CMT 0034

CORPORATE STANDARD
CMT0034
SURFACE PREPARATION OF SUBSTRATES FOR PAINT

Date Issued: 2008-12-17
Supersedes: CS0034, 2001-04-25
Implementing Divisions: Kenworth Truck Company, Peterbilt Motors Company, PACCAR Technical Center,
Dynacraft
Note: Substantive changes from the previous document are indicated by a vertical line at the left margin.
Scope
This process standard specifies the methods for cleaning, preparing, and handling bare metal or plastic
surfaces prior to painting.
Field of application
This standard applies to all surfaces that receive paint on parts for use on vehicles manufactured or assembled
at the facilities of the PACCAR implementing divisions.
References
3.1
PACCAR documents
CMT0033, Test Methods and Approval Processes for Paints
3.2
Other references
ASTM D1730, Standard Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-alloy Surfaces for Painting
ASTM D4417, Standard Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel
DOD-P-15328, Primer, (wash) pretreatment (formula No. 117 for metals)
Federal Specification TT-C-490, Cleaning Methods for Ferrous Surfaces and Pre-treatments for Organic
Coatings
Steel Structures Painting Council, Joint Surface Preparation Standard SSPC-SP10/NACE Number 2, NearWhite Blast Cleaning
General
When this standard is referenced on a PACCAR part drawing, the requirements stipulated herein shall apply
unless otherwise specified on the drawing.
Suppliers shall not deviate from the specified requirements unless prior written approval is obtained from
PACCAR Engineering. Suppliers of painted parts shall be approved in accordance with CMT0033 supplier
verification requirements prior to supplying production parts to PACCAR. Verification of the surface preparation
process separately from the supplier paint process verification is not required.
Page 1 of 5
2008 PACCAR Inc. All rights reserved. The information contained herein is proprietary to PACCAR Inc and shall not be reproduced,
copied, or disclosed in whole or in part, or used for manufacture or any other purpose, without the written permission of PACCAR Inc.
The only controlled version is that viewed electronically on the designated PACCAR intranet site.
PACCAR CORPORATE STANDARD

SURFACE PREPARATION OF SUBSTRATES FOR
PAINT
Number:
Date Issued:
CMT0034
2008-12-17
This standard does not address all of the safety or environmental concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Surface-treatment flowchart for steel and aluminum
Steel and aluminum substrates are to be processed in accordance with the flowchart in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Surface treatment for steel and aluminum
Surface cleaning for ferrous castings and hot-rolled steel components
Ferrous castings and hot-rolled steel components shall be cleaned, pretreated, and dried prior to painting.
Unless otherwise specified, any 250-mm by 250-mm area on all components to be painted shall have 20 or
fewer droplets of weld splatter that are 1 mm or larger in diameter.
Subject surfaces shall be cleaned in accordance with any of the following methods specified in TT-C-490:
Solvent cleaning
Hot-alkaline degreasing
Page 2 of 5

PAINT
Number:
Date Issued:
CMT0034
2008-12-17
Phosphoric acid (alcohol, detergent, or solvent type with detergent). Steels with a hardness of Rockwell
C 40 or higher shall not be cleaned using phosphoric acid or electrolytic cleaning because of the potential
for hydrogen embrittlement.
Emulsion alkaline de-rusting
Blast cleaning. Blasted surfaces shall be cleaned to a near-white finish and applicable visual standards shall
apply as specified in SSPC-SP10/NACE Number 2. The blast profile (surface profile) shall be greater than
1.0 mil (25 micrometers) but shall not exceed 2.0 mils (50 micrometers). The surface profile shall be
measured in accordance with ASTM D4417, Method A or B.
If the surface roughness exceeds the requirements specified in SSPC-SP10/NACE Number 2, the surface
shall be re-blasted to an acceptable level. It is recommended that blast-cleaned surfaces be solventcleaned prior to blasting to ensure grease-free surfaces.
Surface preparation for cold-rolled steel components
Cold-rolled steel components shall be cleaned, pretreated, and dried prior to painting. Blast cleaning shall not
be used for cold-rolled steel.
Subject surfaces shall be cleaned in accordance with any of the following methods specified in TT-C-490:
Solvent cleaning
Hot-alkaline degreasing
Emulsion alkaline de-rusting
Phosphoric acid (alcohol, detergent, or solvent type with detergent). Steels with a hardness of Rockwell
C 40 or higher shall not be cleaned with phosphoric acid or electrolytic cleaning because of the potential for
hydrogen embrittlement.
Surface treatment for ferrous castings, hot-rolled steel, and cold-rolled steel
After cleaning, subject surfaces shall be pretreated in accordance with any of the following methods specified in
TT-C-490:
Zinc phosphate. A sealer added to the final rinse stage is recommended to prevent premature corrosion.
Iron phosphate. A sealer added to the final rinse stage is recommended to prevent premature corrosion.
Organic pretreatment coating. Organic pretreatment coating shall be applied according to the requirements
of DOD-P-15328 for wash primer.
Non-aqueous iron phosphate
Care shall be taken to ensure that crevices, seams, and other inaccessible areas are thoroughly dried to
prevent premature corrosion. Parts shall be dried thoroughly prior to painting.
Page 3 of 5

PAINT
Number:
Date Issued:
CMT0034
2008-12-17
To prevent contamination, it is recommended that cleaned surfaces are pretreated within four hours and that
pretreated surfaces are painted within 24 hours. Handling of cleaned or pretreated surfaces shall be kept to a
minimum to prevent contamination. If pretreated surfaces become soiled prior to painting, strip the pretreatment
and reprocess. Light, non-oily particles may be removed with clean, compressed air or a tack rag.
Surface preparation for aluminum surfaces that are subsequently painted
Aluminum surfaces shall be cleaned, pretreated, and dried prior to painting.

Subject surfaces shall be cleaned in accordance with any of the following methods specified in ASTM D1730:
Solvent cleaning (ASTM D1730, Type A, Methods 1, 2, or 3)
Alkaline cleaning (ASTM D1730, Type B, Method 1)
Acid-etch cleaning (ASTM D1730, Type B, Method 2)
Alcoholic phosphoric acid cleaner (ASTM D1730, Type B, Method 3)
After cleaning, subject surfaces shall be pretreated in accordance with any of the following methods:
Amorphous chromate treatment (chromate conversion coating) in accordance with ASTM D1730, Type B,
Method 7
Amorphous phosphate treatment (chrome phosphate) in accordance with ASTM D1730, Type B, Method 5
Crystalline phosphate treatment (zinc phosphate) in accordance with ASTM D1730, Type B, Method 4
NOTE Method 4 specifies zinc phosphate. Iron phosphate may be used, but zinc phosphate is
preferred.
Acid-bound resinous treatment (wash primer) in accordance with ASTM D1730, Type B, Method 8
Ensure that crevices, seams, and other inaccessible areas are thoroughly dried to prevent premature corrosion.
Parts shall be dried thoroughly prior to painting.
To prevent contamination, it is recommended that cleaned surfaces be pretreated within four hours and
pretreated surfaces be painted within 24 hours. Handling of cleaned or pretreated surfaces shall be kept to a
minimum to prevent contamination. If pretreated surfaces become soiled prior to painting, strip the pretreatment
and reprocess. Light, non-oily particles may be removed with clean, compressed air or a tack rag.
10
Surface preparation for plastic parts
Plastic surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned. When mold-release agents are used, cleaning shall take place
prior to any sanding of the surfaces.
The supplier is responsible for selecting the method of surface preparation that will ensure excellent adhesion
between the surface and the prime paint. Typical cleaning methods use one or more of the following processes:
Washing with a water-based alkaline detergent; a mild solvent/detergent; a mixture of solvents and water,
such as 10% MEK/90% water; or a mild solvent, such as isopropyl alcohol. Follow by sanding with 320-grit
abrasive paper.
Sanding with 240-grit abrasive paper, followed by 320-grit abrasive paper.
Page 4 of 5

PAINT
Number:
Date Issued:
CMT0034
2008-12-17
NOTE This is finish sanding prior to coating. Some substrates may require prior sanding or
green sanding with coarser grit.
Blasting with sodium bicarbonate-based blast media (for example, Arm & Hammer Armex blast media from
Church & Dwight Co., Inc. or equivalent). Follow by a water-based or solvent-based cleaning to remove
blast media and other contamination.
Prior to painting, surfaces shall be blown off, tack wiped, and inspected for surface defects, such as pinholes or
cracks. Defects shall be repaired before painting.
Page 5 of 5

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What are the different methods for cleaning ferrous surfaces mentioned in the document?

What are the different pretreatment methods mentioned for aluminum surfaces?

CORPORATE STANDARD

SURFACE PREPARATION OF SUBSTRATES FOR PAINT

CMT0033, Test Methods and Approval Processes for Paints

PACCAR CORPORATE STANDARD

Surface-treatment flowchart for steel and aluminum

Figure 1 Surface treatment for steel and aluminum

Surface cleaning for ferrous castings and hot-rolled steel components

PACCAR CORPORATE STANDARD

Surface preparation for cold-rolled steel components

PACCAR CORPORATE STANDARD

Surface preparation for aluminum surfaces that are subsequently painted

Aluminum surfaces shall be cleaned, pretreated, and dried prior to painting.

Surface preparation for plastic parts

PACCAR CORPORATE STANDARD

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