M911 Les12-13

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Lesson
12-13
Learning Outcomes and Assessment Standards

Learning Outcome 3: Space, shape and measurement
The learner is able to describe, represent, analyse and explain properties of shapes in 2- and
3- dimensional space with justification.
Assessment Standard AS 5
Derive and use the values of trigonometric functions.
Overview
Overview
In this lesson you will:
Look at angles bigger than 90 and smaller than zero

Define the sine, cosine and tangent ratios in terms of the coordinates of a
point and the radius of a circle
Establish the sign of the three trigonometric ratios in different quadrants
Use Pythagoras theorem to find the values of the three different sides
Consider angle as a revolution instead of just in a shape.
Lesson
Lesson
Prior knowledge
In Grade 10 we learnt:
O
sin = _
H
O (Opposite)
angle
ratio
A
cos = _
H
tan = _
O
(H
yp
ot
en
us
e)
Part One
A (Adjacent)
Different angle sizes

y
If an angle is measured anti-clockwise it is positive.

If an angle is measured clockwise
it is negative.
q
x
so = 30
or = 390
y
or = 330
or = 690
(x ; y)
y
x
(x ; y)
y
Page 49
O (Op
yp
ot
en
us
e)
If = 40 or = 320 or = 680
we call these co-terminal angles.
A (Adjacent)
(H
yp
ot
en
us
e)
O (Opposite)
A (Adjacent)
y
y
is in the second quadrant
(H
yp
If = 120 it could be
ot
en
= -240
us
e)
or = 480
A (Adjacent)
If = 200 it could be
(x ; y)
= 160
or(x; y)
= 560
y
(H
yp
ot
en
1 r740
5.
us
e)
4th
The first quadrant

x
2.
(150)
4.
884
3rd
2nd
6.
(1 010)
1st
(x ; y)
(x ; y)
r
y
The angles are in the first quadrant

y
y ; y)
sin = _ (x
> 0
r
x_
cos = r> 0
y
tan = _x> 0y
(x ; y)
In the 1st quadrant, all ratios are positive.
The second quadrant

Here x < 0 and y > 0; r > 0
(x ; y)
y
sin = _r > 0
(x ; y)
y
tan = _x > 0
In the 2nd quadrant, sin is positive but cos and tan are negative.
y
r
y
Page 50
cos = _xr < 0
x
Here x > 0 and
y > 0. Rememberx that r will always be positive.
A (Adjacent)
xq
b
Now we will put the triangle
into the Cartesian plane.
In which quadrant
do you find:
y
q
1.
300
4th
x
y
(x ; y)
3.
472
2nd
(x ; y)
r
(x ; y)
x
The third quadrant

Here x < 0 and y < 0; r > 0
y
sin = _r< 0
cos = _xr< 0
tan = _x> 0
(x ; y)
In the 3rd quadrant tan is positive but sin and cos are negative.
The fourth quadrant
Here x > 0 and y < 0; r > 0
y
sin = _r< 0
cos = _xr> 0
a
x
x
y
y
tan = _x> 0
(x ; y)
(x ;the
y) 4th quadrant cos is positive but sin and tan are negative.
In
y
Summary
y
S
S
Quad 2
Quad 1
(a) sin
All (ways)
(1; 3)
(a) sin
All (ways)
(to) tanx
C 3
in your cos y Quad
Quad 3
Quad 4
(to) tan
y
Quad 1
T
T
Quad 2
in your cos y
Quad 4
In the 1st quadrant, all ratios are positive.

3
p
In the 2nd quadrant,
sin is positive but cos and tan are negative.
(1;
is3)positive but sin and cos are negative.
In the 3rd quadrant tan
In the 4th quadrant cos is positive but sin and tan are negative.
y
(x ; y)
y
(x ; y)

r
q

r

x
Paggee 151
P
Lesson 1 | Algebra
Part Two:
Example
Quad 2
Quad 1
(a) sin
All (ways)
Example 1
Calculate the value of sin , cos and

tan if the terminal ray of is in standard
_ (to)
T
C
tan
in your cos y
position and passes through (1; 3
)
Quad 3_ 2
Quad 4
p2 = (3
) + (1)2 = 3 + 1 = 4 (Pythagoras)
y
p = 2 (p > 0).
_
_

So sin = _
3
;tan = 3

1
cos = _12
x
3
(1; 3)
Example
Example 2
(x ; y)
If 13 sin = 12 and [90 ; 270] find cos tan .
sin = _
12
> 0
13
Locate the quadrant:

r
q

Since [90; 270]
The overlap is in quadrant 2.
Place both on one sketch:
overlap in quadrant 2
y
Pythagoras:
13
12
Now:
5 _
cos tan = ( _
13
)(12)= _
12
5
13
Page 52
x2
= 132 122
= 169 144
= 25
x = 5 (x < 0)
Example
Example 3
If 4 tan = 3 and cos < 0 find 2 sin - cos

tan = _3> 0
4
cos < 0
Overlap in 3rd quadrant
y
r = 5 (Pythagorean triplet)
So 2sin cos
= 2(_3) (_4)
5
= _65+ _45
= _2
Activity
Activity 1
1.
Locate the quadrant where
a)
tan < 0 and sin > 0
c)
[180; 360] and cos < 0 d)
e)
tan > 0 and cos > 0
f)
tan > 0 and [90; 270]?
2.
OP = . Find
If P(3 ; 1) is a point in the Cartesian plane and X^
a)
sin + cos
c)
sin2 + cos2
(If necessary leave your answer in surd form)
3.
If 12 tan = -5 find the value of (a) sin (b) cos
4.
tan x
2sin
If 25 cos x = 24 and x [0 ; 180], find the value of _

x
b)
b)
cos < 0 and sin > 0

sin < 0 and [0; 270]
1 + tan2
5.
If 41 cos = -40 and sin > 0, find the value of
a)
6.
If sin = p and p < 0 and [90 ; 270], find the value of cos .
7.
If tan = mm > 0 and [0 ; 90], find the value of sin2 cos2

A + cos B
__
B
is an obtuse angle. sin A = _3sin B = _4, find cos

In ABC ^
8.
1 + tan2
b)
2 sin cos
10.
2m
1
1+
and x [0 ; 90] , find _

cos
If sin x = _
x + tan x.
m2
2xy
2 2
and [0 ; 90] find sin + cos
If tan = _
11.
If cos = p and p < 0 and [180 ; 360] find tan
9.
tan A _
tan1B
x y
Paggee 153
P
Lesson 1 | Algebra

M911 Les12-13

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TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Learning Outcomes and Assessment Standards

In this lesson you will:

Look at angles bigger than 90 and smaller than zero

Different angle sizes

If an angle is measured anti-clockwise it is positive.

is in the second quadrant

The first quadrant

The angles are in the first quadrant

In the 1st quadrant, all ratios are positive.

The second quadrant

cos = _xr < 0

The third quadrant

In the 1st quadrant, all ratios are positive.

Calculate the value of sin , cos and

If 13 sin = 12 and [90 ; 270] find cos tan .

Locate the quadrant:

Since [90; 270]

The overlap is in quadrant 2.

Place both on one sketch:

If 4 tan = 3 and cos < 0 find 2 sin - cos

Locate the quadrant where

tan < 0 and sin > 0

[180; 360] and cos < 0 d)

tan > 0 and cos > 0

tan > 0 and [90; 270]?

(If necessary leave your answer in surd form)

If 12 tan = -5 find the value of (a) sin (b) cos

If 25 cos x = 24 and x [0 ; 180], find the value of _

cos < 0 and sin > 0

If 41 cos = -40 and sin > 0, find the value of

If tan = mm > 0 and [0 ; 90], find the value of sin2 cos2

and x [0 ; 90] , find _

If cos = p and p < 0 and [180 ; 360] find tan

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