MAT244 Quiz Solutions

Fall 2014 MAT232H5F
Problem Set for Final Exam Solutions

Problem 1
Consider the curve given by parametric equations
() = 2
1
2
() = 1
for < < .

(a) Sketch the curve described by the above equations;
(b) Find point(s) of horizontal and vertical tangencies (if any).
Solution. Let us rst provide a sketch of the curve (should as usual nd a few
points and connect the dots)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
In order to nd points of horizontal and vertical tangency it suces to write the

formula for the slope of the curve
d
=
d
d
d
d
d
The numerator is never 0, therefore the curve has no points of horizontal tangency.
On the other hand, the denominator equals 0 for = 0, which tells us that for
= 0 we have a vertical tangency. Thus the point ((0), (0)) = (1/2, 0) is the
only point of vertical tangency of the curve

Problem 2
Dene the function
(, ) =
3
1 + 2 + 2
(a) compute (, ) and (, );

(b) compute the gradient vector at (0, 0);
(c) nd and classify critical points of ;

(d) let (), () be given as in the previous problem; nd a value so that
the tangent vector at the curve ((), ()) for = is orthogonal to the
direction of fastest change of at the point (( ), ( ));
(e) nd the derivative of the composition () = ((), ()) for =
found at the previous step.
Solution. Using the denition of and we obtain:
(, ) = 3
1 2 + 2
(1 + 2 + 2 )2
(, ) =
6
(1 + 2 + 2 )2
The gradient vector (0, 0) is therefore given by:

(0, 0) = (0, 0), (0, 0) = 3, 0
In order to nd critical points of we need to set (, ) = 0, that is
1 2 + 2
(1 + 2 + 2 )2
6
0 = (, ) =
(1 + 2 + 2 )2
0 = (, ) = 3
from the second equation we gather that either = 0 or = 0; if = 0 the

rst equation reduces to 1 + 2 = 0, which has no solutions; thus we must have
= 0. Plugging in this relation in the rst equation we obtain 1 2 = 0, which
therefore give the two solutions (1, 0). Let us now classify the critical points.
We need to compute the second derivatives of at the given points:
2(1 + 2 + 2 )2 4(1 + 2 + 2 )(1 2 + 2 )
(1 + 2 + 2 )4
6(1 + 2 + 2 )2 242 (1 + 2 + 2 )
=
(1 + 2 + 2 )4
6(1 + 2 + 2 )2 242 (1 + 2 + 2 )
=
(1 + 2 + 2 )4
= 3
Computing the above at (1, 0) we obtain:

(1, 0) =
3
2
(1, 0) = 0
(1, 0) =
3
2
2 = 9/4 > 0, so we have either a maximum or a minHence =

imum. We thus check the sign of ; we obtain that (1, 0) is a maximum and
(1, 0) is a minimum.
d
The tangent vector at the curve ((), ()) is given by d
d , d , and the direction of fastest change of at a given point (0 , 0 ) is the gradient (0 , 0 ).
If we want the two vectors to be orthogonal we need to set equal to 0 the dot
product
d d
, , =
d d
2
1 ()2 + ()2
6( 1/2)( 1)
= 6 3
(1 + ()2 + ()2 )2
(1 + ()2 + ()2 )2
0=
By inspection we observe that = = 0 satises the above equation.

Finally, by the chain rule
( ) =
d
d
( ), ( ) (( ), ( )), (( ), ( )) = 0
d
d
Problem 3
Write an equation for the plane passing through the points (1, 2, 2), (0, 1, 0)
and (2, 0, 1). Find the area of the triangle
Solution. Let us compute = 1, 1, 2 and = 1, 2, 1; thus
= 3, 3, 3. We conclude that we can choose 1, 1, 1 to be the normal
vector to our plane. Let us nd the equation of the plane with the given normal
vector passing through the point :
1(0) + (1)1 + 1(0) + = 0
from which we obtain = 1. The required equation is thus:
+ + 1 = 0
The area of the triangle is given by | |/2 = 3 3/2.
Problem 4
Suppose is a dierentiable function of one variable. Show that all tangent planes
to the surface described by the equation = (/) intersect in a common
point.
Solution. Let us rst compute
= (/) + (/)(/2 ) = (/) (/)/
= (/)(1/) = (/)
Hence, the equation of the tangent plane at the surface at (0 , 0 ) is given by:
(0 , 0 ) + ( 0 ) + ( 0 ) =
0 (0 /0 ) + + + 0 (0 /0 ) + (0 /0 )0 0 (0 /0 ) =
+
we conclude that the point (0, 0, 0) belongs to all such planes.
Problem 5
Consider the function (, , ) = 2 2 ;
(a) nd linear equations for the plane that is tangent to the level surface (, , ) =
1 at the point (0 , 0 , 0 )
(b) nd (0 , 0 , 0 ) so that the distance from the origin of the tangent plane
at (0 , 0 , 0 ) found at the previous step is maximal.
Solution. Let us compute the gradient of the function:
= 2 2
= 2 2
= 22
Thus the plane in question is given by the equation

( 0 )02 02 + 20 ( 0 )0 02 + 20 02 0 ( 0 ) = 0
02 02 + 20 0 02 + 20 02 0 50 02 02 = 0
The distance from the origin is given by |50 02 02 | = 5|(, , )| = 5 for any
point on the level surface (for instance (0 , 0 , 0 ) = (1, 1, 1) would work)

Problem 6
Find the maximum rate of change of (, ) = 2 + at the point (1, 1). In

what direction does it occur?
Solution. We know that the maximum rate of change is given by the length of
the gradient vector at the point and the direction is given by the direction of the
gradient vector. Let us thus compute :
= 2
1
= 2 +
2
Hence, (1, 1) = 2, 3/2; the length of the vector (that is the maximal rate of
change) is 4 + 9/4 = 5/2; the (unit) vector giving the direction in which this
maximum is attained is thus given by 4/5, 3/5

Problem 7
Find local maxima, minima and saddle points of the function
(, ) = 2 + 2 9 + 6 + 10
Solution. As usual, let us nd the partial derivatives of the above function
= 2
= + 2 + 6
We can therefore nd critical points by setting both partial derivatives to be equal

to 0. The rst one gives us = 2; substituting in the second equation we obtain
+ 4 + 6 = 0, which gives = 2 and = 4. Thus the only critical point

of the function is (2, 4). Let us now compute second derivatives:
= 2
= 1
= 2
Hence = 4 1 = 3 > 0, so it can be either a maximum or a minimum. Since

> 0 it has to be a minimum.

Problem 8
A particle moves in space according to the equations:
() = 52
() = 10
() = 52 40
(a) for which value(s) of is the velocity vector parallel to the -plane?
(b) at which point the particle has minimum speed?
Solution. Let us rst recall that the velocity vector is given by
d d d
, , = 10, 10, 10 40.
d d d
If we want the vector to be parallel to the plane we need the component to

be equal to 0; hence we nd 10 40 = 0 or = 4.
On the other hand, the speed of the particle is given by the length of the velocity
vector; if we want to minimize the speed we can as well minimize the square of
the speed, that is the function:
2 () = 1002 + 100 + (1002 + 1600 800) = 2002 800 + 1700.
the minimum of the function is found for 400 = 800, or = 2. Hence the
minimum occurs at the point (20, 20, 60)

Problem 9
Consider the polar curve which satises the following equation
2 = cos 3.
sketch the curve [make sure to sketch all the curve]
compute the area enclosed by the curve
Solution. The domain of the function is the set of so that cos(3) 0, therefore
we have /6 /6, /2 5/6 and 7/6 3/2. In each of
these domains we can thus use the formula and obtain the curve:
6
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.5
Observe that we can also choose a negative sign for s since the equation is for
2 . In order to compute the area enclosed by the curve, we can as well compute
the area of one of the lobes and then multiply by 6. The area is therefore:
6
1 /6
1 /2
cos 3d = 6 cos d = 2
2 /6
6 /2
Problem 10
Find an equation for the plane that passes through the point (1, 0, 3) and contains the line = 6 7, = 6 + 5, = 4 + 8. What is the angle that the plane
forms with the -plane?
Solution. Let us denote with (1, 0, 3)). Our plane must be parallel to the vector
identifying the line, that is 7, 5, 8. Moreover, it has to pass by the segment from
to any point on the line. Let us pick = 0 so that we can take (6, 6, 4); this
gives our second vector = 5, 6, 7.
We can thus nd the normal to our plane using the vector product of the two
vectors:
= 13, 89, 67
Finally we nd such that
(13) 1 + (67) (3) + = 0
188 + = 0
Thus = 188. If we need to nd the angle with the plane it suces to
nd the angle between the two normal vectors. We already computed the normal
vector to the given plane; the normal vector to the plane is 0, 01, therefore
the angle
cos = 67/132 + 892 + 672
Problem 11
Find the domain of denition of the function
32
(, ) =
2 + 22
Solution. The numerator is always dened; the function is thus dened if 2 +
22 > 0, which holds whenever (, ) (0, 0)

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Fall 2014 MAT232H5F

Problem Set for Final Exam Solutions

for < < .

In order to nd points of horizontal and vertical tangency it suces to write the

(a) compute (, ) and (, );

(c) nd and classify critical points of ;

The gradient vector (0, 0) is therefore given by:

from the second equation we gather that either = 0 or = 0; if = 0 the

Computing the above at (1, 0) we obtain:

2 = 9/4 > 0, so we have either a maximum or a minHence =

By inspection we observe that = = 0 satises the above equation.

The area of the triangle is given by | |/2 = 3 3/2.

Thus the plane in question is given by the equation

Find the maximum rate of change of (, ) = 2 + at the point (1, 1). In

We can therefore nd critical points by setting both partial derivatives to be equal

+ 4 + 6 = 0, which gives = 2 and = 4. Thus the only critical point

Hence = 4 1 = 3 > 0, so it can be either a maximum or a minimum. Since

If we want the vector to be parallel to the plane we need the component to

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