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    Vector Calculus HW12

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    This document contains a homework problem set on vector calculus and Gauss's divergence theorem. It involves computing several surface integrals using the divergence theorem. One problem shows that the volume of a solid enclosed by a closed surface S can be represented as the surface integral of ∇r2 over S divided by 6. Another problem proves that the Newtonian potential u, defined using a density function ρ, satisfies Poisson's equation Δu = ρ.

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    Vector Calculus HW12

    Uploaded by

    ghost
    8 views3 pages
    This document contains a homework problem set on vector calculus and Gauss's divergence theorem. It involves computing several surface integrals using the divergence theorem. One problem shows that the volume of a solid enclosed by a closed surface S can be represented as the surface integral of ∇r2 over S divided by 6. Another problem proves that the Newtonian potential u, defined using a density function ρ, satisfies Poisson's equation Δu = ρ.

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    This document contains a homework problem set on vector calculus and Gauss's divergence theorem. It involves computing several surface integrals using the divergence theorem. One problem shows that the volume of a solid enclosed by a closed surface S can be represented as the surface integral of ∇r2 over S divided by 6. Another problem proves that the Newtonian potential u, defined using a density function ρ, satisfies Poisson's equation Δu = ρ.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views3 pages

    Vector Calculus HW12

    Uploaded by

    ghost
    This document contains a homework problem set on vector calculus and Gauss's divergence theorem. It involves computing several surface integrals using the divergence theorem. One problem shows that the volume of a solid enclosed by a closed surface S can be represented as the surface integral of ∇r2 over S divided by 6. Another problem proves that the Newtonian potential u, defined using a density function ρ, satisfies Poisson's equation Δu = ρ.

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    You are on page 1of 3

    Vector Calculus

    Homework Section 3.6

    Section 3.6 @ p.238


    Problem 3
    Compute the surface integral below using Gausss divergence theorem:
    ( + ) + ( + ) + ( + )

    where

    : | + | + | + | + | + | = 1.

    Proof. Using direct computation, we have


    ( + ) + ( + ) + ( + )

    = ( + , + , + )

    Divergence
    (
    )
    Theorem

    (( + , + , + ))

    {|+|+|+|+|+|1}

    = 3

    {|+|+|+|+|+|1}

    Let = + , = + and = + , note that


    |

    ( , , )
    1
    |= ,
    (, , )
    4

    then
    ( + ) + ( + ) + ( + )

    = 3

    {|+|+|+|+|+|1}

    3
    =
    .
    4 {| |+| |+| |1}
    Since the volume of the solid that enclosed by the standard 2-simplex, 0, 0 and
    0 is 16, thus
    ( + ) + ( + ) + ( + )

    3
    3
    1
    =
    = 8 = 1.
    4 {| |+| |+| |1}
    4
    6

    1/3

    Vector Calculus
    Homework Section 3.6

    Problem 4

    Using Gausss divergence theorem to calculate the flux of vector field pass
    through surface of the followings:
    (a) = sin + cos + 2 , is the surface of the box enclosed by = 0, =
    1, = 0, = 1, = 0 and = 2.
    (b) = 3 2 2 2 , is the surface of the solid enclosed by 2 + 2 2 =
    1, = 2 and = 2.

    Proof. Section (a).

    = ( sin , cos , 2 )

    Divergence
    (
    )
    Theorem

    ( sin , cos , 2)

    = 2 = 2 = 2.

    Section (b).

    = ( 3 , 2 2 , 2 )

    Divergence
    (
    )
    Theorem

    ( 3 , 2 2 , 2 ) = 0 = 0.

    Problem 6
    Given any closed surface , prove that the volume of the solid that enclosed by can
    be represented by
    1
    = 2 .
    6

    Proof.

    (
    1
    2
    6

    Divergence
    )
    Theorem

    1
    1
    ( 2 ) = 6 = =
    6
    6

    Indeed they are not good notations, but this gives clear explanation.
    2/3

    Vector Calculus
    Homework Section 3.6

    Problem 9
    We define the Newtonian potential by
    (, , )

    1
    (, , )

    4 3

    where is density and = ( )2 + ( )2 + ( )2 . Show that satisfies


    Poissons equation (inhomogeneous Laplaces equation) below:
    = .

    Proof.2 Notations: I write and rather than = (, , ) and = (, , ).


    We assume that and its first derivatives are continuous and vanishes at infinity.
    Let be any open region (that is, open connected bounded set) in 3.
    Define (0 , ) and write = 0
    Using Greens 2nd identity, since = (14) = 0 in , we have
    = (

    )
    (
    ) .

    (0 ,)

    Note that

    lim

    = lim

    0 ( ,)
    0 4 ( ,)
    0
    0
    lim

    (0 ,)

    Divergence
    )
    Theorem

    lim

    0 4

    1
    = lim

    4 2 (0 ,)

    = 0

    (0 ,)

    (MVT)

    = (0 ).

    Taking limit 0 and we obtain


    = (

    ) (0 ).

    Let = and taking . By assumptions of , we have


    3

    1
    1
    x () = (0 ).
    4 3

    Again, using Greens 2nd identity, by assumptions of


    1
    1
    x () = ( ) ().

    3
    3

    Note that (The verification is left as homework exercise) = , thus


    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    () = ( ) () = ( ) () = x ()
    4 3

    4 3

    4 3
    = (0 ).

    If you feel unsatisfied, you can just exchange the role of and . This also tells us

    that 1(4) is a Fundamental solution of 3-dimensional Laplace operator.


    3/3

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