2008-11 Workshop EE-Sao Paulo Manuskript 01-Fv

Workshop
Renewable Energy
and Recovering of Energy
in Architecture and Construction
Sao Paulo
November 10 th -12 th 2008
Rolf C. Buschmann
Prof. Aux. UCLV
The demand for energy in the world has experienced a sudden increase in the developing
regions, particularly in Asia, and predictions are that in 2030, it will increase by 66% compared to
demand in 2000. The Asian region (excluding Japan) will account for almost 40% of that growth.
While the ratio of demand for energy in the world will decrease among the OECD nations from
59% in 2000 to 47% in 2030, the level of demand among countries in the Asian region will rise
during the same period from 20% to 27%.
Source: IEA/World Energy Outlook
Total energy demand
other sources of energy
The sun is the primary source for most forms of

energy found on Earth. Solar energy is clean,
abundant, widespread, and renewable. Various
technologies capture this solar energy,
concentrate it, store it, and convert it into other
useful forms of energy:
Low-grade thermal energy for heating

our homes and businesses
Medium-grade thermal energy for
running some industrial processes
High-grade thermal energy for driving
turbines to generate electricity
Electrical energy, converted directly
from sunlight, to provide electricity for
all of its myriad applications and even
Chemical energy in hydrogen (via
water splitting using photovoltaic or
thermo chemical processes to split
water), for use in fuel cells and a broad
range of electrical, heating, and
transportation applications.
Solar energy technologies have great potential

to benefit national economy. They can diversify
our energy supply, reduce our dependence on
imported fuels, improve the quality of the air we
breathe, offset greenhouse gas emissions, and
stimulate our economy by creating jobs in the
manufacturing and installation of solar energy
systems.
wind and solar energy
The annual solar radiation per m is equivalent

to an energy content of 100 l (in middle latitudes)
to 230 l (in desert districts) of heating oil.
Degree of utilization, solar fraction and costs of

available solar heat, in solar installations of
different sizes and constant consumption
(average component quality).
Energy efficient buildings happen by design.

Through solar building methods a huge amount
of energy can be saved. Passive Solar Design
(windows facing south, heat insulation, etc.)
alone has the potential to save up to 90 % in
the cost of Heating, while the remaining heat
can be produced using solar collectors.
Coordination between architects and solar
technology experts is an excellent basis for the
highest Efficiency and living comfort. Low- or
Zero-Energy Buildings face south and combine
Heat Insulation, demand-oriented ventilation,
and intelligent solar energy systems. When the
energy needed for heating and CO2 emissions
both decline, then the standard of living will
improve.
Source: Solar Thermal Systems, Solarpraxis AG, Germany

Energy demand of the building in comparison to the solar radiation and the delayed supply of useful
energy, caused by the storage tank of a solar installation having a low fraction for hot water and space
heating (German or similar climate).
Germany and especially the Freiburg solar region, holds a high position in the area of renewable
energy and energy efficiency. Compared to other countries there is a very concentration and high
level of development of science, research, practical application and a large market for testing
products. This does not refer to solar technology alone but to the entire area of energy efficient
technologies and future-oriented construction. The efficient cooperation between different
researching, designing, educational institutions and consulting agencies constitutes an important part
of this solar cluster. They regularly provide important impulses for training and further training in
renewable energy and energy efficiency for the region itself, and for the whole of Germany and
Europe. There are also currently projects with South and East European, with African and with Latin
American partners.
Apart from energy efficiency and renewable energies (solar energy, wind energy, biomass,
geothermal energy, etc.) a great number of projects have been carried out in recent years in the
areas of energy-saving and adapted construction materials production particularly in Latin America
and Africa.
Realized examples:
Dresdner Bank, Freiburg

In the 70ies, the planners in Germany didnt
care about saving energy. They designed the
buildings for heating all year long. Even in
summer they cooled and heated the buildings
at the same time.
Technical innovations:
Intelligent regulation systems, including an automatic
control system for Venetian blinds
Use of an adiabat cooling system, which works by
spraying water into the ventilation system to get a
cooling effect
Free cooling ventilation during the night in some parts
of the building, which means to cool the building during
the summer by raising the ventilation with fresh, cool
air from the outside. To use this method you need
heavy walls, ceilings and other materials inside to
have temperature stores like cooling batteries in
iceboxes.
Total energy saving: about 60 %!!
Brauhaus Riegel (Restaurant):

Reduction of the space heat requirement Installation of
a thermal protection insulating glazing in the
restaurant, as well as an internal insulation in the bar
and guest area.
Improvement of the room air Source ventilation: the
fresh preheated supply air expands within the base
range into the guest area, continues to warm up by
internal heat loads and presses up used air into the air
exhaust duct.
> best air conditions with optimized change of
air Reduction of the ventilation losses by ventilation
heat recovery in the bar with a recuperation
grade of 95 %.
Reduction of the ventilation losses in the kitchen by use
of ventilation equipment with direct admission of fresh air
into the exhaust air caps and optimal kitchen ventilation with
smallest losses of energy over the exhaust air.
Chamber of commerce and industry (IHK), Freiburg

Air condition (10.200 m3/h) with heat supply through 100 m2 solar air collector
Task: climatisation of a seminar room and a cafeteria on the upper floor from the `IHK Sdlicher
Oberrhein building
Characteristics: no back up, no storage solar thermal self-sufficient system
Economical solar power system;
Simple system concept
Solar cooling system in Greece

actual largest installation worldwide
2700 m2 flat solar thermal collectors
2 absorption cooling machines with 350 kW
refrigerating capacity each
3 compression-cooling machines, 350 kW each
climatisation of cosmetic factory production
halls.
Location: Inofita Viotias (ca. 50 km northeastern
from Athens)
Reasonable system concept; current saving
through feed-in of the cooling energy into cold
power system with high base load
The Energy concept of Solar Info Center

For the credibility of the tenants and users the uncompromising energy concept
within the building itself is decisive. In planning the Solar Info Center therefore
great store was set by an innovative and forwarding looking power supply.
Efficient energy use

Through the compact nature of the building structure, increased heat-insulation measures
and through passive solar energy gains the energy requirements were reduced to a
minimum. With heat requirements of 30 kWh/m and power requirements of 10 W/m,
realized through numerous energy savings measures, the building is well equipped for
the future.
Natural cooling
The entire building is cooled naturally. Daylight optimization through intelligent
arrangement of window fronts reduces cooling requirements from the start. In summer
cool night air streams through air intakes in the outer walls into rooms. The seminar room
is additionally air-conditioned by coolness that comes from a depth of 100m in the earth.
In the same way the cold air is warmed up in winter.
Pure solar power

How solar energy can be used for active heat
and power generation is demonstrated on the
test spaces and on the outer walls. In this way
architectural possibilities, technical know-how
and practical and ecological use can be shown
clearly. The generated energy, solar heat as
well as solar power, is used in the building.
Additional power requirements are covered by
electricity that comes from100% renewable
energy.
Energy savings in the generating plant

The minor additional heat requirements are
covered by heat recovery in the nearby
university electricity generating plant. With
further investments into energy savings at
the university heating plant itself, as much
energy can be saved there as is required to
run the solar info centre.
With its innovative energy concept the
Solar Info Center contributes actively to
prevent further pollution arising through the
operation of the building.
The energy concept

-
High efficient insulation through 20 cm outer wall and roof lagging

draft free windows with double heat protection glazing ( U=1,2 W/mK)
Modest light power requirements through daylight lit offices (33%
proportion of window spaces on outer walls)
Natural cooling: the use of earth and night coolness reduces energy
requirements.
Through massive stone floor and by doing without hanging ceilings,
building mass is coupled with room air hereby optimizing the room
climate.
Pleasant room temperatures and reduced cooling requirements through
automatically regulated sun protection.
Thermal solar collectors for warm water production
Photovoltaic power generation
Heat requirements covered by local heat coupled with plant generated
thermal energy

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Workshop

Source: IEA/World Energy Outlook

Total energy demand

other sources of energy

The sun is the primary source for most forms of

Low-grade thermal energy for heating

Solar energy technologies have great potential

wind and solar energy

The annual solar radiation per m is equivalent

Degree of utilization, solar fraction and costs of

Energy efficient buildings happen by design.

Source: Solar Thermal Systems, Solarpraxis AG, Germany

Source: Solar Thermal Systems, Solarpraxis AG, Germany

Dresdner Bank, Freiburg

Brauhaus Riegel (Restaurant):

Chamber of commerce and industry (IHK), Freiburg

Solar cooling system in Greece

The Energy concept of Solar Info Center

Efficient energy use

Pure solar power

Energy savings in the generating plant

The energy concept

High efficient insulation through 20 cm outer wall and roof lagging

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