Kuce Od Drveta
Kuce Od Drveta
Kuce Od Drveta
d = w2 + v 2 t2
Now
in
pre-relativistic
w
d0
= 0
0
t
t
(2)
Here, d0 and t0 are distance and time, respectively, measured on the spacecraft.
Solving for t0 gives:
t0 =
w
c
(3)
d
c= =
t
(1)
(Newtonian)
w 2 + v 2 t2
=
t
w2
+ v2
t2
(4)
1
w c2 v 2
c
=
c w
Here, L and m are the length and mass,
c2 v 2
respectively, of an object at rest; L0 and m0
=
c
are the values for the moving reference frame.
s
c2 v 2
Note that the length decreases and the
=
2
c
mass of an object increases as the velocity
s
2
0
approaches the speed of light. The increase
t
v
= 1
in mass, however, is best understood not as
t
c
(6) a change in mass but as a change in the relationship of mass and momentum. In preIf v << c, then the result t0 /t is very close relativistic physics, momentum p is described
to 1. But as v approaches c, t0 /t becomes as the product of mass and velocity: p = mv.
smaller. Time slows down for the observer The relationship of mass and momentum in
on the spacecraft as its speed approaches the special relativity, however, is:
speed of light!
mv
(9)
p0 = q
The speed of light in vaccum (c) is
v 2
1
(
)
c
299,792.458 kilometers/second. Because c is
0
so much larger than the speeds encountered
Here, p is the relativistic momentum and
in human experience (thus far!) the resultant m is the rest mass.
2
E = mc2
This is Einsteins famous equation relating mass and energy. Special relativity concludes that mass and energy are equivalent
concepts. (This is a better way to understand
the mass/momentum issue discussed above,
i.e. in terms of the increase in mass-energy
of an object approaching the speed of light.)
c
2001,
2005, 2008 Wm. Robert Johnston
Last modified 2 November 2008.
http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/
relativity/specialrel.pdf
1
'1+a
1a
1
1b'1 b
2
(10)
If the speed is much smaller then the speed
of light, or v << c, then we can apply
these approximations to the above formula
for m0 /m and get:
1 v2
m 'm 1+ 2
(11)
2c
If we multiply both sides by c2 , the result
0
(13)
is:
1
m0 c2 ' mc2 + mv 2
(12)
2
Notice that the second term on the right is
the kinetic energy in pre-relativistic physics.
The equation thus states that some amount of
3