg
count current exists max min prior sql stddev sum variance
cast <a string literal with character set specification>
<a number> <a single-quoted SQL string>
The symbol "null" was substituted for ";" to continue.

Enter value for sv_temp_in: 45

old

2:

v_temp_in

NUMBER := &sv_temp_in;

new

2:

v_temp_in

NUMBER := 45;

Enter value for sv_scale_in: V

old

3:

v_scale_in

CHAR := '&sv_scale_in';

new

3:

v_scale_in

CHAR := 'V';

This is not a valid scale

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

-- ch04_4b.sql, version 2.0

DECLARE
v_temp_in

NUMBER := &sv_temp_in;

v_scale_in

CHAR

v_temp_out

NUMBER;

v_scale_out CHAR;

:= '&sv_scale_in';

BEGIN
IF v_scale_in != 'C' AND v_scale_in != 'F' THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('This is not a valid scale');
v_temp_out

:= 0;

v_scale_out := 'C';
ELSE
IF v_scale_in = 'C' THEN
v_temp_out

:= ( (9 * v_temp_in) / 5 ) + 32;

v_scale_out := 'F';
ELSE
v_temp_out

:= ( (v_temp_in - 32) * 5 ) / 9;

v_scale_out := 'C';
END IF;
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('New scale is: '||v_scale_out);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('New temperature is: '||v_temp_out);
END;

Enter value for sv_temp_in: 100

old

2:

v_temp_in

NUMBER := &sv_temp_in;

new

2:

v_temp_in

NUMBER := 100;

Enter value for sv_scale_in: V

old

3:

v_scale_in

CHAR := '&sv_scale_in';

new

3:

v_scale_in

CHAR := 'V';

This is not a valid scale.

New scale is: C
New temperature is: 0

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.