Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources:
Brownstein, Charles, and Joe Izenman. "Audio Of 1954 Juvenile Delinquency Hearings
Resurfaces." September 3, 2012. Accessed January 14, 2017.
http://cbldf.org/2012/09/audio-of-1954-juvenile-delinquency-hearings-resurfaces/.

We used this website for the photograph of Fredric Wertham while he was examining a comic
book.

Kohler, Max. "Paul Gravett: Why make a Graphic Novel." November 25, 2015. Accessed January
14, 2017. http://www.maxkoehler.com/2015/vp-5/.

We used this website for a photograph of people burning comic books in 1948 in Binghamton.

"Letter from Robert Merdian regarding comic book censorship, June 22, 1954." Congress
Investigates. February 20, 2015. Accessed January 14, 2017.
https://www.visitthecapitol.gov/exhibitions/artifact/letter-robert-merdian-regarding-com
Ic-book-censorship-june-22-1954.

We used this website for the image of a letter from a 14 year old comic reader. It was to teh
senate subcommittee and was written in the defence of comic books.

Nyberg, Amy Kiste. Seal of approval: the history of the comics code. Jackson: University Press of
Mississippi, 1998.

This book helped us understand the way that comic books were becoming more controversial
because they drove kids away from more appropriate content after modern comics were
introduced in the mid 1930s. Publishers were in danger of the government passing a
censorship legislation, so instead they had a self-regulatory code.

Quarles, Philip. "Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency." WNYC. August 24, 2012.
Accessed January 3, 2017.
http://www.wnyc.org/story/215964-senate-subcommittee-juvenile-delinquency/.

This website was about a senate subcommittee hearing on April 21, 1954. We used

Sergi, Joe. "Tales from the Code: How Much Did Things Change After the Enactment of the
Comics Code of 1954?" August 23, 2012. Accessed January 14, 2017.
http://cbldf.org/2012/08/tales-from-the-code-how-much-did-things-change-after-the-en
actment-of-the-comics-code-of-1954/.

We used three images from this website. It helped us understand how much the code actually
a ected comics. It cleared up any confusion with the images, because it really showed simple
things that had to be changed to be published with the CCA stamp.

StanLeeMonsters. Stan Lee Creating Spider-Man - The Comic Code Controversy. Filmed
[August 2009]. Youtube videos, 02:12 Posted [August 2009].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBcyCAibXxM

This youtube video is a primary source because it is an interview of Stan Lee talking about the
Comic Code. This is a great video because it helped us understand the view that the comic book
writers had about the CCA.

Wertham, Fredric. 1954. Seduction of the Innocent. New York: Rinehart.

This book is a primary source because this book was a great in uence for the creation of the
Comic Code Authority.

Secondary Sources:

Allen, Erin. "Seduction of the Innocent: Papers of Comic-Book 'Villain' Opened." Seduction of the
Innocent. October 2010. Accessed December 17, 2016.
https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/1010/wertham.html.

This website helped us understand how the book Seduction of the Innocent was used in the ght
against comic books. This book alarmed parents about the dangers of letting their children read
inappropriate content.

Code of the Comics Magazine Association of America." "Good Shall Triumph over Evil": The
Comic Book Code of 1954. Accessed January 18, 2017.
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6543/.

This website helped us understand the concern of comic books to parents and educators.
People believed that some comic books lead to a rise in juvenile delinquency. Wertham had
been a main in uencer for the prohibition of certain comic books in order to protect children.
We used this source to look at all the things that were banned with the Comic Code.

"Comic Book Censorship." Records of Rights. Accessed January 3, 2017.

http://recordsofrights.org/events/83/comic-book-censorship.

This website helped us learn about the Senate subcommittee meeting to discuss how comic
books were the main in uence for juvenile delinquency.

"Comic Books and Juvenile Delinquency." February 20, 2015. Accessed January 3, 2017.
https://www.visitthecapitol.gov/exhibitions/congress-investigates/general-welfare/comic
-books-and-juvenile-delinquency.

This website helped us understand how congress reacted to the rapid rise in juvenile
delinquency by looking into how comic books could somehow a ect this. There were also
various images that helped us understand more about our topic.

"Comics Code History: The Seal of Approval." Comic Book Legal Defense Fund. Accessed January
14, 2017. http://cbldf.org/comics-code-history-the-seal-of-approval/.

We used this website for the image of the Comic Code approval stamp. It also helped inform
about the di erent major events that happened concerning the comic code.

Crotty, Rob. The Congressional Archives. 3rd ed. Vol. 41. Prologue, 2009.
https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2009/fall/congressional.html

This source shows evidence that was submitted by the 1954 Senate subcommittee regarding
the concerning images shown in the comics.

Daniel, Les. Comix, a History of Comic Books in America. New York: Outerbridge and Dienstfrey,
1971. http://www.mit.edu/activities/safe/labeling/comics-code-1954

This source helped us with a lot because it is shows the di erent rules that you had to follow of
the Comic Code under di erent categories. It speci cally lists all the things that are prohibited
under the CCA.

jeriberri1. Comics Code Authority. Filmed [March 2011]. Youtube videos, 01:27 Posted [March
2011]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuKqeDb6R_s

This video helped us with our research because it was what rst introduced us to what the
Comic Code was. It was a very helpful and quick video that quickly led us to more resources
that we could use for our project.

Nyberg, Amy Kiste. Seal of Approval: The History of the Comics Code. Jackson: University Press of

Mississippi, 1998.

This book helps us understand more about the seal of approval and the history of comic books.

Dutton, Scott. "The Comics Code Authority." Catspaw Dynamics. August 16, 2015. Accessed
January 14, 2017. http://www.catspawdynamics.com/comics-code-authority/.

We used an image from this website. It is the recreation of Ira Schnapps design of the the
Comic Code Authority stamp.

Mega, Al. "Archie Comics Announces Involvement in Historic Love is Love Anthology. December
07, 2016. Accessed January 14, 2017. http://www.comiccrusaders.com/archie-comics-
announces-involvement-in-historic-love-is-love-anthology/.

We used an image from this website in our own website.

TVPopCulture. A History of Comic Heroes: The Comic Code Authority. Filmed [July 2013].
Youtube videos, 06:26 Posted [July 2013].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEoHUk7Zrdc.

This Youtube video gave us a lot of information on the comic code. It was one of our rst
resources which we then used to nd more and more sources with the information that we
gathered from this.

World Heritage Encyclopedia. "Seduction of the Innocent." Seduction of the Innocent. Accessed
December 20, 2016. http://www.worldlibrary.org/articles/seduction_of_the_innocent.

This website helped us to understand that themes and content from Fredric Werthams book
Seduction of the Innocent. It explains over how Fredric Wertham exaggerates his proof so that he
is able to target not only inappropriate comic books, but also crime or horror comic books.