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    Chronic Renal Failure

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    irismgall
    Chronic renal failure, also known as end-stage renal disease, is the progressive loss of kidney function over months or years where less than 10% of function remains and dialysis or kidney transplant is needed to sustain life. It is caused by factors such as genetics, age, diabetes, and hypertension. Emergency management includes careful monitoring of electrolyte levels, emergency dialysis if hyperkalemia is detected, and administration of medications to treat complications like hyperkalemia. Diagnostic tests show elevated BUN and creatinine, low hemoglobin and bicarbonate levels, and imaging can show reduced kidney size. Treatment involves a low-protein diet, fluid management, medications, and dialysis or transplantation.

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    Chronic Renal Failure

    Uploaded by

    irismgall
    22 views3 pages
    Chronic renal failure, also known as end-stage renal disease, is the progressive loss of kidney function over months or years where less than 10% of function remains and dialysis or kidney transplant is needed to sustain life. It is caused by factors such as genetics, age, diabetes, and hypertension. Emergency management includes careful monitoring of electrolyte levels, emergency dialysis if hyperkalemia is detected, and administration of medications to treat complications like hyperkalemia. Diagnostic tests show elevated BUN and creatinine, low hemoglobin and bicarbonate levels, and imaging can show reduced kidney size. Treatment involves a low-protein diet, fluid management, medications, and dialysis or transplantation.

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    Chronic renal failure, also known as end-stage renal disease, is the progressive loss of kidney function over months or years where less than 10% of function remains and dialysis or kidney transplant is needed to sustain life. It is caused by factors such as genetics, age, diabetes, and hypertension. Emergency management includes careful monitoring of electrolyte levels, emergency dialysis if hyperkalemia is detected, and administration of medications to treat complications like hyperkalemia. Diagnostic tests show elevated BUN and creatinine, low hemoglobin and bicarbonate levels, and imaging can show reduced kidney size. Treatment involves a low-protein diet, fluid management, medications, and dialysis or transplantation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    22 views3 pages

    Chronic Renal Failure

    Uploaded by

    irismgall
    Chronic renal failure, also known as end-stage renal disease, is the progressive loss of kidney function over months or years where less than 10% of function remains and dialysis or kidney transplant is needed to sustain life. It is caused by factors such as genetics, age, diabetes, and hypertension. Emergency management includes careful monitoring of electrolyte levels, emergency dialysis if hyperkalemia is detected, and administration of medications to treat complications like hyperkalemia. Diagnostic tests show elevated BUN and creatinine, low hemoglobin and bicarbonate levels, and imaging can show reduced kidney size. Treatment involves a low-protein diet, fluid management, medications, and dialysis or transplantation.

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    Chronic Renal Failure (End-stage Renal Failure)-is the progressive loss of renal function over

    a period of months or years in which there is less than 10% of remaining


    renal function and dialysis or kidney transplant is required to sustained life.
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    Predisposing Factors: Precipitating Factors:
    -Genetics -diabetic nephropathy
    -Age -hypertensive nephrosclerosis

    EMERGENCY CARE MANAGEMENT:


     Careful monitor of serum level to detect hyperkalemia
     Emergency treatment is Dialysis Therapy
     Administration of 50% hypertonic glucose I.V, regular insulin, calcium glocunate
    I.V, sodium bicarbonate I.V and cation exchange resins such as sodium
    polystyrene sulfate.
    Cardiac tamponade resulting from pericardial effusion may result require
    emergency pericardial tap or surgery.
    Diagnostic Test:
     Elevated BUN, serum Creatinine, sodium and potassium level
     Decreased arterial pH and bicarbonate levels
     Low Hct and Hgb
     Increased blood glucose level
     ABG analysis
     X-RAY
     Kidney-ureter-bladder radiography
     Excretory urography
     Nephrotomography
     Renal scan
     Renal arteriography show reduced kidney size
     Abdominal X-RAY
     Abdominal CT Scan
     MRI
     Ultrasonography
     Renal biopsy
     EEG
    Treatment and drugs:
     Low-protein diet
     High-calorie diet prevents Ketoacidosis
     Restrict sodium, phosphorus and potassium
     Maintaining fluid balance
     Monitoring vital signs, weight changes and urine volume
     Loop diuretic (furosemide)
     Cardiac glycosides in small amount does used to mobilize the fluids causing the
    edema
     Antihypertensive
     Antiemetics given before meals
     Cimitidine, omreprazole or ranitidine may decrease gastric irritation
     Methylcellulose or docusate can help prevent constipation
     Folate supplements
     Severe anemia requires infusion of fresh frozen packed cells or washed packed
    cells
     Synthethic erythropoietin (epoietin alfa)
     Antipruritic, such as trimeprazine or diphenydramine, can relieve itching,
     Aluminum hydroxide gel can lower serum phosphate levels
     Supplementary vitamins and essential amino acids
     Calcium and phosphorus imbalance may be treated with phosphate binding
    agents, calcium supplements and reduction of phosphorus in the diet
     Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
     Kidney transplantation best choice of treatment
    NURSING MAMNGEMENT:
     Provide good skin care, bath patient daily
     Provide good oral hygiene
     Offer small, palatable, nutritious meal
     Monitor patients hyperkalemia, watch for cramping of the legs and abdomen and
    for diarrhea
     Carefully assess the patient’s hydration status
     Monitor for bone or joint complications
     Encourage the patient to perform deep-breathing and coughing exercise to
    prevent pulmonary congestion
     Maintain aseptic technique
     Carefully observe and document seizure activity
     Observe for sings of bleeding
     Schedule medication administration carefully
     If patient requires dialysis, check the vascular access every 2 hours for patency
    and the arm used for adequate blood supply and intact nerve function
     Withhold the morning dose of antihypertensive on the day of dialysis, check for
    disequilibrium syndrome.

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