Report On Conservation of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun
1. INTRODUCTION
Architectural Conservation
Conservation is to retain the master piece and transfer to the future.
Conservation is an action taken against the decay of the objects. Architectural conservation
describes the process through which the material, historical, and design integrity of mankind's built
heritage are prolonged through carefully planned interventions. It may be due to the natural or
human measures. Thus, conservation seeks to retain the objects in its original states. Normally,
every building does not seek for conservation; we do conservation to those buildings which has
values and significances. The significance may be historic, architectural, and socio-culture.
Similarly, values in conservation mainly deal with emotional values, use value, and cultural value.
The scope of conservation consists of historic buildings, ranges from town planning to preservation
of crumbling artifact. An historic building is one that gives us sense of wonder and makes us want
to know more about the people and culture. It has different values which have made it more
important such as emotional values, cultural values, aesthetic values, archeological values, socioeconomic values and even political and spiritual values.
Objectives of Conservation
The ongoing practice of demolishing old buildings and making new construction of RCC work is
destroying the traditional urban set up and creating an urban slum. Illegally, tall building especially
in durbar square is destroying the beauty of skyline.
Not only in durbar even in the old traditional settlement the building were demolished to construct
new building due to which the architectural pollution is occurring. The character of vernacular
architecture is destroying day by day. To stop such trend the conservation is necessary.
When there is the cause of deterioration, we check for the protection of that particular object
through maintenance as well as repair. The basic idea of conservation is to do repair and
maintenance to the particular object.
Degrees of conservation
Prevention of deterioration
Preservation
Consolidation
Restoration
Reproduction
Renovation
Reintegration
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Anastoloysis
Objective of conservation
Everything around us will either perish or be transformed into a new form, sooner or later. Our
past is our roots and it needs to be respected. The cultural relics of our ancestors have been
renowned all over the world for its fine craftsmanship. Its the duty of the current generation not
to act according to the whims of fashion and follow the popular trend but t look after and preserve
the objects of heritage.
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2. PYAN GAUN
I.
INTRODUCTION
About the village

Pyangaun is a beautiful village located in Chapagaun VDC ward no: 5 of Lalitpur district, 14 km
south of Kathmandu. The main language of communication is Newari which is totally different
than Newari language of other regions. The village has got countless unique characteristics. The
cultural aspect of this village is also totally different than other villages. The cultural and traditional
rituals being performed in the village during the birth, marriage and death are also unique in the
village. The people of this village are named as Gaam or Gaamal or Gaamle. The people of this
village are found to be involved in organizing theatre shows and performing a wide range of
cultural dances called Jhaki.
(Source: Pyangaun Craft Village Development Program in ordinance with Nepal Tourism Board
(NTB))
Major features
Century-old craft of making

beautiful bamboo buckets used to
measure grains.
Modernization is yet to permeate
the
living
patterns,
social
formation and social hierarchy of
Pyangaun.
Although linked directly with the
capital city by modern modes of
transport, the villagers still live the
way they did centuries ago.
Isolated from the outside community, the process of transformation in the village has been
virtually invisible.
From birth to marriage, the villagers have not needed the support of outsiders. The strong
social bonds are rooted in the sturdiness of community support, which has helped Pyangaun
maintain its own cultural identity.
Linear pattern settlement shows their inclination to street activities classified as public e.g.
gatherings, gambling, discussion of related to social activities as club , semi-public as and
private activities as making of bamboo basket, drying of agricultural products.
Typical design features as hanging of corn, straw, flower vase, clothes on bamboo show
their agricultural lifestyle
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Corn stacks raised from ground are particularly notable

Similar buildings and uniform architectural style: Indicate common lifestyle
Etymology
Anciently known as Sitapur, Pyangaun is century old craft village. The village got its name
pyangaun from its unique profession of making beautiful bamboo buckets used to measure
grains. The bamboo is called pyang from newar language. The skill of making bamboo buckets
not only identifies their villages but also represents a unique heritage. Hence, it played an important
role in supplying traditional bamboo units to measure and weigh goods.
(NTB))
Demographics
Pyangaun is located in Chapagaun VDC ward no: 5 of Lalitpur district. There are 120 households
and nearly 1250 people in the village. Nearly 45 percentages of people are literate. Nearly 90% of
people are Maharjan.
(NTB)
LANDMARKS:
Pond
A large triangular water pond at the entrance to the village, its narrow alley and old houses are
reminders of the past. However, their present conditions are to be worried. In the past, it was used
for drinking purpose as well as for irrigation. Nowadays, rainwater harvesting is used to avoid
drying of water.
Agan Chen and Nasha Dyo Chen

Agan Chen and Nasha Dyo Chen are the two major monuments of Pyangaun. These monuments
hold the sanctuary of lord Shiva. The statue (replica of lord Shiva) is altered from the sanctuary
every year on the day of Indra Jatra. Originally these monuments are said to be built in traditional
Newari style. The monuments reflect the Neo-classical touch at present day.
Pyan Gaun Bus-Park

The buspark can be taken as the means of up-liftmen for transportation.
Ring Road to PyanGaun buspark- 7.2 km
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Lagankhel to PyanGaun buspark- 8.5 km
Sunakothi to PyanGaun buspark- 4.3 km
Thecho to PyanGaun buspark- 3.8 km
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II.
HISTORY
Settlement is believed to start 500 years ago from Sanghu,

Lalitpur District.
(Source: Inscription dated N.S. 922 and 932)
Myth:
Original people are believed to be the children of Yatsya
Malla of Bhaktapur (French writer). The son when went
to the king for his and his mothers right, the king
advised them to work and gave a place to stay. The son
wished to work on bamboo craft esp. measuring
instruments for grains from bamboo. So then he started
bamboo craft as his profession. He was allowed to
search for raw bamboo from the palace.
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3. LAND USE
I.
Agricultural
The agricultural land is owned by the residents of Pyan gaun village. The land is located to North,
North-East, and East side of the village. The land is also located at the backyard of house.95%
population are involved in the agricultural profession and the 90% are used for agricultural land.
An irrigation facility is only for 25.06 % land while other land is depended on the rain water.
Though the village is mostly involved in the agricultural profession but the village havent mostly
benefitted by this profession because of the lack of adaptation of modern scientific technology.
Major crop grown are rice, corn, wheat, mustard and even potato, soya-bean, barley. The other
second major crop is Khursani.
Major crops
Rice
First major crop

Cultivated on 4621Ropanis
Annual production is 23104 Muri
Corn
Second major crop

Cultivates on 5466Ropanis
Wheat
Cultivated on 4621Ropanis
Others
Potato, mustard, soya bean, barley, onion, garlic
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II.
Water body
The Triangular Pond, Pyangaun Pokhari is located at the entry from the main road to Pyan gaun
village. The pond was used for cattle bathing and for irrigation by carrying on bucket. But now a
day the pond is used for fish culture. The fish culture is done for the youth employment and to
raise the awareness for pond cleaning. Rain water harvesting to avoid drying of water
III.
Greeneries and Terrain
Altitude difference of 10m (1470m -1480m)
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4. BUILDING USE
I.
Commercial
Along black topped road after the establishment of the VDC office and bus park, the area along
with the main road is developed for the commercial activity. The building along the main road is
used for mix commercial. The ground and 1st floor is being used for rental commercial and the
other top floor is used for the residing of the owner.
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II.
Residential
The pure residential unit is seen in the linear

settlement of Pyan Gaun. The Pyan Gaun is
reachable after a minute walk from the main road
viewing the Pyan Gaun pokhari. The Pyan Gaun is
isolated from the outside community; the process
of transformation in the village has been virtually
invisible. Linear pattern settlement shows their
inclination to street activities classified as public
e.g. gatherings, gambling, discussion of related to
social activities as club , semi-public as and private
activities as making of bamboo basket, drying of
agricultural products.
The residential units are traditional Newari house. Typical design features as hanging of corn,
straw, flower vase, clothes on bamboo show their agricultural lifestyle
Allocation of space
Generally three storeys shed at ground floor
1. Ground Floor (Chidi): Ground Floor is generally used as animal shed and store rooms for
agricultural products except in some cases where it is used as shop (mostly restaurant and
retail shop). This floor has dalan on the four sides. These were used for washing space
during rainy season.
2. First Floor (Matan): First Floor is used for sleeping space i.e. bedroom. In first floor
windows were used with low sill level usually use of Tikijhya (Lattice windows) provides
privacy and security.
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3. Second floor (Chota): Second floors used as main living and family area, long and broader
open area, use of Sanjhaya, balcony gives adequate light and ventilation, space for many
works and family feast.
4. Top / attic floor (Baiga): This floor is used for kitchen and family shrine, strangers and
people of lower caste are not allowed for religious reasons. Specially designed tiles and
occasionally a dormer window give lighting and ventilation.
III.
Educational
In early days the people of Pyan Gaun is not too educated. But now a day people are more aware
to education so numbers of schools and colleges have been opened in the VDC- 5. In the Pyan
Gaun itself there are two educational institutions. They are:
Jan Bhawana Campus-Up to intermediate level
Jyotidhye Sahakari School - From class nursery to class 10.
Jan Bhawana Campus
IV.
Public Space
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V.
Cultural
Nasa dyo puja

Cultural dance is performed at the plinth of the temple and musical instruments are played by
people that create the spiritual ambience
Agan Chen
Deity: Kaleshwor Mahadev
Rituals: Puja performed by Priest on the occasion of Indra Jatra and Mul Jatra
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Nasha Dyo Chen
Ganesh Temple
Agan Chen
Chiva
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF SETTLEMENT

Settlement pattern: Linear planning
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The lifestyle and activity of people of Pyan Guan is directly linked with street. The houses are
faced to the street. Small pocket of spaces are provided assemi courtyard space along the street.
The skyline of the settlement is maintained and is almost same. However the new constructed
houses interrupts the traditional skyline. Thus these new constructions arent compatibility to
context.
Corn stacks rose from ground to protect them from vermin, are particularly notable. The street
activities make the built environment very lively and
creates socio-cultural environment. The form and design
of the settlementis the visual quality of Pyan Guan which
shows the significanceand cultural aspiration of that
society. Thesociety represents a major historic period.
They illustrate the social character of the people,culture,
and evidence of the changes that have taken
placethroughout the history.
Building Typology
Traditional Newari house
The average house with its basic rectangular design is generally about 6 meters in depth, while its
length is governed by the size and availability of materials. The lengths range from a minimum of
1.5 meters up to 15 meters, although 4 to 8 meters is the normal.
A characteristic and universal feature of this design is the vertical room arrangement, which is not
dependent on the size of the house. Security considerations and the need to use as little irrigable
land for building purposes caused the Newari house to be vertically oriented. Generally it is threestoried.
Different staircases, generally located in the corners, lead to separate room clusters, which due to
the symmetrical faade, are not distinguishable from the outside. As the size, location and heating
facilities of the rooms impose certain limitations on their use, the street side becomes a vital
component of the house itself. It is at the same time a playground for children, washing area, a
grain grinding area, making bamboo basket and provides an area for sitting, especially in the
warmth of the sun during the winter. In short it is a multi-purpose area, useful for most of the daily
activities of the occupants.
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Faade:
Typical design features of Pyan Guanas hanging of corn, straw,
flower vase, clothes on bamboo show their agricultural lifestyle.
Symmetry is the aim in the design of the faade in traditional. It is
attained, where possible on a central axis of a main window or door
by pairing windows around the central axis on each succeeding
floor with the central window of each floor emphasized by its size
and detailed carving.
The entrance door is barred with two massive planks while the
windows are generally closed by fine wooden lattice work. Only a
few of these windows can be completely closed with heavy
shutters.
The most important communication to the street, other than the
door, is through the San Jhya window in the main living room.The
San Jhya has a window bench and its latticed window shutters can
be opened and closed.
Space Allocation
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5. Ground Floor (Chidi):Ground Floor is generally used as animal shed and store rooms for
agricultural products except in some cases where it is used as shop (mostly restaurant and
retail shop). This floor hasdalan on the four sides. These were used for washing space
during rainy season.
6. First Floor (Matan):First Floor is used for sleeping space i.e. bedroom. In first floor
windows were used with low sill level usually use of Tikijhya (Lattice windows) provides
privacy and security.
7. Second floor (Chota):Second flooris used as main living and family area, long and broader
open area, use of Sanjhaya, balcony gives adequate light and ventilation, space for many
works and family feast.
8. Top / attic floor (Baiga): This floor is used for kitchen and family shrine, strangers and
people of lower caste are not allowed for religious reasons. Specially designed tiles and
occasionally a dormer window give lighting and ventilation.
4.5m
Fig. : Typical cross-section of street of Pyan Guan
Similar buildings and uniform architectural style indicate common lifestyle of people of Pyan
Guan. The daily life style, values, beliefs, social activities, economic activities etc. characterize
the use and function of the site, Pyan Guan.
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Material and Technology

Technology is based on local materials resulting in local / indigenous technology.
Material and substance is the physical material of the place including components, fixtures,
contents, and objects. It is the bearer of important information about the history and time. Those
messages include information about a site's original creation as well as the layered messages that
resulted from the interaction between the resource and new and diverse cultural circumstances.
Local materials as jhingati tiles on roof, sun dried bricks, kachiappa, dachi appa on walls, timber
for structures, mud mortar, timber planks on floor and bamboo are used in traditional buildings of
PyanGaun.
Fig.:Use of Traditional Material
New materialsas concrete, RCC structure, timber for door and windows, marbles, cement punning
on floor are used in modern buildings. The rate of growth of building construction using modern
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Fig.:Use of New Materialusing RCC Constructiom

materials is increasing because of easy construction and low economic value than traditional
construction.
Technology
Traditions and techniques are referred to belief and customs that are handed down especially orally
or in practice. It is the traditional construction technique, workmanship, artisan techniques, ritual
and also the management of the community and activities related to it. Form and fabric, material
and method of design, use and function of a particular place is affected by the cultural influence,
technique, ritual practice and differentiate it from any other place.
There are two types of building form as traditional and new construction. The construction
technologies are:
1. Trabeated System (Post and Lintel)
It is generally done in traditional
buildingwhich consists of post as vertical
member for support and lintel or beam as
horizontal member for spanning.
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Fig. : Typical cross-section of Traditional Newari house
2. Frame System
Frame system is seen in modern building which consists of column as vertical member for
support and beam as horizontal member for spanning. The reasons for increasing tendency
of this system are easy and fast construction.
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CONTEXTUALISM - Compatibility to context

The increased awareness of historic preservation in recent decades also evolved an increased
awareness of the need to be able to design new buildings that were compatible with historic
buildings. This design approach is called "Conceptualism" and refers to the need to have
contemporary architecture be sensitive to the context surrounding it. Contextual design emphasizes
compatibility, encouraging new structures to respect the scale, height, setback, materials and
overall detailing of surrounding older buildings. This does not mean that new designs need to look
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old--in most cases this would be inappropriate. Rather, it means contemporary design should be
used in a way that blends with the old, so new and old are distinguishable, but compatible
Challenges given site extensively consists of residential buildings Residential buildings
conservation is different and difficult than monuments. Houses have owners with needs, interests
and spatial requirements and for this conservation do not exist. Hence transformation is inherent
in living spaces. Then the question is not how to conserve but how to control transformations in
order to assure the existence of the actual urban fabric as much as possible addressing modern life
requirements.
With wear and tear, structural failure, instability of existing building new construction is
done.Some fit into context as by adopting traditional building features which are
COMPATIBLE TO CONTEXT.
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While others dont fit into context this is then known to be INCOMPATIBLE TO
CONTEXT.
Building Conditions
Pyangaun is an ancient settlement of Kathmandu
valley. This area being rich in architecture has
slowly being deteriorating. Traditional buildings
are being replaced by the modern concrete
building changing the aesthetic of traditional city.
The traditional architecture of Malla and few
elements outside of the valley can be seen. Many
of the old buildings are in the worst condition and
are urgently in need of conservation and
prevention from decay. Few of the buildings are
being maintained by the owners.
Critical buildings
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Generally, traditional buildings are also supported by the adjacent buildings. Hence, when one
building is demolished, it affects the adjacent buildings. Similarly, there are few number of
buildings in this area that need the immediate maintenance. These types of buildings are critical
buildings.
Fair buildings
These include the traditional buildings that require regular maintenance. These includes buildings
that are generally affected by drainage, destruction of few elements of the buildings like struts,
windows, doors. There are also buildings which consist of cracks in the bricks, doors and windows.
The interventions like consolidation can be done for few elements like struts.
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Good buildings
There are few buildings that are still in good condition. At the eastern end of the inner settlement,
there consists of the traditional buildings with carved windows that have been maintained properly
and still in good condition. These buildings increase the significance of this area. Hence, these
buildings doesnt require more repairing. Few interventions like preservation, prevention from
deterioration can be done.
New buildings
Few new constructions can be seen in this area. But this is not in compatible with the older
buildings. However, the conditions of new buildings are good as compared to that of old. Hence,
only prevention from deterioration lead to protecting these buildings
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.
GROWTH AND TRENDS

Settlement Pattern
The settlement displays linear pattern. The settlement is on the top of the
contour and the agricultural fields are behind the settlement. Dating bck to
the history of Pyan gaun, we can relate that the settlement must have been
started where the bamboo fields were available. Every civilization we hear
is developed along the river banks, that is to say that water is the important
component for the development.
Expansion of settlement
Analyzing the pattern of the settlement, the settlement slowly increased
towards the agricultural fields along with the increase in population,
however still maintaining the linear pattern and the number of houses.
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Development of road networks
The development of infrastructure such as roads came along with the
settlemnt growth and the need. The core settlement has 4.5 m wide
brick paved street with no heavy vehicular access, which was
constructed under the financial support of Tourism board. Before it was
mud and gravel street. The black topped road on the outer perifery has
made vehicular access easier.
Moving towards modernization
Together with the development of infrastructure and new technology,
new constructions are now prevalent. The houses along the black topped
road are mostly of new construction which are mostly later constructed.
The houses which are demolished due to weak strength are also
constructed of new technology. This may be due to lack of traditional
skill of construction or lack of awareness about authenticity. This trend
is slowly growing towards the core settlement of Pyan gaun which does
not seem to be compatible.
Deterioration of traditional elements
Gutthi and some groups have been working on the preservation of the
monuments and the traditional settlement. However, the effort doesnot
seem to be strong enough to control deterioration and invasion of
incompatible constructions. There is also no proper waste management.
This is shortening the life of the elements. The pattis are left on their
deteriorated state. This is due to the weak financial condition and lack of
awareness among the local people and self realization.
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INFRASTRUCTURES:
a. Road networks:
Road networks are the important element of any settlement. Road in case of these traditional
settlements are used not only for transportation but also used for the chariot festivals and jatras.
Traditional settlements consist of the main road connected to the subroads which leads to the
chowks and alleys (gallis). But in the case of Pyangaun, there is lack of chowks. Hence it only
leads to households. This site is bounded with main roads of width 6 m which is also a route for
various public transportation and heavy vehicles. The pond is surrounded by roads at three sidesmain road on western side and other sub road on northern and southern side. These two sub roads
then connect at the node of the pond, at the entrance of the inner village. There are three different
types of road on the basis of its width and pavement. They are50
45
Black Topped Road

Brick Paved Road
Mud and Gravelled Road
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
Black Topped Road
0
BLACK
BRICK PAVED
MUD AND
TOPPEDwith the width

GRAVELLED
The main road which surrounds the site is black topped road
of 6 m. This is the
ROAD
main route of public transportation. All types of other vehicles, two wheelers and four wheelers
are also frequently seen. The shops are generally found on the ground floor in this street that
basically includes the general stores, pharmacies and clinics, restaurants and cafes. Street vendors
seen in this road are few in number. There is a lack of pedestrian pathways in this road. No proper
drainage systems are provided. However, the condition of this type of road is good as compared
to other type of roads.
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Brick Paved Road

The inner village consists of the brick paved road. The
pavement is started at the main entrance gate of the
inner village and ends start of the contour land that
consist of the open agricultural land. This pavement is
done with the financial help from the Tourism Board
to promote the traditional settlement of inner
Pyangaun. The width of this road is 4.5 m and the road
side consists of the typical streetscape. House forms
are mostly traditional style, few modern buildings and
hybrid buildings are seen. This is the festival route for
the main jatras of Pyangaun and large amount of social
activities are also seen at the side of this road. Hence,
there is high value of this road is culturally as well as
socially.
This road doesnt provide entry to the heavy vehicles.
Only, two- wheelers are allowed to enter this area.
Other vehicles like vehicles carrying water tanks,
agricultural products etc are allowed to enter which are
not so frequent. The condition of road is fair but timely
repair and maintenance is required. No proper drains
are provided in the street. Hence during the time of monsoon season, the buildings which are
located below the street level face entering of the water within the building.
Mud and Gravelled Road
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This type of road is found in the largest percentage.
The road width varies from 2 m to 4 m. This is the
sub road connecting main black topped road. This
street further braches out to alleys which is
connected to individual households .There are
small alleys (gallis) of 2 m that least to the inner
households. The outer part of the village
surrounding the pond consists of mud and
gravelled road. The condition of this type of road
is very poor. Large amount of drainage problems
are seen in this type of road as there are various
rough surfaces. The solid wastes are also moreover
seen in unmanaged way in this road. This road is decreasing the value of traditional village. Hence,
this type of road needs the quick maintenance and repair during conservation.
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b. Sewerage and Drainage system:

Sewerage and Drainage System can be defined as
collection of pipes and mains, treatment works, and
sewers from the of a community and each
household. Early civilizations often built drainage
systems in urban areas to handle storm runoff.
Proper identification and management of waste
helps to keep the city clean and healthy. Studying
the sewerage and drainage system of Pyangaun,
there is no provision of toilets, sewer lines and
drainage system. So, about 95% population of the
area uses pit-lattrines which is located right behind
the house of the local people and the waste are
used as a fertilizer. Only new constructed building
has built toilets however there is no proper
planning for the pipelines so the pipes are directly
connected to the agricultural land.
c. Waste disposal:
There is no proper management of the waste
disposal. Organic wastes are used as the fertilizer by
the local people and other inorganic wastes are thrown
improperly. These kind of activiies have been
deteriorating the built envirionment.
d. Electricity supply:
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The provision of electricity is in every house but proper management of electric poles and electrical
wires is not seen. The important buildings and monument are visually disturbed by the dangling
and unmanaged wires and poles. Thus it is observed that the aesthetics of traditional architecture
is disturbed due to unmanaged electric wire and unplanned position of electric poles.
FESTIVALS:
Apart from being a historically important part of town, this area is also a vibrant ceremonial center.
Different festivals are carried out in this area, which are as follows:
Indra jatra- Bhadra
Mul jatra
Gatha muga (Ghantakarna)

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Gai jatra
Astami (Kageswori Mela)
Indra Jatra
Indra Jatra is known as the festival of Kathmandu.
However, on the occasion of Indra Jatra, the people of
Pyangaun celebrate it in the form of dance known as
Kugpyakha. The dance was taken to Kathmandu to show to
King at Hanuman Dhokha which is known as Yaa Thya
Pyakha. Nowadays, the jatra is not taken to Kathmandu but
only celebrated in Pyangaun. The festival lasts for four
days. Deities are altered yearly from Agan Chen to Nasha
Dyo Chen.
Nasa dyo puja
Cultural dance is performed at the plinth of the temple and musical instruments are played by
people that create the spiritual ambience.
Mul
Jatra
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On the day of Chaitra Purnima every year, the puja is taken to
Kaleshwor Mahadev, which is located at Sanghu by the main
people of Achha Guhang. After the return, prasad is distributed
among the people of the settlement.
Gai Jatra
On the day of Gai Jatra, local people of this village are found to
be involved in organizing theatre shows and performing a wide
range of cultural dances called Jhaki, at the platform in front of
Nasa dyo. The crowd of all age group of people is seen enjoying
the show. . The youths are mostly found to be busy in such
festival.
Gatha muga (Ghantakarna)

On the occasion of Gatha muga, sons of priests (age group of 16-22) of 4 Guthis go to Nakkhu
Khola to collect stones from the river bank. These stones are then worshipped as replica of God
Shiva.
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Astami (Kageswori Mela)
From this day, puja is taken to Bajrabarahi at
Chapagaun and the ritual is performed for 1 month.
The traditional musical instruments are played and
dances are performed throughout the way.
INVENTORY:
Agan Chen:
Style: Traditional newari style+ Neo classical
No. Of storey: 3
Sect: Hindu
Rituals: Puja performed by Priest on the occasion of
Indra Jatra and Mul Jatra
Rituals Performed By: Priest of Achha Guhang
guthi
This is one of the major monument of Pyan Gaun.
It is a large rectangular structure of three storeys.
Shrine is placed at the first floor and the monument
is only opened for priest of Achha Guhang guthi.
In the past, the monument is said to be built in the
traditional newari style. The present condition of
the monument gives both the traditional as well as
neo-classical effect. The local people said that the
neo-classical feature (floral patterned pillar) was
the later addition. The date of addition is not
known exactly as no proper source was found. On
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the ground floor there is a separate preparation room which is used in the festival time. The main
entrance is at the northern side. The two sculptures of lion are kept as a guard at the sides of the
entrance door.
BUILDING IDENTIFICATION
PRINCIPLE BUILDING USE
Residential
Religious structure
Individual shed
Hotel/guest house
Public structure
Sub building/shed
Institutions/office
Vacant or abandoned
Guthi building
DIMENSIONS
Original no. of stories
Additional stories
3
No addition
Resid. Bldg. typology

Additional stories
Approx. storey height

Approx. building height
Malla architecture
Load bearing
1.8 m
7.46 m
Plinth height
Shah architecture
Concrete frame
0.6 m
modern
ARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATION
Compatible with areas character
incompatible
Particularly important (outstanding on its own)

Important (establish/ maintain areas character)
GENERAL BUILDING CONDITION

good
Sub-divisions
fair
poor
ruinous
No. of divisions
Under construction
Original no. of bays
EXTERIOR BUILDING MATERIAL

Dachi appa
stone
Wall condition
Ma aapa
wood
Kachi appa
Cement
good
fair
Modern brick
Other/specify
poor
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES TYPE

Window
Roof
Cornice
Wall surface
Valley
Jhingati
Wood
Brick
Hill
CI Sheet
Brick
Stone
Modern
Concrete
Lime/ surkhi
Lime/ surkhi
Others
Slate
Terrace
Cement
Metal sheet
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES CONDITION

Window
Cornice
Good
Good
Fair
Fair
Poor
Poor
Roof
Strut
Good
Good
fair
fair
poor
poor
Page 35
Nasha Dyo Chen

Style: Traditional newari style
No. Of storey: 3
Sect: Hindu
Rituals: Puja performed by Priest on the occasion of
Indra Jatra and Mul Jatra
Rituals Performed By: Priest of Achha
Guhang guthi
Nasha Dyo Chen is one of the major monument of
Pyan Gaun. It is a large rectangular structure of
three storeys. Shrine is placed at the first floor

and the monument is only opened for priest of
Achha Guhang guthi. A small rectangular
structure in front of the monument was later
constructed where the replica of the deity is
placed for the local people. The later added
building gives the modern influence since there
is the use of modern construction materials such
as concrete and metal railings.
The building has not yet got any significant
conservation works but maintenance and
paintings are done at a regular time interval.
Replica of Deity
On the ground floor there is a separate preparation room which is used in the festival time. The
main entrance is at the northern side. The two sculptures of lion are kept as a guard at the sides of
the entrance door and also a big bell is at north side.
Page 36

Residential
Religious structure
Individual shed
Hotel/guest house
Public structure
Sub building/shed
Institutions/office
Vacant or abandoned
Guthi building
DIMENSIONS
Additional stories
3
No addition

Additional stories

Malla architecture
Load bearing
1.9 m
7.83 m
Plinth height
Shah architecture
Concrete frame
1.32 m
modern
incompatible


good
Sub-divisions
fair
poor
ruinous
No. of divisions
Under construction

Dachi appa
stone
Wall condition
Ma aapa
wood
Kachi appa
Cement
good
fair
Modern brick
Other/specify
poor

Window
Roof
Cornice
Wall surface
Valley
Jhingati
Wood
Brick
Hill
CI Sheet
Brick
Stone
Modern
Concrete
Lime/ surkhi
Lime/ surkhi
Others
Slate
Terrace
Cement
Metal sheet

Window
Cornice
Good
Good
Fair
Fair
Poor
Poor
Roof
Strut
Good
Good
fair
fair
poor
poor
Page 37
Pati
Style: Rest house
Length: 4.04 m
Breadth: 2.70 m
Built in traditional style, the physical structure of
the pati is worst and hence it is in the stage of
seeking conservation and maintenance. This pati
was built for the purpose of rest place for the travellers and also for the ritual. It is north facing
and has religious importance and contains 3 bays. Pati also consists of a stone inscription.
Residential
Religious structure
Individual shed
Hotel/guest house
Public structure
Sub building/shed
Institutions/office
Vacant or abandoned
Guthi building
DIMENSIONS
Additional stories
1
No addition

Additional stories

Malla architecture
Load bearing
Plinth height
Shah architecture
Concrete frame
modern
incompatible


good
Sub-divisions
fair
poor
No. of divisions
ruinous
Under construction

Dachi appa
stone
Wall condition
Ma aapa
wood
Kachi appa
Cement
good
fair
Modern brick
Other/specify
poor
Page 38

Window
Roof
Cornice
Wall surface
Valley
Jhingati
Wood
Brick
Hill
CI Sheet
Brick
Stone
Modern
Concrete
Lime/ surkhi
Lime/ surkhi
Others
Slate
Terrace
Cement
Metal sheet

Window
Cornice
Good
Good
Fair
Fair
Poor
Poor
Roof
Strut
Good
Good
fair
fair
poor
poor
Ganesh temple
Page 39
Chiva
ACTIVITIES(USE OF SPACES)
The
activities performed by any group of people
are guided by their culture, lifestyle, behavior and their historical background. This defines their
area and character of the spaces. The activities of the people of Pyangaun and spaces where they
are performed are interesting to be studied. Knowing how much space an entity has, and how
efficiently it is being used, is essential for managing and conserving the essence of that space.
1. SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
Caste distribution:
The caste distributionof ChapagaunV.D.C includes the composition ofChettri, Bahun, Tamang and
Newarsas major groups. These caste groups have their own particular space and
surrounding.Newars have been residing in Pyangaun since the existence of the settlement. People
accept themselves as the ancestor of the traditional bamboo craft person. Maharjan, Singh, Jyappu
are the titles given to the Newars. The literacy ratio of the Pyangaun is comparatively low in the
V.D.C. Therefore, the lifestyle and quality of life is different from others.
Activities:
The private activities are spilled out of the house making it semi-public on the street. The
streetscape is lively with the social gathering, daily household and craft making performances. The
traditional houses have slope roof which hinders the accessibility to the roof and utilization of
sunlight and heat. Therefore, the open spaces are provided infront of the houses for performing
daily activities such as washing, drying of grains, storage, cattle rearing and social interaction. The
similar case can be realized in the traditional Newari architecture; the provision of courtyards and
Page 40

chowks. Stacking of dry corn known as Thangar in the local tongue seems to be an interesting
architectural feature has its space in front of the house. Some of the mid-age people are found to
be gambling on these spaces during day time. The exchange of goods and distribution of cookery
among the dwellers make this place lively and socially interactive.
Section of the street (Showing the social activities)
Daily household performances
Social gathering
2. CULTURAL ACTIVITIES
Pyangaun is rich in terms of culture and tradition. The cultural aspect of Pyangaun is similar
to that of the traditional newari culture of Kathmandu valley. Various types of festivals are
celebrated in Pyangaun. Amongst these festivals; jastras are important part. These jatras have
been carried out since ages and still been continued with same religious devotion. The various
jatra that are carried out includes:
Page 41

-
IndraJatra
MulJatra
Gathamuga (Ghantakarna)
GaiJatra
Astami (Kageshworimela)
Most of the jatras are carried out within Pyangaun. In some jatras the
chariot procession is done which used to be carried upto Kathmandu in
the past, which is explained in detail under title festival of this report.
The worshiping of dieties is done by the people belonging to the highest
hierarchy level of guhang.
These jatras has architecturally influenced the building and city. Dabalis
are present for the ritual dance of gods. The dabalis present infront of
Aganchen and NasaDyochen are mostly used during Indrajatra and
Muljatra. These dabalis are also used for social interaction during
meeting regarding society. The preparation rooms are also provided in
theAganchen and Nasadyochen.
Acts or dances in
Gaijatra
are performed on the
steet.
Musical instruments are also played by people that create the spiritual ambience. Open spaces are
provided infront of the houses for viewing and participating in the jatras. The crowd of all age
group of people from child to old age is seen enjoying the show. The youths are mostly found to
be busysuch festivals. Offerings are done and prasad is distributed among the people in the street
after the completion of jatra.
Page 42
3. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
The division of the population in this area is seen to be dominated by the middle income group as
agriculture being the major occupation. Rapid growth of commercial area is seen along the main
black topped road. The house in the main road consists of commercial spaces on the ground and
first floor. Small retail shops, tea shops are growing inside the settlement of Pyangaun. There is
also a shop provided for the selling of traditional bamboo bucket, mana-pathi.
Commercialization along the main blacktopped road
Tea shop in Pyan gaun
Page 43

Since agriculture is the main occupation of the people of
Pyangaun, most of the people are engaged in the activities
related to agriculture. People seem to be busy on their fields
during the cultivating seasons while in productive seasons they
are involved in drying of agricultural products and their stacking
and storing.
The agricultural fields also grows large extent of bamboo.
Bamboo craft being the main identity and the traditional practice
of Pyangaun, old age people are engaged in bamboo crafts such
as making dokos, sitting mats (sukul) out of rice straws till
date. These kind of activities are seen live in front of every
household which makes the streetscape of Pyangaun more lively
and interesting. The use of traditional bamboo buckets ( manapathi ) is decreasing these days which is also decreasing the
production of such buckets. This has impact on the traditional
methods of making bamboo buckets. On the realization of the
importance of the traditional practice, bamboo bucket making
trainings are conducted once every year where traditional skills
and methods are taught. Many people today are also involved in
other occupations.
The large triangular pond on the bank of the main road used to
be a major source of water for household purposes. The
condition of the pond is poor today. People are slowly being
aware about this fact. Therefore pond cleaning programmes are
conducted once every month. Fish cultivation is also done in the
pond. The enrolment of the youth is seen in this activity.This
pond has great extent of opportunities for the people of
Pyangaun if utilized properly.
Page 44
INTERESTING FEATURES
Century-old craft of making beautiful bamboo buckets used to measure
grains:
Pyangaun showcases its historical significance, rich
culture, arts and handicrafts. The making of bamboo
buckets are not found elsewhere and exhibit its
uniqueness in its making. However, there is need to
develop community based tourism and bring in
tourism activities in the community. Other than the
measuring buckets the community also produces other
products that are made from bamboo such as doko,
mat, etc.
Nepal Tourism Board showed interest to support the
program "Pyangaun Craft Village Development Program" launched by TNW on the eve
of Nepal Tourism Year 2011. In August 2011, the Pyangaun Tourism Development
Committee has organized Craft Making Training for the local youth to preserve the craft
making skills and the crafts. It is the great news at a time when the people are getting worried
that there is no one to carry on his century-old craft of making beautiful bamboo buckets
used to measure grains. It has been assumed that their venerable skill is on the verge of
extinction.
Page 45
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH
Uniqueness in Bamboo craft of making measuring tool

can be a guiding component for conservation aspectThis craft of making measuring buckets is one of a kind
which can only be found in this village.Hence, the art of
making this tool should be explored and exhibited.
Exploring such a element to a place aid in recognization of
the place throughout the country and also worldwide.
Architecture elements-As stacking of corns, hanging of

straws, etc can be a defining feature for the site. This
architecture features of stacking of corn are not seen elsewhere
in the valley areas and is termed as thanger in local language.
It is one of the intresting feature that presents the identity and
setting of the village.
Availability of Means of transportation- transportation plays

vital role in establishing a place. Availability of road as
destination to this place makes it an accessible space that can be
approached by the interested people. The available
road
Pedestralization-The streetlane of pyan gaun is

pedestrianised which has helped in increasing the
pedestrian activity ultimately makes walking a
pleasant activity for the tourist who visits this
place.
Page 46
Availability of open spaces even in present context.- Open space are important for the
society to indulge in social activity.This spaces in our study area can be taken as frontage
space which provides a vibrant space that is used
in present scenario for various propose and is one
of the strength for the society.
WEAKNESS
Pond pollution can lose its significance and use

Pyangaun has a large triangular pond which had
been anciently used as a source for drinking
water.Availability of other water resource has degraded the
use of pond and its water.Which is why the pond is not kept
clean. The pond is situated in the front of the settlement and
so the pollution in the pond affects the scenario.
Lack of awareness among the people residing in the areaNearly 45 percentages of people are literate. However, there major
population is unaware about the importance of the craft making
technique pyang and that it can extinguish if not conserved. They
are also unaware of architectural features of their village and the
effect of modernism to its traditional setting.
Lack of infrastructure services such as water supply, drainage

and sanitation- Infrastructures are the major components that
indicate the development of the place.Lack of such service affect in
projection of village which can display unmanaged system followed
by the community.Clean and healthy environment is well perceived
by any individual which can be achieved through proper development of the
infrastructures. For example: unmanaged electric line affects the skyline of the place.
Page 47
Less number of youth following traditional bamboo

craft: This village name is believed to be derived from
the craft of bamboo. This identity is now limited to only
one household who still performs the craft. Engagement
of locals to other occupation has lessened the number of
people involved in this field. Also there is very less
number of youth in the community who are following
this occupation which is a weakness for the community
to precede this craft further.
OPPORTUNITIES
Tourism can be developed by conserving site and

their authenticism-Cultural values are truthfully and
credibly expressed through a variety of attributes
including: Form and design, Use and function, Materials
and substance, Traditions-techniques and management
systems. This village still executes the traditional way of
lifestyle such as practice of language, traditional way of
farming, traditional way of stacking grains-corns, etc
which is somehow lacking in the urban core
Potential for economic growth- The village still

execute different kind of social activity which can help
in the economic growth such as fishing in the pond,
selling the agriculture produce, selling of bamboo made
products, etc.
Promotion of traditional life- Form and fabric,

material and method of design, use and function of a
particular place is affected by the cultural influence, technique, ritual practice and
differentiate it from any other place. It is the traditional construction technique,
workmanship, artisan techniques, ritual and also the management of the community and
activities related to it.
Page 48
THREAT
Loss of identity if the crafts are not conserved or

used. Traditions and techniques are referred to belief
and customs those are handed down especially orally or
in practice. The craft of this place is one important
identity factor which is why the extinction of the craft
of making pyang should not occur.
PROBLEM AND ISSUES

Effect of Modernism:
One of the major problem for the site and the surrounding is Modernism. The attention of people
towards new concepts, requirement with new construction technology and material leads in
demolition our rich heritage as a result leads in breaking of the harmony of traditional architecture.
Due to modernism grooming around the city ,the pleasant scenario of the traditional settlement
are being endangered day by day. Due to lack of harmony between past and present buildings the
important structure are seen as dominated and less value. Therefore mordernism can be catagorized
as one of the major factor effecting in preservation of traditional architecture.
Lack of Maintenance and Proper Care:
The original people are rapidly moving towards the outer skirt and the core area are being abandon.
The people remained are the migrated people staying in rent who dont have any attachment with
the existing monuments, structure and culture which leads to lack of proper maintenance and
proper care. This is one of reason why the existing structure are degrading day by day. The act of
Vandalism, negligence and lack of proper functional use of the building spaces and elements are
some of major causes of deterioration.
Sustainability:
Sustainability is one of important factor which is to be considered in conservation. Any built form
cannot exist until and unless any sustainable activity is injected. Sustainability can be obtained by
either commercial use or cultural or personal.As per our study we found that even some buildings
with important historical background are degrading day by day because of lack of proper function
Page 49

for its sustainability. Hence sustainability can be obtaineed by change its function or inserting any
such activity which uplifts its function.
Dilapidation and structural deterioration:
Traditional house and settlement displays slow decay of structural materials because of
unawareness in the people.The deterioration of building elements and erosion of decorative
elements which are damaged from insect infestation, vegetation growth, and uncontrolled water
movement directly and indirectlt affects the traditional setting in terms of structure.
Page 50

CONCLUSION
From this study we were able to learn and gather the detail lnformation of our site, Pyan gaun. Not
only, we studied about the pyan gaun but we have gathered the information about the neighbouring
monuments, locality etc as well. From this study we were able to understand the problem and
analyize the condition of this village and were able to find out the causes of the worst condition of
the state.
The traditional buildings and monuments and its setting are the important
component of our ancient settlement, it need immediate attention and approach for a conservation.
This phase of our conservation studio will help us to work for further detailing and guide us for
the second phase of the conservation project.
Page 51

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Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

About the village

Century-old craft of making

Site Study of Pyangaun

Corn stacks raised from ground are particularly notable

Agan Chen and Nasha Dyo Chen

Pyan Gaun Bus-Park

Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

Settlement is believed to start 500 years ago from Sanghu,

Site Study of Pyangaun

First major crop

Second major crop

Potato, mustard, soya bean, barley, onion, garlic

Site Study of Pyangaun

Greeneries and Terrain

Altitude difference of 10m (1470m -1480m)

Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

The pure residential unit is seen in the linear

Site Study of Pyangaun

Jan Bhawana Campus

Site Study of Pyangaun

Nasa dyo puja

Site Study of Pyangaun

Nasha Dyo Chen

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF SETTLEMENT

Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

Material and Technology

Fig.:Use of Traditional Material

Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

Fig. : Typical cross-section of Traditional Newari house

Site Study of Pyangaun

CONTEXTUALISM - Compatibility to context

Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

GROWTH AND TRENDS

Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

Black Topped Road

Black Topped Road

TOPPEDwith the width

Site Study of Pyangaun

Brick Paved Road

Mud and Gravelled Road

Site Study of Pyangaun

Site Study of Pyangaun

b. Sewerage and Drainage system:

Site Study of Pyangaun