Resource Information: Friedrich Wilhelm Zu Pferde

Euromodel Resource 1 of 7; Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde Hull Structure
Resource Information
Friedrich
Wilhelm zu
Pferde
17th. Century German Frigate
Launched 1684
Scale 1:48
Figure 1: Stern View of Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde
Resource Information 1 of 7
Hull Structure (version 5)
My build is an interpretation of the ship based on the

supplied drawings and the kit material this individual
approach has utilised small amounts of extra material.
This build manual was based on the original text supplied by Euromodel and then expanded in detail as the actual
ship was constructed by the author, Peter Coward. Neither the author or Euromodel have any commercial interest
in this manual and it is published on the Euromodel web site in good faith for other persons who may wish to build
this ship. Euromodel does not accept any responsibility for the contents that follow.
1
To Massimo
Whose untold generosity as owner of

Euromodel G.B.M. Snc
inspired me to translate his plans and instructions.
Who opened his family to my family

and maintained a long relationship via the Internet
between Adelaide, South Australia and Como, Italy.
Who also inspired me whilst building a kit model of the Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde
to create a documented manual of construction
for others to utilize.
To him I owe much
To All Ship Builders

Who Read This Document
To avoid any ambiguity
this documentation of my work is not an instructional manual for

this ship.
It is a record of how I approached the build of this ship utilizing

the provided kit and supplementing with additional material which was
dictated by my own personal choices.
No two ships from the same kit will or should ever look the same.
I simply wish to share my efforts with you !
Reference Text
The Masting and Rigging of English Ships of War 1625 1860 by James Lee (1984). Another
indispensable book ! Without this, the masting and especially the rigging would have been difficult.
The Construction and Fitting of the English Man of War 1650-1850 by Peter Goodwin (1984)
Historic Ship Models by Wolfram zu Mondfeld (1989).

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[To navigate through the contents use control + click]
Contents
RECENT CHANGES TO MANUAL.....................................................................................................9
Euromodel Preview ................................................................................................................................10
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................11

Historical Notes ...................................................................................................................................11
Construction Philosophy ......................................................................................................................12
Kit Building versus Scratch Building ............................................................................................12
How Did I Build This Ship?.................................................................................................................13
Kit Variations ...................................................................................................................................14
Chapter 2: TRANSLATION (from Italian to English).......................................................................15
Chapter 3: THE KIT .............................................................................................................................23

Drawings ..............................................................................................................................................23
Metal decorations .................................................................................................................................23
Component List ....................................................................................................................................24
Wood Laser-cut .............................................................................................................................24
Wood Limewood listello tiglio ..................................................................................................24
Plywood- compensata ......................................................................................................................24
Wood Walnut listello noce .........................................................................................................24
Accessories.......................................................................................................................................26
Colours .................................................................................................................................................28
Chapter 4: HULL STRUCTURE (Part 1) ...........................................................................................29

A Suggested Construction Overview ...................................................................................................29
Structural Integrity ...............................................................................................................................30
Frames and the Keel .........................................................................................................................30
Deck Beam Alignment .....................................................................................................................30
Mast Steps ........................................................................................................................................30
Fixing the Frames in Position ..........................................................................................................31
Cell Construction .............................................................................................................................31
Frame Adjustment ............................................................................................................................31
Gun Battery Deck Positioning .........................................................................................................32
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Stern Construction ...............................................................................................................................33

Stern Filler Blocks ...........................................................................................................................34
Upper Deck Preparations .....................................................................................................................35
Stringer Alignment ...........................................................................................................................35
Main Deck Opening .........................................................................................................................36
Frame 6 Explained ...........................................................................................................................37
Deck Support ...................................................................................................................................37
Deck Planking Principles .................................................................................................................38
Main Deck Planking Preparation (non installation) .....................................................................39
Bow Construction ................................................................................................................................40
False Keel & Posts Preliminary Discussion ......................................................................................41
Stem Post .........................................................................................................................................41
Inversion Support Stand .......................................................................................................................41
False Keel Tapering .............................................................................................................................42
Chapter 5: HULL STRUCTURE (Part 2) ...........................................................................................43

Bulkheads .............................................................................................................................................43
Bowsprit ...............................................................................................................................................46
Hatchways & Grates ............................................................................................................................47
Grate Appearance .............................................................................................................................47
Main Deck, Grate Type 18 + Grate Type 19 ..............................................................................47
Quarter Deck: Grate Type 25 ........................................................................................................48
Upper Quarter Deck: Grate Type 28 .............................................................................................49
Forecastle Deck: Grate Type 11 ....................................................................................................49
Stove.....................................................................................................................................................49
Yard Arm Bollards ...............................................................................................................................50
Chapter 6: STEERAGE,ANCHORAGE & HAULAGE ....................................................................52

Steerage ................................................................................................................................................52
Rudder ..............................................................................................................................................52
Rudder Pendants ..............................................................................................................................52
Anchorage ............................................................................................................................................53
Anchor Assembly .................................................................................................................................53
Anchor Cable (gomene delle ancora) ..............................................................................................53
Haulage ................................................................................................................................................54
Cathead (gru di capone) ...................................................................................................................54
Capstan (argano) ..............................................................................................................................55
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Chapter 7: ADVANCED NOTES .........................................................................................................57

Tools ....................................................................................................................................................57
Stern Construction ...............................................................................................................................59
Transom Support ..............................................................................................................................60
Stern Filler Blocks ...........................................................................................................................61
Transom Shaping .............................................................................................................................62
Rudder ..................................................................................................................................................65
Rudder Pendants ..............................................................................................................................65
Anchor Assembly .................................................................................................................................66
Sheet Anchor & Bow Anchor (ancora di speranza e ancora di posta).............................................66
Anchor Ring (cicala delle ancora) ...................................................................................................67
Anchor Cable (cavo delle ancora) ...................................................................................................67
Cathead (gru di capone) .......................................................................................................................67
Capstan (argano) ..............................................................................................................................69
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Illustrations
[The figures below are not hyperlinked]
Figure 1: Stern View of Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde ...............................................................................1
Figure 2: Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde Model .........................................................................................11
Figure 3: Section From Plan Sheet 2 ........................................................................................................12
Figure 4: Gun Port Detail .........................................................................................................................12
Figure 5: A Very Basic Gun Carriage ......................................................................................................14
Figure 6: Re-organisation of Plan Sheets (from another kit) ...................................................................23
Figure 7: Identifying Metal Castings ........................................................................................................23
Figure 8: Colour Scheme Used by a Modeller .........................................................................................28
Figure 10: Stern Frames in Position .........................................................................................................30
Figure 10: Bow Frames in Position ..........................................................................................................30
Figure 11: Overall View of Frames in Position .......................................................................................30
Figure 12: Foremast Step .........................................................................................................................30
Figure 13: Main Mast Step .......................................................................................................................30
Figure 14: Creating Cell Strengtheners ....................................................................................................31
Figure 15: Adjusting Length of Gun Deck ...............................................................................................32
Figure 16: Fixing Port-side of Gun Deck in Position ...............................................................................32
Figure 17: Creating a Flat Transom - a Choice ........................................................................................33
Figure 18: Stern Filler Blocks ..................................................................................................................34
Figure 19: Transom First Planking ...........................................................................................................34
Figure 20: Dry Fitting of Decks ...............................................................................................................35
Figure 21: Curved Transom Illustrated ....................................................................................................35
Figure 22: Enlargement of Deck Opening for Bollard .............................................................................36
Figure 23: Opening in Main Deck Showing the Gun Deck .....................................................................36
Figure 24: Reducing the Size of Frame 6 .................................................................................................37
Figure 25: Deck Support Along Deck Mid-Line ......................................................................................37
Figure 26: Portion of Main Deck Adjacent to Main Mast (Top View) ...................................................39
Figure 27: Underside View of Main Deck Showing Reinforcing Strip ...................................................39
Figure 29: Plan View of Frames 1 & 2 ....................................................................................................40
Figure 29: Front View of Frame 1 - Alignment of Front Top Edge with Main Deck Profile ..................40
Figure 30: False Keel Showing Marking for the Fitting of Frame 1 ........................................................40
Figure 31: Partially Shaped Bow Filler Blocks ........................................................................................40
Figure 32: Careful Use of Limited Material to Form Bow Filler Blocks .................................................40
Figure 33: Stem Post with Carved Lines ..................................................................................................41
Figure 34: Inversion Stand & Its Use .......................................................................................................41
Figure 35: False Keel in Plan Sheet 2 ......................................................................................................42
Figure 36: Construction of False Keel .....................................................................................................42
Figure 37: Stern & Bow Tapering of Keel ...............................................................................................42
Figure 38: Bulkhead Placement ...............................................................................................................43
Figure 39: A Modeller's Construction of Bulkhead B..............................................................................44
Figure 40: Diagrammatic View of Bulkhead B .......................................................................................44
Figure 41: First Stage of Building Bulkhead B ........................................................................................44
Figure 42: Curving the Bulkhead Curve a Work in Progress .............................................................45
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Figure 43: To Be Replaced By Something Better !!! ...............................................................................45

Figure 44: Foremast & Bowsprit Abutment .............................................................................................46
Figure 45: Grate Types 18 (blue) + 19 (green) in one composite diagram ..............................................47
Figure 46: Grate Type 18 .........................................................................................................................48
Figure 49:Grate Type 28 ..........................................................................................................................49
Figure 51: Main Mast Bollard Viewed From Starboard Side ..................................................................50
Figure 52: Bollard Cleat ...........................................................................................................................50
Figure 53: Bollard 'Sheaves' .....................................................................................................................50
Figure 54: Main Mast Bollard in Position ................................................................................................50
Figure 55: Altering Frame for Foremast Bollard Positioning ..................................................................51
Figure 56: Altering Length of Foremast Bollard ......................................................................................51
Figure 57: Positioning Foremast Bollard .................................................................................................51
Figure 58: Sweep & Tiller........................................................................................................................52
Figure 59: Rudder Pendant.......................................................................................................................52
Figure 60: Complete Anchor; Basic Form ...............................................................................................53
Figure 61: Fisherman's Knot ....................................................................................................................53
Figure 62: Anchor Rigging Showing Fisherman's Knot ...........................................................................53
Figure 63: Cathead Supporter, Basic .......................................................................................................54
Figure 64: Forming the Cathead Curve ....................................................................................................54
Figure 65: Alternative Method of Creating a Curve ................................................................................54
Figure 66: Sheaves in the Curved Catheads .............................................................................................55
Figure 67: Structure Typical for the Main Capstan .................................................................................55
Figure 68: Illustrating Curvature of Transom ..........................................................................................59
Figure 69: Curved Transom .....................................................................................................................59
Figure 70: Upper Transom Piece Fixed Onto Base ..................................................................................59
Figure 71: Base Board Used to Create Curved Transom .........................................................................59
Figure 72: Curving Lower Transom .........................................................................................................60
Figure 73: Starting Point for Curvature Formation ..................................................................................60
Figure 74: Alignment of Transom Support Pieces ...................................................................................60
Figure 75: Transom Support Pieces .........................................................................................................60
Figure 76: Stern Filler Blocks ..................................................................................................................61
Figure 77: Transom Curvature Perspective A ..........................................................................................62
Figure 78: Transom Curvature Perspective B ..........................................................................................62
Figure 79: Diagrammatic View, Lower Transom ....................................................................................63
Figure 80: Lower Transom, Alterations to be Made ................................................................................63
Figure 81: Overview of Stern Construction .............................................................................................63
Figure 82: Force-Fitting the Lower Transom ...........................................................................................64
Figure 83: Wilhelm zu Pferde Rudder .....................................................................................................65
Figure 84: Tiller Projection Through Rudder Post ..................................................................................65
Figure 85: Rudder - Pendant Rope Attachment .......................................................................................65
Figure 86: Rudder Bearding .....................................................................................................................65
Figure 87: Showing Size Variation of Baulks from Standard Stock Supplied ........................................66
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Figure 88: Bracket for Anchor Stowage...................................................................................................67

Figure 89: Curved Cathead Showing Bracket for Anchor Stowage ........................................................67
Figure 90: Cathead Rigging .....................................................................................................................68
Figure 91: Anchor Capstan Completed (Advanced Version) ..................................................................69
Figure 92: Fitting Whelps to Capstan Spindle .........................................................................................69
Figure 93: Capstan Base ...........................................................................................................................69
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RECENT CHANGES TO MANUAL
Version 1 to Version 2
Page numbering
Contents & illustration numbering
Chapter title headings
Addition of photo of cathead from a scratch model (p.66, Chp.6)
Addition of photos under Kit Building vs Scratch Building (p. 10, Chp. 1)
Additional text regarding gun carriages under Kit Variations (p. 13, Chp. 1)
Changes to Component List presentation of required timbers for the Fore, Main and Mizzen masts.
Page numbering
Explanation of division of 6 x 6 x 300 mm. timber for bollards, bitts, bowsprit knee
Editing of historical information
Editing of Component List (eye pins and mast caps)
Editing of shipyard site in Historical Notes
Addition of Suggested Construction Overview (Chp. 4)
Notes on inverting ship for working on lower hull planking & keel tapering (Chp. 4)
Notes on false keel tapering (Chp. 4)
9
Euromodel Preview
Plan Drawings
Euromodel Scratch Build

Kit Build Using the plans only and
utilising both your own
Referring to plan sheets
but making use of material materials AND the full
available in kit. detail shown in the plan
Increasing reference to plan sheets
STANDARD BUILD sheets and modifying supplied
materials as well as introducing
more of own material.
ADVANCED BUILD
Euromodel kits are based on sets of drawings by a naval architect and contain a comprehensive
amount of detail that would be a challenge to the most serious ship modeller. This is in contrast to
most other kits that whilst they also contain excellent plans, the intention there is to achieve a build
similar to the plans provided. Euromodel offers plans that can be interpreted at various levels of
complexity. If the builder has limited experience in the craft of shipbuilding, then the plans can be
read at a simplistic level.
Whilst all plan drawings are important to the construction of the Friedrich Wilhelm zu
Pferde, the builder is well advised to focus on three Plan Sheets 1, 2 and especially 10
It could well be argued that the outcome is somewhere on the continuum between a standard model
construction and a scratch model. How far you wish to extend this continuum is up to you and your
build of this ship will be determined by the degree of complexity you choose (refer to the diagram
above).
The kit material will go a long way towards achieving a good model but be aware that the purchase of
some extra material might be necessary depending on how far you wish to go in emulating the plans.
There will be little left over from the kit contents, but during the construction you should experience a
compelling drive to create something better than the basic model. Euromodel is aware of this
challenge and so provides just the basic needs and leaves it up to the modeller to determine how far he
will extend his skills.
In summary my comments are not prescriptive and if the detail is sometimes a little too precise,
please do not let this deter you. It will be up to you to take as much information as you wish and the
rest to throw overboard. It is your model, your creation, your handiwork.
10
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
Historical Notes
The Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde (Friedrich
Wilhelm on horseback) was built as the flagship of
the Brandenburg Navy at a Prussian shipyard in
Pillau under the guidance of the Dutch builder Jelis
Peckelhering and his team of Dutch shipwrights. At
this time, he was responsible for supervision of the
shipyards of Prussia (which included the province
of Brandenburg) in the cities of Kolberg,
Knigsberg, Pillau and Berlin and improved them
to Dutch standards.
Pillau has now been re-named by the Russians as

Baltiysk.
The ship was 32 metres in length, 9.8 metres wide

and with a tonnage of about 900 tons.
Designed with an armament of sixty guns, it

generally was only equipped with twenty 12-
pounders five cannons. The crew varied between
160 250 sailors and up to 50 soldiers.
The Friedrich Wilhelm was part of an active fleet

forming the Brandenburg Navy whose role in the
Figure 2: Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde Model seventeeth century was to protect and enhance
various trade routes.They were a powerful force in
the Baltic Sea as well as Africa and the Caribbean.
This ship made several trips ... in 1685 to its home port at Emden, in September 1691 from Emden to Shetland
Islands under the guide of Captain Jean Le Sage as a convoy escort for the Derfflinger. On July 25 th 1692,
along with a large fleet, the Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde sailed from Emden, heading towards Guinea in West
Africa. At this time in history, Brandenburg was at war with France. On the nights between of October 30th and
November 1st. 1692, three French ships and a brander (fire ship) fought the Friedrich Wilhelm. Early in the
battle, Captain Jean Le Sage was killed by cannon fire and the ship was set on fire and destroyed.
EUROMODEL
Euromodel Division of the GBM Snc di Mazza Massimo & C.
Via Aldo Galli, 11
22100 COMO (CO)
ITALY
e-mail : euro@euromodel-ship.com
home page http://www.euromodel-ship.com
Any submitted photos & comments will become the property of Euromodel Division of the GBM Snc di Mazza Massimo &
Co.
11
Construction Philosophy
Euromodel have tried to simulate all the designs of the Friedrich
Wilhelm zu Pferde in every possible way, with attention to detail
in order to appeal to the advanced model builder to construct this
model. The designs allow you to construct the vessel using both
pre-cut materials ready to use, and materials that require
preparation.
Plan Sheets 1 & 2 contains a considerable amount
of scratch information. This is a sheet that is
useful in interpreting the hull structure but does
contain much that is outside the scope of this kit.
Figure 3: Section From Plan Sheet 2

Kit Building versus Scratch Building
There may well be some confusion in looking at the plans since there is some considerable detail intended for the
scratch builder but which is not provided for in the kit. Fig. 3 shows the detail that could be included below
decks if engaging in a full scratch build. This kit has a comprehensive array of items to utilise in building this
ship. In many cases, these items may not display exactly the same dimensions as the plan sheets but nevertheless
will enable the construction of a fine ship. The kit builder will use what is provided but the scratch builder will
utilise the plans more fully and decide to spend far more time building particular items as well as purchasing
further items to enhance the ship build. Fig. 4 illustrates this point further ... a model showing the gunport lids
only partially open does not show the rope and eye pin on the inside surface used as part of the mechanism for
controlling the opening/ closing of the lid as shown in Plan Sheet 1.
i.e. no eye pins

supplied in kit for
gun port lids but
could be added as
part of scratch
build
Figure 4: Gun Port Detail
12
How Did I Build This Ship?

I felt compelled to build this ship from the kit provided but at the same time felt myself drawn to the
highly detailed plans which portray far more than the kit provides for. What to do ?
I decided to create a text and photographic portrayal of how the ship could be built from the kit and
located in a document on the Euromodel website named Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde Notes.
However, at many points I realised that there were alternative and more detailed construction processes
that could be carried out. This usually meant the supply of extra material but having gone to the
expense of purchasing the kit, the cost of the extra items was incidental. For these alternative
processes, you will see some words or heading that by ustilising control+click will allow you to
navigate directly to that area of Chapter 6 :

ADVANCED Error! Reference source not found.at the rear of this document. Try
control+ click on the words advanced notes in the previous sentence.
A good example is shown by the anchor capstan on Plan Sheet 2. The immense detail provided will
enable the construction of a capstan bearing no resemblance to the piece supplied in the kit but will be
of a greater historical accuracy. That degree of accuracy is beyond the scope of any kit but not the avid
scratch builder. However ... I found myself continually referring to the plan sheet diagrams and
calculating how I might improve upon what is in the kit. Somehow, I suspect every builder will
become to some degree a kit/scratch builder.
In any case its essential to exercise patience and attention to detail while constructing this model.
Without question this ship must be built with passion. The plans are there, an outline of the
fundamental steps is there but in the end the modeller must display a high degree of flair. The plans
must be studied at length before beginning because it is there that the builders will develop a set of
instructions for themselves. The kit will not necessarily provide all that is required if the modeller
aims to include some of the finer detail.
The kit WILL enable an excellent model to be built from the materials supplied. The plans must be
studied at length before beginning because it is there that the builders will develop a set of
instructions for themselves.
A complimentary criticism of Euromodels kits is that the photos displayed on the internet do not portray the kit
contents provided but in fact are scratch models. The simple fact is that there are so many variations and additions
to the original design possible that (at the risk of repetition) no two ships are going to look the same. The more you
examine the plans, the more you are likely to lean towards the scratch style of construction.
13
Euromodel appreciates your choosing this product and wishes you a challenging experience. There is
no question that the detail provided here on the plans and the material contained in the kit sets
Euromodel kits apart from other kits available on the market.
Construction Manual
The following documentation will hopefully offer to other future builders an easier sequential pathway of
construction. There is no doubt that others will see flaws or better ways of carrying out some step. In the end,
there can be no one way of doing anything so please read what I have written and then make your own judgement
about the best method for you and your build. This manual simply describes how I constructed this ship.
Whilst I was working under a limited build-time to create this hull, some might well criticise the quality of my
construction at some points and you might also be aware that photographing a small area on the hull and
enlarging it produces a very different image to the one seen simply through the eye. So whatever you see, make
yours better!
This manual is a real ship building in progress and unlike other similar texts, the photographs
show the raw work as it is being done no pristine publication-type photos.
Kit Variations
The serious modeller will make many changes and material substitutions. The choice is yours.
As I said earlier, Euromodel have supplied material which will enable you to produce a fine vessel.
As an illustration, here are a number of changes possible but the

list could go on and on ...
1. The gun carriages supplied do not really match the dimensions

or shape shown in the plans and Fig. 5 opposite illustrates the
much simplified structure (no quoin, no tapering, almost no
rigging, etc) and no paint detailing! Whilst labour intensive
and time consuming, there is much you can do to alter these
gun carriages. I chose to include quite a few details outside the
scope of the kit but certainly within the plan sheet description.
As an example, a large number of additional eye pins would be
needed here !
Figure 5: A Very Basic Gun
Carriage
2. Of particular challenge is the stern construction. From supplied
photographs, the majority of kit builders have opted to create a flat stern (transom) but the plan
sheets clearly show a curved transom. Refer to Error! Reference source not found.. So it is here
especially that there is a grand opportunity to test your skills and create the form that I believe it
should be. A challenging choice for the ship builder. Many will opt for the flat stern and that is
fine that is your choice.
14
3. The decks were traditionally well-scrubbed and lighter in colour than the planking on the hulls.
The kit supplies walnut but you could elect to choose a lighter coloured wood.
4. Different woods are available from suppliers for constructing masts & yards but the kit timber
supplied is of excellent quality.
15
Chapter 2: TRANSLATION (from Italian to English)
Whilst every care has been taken with this translation, the author claims little depth of knowledge of Italian and
thus various grammar and syntax errors will be apparent to those who are bilingual in these two languages.
An on-line dictionary is to be found on the Euromodel website Nautical Terms and

this will provide assistance for a large range of terms NOT included in the following
pages of translation from Italian to English.
As you read this manual on construction page by page, all of the plan sheet text in Italian
will be explained and translated in English so rather than trying to interpret individual
words or sentences on the sheets, just refer to the sequential text. I am hopeful that it will
all become quite clear to you.
16
Italian English Plan Translation

(Terms shown on the Plan Sheets but not included in the lists below - refer to Euromodel website, Nautical Terms)
Tavola 2 Plan Sheet 2

VISTE ESTERNE SCAFO, SEZIONE, HULL COMPLETE, CROSS
LONGITUDINALE E PIANTA SECTION, LONGITUDINAL & PLAN
VIEWS
VISTA DI TRIBORDO VIEW OF THE HULL ON STARBOARD SIDE
SEZIONEN LONGITUDINALE SULLA LONGITUDINAL CROSS SEDCTION VIEW
MEZZARIA NAVE ALONG SHIP CENTRE LINE
VISATA DELLE POPPA VIEW OF THE STERN
VISTA DELLE PRORA VIEW OF THE BOW, WITH BOW WORKS &
FIGUREHEAD
Particolare da realizzarsi a cura del modellista Details to be made by modeler
ISTRUZIONI PER LA PITTURAZIONE INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLOURING
1.I ponti dovranna essere color legno chiaro e 1.Decks must be bright wood colour & finished with wax
verniciati con transparente o finiti a cera. or varnish.
2.Saranno ross vivo: affusti dei cannoni, vericelli, 2.Following details will be red: gun carriages, winches,
argani, bitte, portaproiettili, pazienze, cavigliere, lato capstans, bitts, shell holders, belaying racks, pin racks &
interno portelli dei cannoni. inside of the gun port-hole doors.
3. Saranno color legno noce: le fiancate interne dello 3.Following details will be walnut coloured: inside
scafo, i corrimano delle ringhiere, scale, mastre dei bulwark, handrails, stairs, hatchway coamings & mast
boccaporti e degli alberi, alberi e pennoni coffe e coamings, masts & yards, tops & crosstrees, winch
crocette, aste dei vericelli, tutte le parte interne delle stocks, inside of life boats & their stands, blocks,
imbarcazioni, cavalletti di ... etc. deadeyes & belaying pins.
4. Tutte le parti metalliche (non ferrose) che non 4.All the non iron metallic parts that are not covered by
siano coperte dal colore di una zona come, ad the colour of the detail they are joined to , e.g. hinge of
esempio, le cerniere dei portelli dei cannoni, possono the gun door can be painted with a black and silver
essere pitturate con una miscela di nero e ... etc mixture to simulate steel.
5.Le canne dei cannoni (se di ottone ... etc.) 5.The barrels (brass or bronze) must be burnished.
6.Tutti i colori e la vernice trasparente ... etc 6.All the colours as well as varnish must be semi-lustre.
NOTE NOTES
- Per le sez. trasversali dello scafo ed i - For the cross sections of the hull & construction
particolari costruttivi dal NO 1 al ... etc. details from 1 to 17, refer to Plan Sheet 3
- Per i particolari costruttivi dal NO 18 ... etc. - For details from 18 to 35, refer to Plan Sheet 4.
COLORI - COLOUR COLORI COLOUR

Bianco white Rosso vivo bright red
Lego noce walnut wood Verde marcio olive green
Nero black Oro antico antique gold
Giallo ocra yellow earth Azzurro cielo blue sky
Colore terra earth colour
17

Sezioni Trasversali e Particolari 1-17 Transverse Sections & Items 1-17
SEZIONE VERSO POPPA SULLORDINATA 6 CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW AT FRAME 6
LOOKING TOWARDS POOP
SEZIONE VERSO POPPA SULLORDINATA CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW AT MAIN FRAME
MAESTRA LOOKING TOWARDS STERN
SEZIONE VERSO PRORA SULLORDINATA CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW AT MAIN FRAME
MAESTRA LOOKING TOWARDS BOW
PARTICOLARE DELLA PARATIA DI PRORA DETAIL OF BOW BULKHEAD
PARTICOLARE (TIPICO) DELL DETAIL (TYPICAL) OF THE GUN
INSTALLAZIONE DEI CANNONI (fuori scala) INSTALLATION (not to scale)
Bozzelli del paranco di rinculata Blocks of the recoil tackle
Bozzelli del paranco dei cannone Blocks of the gun tackle
1.CANNONI DEL PONTE BATTERIA (N O 20 1.GUNS OF BATTERY DECK (20 items)
PEZZI)
Affusti per scatola di montaggio Gun carriages to be produced (20 items)
2.CANNONI DEL PONTE DI COPERTA ... 2.MAIN DECK CANNONS (18 items)
Affusti per scatola di montaggio (No 10 pezzi) + No 8 Carriages for assembling box (10 items) + 8 items as per
pezzi come da partic. reale per i cannoni in vista the detail for guns in view.
3.CANNONI DEL CASTELLO E DEL 3.GUNS OF THE FORECASTLE & QUARTER
CASSERO (NO 10 PEZZI) DECKS (10 items)
O
4.CANNONI DEL CONTROCASSERO (N 4 ... 4.GUNS OF UPPERQUARTER DECK (4 items)
5. BITTONE ... PENNONE DI TRINCHETTO 5.TIE BITT OF THE FORE YARD
6. BITTONE DI DRIZZA DEL PENNONE ... 6.TIE BITT OF THE MAIN YARD
Sagomare sulla fiancata int. Mould on the inside broadside
NOTE NOTES
Salvo ove diversamente indicato sulla presente tavola Where not differently specified, all details of this as well
e sulle tavole successive, tutti i particolari sono ... etc. as following drawings have the same scale of the vessel.
Per il codice dei colori e le istruzioni per la ... etc. For colours & painting instructions, see Plan Sheet 2
Per i particolari dal NO 18 al NO 35 vedere la tav. ... For detail 18 to 35, see Plan Sheet 4.

PARTICOLARE 18 - 35 DETAILS OF ITEMS 18 35
*Le quote contrassegnate da asterisco sono do ... Distance shown by asterisk determined by the modeller
FANALE DI POPPA STERN LIGHT
Sviluppo Development
Rifilare a cono eseguito When assembled, the cone so produced will need to be
trimmed to that of the lantern diameter.
PARTICOLARE DELLE CERNIERE DEGLI HINGE DETAIL OF GUN MOUNT
AFFUSTI
Da eseguirsi a cura del modellista To be produced by modeller
PARTICOLARE DEL PARANCO DELLA ... DETAIL OF CATHEAD TACKLE
18

PONTE E PARATIE FRONTALI DECKS & BULKHEAD FRONT VIEWS
PARATIA FRA CASSERO E BULKHEAD BETWEEN QUARTER & POOP
CONTROCASSERO DECKS
Sugli orli con lasciare 1mm. in + Allow about 1mm to trim edge
PER OSS.-2 SISTEMARE PRATICAMENTE FOR FRAME 2, ARRANGE IT PRACTICALLY
DA SOPRA P. COPERTA FROM OVER THE UPPER STOREY.
PARATIA LA PARATIA DEVE AVERE ... CAREFULLY,BULKHEAD TO BE CURVED
FORO 5X5 SCASSA MEZZANA HOLE, 5X5 MM., MIZZEN STEP
ATTACO PER BITTA DI ... DI MAESTRA FASTENING FOR BITT OF MAIN TIE
N.B. PER CONSENTIRE limbarco dei ponti, N.B. In order to assemble the second, main, quarter and
batterie, coperta, casser e controcassero e necessario poop decks, it is necessary to saw the decks on the
segare i ponti sulla mezzaria il segno indica ... etc. midline (on later kits, this has already been done)
PARTE DEL PONTE DA INTRODURRE PER PART OF THE DECK TO BE INTRODUCED
PRIMA. COPRIGIUNTA SOTTO IL PONTE. FIRST. JOINT COVERING UNDER DECK.
IL PONTE BATTERIA non abbisogna di GUN DECK this deck does not need the joint
coprigiunta appoggiando sulla chiglia covering as it is supported on the false keel line.

ALBERI E ATTREZZI MASTS & EQUIPMENT
BOMPRESSO BOWSPRIT
FORO DA ESEGUIRE AL MONTAGGIO HOLE TO BE FORMED AFTER/ BY ASSEMBLY
FORO CONICA DA ESEGUIRE AL CONICAL HOLE (BORE) TO BE FORMED
MONTAGGIO AFTER/ BY ASSEMBLY
FORO PER IL PASSAGIO DELLA FRECCIA HOLE (BORE) FOR FITTING OF TOPSAIL MAST
TRINCHETTO FOREMAST
TRATTO PARALLELO A SEZ. QUADRATA FORM A SQUARE CROSS SECTION
FORO DA ESEGUIRE AL MONTAGGIO HOLE (BORE) TO BE MADE BY ASSEMBLING
DELLALBERO DI PAROCCHETTO OF THE FOREMAST
QUESTA PARTA DEVE ESSERE ASPORT ... PART MUST BE REMOVED FROM F2 PARTS
FORO DA ESEGUIRE AL MONTAGGIO BORE TO BE MADE BY ASSEMBLING THE
DELLALBERETTO DI PAPPAFFICO ... TOPGALLANT FOREMAST & FLAGSTAFF
PENNONE DI VELACCINO FORE TOPGALLANT YARD
PENNONE DI PARROCCHETTO FORE TOPSAIL YARD
pulegge per drizza del penn. di parrocchetto pulley for halliard of topsail yard
19
Euromodel Manual 1 of 7; Friedrich Wilhelm Zu Pferde Hull Structure

MANOVRE FISSE E PARTICOL. DETAIL OF FIXED RIGGING
RELATIVI BIGOTTE & DEADEYES & BLOCKS
BOZZELLI
PIANO DELLE MANOVRE FISSE PLAN OF MAST FIXED RIGGING
DELLALBERATURA
Paterazzi dellalberetto di parrocchetto di bompresso Backstays of the topsail bowsprit mast
Le parti indicate con line a tratto e punto sono relative The parts shown by chain refer only to the foremast
al solo albero di trinchetto sia per quanto riguarda il whether for detail 1 or detail 2.
partic. 1 che per il partic. 2.
PARTIC. DELLE LANDE E DEGLI DETAILS OF THE FORE & MAIN CHAIN
ARRIDATOI DELLE SARTIE DI PLATES & TURNBUCKLE
TRINCHETTO E DI MAESTRA
PARTIC. DELLE LANDE E DEGLI DETAILS OF THE MIZZEN CHAIN PLATES &
ARRIDATOI DELLE SARTIE DI MEZZANA TURNBUCKLE
NOTE NOTES:
1.lattaco fiss (*) del cava buono di maestra deve 1.the fixed junction of the main mast rope must be carried
essere eseguito dal lato di tribordo out from the right hand side of the mast (opposite to what
dellalbero(opposto a quanto indicato a dis.) is shown in the drawing).
2.la legenda sotto riportata e valida per la presente 2.the following legend is valid for this & following plan
tav. e per quelle ... etc.: sheets:
indica il no. progressivo di posizione a cui vanno circle shows progressive no. of position where
legate le manovre volanti di pennoni e vele running riggings of yards & sails must be fastened
(galocce, caviglie, stroppi delle bigotte ecc.) (cleats, belaying pins, deadeye fastenings, etc.)
indica il no. progressivo della posizione del punto rhomboid shows progressive number of fixed point
fisso (dormiente) di una manovra volante etc. of a running rigging (ring, block fastening, etc.)
come sopra, ma senza numerazione in quanto non asterix as above but without numbers because not
necessaria necessary
indica la posizione del passaggio di una manovra oval shows passage position of a running rigging
volante prima di essere legata ad una posiz. before same is fastened to position marked with the
contrassegnata dal cerchio di cui sopra. (il punto di above circle (the passage point can be a block, a
passaggio puo essere ... etc. chock, etc.)
3.I numeri in grassetto indicano il tipo di bigotta e di 3. The bold numbers show the deadeye & block type used
bozzello da adottare per ciascuna manovra. il numero for each rigging. number following the letter showing the
che segue la lettera che identifica il tipo di bozzello block type determines the position. Right-hand blocks are
designa la posizione relativa al tipo di bozzello i labelled d and the left s. identification nos. of blocks
bozzelli relativi al lato di tribordo (dritta) sono followed by an abbreviation between brackets show the
identificati con d, quellie relativi al lato di babordo corresponding blocks on the opposite side.
(sinistra) ... etc.
ESEMPIO EXAMPLE
a. bozzello tipo h avente lo stesso scopo, ubicazione a. block type h has same end place similar to the one installed
analoga ed installato sul lato di babordo on left side.
b. ubicato sul lato di tribordo b. placed on left hand side
c. bozzello no. 1 di tipo h c. block no. 1 of the h type.
20

MANOVRE VOLANTI DEI DETAIL OF YARD RUNNING
PENNONI E PARTICOLARI RIGGINGS
PARTICOLARE DELLE MANOVRE DETAIL OF RUNNING RIGGINGS OF THE
VOLANTI DEL PENNONE DI CIVADA E DEL WHISKER & BOWSPRIT FORE-TOP YARD
PENNONE DI PARROCCHETTO DI
BOMPRESSO
PARTICOLARE DELLE MANOVRE DETAIL OF RUNNING RIGGING OF
VOLANTI DEL PENNONE DI PAPPAFICIO DI TOPGALLANT YARD & TOP YARD OF THE
TRINCHETTO E DEL PENNONE ... etc FOREMAST
PARTICOLARE DELLE MANOVRE DETAIL OF RUNNING RIGGINGS OF
VOLANTI DEL PENNONE DI TRINCHETTO FOREYARD
Strallo di maestra Main stay
Legare allo stroppo del bozzello L 8 Fasten to the L 8 block strap
Bitta della drizza di trinchetto Bitt of the foremast halliard
PARTICOLARE DELLE MANOVRE DETAIL OF RUNNING RIGGING OF MAIN
VOLANTI DEL PENNONE DI PAPPAFICO DI TOPGALLANT SAIL & UPPER TOPSAIL
MAESTRA DEL PENNONE DI GABBIA
PARTICOLARE DELLE MANOVRE DETAIL OF RUNNING RIGGING OF MAIN YARD
VOLANTI DEL PENNONE DI MAESTRA
Legare incappelando all bitta Fasten, fixing at the bitt.
Bitta della drizza di maestra Bitt of the main mast halliard
DETTAGLIO C (Trozza delle pennone di DETAIL OF PARREL OF MIZZEN TOPSAIL
contromezzana) YARD
DETTAGLIO B (Trozza delle antenna di DETAIL OF PARREL OF MIZZEN LATEEN
mezzana) YARD
incappellaggio dello strallo stay strap
PARTICOLARE DELLE MANOVRE DETAIL OF THE RUNNING RIGGING OF
VOLANTI DEL PENNONE DI BELVEDERE, MIZZEN TOPGALLANT YARD, MIZZEN
DEL PENNONE DI CONTROMEZZANA E TOPSAIL YARD & MIZZEN LATEEN YARD
DELLANTENNA DI MEZZANA
DETTAGLIO DELLA TROZZA DETAIL YARD ARM SLING
NOTE NOTES
1.dettaglio (tipico) per lalberetto di parrocchetto di 1.detail (typical) of bowsprit sprit mast as well as the main &
bompresso. dellalberetto di ... etc foremast topgallant masts.
2.detagglio (tipico) della trozza dei pennoni del bompresso, 2.detail (typical) of the seizing of the bowsprit of the
di pappafico di trinchetto, di pappafico di maestra e del pappafico topgallant fore yard, of the pappafico topgallant
penn. di belvedere il bozzello e relativo stroppa ... etc. main yard as well as of the mizzen topgallant yard.
3.dettaglio (tipico) per lalbero di parrocch....etc 3.detail (typical) for the fore & main masts.
4.dettaglio (ipico) per lalbero di trinchetto ...etc 4.detail (typical) for the fore & main topsail masts.
5.le trozze del pennone di contromezzana e dellantenna di 5.the seizing of the mizzen topsail yard as well as of the mizzen
mezzana devono essere ... etc. lateen yard must be done as per detail b.
6.per il significato dei simboli riportati sulla presents ... etc 6.for interpretation of symbols used refer to the legend in plan
sheet 7.
21

MANOVRE DELL VELE SAIL RIGGING
Solo per la vela di trinchetto Only for the foresail
Vela addizionale asportagile (bonetta) Bonnet
Paranchino dei terzaruoli Reef tackle
Matafioni di inferitura 0.5 Furling line
PARTICOLARE DELLATTACCO DELLA ATTACHMENT OF SAIL TO YARD (SHOWING
VELA AL PENNONE (INFERITURA) FURLING LINE)
NOTE NOTES
1.le dimensioni delle vele devono essere in ... etc 1.sail dimensions to be determined plan sheet 1
2.escluso la vela di mezzana, che e rappresentata vista 2.with exception of mizzen sail which is shown from the
da tribordo, tutte le vele sono state ... etc. right, all other sails are shown viewed from the poop.
3. tutte le manovre indicate con linea tratteggiata 3.all the riggings marked with short-dashed lines go on
passana sulla faccia delle vele opposta a ... etc. the side of the sails opposite to the visible ones.
4. per il significato della simbologia usata ... etc. 4.refer to plan sheet 7 for the symbols used.

PIANO DI COSTRUZIONE BUILDING PLANS
PIANO LONGITUDINALE LONGITUDINAL PLAN
PIANO TRASVERSALE (ORDINATE) VIEW OF FRAMES TOWARDS STERN
Linea retta del baglio Beam straight line
PIANO ORIZZONTALE (LINEE DACQUA) HORIZONTAL PLAN (WATER LINES)
Tutti i profili dei ponti sono riferiti alla mezzeria. All the deck profiles refer to the centre line. in
per definire il profilo dei ponti a murata usare la order to establish the deck profiles, user the form
sagoma del bolzone sopra ... etc. of the cambered beam as above.

SPECCHI DI POPPA STERN DETAIL
Deviate di giunzone degli specchi Base of stern support merges with junction of upper &
lower mirrors
N.B. lo spessore delle oss. e di 5 mm. N.B. The frame thickness is 5 mm.
CURVA INTERNA DEI 2 SPECCHI DI POPPI INSIDE CURVE OF 2 POOP MIRROR PIECES
N.B. Il tutto va montate a parte, provato a posto e N.B. Everything must be assembled apart, checked and
sistemato definitamente solo dopo aver fissato a then placed definitely ONLY after having fixed in place
posto i vari ponti. I ponti si introducono da poppa the different decks.
Attenzione: Occorrono No 8 correnti lunghezza There are eight longitudinal stringers (4 per side)
900x5x3 m/m 3x5x99 mm. used for strengthening the hull
Incastri per correnti longitudinali Fit in longitudinal stringers
SISTEMA DI MONTAGGIO OSS. 1 METHOD OF ASSEMBLY AROUND FRAME 1
22

SPECCHIO DI POPPA E GIARDINETTI STERN & QUARTER GALLERIES DETAIL
Piano in corrispondenza del P. CASSERO A: Level in relation to the quarter deck.
Piano in corrispondenza del P. COPERTA Level in relation to main deck.
Appogio P. CASSERO Quarter deck support
Appogio P. COPERTA Main deck support
Porzione di supporto da eliminare destro e sin Support position to be removed from both sides
Zona di riemppimento. Il riempimento va fatto con un Area on either side to be filled using wooden blocks shaped
blocchetto di e egno opportunamente ... etc. as per drawing.
ELEMENTI COSTRUTTIVI DELLO ... PARTS USED IN CONSTRUCTION OF STERN
- Ordinata no. 10 Frame No. 10
- No. 5 supporti tipo A e no. 2 Tipo B Lower counter timbers (5 type A and 2 type B)
- Parte superiore specchio di poppa Upper stern mirror (support for decorations)
- Parte inferiore specchio di poppa Lower stern mirror (support for decorations)
- Dritto di poppa Sternpost
SEZ. DELLA CHIGLIA SULLOSS 10 C.S. THROUGH FALSE KEEL AT FRAME 10
Dal punto r al puntos lachiglia va rastremata ... Cross section of the keel line on Frame 10
Lo specchio inferiore va leggermente in curvato ... Lower stern mirror must be gently curved/ tapered to fit.
Inserire loss 10 con i supporti gia incollati nella C: Insert Frame 10 with the already glued supports
parte di estrema poppa della trave di chiglia on the part of the outer poop of the keel line.
Trave di chiglia Beam of the false keel
Blochetto di riempimento serve dappoggio alla parte Filling block serves as a support for planks finishing at
terminale dei listelli a estrema poppa. A sistemazione Poop Deck end. Must be shaped to be complete entity
avvenuta deve formare un tutto unico con supp. ... between support B & frame 10. This applies to both sides.
SEQUENZA DELLE OPERAZIONI DI ... STERN ASSEMBLING PROCEDURE
1.Sulloss.10 incollare i supporti degli specchi no.5 tipo 1.On frame 10, glue 7 supports (5 type A & 2 type B).
A tipo B nelle appositezone dis A. Fare attenzione che Make sure supporting surfaces for quarter deck & main
i piani dei sup porti peril ... deck are level with those of frame 10.
2.Ad incollaggio asciutto incollare ledue parti, superiore 2. After glueing, assemble upper & lower parts of transom
e inferiore, dello specchio di poppa.dis.B negli incastri as in drawing B on supports X as in drawing C.
dei supporti (X & Y) come ... etc 3.Insert everything in keel line notch at poop end.
4. Glue sternpost paying checking with the keel line.
Notches for longitudinal reinforcements of upper & lower
transoms must be in line with notches for frame 10. Check
drawings on this plan sheet!
QUARTER GALLERY CONSTRUCTION
Disegno pezzo per misura e paragone Comparison of block sizes
Blochetto di legno da lavorarsi Block of wood to be worked
Sezionare orizzontalmente alt A e E verticalment ... Horizontal & vertical views of timber sections to be done.
PRIMA OPERAZIONE 1st. STEP: Shaping in upright fashion, remove dashed
Sagomatura in senso verticale da levare ... etc part.
SECONDA OPERAZIONE: I pezzi ottenuti con la 2nd. STEP: The pieces obtained from the previous step
precedente sagomatura vanno ora sagomati ... must be finished on both the side & upper surfaces.
I pezzi sagomati come dis. 4-(A-B-C-D) vanno incol lati fra Shaped pieces as per drawing 4 (A+B+C+D)to be glued
loro. Poi si incollano sul fianco del pezzo ottenuto le varie together; glue on the side of piece the various ornamental
cornici ornamentali, (I-II-III-IV-V-VI) leffetto della frames (I....VI). Roof produced by working with a carving tool
copertura a labbro si puoottenere lavorando con un ... on full block or with the application of wooden strips.
Aspetto finale del pezzo dopo lapplicazione degli Final view of the structure after application of the
elementi orna mentali prestampati ornamental metal pieces.
N.B. Nel disegno 4 la parte da levarsi e segnata coi Final design encompassing the four pieces will need to be
trattini modified according to how it fits into the ship.
23
Chapter 3: THE KIT
Drawings
The diagrams are beautifully drawn and would allow a scratch-built kit to be
readily developed. The difficulty is to separate the essential detail necessary to
build the kit from the other more seriously accurate detail.
At this stage it is a good idea to spend quite some time pouring over the plan
sheets provided to gain some insight into what is ahead of you.
A point I found useful was for many

but not all plan sheets to be carefully
cut into small sections and placed into
plastic sleeves in a folder. This way I
could arrange the drawings in
semblance of order of construction.
Another very useful step was to print
off the Italian-English translations, cut
out the English translations and stick
them over the appropriate Italian words
(see below)
Figure 6: Re-organisation of Plan Sheets (from another kit)
Metal decorations
All cast metal decorations are contained in small but unmarked plastic
packets. They have very few blemishes to remove. On the reverse side
of the casting there is a specific number that identifies that piece.
There are some excellent side and stern views on pages in this set of
instructions that hopefully allows the kit builder to identify the castings
Figure 7: Identifying Metal with little problem. .
Castings
Now is the time to go through every packet, identify the pieces. What I then did was to place an
identifying name or number inside each packet and re-staple them ready for future use.
Much patience is required to identify these pieces

and I would caution against direct contact with the Scrap Material
skin use gloves when cleaning & painting the The laser-cut material in this kit is
surrounded by pieces of wood which may
pieces. Certainly any filing should be carried out in
appear to be superfluous do not discard this
a separate area that can be easily cleaned up. waste as there will be a number of places in
Obviously any painting and gilding will need to be the ship build where it becomes useful.
done before assembly onto the ship. More on their
useage later.
24
Component List
Wood Laser-cut
Hull:
Keel (1) Chiglia Transverse Frames (10) - Ordinate
Decks:
Gun Deck (1) - Ponte di batteria Main Deck (1) - Ponte di coperta
Quarter Deck (1) Ponte di cassero Upper Quarter Deck (1) Ponte di contro cassero
Poop Deck (1) Ponte di casseretto Forecastle Deck (1) Ponte castello
Bulkheads A, B & C (3) Paratia A, B & C
Stern:
Stern Supports (7) - Supporti di poppa No. 7 Transom, upper (1) - Specchio superiore
Transom, lower (1) - Specchio inferiore Rudder (1) Timone
Posts:
Stem (Bow) Post (1) - Ruota di prua Stern Post (1) Ruota di poppa
Support Base (1) - Invasatura anteriore + posteriore
Wood Limewood listello tiglio

35 x 60 x 120 mm. Block for Bow & Stern Sides - Blocchetto di riempimento va fatto di prua
50 x 60 x 180 mm. Block for Quarter Galleries - Blocchetto di riempimento di poppa
1.5 x 6 x 760 mm. (100) First Planking - 1 Fasciame [N.B. varies between 1.5 1.8]
2.5 x 5 x 760 mm. (6) Longitudinal stringers - Correnti lunghezza
Plywood- compensata
1 x 85 x 300 mm. Mast Tops - Coffe [N.B. thickness approx. 0.6 mm.]
Wood Walnut listello noce

1 x 6 x 760 mm. (100) Second Planking - 2 Fasciame
0.5 x 6 x 710 mm. (40) Deck Planking - Rivestimento ponti
10 x 10 x 330 mm. (1) Cradle Support Cross Pieces - Traversa invasatura
10 x 10 x 630 mm. (1) False Keel - Sottochiglia
4 x 17 x 150 mm. (1) Mast Cheeks - Maschette
2 x 5 x 760 mm. (8) Wales, Cap & Pin Rails, Incintoni, capodibanda, pazienza
2 x 8 x 760 mm. (6) Wales - Incintoni
9 x 11 x 150 mm. (1) Bollard for Foremast Yard Bittone di drizza del pennone di maestra
9 x 14 x 150 mm. (1) Bollard for Main Mast Yard Bittone di drizza del pennone di trinchetto
2 x 2 x 760 mm. (6) Capstan Base; Head Grating Base de aragano, Serpa
2 x 4 x 560 mm. (1) Bowsprit[Cleats, Trestletrees]; Steps (outside staircase) Barre costiere di
albero di bompresso; Scaleo di scala (esterno)
2 x 2 x 700 mm. (3) Fore Top Mast Crosstrees; Bowsprit Topmast Crosstrees; Stern
Buttock Barre traversa di albero di parrocchetto e albero di bompresso
3 x 4 x 80 mm. (1) Main Top Mast Trestletree - Barre costiere di albero di gabbia
2 x 3 x 80 mm. (1) Main Top Mast Crosstree - Barre traversa di albero di gabbia
25
Fore Lower Mast Top [B2]

2.5 x 4 x 140 mm. (1) Crosstrees Barre traversa di albero di trinchetto
5 x 6 x 140 mm. (1) Trestletrees - Barre costiere di albero di trinchetto
Fore Top Mast Crosstree [B2]
Crosstrees: included in 2 x 2 x 700 mm. on previous page
Trestletrees: included in 2 x 4 x 560 mm. on previous page
Fore Topgallant Mast Crosstree [B8]
Crosstrees: included in 1 x 3 x 110 mm. in list below
Trestletrees: included in 2 x 2.5 x 50 mm. in list below
Main Lower Mast Top [C2]

6 x 7 x 140 mm. (1) Trestletrees - Barre costiere di albero di maestra
2 x 5 x 760 mm. Crosstrees Barre traversa di albero di trinchetto
Crosstree timber included on previous page for Wales, Cap & Pin Rails
Main Top Mast Crosstree [C5]
Crosstrees: included in 2 x 3 x 80 mm. in above list
Trestletrees: included in 3 x 4 x 80 mm. in above list
Main Topgallant Mast Crosstree [C8]
Mizzen Lower Mast Top [D2]

3 x 3.5 x 220 mm. (1) Trestletrees & Crosstrees - Barre costiere e barre traversa di albero di
mezzana
Mizzen Top Mast Crosstree [D5]
2 x 2.5 x 50 mm. (1) Mizzen Top Mast Trestletrees - Barre costiere di albero di
contromezzano / albero di belvedere
1 x 3 x 110 mm. (1) Main, Fore & Mizzen Top Mast Crosstrees Barre traversa di albero di
maestra e albero di contromezzano/ albero di belvedere
2 x 2 x 500 mm. (2) Grating borders Bordo di boccaporto
2 x 3 x 760 mm. (1) Grating; Main Topgallant Crosstrees
Bordo do boccaporto; Barre traversa di albero di pappafico di maestro
3 x 15 x 400 mm. (1) Channels Parasartie; Fairlead - Passacotte
6 x 6 x 300 mm. (1) Bitts & Bollards Pazienza e Bitta [Nos. 10, 22, 23 & A2, bowsprit knee]
I divided this as follows:

10: 66 mm. (to deck level only)
22: 40 mm. (to deck level only)
23: 122 mm.
A2: 37 mm. (vertical section of bowsprit knee)
N.B. 16: Made from scrap timber
8 x 8 x 200 mm. (1) Catheads - Gru di capone

2 x 20 x 760 mm. (1) Gun Port Hatch - Portelli cannoni
1 x 14 x 760 mm. (1) Gun Port Hatch Lining - Battuta portelli cannoni
2 x 4 x 400 mm. (1) Stern Buttocks (side quarter galleries) Decoration
26
Accessories
Anchor:
Bow: 72 mm with stock (2) Ancora di poasta da mm. 72 con ceppo (Art.11/108)
Stern: 83mm with stock (2) - Ancora da mm. 83 con ceppo (Art.11/109)
Barrel (2) Botte (Art.22/111)
Belaying Pins: 14 mm. (15) - Caviglia da mm. 14 (Art.22/088); 12 mm. (12) Cavig.da mm. 12 (Art.22/088)
Binnacle (1) - Chiesuola campana (Art.11/363)
Blocks:
N.B. The plan sheet shows a larger variation of block sizes than that provided in the kit. This kit has
amalgamated a number of blocks with similar sizes together e.g. Y, L and K all use the same sized block.
Y+L+K: 3mm., 1 hole(132) - Bozzelli da mm. 3 a 1 foro (Art.22/026)

LL + KK : 3mm., 2 hole(20) - Bozzelli da mm. 3 a 2 foro (Art.22/031)
H+J: 5mm., 1 hole (50) - Bozzelli da mm. 5 a 1 foro (Art.22/028)
HH + JJ : 5mm., 2 hole (15) - Bozzelli da mm. 5 a 2 fori (Art.22/032)
G: 7mm., 1 hole (15) - Bozzelli da mm. 7 a1 fori (Art.22/030)
GG : 7mm., 2 hole (5) - Bozzelli da mm. 7 a 2 fori (Art.22/034)
F: 10mm., 1 hole (5) - Bozzelli da mm. 10 a 1 fori (Art.22/116)
FF : 10mm., 2 hole (5) - Bozzelli da mm. 10 a 2 fori (Art.22/115)
D+E: 10mm., 3 hole (5) - Bozzelli da mm. 10 a 3 fori (Art.22/114)
T: Violin, 16 mm. (2) - Bozzelli a violino da mm. 16 (Art.22/129)
M: Heart, 11 mm.(20) - Bozzelli a cuore da mm. 11 (Art.22/084)
N: Heart, 7 mm. (12) - Bozzelli a cuore da mm. 7 (Art.22/083)
Capstan, 19 x 25 mm (1) Argano (Art.22/133)
Cleats (Staghorns) (6) - Tacchetto ad orecchia (Art.11/271)
item number 13 ... inner bulwarks upper quarter/main/forecastle decks
Cleats, small (12) Galloccia di cavo buono (Art 11/048)
item number 7 on plan ... /masts on deck, 6/ bowsprit foremast knee, 2/bowsprit, 4/
Cleats(groove underneath) (2) - Galloccia di cavo (Art 11/049) ... Mainstay, 1; Forestay, 1
item number 39 on plan/ Plan 07/Particolare 3
Columns (15) Colonnine (Art 22/119)
Deadeyes:
7 mm. (60) - Bigotta da mm. 7 (Art.22/022)
Deadeye Straps:
3mm. (8) - Landra da mm. 3 (Art.11/358)
5mm. (12) - Landra da mm. 5 (Art.11/313)
7mm.(30) - Landra da mm. 7 (Art.11/306)
Eye Pins, 2 mm. (40) - Anelli diam. mm. 2 con gambo
Flag set (1) - Serie completa bandiere (Art.13/024)
Grating strips
1.5 x 1.5 x 60mm. (250) - elementi per paiolato da mm. 60 (Art.22/003)
27
Armament
Full Cannons - Cannoni:
55mm. (20) (Art.11/084): gun deck
50mm. (18) (Art.11/114) : main deck
45mm. (10) (Art.11/115) : forecastle & quarter decks
38mm. (4) (Art.11/116): upper quarter deck
Gun Carriages-Affusti per cannoni

35mm. (20) (Art.22/123);
27mm. (28) (Art.22/125);
21mm. (4) (Art.22/008)
Gun Carriage Hardware:
Pins, 2mm. (155) - Anelli diam. mm. 2 con gambo (Art.11/022)
Rings (2mm.) (44) - Anelli diam. mm. 2
Gun Door Hinges (84) - Cerniere portelli cannoni (Art.11/052)
Wheels - Ruote per cannoni diam. 5mm.(28) (Art.22/149); diam. 6mm. (64) (Art.22/150);
diam. 7mm.(76); 7.5 mm. (40)
Axles (carriage wheels) wooden rod
4 x 200mm (3)- Tondini di kot diam.mm. 4 per assali affusti
Mast Caps Testa di moro (3) (Art.22/043); (4) (Art.22/044); (2) (Art.22/045); (2) (Art.22/046)
Bowsprit: A4,10 x 16 / A7, 8 x 12
Foremast: B3, 16.5 x 24.5 / B6, 10 x 16 / B9, 8 x 12
Main: C3, 16.5 x 24.5 / C6, 13 x 21 / C9, 10 x 16
Mizzen: D3, 13 x 21 / D6, 8 x 12
Ensign: E1, 10 x 16
Metal Decorations Set (124) - Serie completa decorazioni fuse (Art.11/102)

Metal Decorations Set , Stern - Serie completa decorazioni fuse di poppa (Art.33/008)
Plaque (1) - Targa invaso (Art.12/004)
Rigging yarn
0.25mm., 10m. (Art. 77/025); 0.40mm., 10m. (Art. 77/040); 0.60mm., 10m. (Art. 77/060); 0.80mm., 10m. (Art. 77/080);
1.0mm., 10m. (Art. 77/100); 1.50mm., 10m. (Art. 77/150)
Rudder hinges (5) - Cerniere timone complete (Art.11/052)
Sail Boat Hull:

110 mm. with keel (1) - Scialuppa da mm. 110 (Art.88/009);
150 mm. with keel (1) -(Art.88/013)
Sail Cloth, 450 x 900 mm. - Serie tela per vele mm. 450 x 900 (Art. 15/004)
Stairs: 2 x 5 x 80mm (2 supplied sufficient for 3 sets) - Scale (Art.22/070)

Staghorn Cleats (see cleats above) (6) Tacchetto ad orecchia (Art.11/271)
Stern Lantern (1) Fanale di poppa (Art 55/003)
Set of Plans (12 sheets) - Serie disegni (No 12 Tavole) (Art.66/004)
Instructions - Istruzioni
28
Colours
Bianco - white Rosso vivo bright red Lego noce walnut
Nero black Giallo ocra ochre Verde marcio green
Oro antico antique gold
Euromodel have made the following suggestions but in the end it is up to you, the modeller.
Transom Figure
The panel must be fully painted before it is cut. The colours should be diluted sufficiently so that
it produces a very light shade in order to maintain the realism of the wood panel.
sky: blue
ground: brown
horse: yellow
tunic: red
face: flesh
saddle: brown
Decks: natural colour finished with wax or varnish
Gun barrels burnished
Non-ferrous kit items not covered by the

colour of the detail they are attached to(e.g.
gun door hinge) can be painted with a black &
silver mixture to simulate steel.
Red
gun carriages, winches, capstans, bitts, shell
holders, belaying racks, pin racks, inside of gun
port doors.[N.B. red paints were
manufactured using pigments such as red
lead & iron oxides; the resultants paints
were therefore a darker red & not a primary
Figure 8: Colour Scheme Used by a Modeller red colour].
Walnut
inside bulwarks, handrails, stairs, hatchway coamings, mast coamings, masts & yards, tops &
crosstrees, winch stocks, inside of life boats & their stands, blocks, deadeyes & belaying pins.
29
Chapter 4: HULL STRUCTURE (Part 1)

It is best to formulate your OWN method of assembly before starting. This
applies to all stages and especially includes mast & rigging construction.
The following instructions are prioritised to make the construction process as simple as possible.
Keep in mind that they are only suggestions. Study the designs carefully as the instructions
highlight only the major steps for construction.
A Suggested Construction Overview
1. Glue bulkheads (frames) to keel.
2. Create curve in the transom.
3. Attach the 7 stern supports.
4. Shape the stern supports.
5. Attach upper & lower stern transoms.
6. Attach and shape bow blocks.
7. Attach Gun Deck with planking.
8. Create a stand on which to INVERT the ship.
9. Attach false keel /stem post/ bow post.
10. Then you will be able to shape the keel to that shown in the drawings.
11. Construct ALL gun-mounted carriages - a long task. This allows you to determine the
required height of the gun ports above the decks.
12. Begin first planking below bottom edge of the Gun Deck guns down to the keel bottom.
30
Structural Integrity
Frames and the Keel
Nine of the ten transverse pre-cut bulkheads are slotted into the false keel as a dry run to
determine which joints are too tight and which are too loose. All the joints were extremely tight
and a fair amount of sanding of the fitting surfaces was required.
Figure 10: Bow Frames in Position Figure 10: Stern Frames in Position
Figure 11: Overall View of Frames in Position
Deck Beam Alignment

Alignment of the beams supporting the decks was good but some adjustments would still have to
be made especially over Frames 7 10 due to the slight downward inclination of the decks. All
the frames and the deck pieces were then removed from the false keel.
Mast Steps
Both the main mast and the foremast
have cut-out slots provided in the
false keel. However, to hold the
bottom of the masts in place, the
mast steps have pieces of plywood
glued either side of the slots to form
Figure 12: Foremast Step
a useful seat for the masts when Figure 13: Main Mast Step
inserted at a later stage.
31
Fixing the Frames in Position

PVA is the adhesive of choice and Frame 5 was glued in first using a set square to check its alignment
with the false keel. This frame was allowed to dry before proceeding any further.
Frames 4 and 6 were then put in place. Square & diagonal measurements and central alignment were
checked to ensure the correct overall alignment. Frames were then continued to be put in place with the
diagonal measurements being checked in all sorts of point combinations as the work progressed. At this
stage DO NOT glue in place the seven stern support pieces !
These combined factors should provide for good symmetry throughout the ship but be warned that the
frames are porous and if the stringers (see below) and the first planking are not soon put in place,
moisture absorption and subsequent alteration of frame alignment can occur.
Cell Construction
Considering the size of this ship, any small
degree of warping will magnify itself along
the length so I decided to create a central
cell within the ships frames. This consisted
of a set of three pairs of tightly fitting
rectangular panels of scrap plywood
between Frames 4 7. Fig. 12 says it all. I
was just happier that this large ship now had
a lot more integral strength.
Figure 14: Creating Cell Strengtheners
Two of the three pairs of rectangular inserts that I used (between

4 & 5; 5 & 6). The third pair between 6 & 7 are not visible in
this photograph.
Frame Adjustment
With a long strip of wood placed longitudinally down the hull side, you may well find that some frames
are out of alignment. This will occur no matter how carefully you have worked ! If any frame surface is
low, packing with a thin strip may be necessary. Alternatively one or more frame surfaces may need to be
reduced.
The frame edges will need to be bevelled towards each end and here I used my trusty Dremel power tool
with a small cutting tool followed by a sanding drum. Otherwise, any number of hand tools can be used to
perform the same function. The frame surfaces need to be checked continually with a long strip of wood.
32
Gun Battery Deck Positioning

A word of warning from my own experience the
top sections of the frames are fragile and easily
broken off during this step. Be warned (I broke off
four pieces at various stages !).
Initially (and the photos show it), I decided NOT to

plank this deck. However, as construction proceeded,
I changed my mind and used the decking material
supplied for the Main Deck. This was in spite of the
fact that most will not be seen ! The Main Deck was
planked with some tanganika that I had in my
scrap box.
Figure 15: Adjusting Length of Gun Deck
Before the two bottom stringers are glued into place, it is imperative that the Gun Battery Deck be put into
place. This is based on the assumption that the laser-cut slots in the two deck pieces are in the correct
positions and that the plywood frames are quite soft and tend to warp and move out of position as
mentioned above. Fig. 13 shows that Frame 2s lowest beam does not support the gun battery deck but
causes the deck to butt against it. In other words, a small section of the bow end of the supplied plywood
decking needs to be cut off. By sliding the decking halves into position, I found that a number of frames
needed a little nudging to fit into their correct places.
Before glueing down the two halves, I

turned my attention to installing the
pair of lower stringers (5 x 2 mm.) that
help support the frames and the outer
edge of this deck. The notches in the
frames towards each end of the ship
needed a slight amount of work to
make a good fit.
It was here that I needed to force

one half of the deck a little towards
the bow in order that the mast
openings in each half exactly
corresponded.
Figure 16: Fixing Port-side of Gun Deck in Position
A temporary wood screw through this half deck and into the timber of the cell piece underneath held
everything in place. I then glued in the two bottom stringers. A large number of pieces of folded cardboard
were created to hold the deck halves as they were glued in place see photo opposite. Due to the
downward curve of the deck, I found it necessary to use planking screws to hold the centre section down
tightly.
33
Stern Construction
There is a major decision to take at this point and either choice results in the construction of a stern
transom that will be part of a vessel that looks well balanced. For the basic approach, the transom will
have a flat surface.
Well before I decided to create a basic and an adavanced version to show the choices available in
building this kit, I forged ahead and created the more difficult advanced version. So I do not have
available a set of photographs to show the building of the flat transom. However, in all honesty I do not
believe the advanced version presented any great difficulties that a builder with a reasonable level of
skills could not overcome. So, I would strongly suggest that you refer to the advanced section and see
what is involved in creating a curved surface.
The accompanying photos support the fact that many builders have indeed constructed this ship using a
flat transom.
Figure 17: Creating a Flat Transom - a Choice
34
Stern Filler Blocks

The kit supplies a filler block, 35 x 60 x 120 mm. This is sufficient to provide the required fillers AND
the fillers either side at the bow end adjacent to Frame 1. The two filler blocks either side now need to be
produced. When glued to the two outer support pieces, the term B is used in the plan sheet. These blocks
will form a strong bond with Frame 10 and thus allow a continuous surface for planking through to the
stern extremity. The two blocks that I produced were smaller than anticipated from the plan sheet but
posed no problem in their construction.
Showing
position of
support B in
relation to Frame
10. The green
shading shows
the cross-
sectional shape
of the filler
block to be
added. The red
shading shows
the amount of
the support B
that needs to be
removed.
Figure 18: Stern Filler Blocks
Stern First Planking

After the glue has dried and I allowed 24 hours for this
one since the lower transom was under a tension a fair
amount of sanding was required to produce a sharp angle on
the edge of this piece as well as the edges of Frames 10 & 9
to achieve a uniform flow for the hull side-planking that is
to follow.
Planking (with the 1 x 6 mm. limewood strips) over the

entire stern surface now completes the basic structural
appearance of the stern. You might choose not to plank the
upper & lower transoms but it seemed to me in doing so that
I now had a uniform surface on which I could base any
further work. After planking the lower transom, a cut-out
was carefully made to accomodate the stern post. It was
necessary to remove about 1 mm. from the exposed transom
surface to make it uniform with the end keel surface. At a
later stage, the second planking will take place so a complete
smoothing over this area is now done.
Figure 19: Transom First Planking
35
Upper Deck Preparations

Stringer Alignment
The two halves of the Main Deck are joined by an intricate amount of laser cut pieces around the Main
Mast position which need to be carefully cut through along one side to separate the two halves. I
overlooked this as I pulled it out of the box and the structure simply broke into two halves with jagged
breaks through the cut-outs. Not a problem though as it is all planked over at a later stage. In order to
position the Main Deck correctly, place the two halves on top of the beams, checking that they both but up
against each other along the centre and that seat correctly on the beams. Some minor tapering of the top
edges of the beams may be necessary.
The stern end of the deck had a curve but this required no alteration and I could see no reason for its shape
(unless I should have curved the inside of the stern supports but that matter has been addressed
previously). With the deck halves sitting correctly (but not glued in), check for alignment of the upper
stringers that will support the deck outer edges. It was here that I found a minor error. The cut-out for the
upper stringer in Frame 4 was 4 mm. too low so that cut-out needed to be raised an insignificant task. I
could see no obvious error in my construction that would have led to this problem.
Now is the time to dry-fit

ALL THE OTHER
DECKS to ensure the
correct alignment for
remaining stringers before
they are glued into position.
It was at this point that I
realized that the four
notches in the upper
transom needed to be
adjusted for some reason
they had been cut in the
wrong position. Take the
Figure 20: Dry Fitting of Decks
correct measurements from
Plan Sheet 12. Apart
NOTE: The Upper Quarter Deck has a from strengthening the
significant slope downwards so... you will need hull, the stringers also
to carefully cut angles on the top of Frames 8, 9 support the deck edges.
& 10 to accomodate this slope. Visible is the On this basis, a
Upper Quarter Deck and the Quarter Deck
considerable amount of
beneath the Main Deck was removed prior to
taking the photograph. neither deck has been
adjustment was required
glued in position. Photo shows correlation with the frame notches.
between stringers and decks. Make sure that the dry-
fitted decks are held down
tightly whilst the notch positions are checked and modified.
Figure 21: Curved Transom

Illustrated
Plywood frames are very hygroscopic, absorb moisture and some were slightly deformed out of position.
However, placing all decks into position, the frames are easily bent back into position. This allows the
stringers & frames to be glued correctly. Just out of interest, the Fig. 21 illustrates the original intention of
the ship designer in creating a curved transom. It shows the Upper Quarter Deck with its end curve seated
reasonably well in the curvature that I created.
36
Main Deck Opening
Hole to be enlarged later when bollard put in place.
Figure 22: Enlargement of Deck Opening for Bollard
At this stage I decided to support the edges of the Main Deck gratings by inserting a beam either side of
the opening and for these I used 6 x 6 mm timbers (actually 3 strips of 6 x 2 mm. glued together from my
scrap timber box). It was necessary to cut out a section from the top beam of Frame 5 Fig. 20.
Then ... and only then ... did I decide I actually would plank the Gun Deck ! Whilst I was at it, I turned up
six supporting columns. The result is shown on the right and what a contrast ... but how much will be seen
? The joy of ship modelling but I broke the cardinal rule. Once you make a decision (i.e. not to plank this
deck), stick with it. Ah well, the result was much better.
Figure 23: Opening in Main Deck Showing the Gun Deck
37
Frame 6 Explained
Question: Why does the Upper Quarter Deck not extend as far as being supported by Frame 6 when dry-
fitting in the previous section ? It seemed to be left hanging in the air. In the end, it will be supported by
Bulkhead B. So why have a top beam in Frame 6 at all ?
Answer: Its function is to temporarily maintain the integrity

of the upper part of the frame whilst planking is carried out
against it. Following the completion of first and second
planking, the upper beam AND the upper side portions will be
removed. Refer to the diagram opposite.
Note also that the longitudinal stringer supporting this deck

appears to be too long as it is embedded into Frame 6 well
past the front end of the deck. However, it serves well as a
support for the two sides of the deck where it meets the
bulwark.
Figure 24: Reducing the Size of Frame 6
The timber visible behind the pink shaded area will
eventually all be removed (after planking).
Deck Support
Whilst most decks have cross-support with the beams, they lack support (apart from the Gun Battery
Deck) down the mid-line where the two halves meet. So before the decks are glued in place, it is necessary
to glue in short sections of some scrap wood material under one of the two halves. So when fixing the
other half in place, there is now a common structural support for both halves down the mid-line. The
photo above illustrates this point.
Figure 25: Deck Support Along Deck Mid-Line
38
Deck Planking Principles
Points to consider include the wood type, width, length, nailing, caulking & texture
The decking in the 17th century was usually constructed with a very light coloured timber but there is a
limit to what a kit can supply and the same wood (walnut) is used for both the hull & deck second
planking in this model. In this time period, the width of decking timber was 10-16 inches (5.5-8.5 mm.).
The kit supplies 6 mm. walnut which really is fine but I chose to go with some lighter-coloured
tanganika planks that I happened to have which were 5mm. wide.
From European forests, the length of timber varied between 20-24 feet. Settling on 20 feet (240 inches),
the length of planks for this ship at a 1:48 scale will be 127 mm. The plan sheets show continuous
planking but I was not comfortable with that. So, 128 mm. it is (easier to divide) ! Having determined
what length you are going to use, it is best to set up a jig. I also settled on using the Continental variation
of the three plank shift which is illustrated in the following diagram.
32 128
128
64 128
96 128
32 128
To create this style of planking, I used four different lengths the actual 128 mm + 32/64/96 mm lengths.
The solid vertical line could represent, say, a bulkhead against which the planking starts.
Since the Poop/ Upper Quarter/ Forecastle Decks measure less than 128 mm., these
simply utilise full plank lengths without showing any shift.
In spite of what I have said above, some will simulate the planking length by the careful application of
pencil lines.
Nailing with nails or a marked black spot? Actual nails used in planking of real ships had a head
diameter of about 5/8 inch. which converts to 0.33 mm. with the 1:48 scale. The nails typically supplied in
kits have a head of approx. 1.3 mm. which converts to a head diameter of 2.46 inches. Far too big. So at
the best, you are left with attempting to create very small black marks or do nothing at all. To this end, a
tried technique is to utilize a hypodermic needle squared off at the tip that is heated in a smokey candle
flame. Carefully applied to the timber, the nailed effect is produced. Also, too many builders only put
nail heads at the plank ends at the very least, they should correspond to the original distances between
the frames. Whilst this varied a lot, it was often between 4-5 feet which on this scale converts to approx.
29 mm.
The gap between the plank lines in the actual ships was caulked with oakum and paid with tar. To
simulate this, first carefully sand back the edges which are usually very sharp & rough. Then apply a black
marking pen with a broad, flat tip quickly and lightly to colour all the edges. Some builders only do this to
one of the adjacent edges to avoid too much bleeding from the marking pen. You will need to make
your own choice in this matter.
The end grain is very porous and so some use an HB pencil (or pencil block available from art supplies) instead
of the black marking pen. Again, experiment and make your own choice.
39
Main Deck Planking Preparation (non installation)
Whilst the deck cannot be planked fully before it is installed, some of the planking can be done on the two
halves before installation because:
the intricate laser-cutouts around the Main Mast means the trimming of planks will need great care
or alternatively see below for an alteration,
the planks being only 0.5 mm. thick will most likely cause some planks to warp/ lift with the
moist glue and that is more easily controlled on the work bench
After planking the whole deck or even a major part I usually coat the timber with a wood sealer
which serves a couple of uses. Firstly, after sealing the surface, a few wood fibres may lift and these are
easily removed when the whole surface is sanded back. No more fibres will lift when the final finish is
applied to the deck a bonus ! Also, after installation, any glue/ adhesive spills are easily removed without
damage to the sealed deck surface another bonus !
I was not happy with the very fine laser-cut area

around the mast (Fig. 30) even though this will be
hidden by the Quarter Deck above. I over-planked
this section by an extra 3 mm. and inserted a narrow
piece of plywood underneath to match the extra
width of planks. This increases the narrow part and
lessens the very real risk of the planking material just
breaking off when trimming back to its proper size. I
am going to assume that decreasing the length of the
grating opening will have no effect on its
construction. Time will tell.
extra 3 mm.
shown in blue
Figure 26: Portion of Main Deck Adjacent to Main Mast

(Top View)
The entire deck surface was planked minus

the one planking strip row that will sit neatly
over the join of the two halves when they are
finally installed.
Two support strips (shown by broken lines in diagram

above) were placed underneath either side of section
around the mast prior to the two deck halves being
installed.
Figure 27: Underside View of Main Deck The Main Deck is not installed at
Showing Reinforcing Strip
this point.
40
Bow Construction
The following two diagrams indicate how I proceeded from the original plans ...
Figure 29: Front View of Frame 1 - Alignment of Front

Top Edge with Main Deck Profile
Figure 30: False Keel Showing Marking for the

packing pieces
Fitting of Frame 1
Frame 1 needed fitting into its place. To do so, its

appropriate position was first marked out on the
Figure 29: Plan View of Frames 1 & 2 false keel. The important feature here was that the
top edge of Frame 1 viewed from the front had to
conform to the Main Deck profile. Obviously Frame 1 was going to be cut into two halves, making
allowance for the thickness of the false keel.
The kit supplied a filler block, 35 x 60 x 120 mm. This was sufficient to provide the required filler on the
front end of Frame 1 AND the fillers either side at the stern end adjacent to Frame 10.
Plan deviation ... I chose not to just use the packing
strips behind Frame 1 as shown in the plan sheet.
Instead, I had sufficient scrap timber to produce two
large blocks instead of the strips. The advantage here
is that a total surface is now created upon which the
full planking around the bow can occur Fig. 35.
Figure 31: Partially Shaped Bow Filler Blocks
Figure 32: Careful Use of Limited Material to Form Bow

Filler Blocks
41
False Keel & Posts Preliminary Discussion
Stem Post
Now that the bow filler blocks have been shaped to their correct
form and the stern transom is completed, it is a good idea to
consider adding the posts.
The exposed edge of the stem (bow) and stern - post is very dark
due to the laser-cutting process and it may necessary to sand this
back to the original wood colour, depending on your choice of
wood finish.
Not happy with just leaving the surface of the stem post plain and
whilst much will be hidden by decorations, I opted to carve timber
lines onto the two surfaces to make them appear more authentic.
At the same time, the three round holes shown in Plan Sheet 11
for the stem post were drilled out as well completing the extended
hole. This stem post should NOT be fixed in place until all the
planking is complete (refer to the following page).
Figure 33: Stem Post with Carved Lines
Inversion Support Stand

To allow work on the lower keel (and plank the lower hull), I created a support stand which allowed name
protection of the fragile upper framework when the framework is inverted. Supporting pieces used were
17 mm. thick mdf.
Support Two pieces, separated by

underneath a spacer, that combined
bow fit through opening in Two wedges
Main Deck and supports underneath top
against the Gun Deck edge of stern
underneath transom
Figure 34: Inversion Stand & Its Use
42
False Keel Tapering

The false keel and stems are not put in place at this stage but it is worthwhile appreciating the construction
of this length, particularly in relation to Plan Sheet 11. In these drawings, the various frames (bulkheads)
are shown with a finely tapered point especially those towards the stern. However, it must be
understood that this point (actually approx. 4 mm. wide) allows for the double planking either side of it
and in the end the bottom edge will be approx. 8 mm. wide and not just a fine line as suggested by the
drawings. Hopefully, the following diagrams
illustrate what must be done in tapering the original
keel before any planking is carried out.
combined double planking

(both sides)
= approx. 4 mm. (allowing for
Figure 35: False Keel in
sanding) Plan Sheet 2
10 x 10 mm.
false keel
tapered width of the 10 mm. keel will be approx. 4

mm. allowing for approx. a 1 mm. overhang each
side of the false keel
Figure 36: Construction of False Keel
The plywood surfaces extending downwards from the frames need to be tapered carefully to a
minimum width of approx. 4 mm.
Figure 37: Stern & Bow Tapering of Keel
43
Chapter 5: HULL STRUCTURE (Part 2)

Bulkheads
Bulkhead (paratia) Beginnings

Now it may seem a little
strange to divert from the core
work of planking that is about
to occur but the insertion of the
bulkheads will occur as the
decks are being put into place,
not afterwards. So I included
some discussion about them
under this current section.
Bulkead positions:
Light Blue: Sloping Bulkhead C on Upper Quarter Deck
Green: Bulkhead B on Quarter Deck
Pink: Portico extending out from Bulkhead C
Yellow: Extra bulkheads that could be included
Dark Blue: Door to Bulkead C
Orange: Bench seat
Figure 38: Bulkhead Placement
The first stage of constructing Bulkheads A & B was considered at this point but I left Bulkhead C until
later. Plan Sheets 2 and 3 gave a thorough understanding of the deck arrangement as well as the
positioning of other items such as the bench seat (no. 26) immediately in front of Bulkhead B! The two
laser-cut pieces used to create Bulkheads B and C were too high allowing room for any individual
variations in the build. My changes were:
Bulkhead B reduced to 32.6 mm. across.

Bulkhead C reduced to 30.5 mm. in centre & 27.5 mm. at sides. Check your own measurements.
The bulkead outline diagrams for B and C on Plan Sheet 5 are not accurate particularly when
considering the size of the doors & windows. Care was taken to adjust the bottom camber of Bulkhead
B mine needed flattening out (by approx. 1.5 mm.).
Another aspect which will not concern many builders (but a few I would hope) is that there are
two other bulkheads (yellow shading) at least that could be put in position Fig. 38.
44
Bulkhead B Preparation
Having tightly held the Quarter Deck and Upper Quarter Deck in position with clamps and checking the
height (which needed some reduction), I felt confident about preparing this bulkhead in detail. At the
same time, whilst the width is greater than needed,
that can be left until it is fitted into position.
The dimensions for the doors & windows were

taken from the plan sheet containing the diagram
above and then easily cut out with my Dremel
Power Tool with a mini-circular saw attachment and
then trimmed to size with a sharp knife.
Figure 40: Diagrammatic View of Bulkhead B
Figure 39: A Modeller's Construction of Bulkhead B
Stage 1: The front surface of the bulkhead was covered with 0.5 x 6 mm. walnut strips and the
framing was carried out with 1.0 x 3 mm. strips.
The timber surface was coated with a sealant and then re-sanded this avoids the lifting of wood
fibres when the surface is painted. The door and window frrames were painted with Games
Workshop paint colour Graveyard Earth.
Bulkhead B, Stage 1 complete. The wood sealant

has been sanded back (but a few reflective shiny
parts were missed before the photo was taken).
Final height and width will be adjusted later when
being installed. Metal decorations are still to be
added.
Figure 41: First Stage of Building Bulkhead B
45
Bulkhead A Preparation
Again I felt that some time examining the bow in detail could serve a useful purpose so I decided to start
the construction of yet another bulkhead. Some will shake their head and say get on with the planking
but there is quite a bit of time to spend on Bulkhead A ... so why not now ?
Whilst there will be considerable adjustment of the final size, the cutting out of the doors, the upper
openings, the creation of a curve, the planking and other pieces of timber as well as the construction of the
doors all add up to a little creativity !
Having marked the various openings to cut out, I heavily scored each outline with a
sharp blade that cut through at least one third of the plywood. It was just a matter of
using a sharp blade to cut back to the lines that I had scored ealier. This was not at all a
difficult piece of work.
The bulkhead was given a curve (wetting & pressing) as shown in Plan Sheet 5 and
the photo opposite.
After finishing the bulkhead to accurate detail, what will be the rear surface was then
covered completely with 0.5 x 6 mm planking, sanded and trimmed to size. Cut-outs
were then done. The reverse side (i.e. the side facing the bow) was covered with the
same planking, sanded and again the same cut-outs completed but not trimmed back
fully leaving an overhang of approx. 3 mm. This is in anticipation of matching in with
the planked sides when finally installed.
Apart from the obvious vertical metal decorations, the

front surface of the bulkhead can be left fairly plain or
adorned with a number of wood strips.
The doors I made slightly over-size by laminating a few

pieces of scrap plywood with 4 x 0.5 mm. strips. Careful
trimming down to the correct size and then edging them
with more of the same strip material produced a neat
looking structure. A little altering of the doorway opening
was also needed. Addition of hinges added the finishing
Figure 42: Curving
the Bulkhead
touch.
Figure 43: To Be Replaced
Curve a Work in
By Something Better !!!
Progress
The photo below shows how far I went before this bulkhead is finally installed. The wood has been coated
with a sealer which then allows a final sanding to take place. The two strips added at this point were a 4 x
2 mm. with a 6 x 1 mm. on top of that. Any further strips of timber will depend on the final height of this
piece when installed.
PHOTO TO BE ADDED
46
Bulkhead C Preparation
This bulkhead is quite different to the other two in that:

it is not vertical with respect to the deck but inclines backwards towards the stern,
it has overlapping planks forming its surface,
its entrance door is part of the extended enclosed portico or verandah
it has no stairs leading up to the poop deck but a series of steps mounted each side on its surface,
the bulkhead door is in two halves with hinges on each side.
In spite of all these variations, its construction is quite straightforward but be careful to match in the width
of the plywood overhang from the poop deck with the width of the portico extension.
Bowsprit
Now it might seem out of sequence to even mention this
mast but I would strongly suggest constructing its overall
shape and creating a length of 345 mm. rather than the
drawing length of 330 mm. The reason for doing this is that
there is some frame adjustment to carry out which will be
easier to do than when the hull is fully planked. This
adjustment will allow the full seating of the bowsprit onto
the side of the Foremast beneath the decking. The bowsprit
end will, therefore, be concave. A full commentary is
contained in Manual 4, pp. 15-16.
Figure 44: Foremast & Bowsprit Abutment
47
Hatchways & Grates
Euromodel have supplied grate strips that are similar to that used in the drawings. However there
are small dimensional differences that will cause you to create grates that are slightly different in
size to that shown... so, some flexibility in thinking is required!
Grate Appearance
A dilemma most models that I have seen show the original white/cream colour of the grate strips
surrounded by the much darker walnut strips and the appearance is quite striking. Others have chosen to
lightly stain the grate strips to give a more weathered look. The confusion increased when I looked at two
restored ships (albeit in Britain). HMS Victory in Portsmouth shows the Main Deck gratings painted white
with a dark natural brown surround and the HMS Trincomalee in Hartlepool where the entire grate
including the outer framework having a brown painted surface. In the end, there will always be a balance
between historical accuracy and modellers preferences. I decided on the latter approach where I assumed
the timber in the grates and frameworks would be of the same material and therefore the same colouration.
Maybe not as pretty as so often portrayed in models but that was my personal choice.
Main Deck, Grate Type 18 + Grate Type 19

This grate type consists of eight sub-units, all of the same width across the deck. Type 19 consisting of
two sub-units (shaded pale green in Fig. 30 below) are completely under the Quarter Deck and Type 18
consisting of six sub-units (pale blue) is mainly visible on the open portion of the Main Deck.
Before beginning this discussion, I must point out my strong belief that in any grate the continuous visible
strips are laid down in a fore-aft direction. Nevertheless, I still followed the direction shown in the drawings
(e.g. see Fig. 45 below) to make construction simpler with some of the grates.
Grate Type 18
The six grates each were made up of 6 full lengths + 14 half lengths (i.e. 7 full lengths) one extra unit of the same
size is needed for Hatch 19 (see below). Once assembled, the units were individually immersed in a 1:1 PVA
water mixture and allowed to dry. Careful sanding along the edges provided a grating with uniform openings over
the entire structure (Fig. 45). My finished grate size (without borders) was 58.20 mm. x 25.50 mm.
The drawings suggest a grate thickness of 2 mm. but that would only apply to a scratch build. The grate pieces are
just over 3 mm. thickness so that led me to use 3 x 3 mm. wood strip rather than the 2 x 3 mm. provided.
The figure below is composite the green area is from a separate drawing and shows bevelled corners; the blue
area is from a larger, general drawing and does not show the bevel detail. For this basic version, the corners of the
frame can be butt-jointed and the overall effect is fine. However, I chose to create the bevelled corners which
required a little more effort which is shown in the advanced section (refer toError! Reference source not
found.). I was not sure how this was going to turn out but using an Amati Master Cutter, the required 45 o was
actually rather simple to achieve. To match the curvature of the deck camber, some further sanding could be done
to produce a slight curve over the top surface.
Type 18
Figure 45: Grate Types 18 (blue) + 19 (green) in one composite diagram
48
Total no. grate lengths for Type 18 : 6 x (6 + 7) = 78
Figure 46: Grate Type 18

Grate Type 19
This consists of two grate units ...
1 large grate: [6 full lengths + 14 half lengths (i.e. 7 full lengths)] = 13
strips; my finished hatch size (without borders) was 58.20 mm. x
25.50 mm. the same as that required for the Hatch 18 units.
2 small grates, each 1 full length + 1 half length + 6 quarter
lengths (i.e. 1.5 full lengths).
Total no. grate lengths for type 19: 13 + 2x3 = 19
NOTE: Although this grate consists of two different units, I found the
easiest method of construction was to make this whole assembly at the
same time rather than the two individual units. Whether you decide to
use butt joints or utilise the 45o bevel angle, the whole structure is
created like a jigsaw puzzle. Fig. 31 gives a clearer indication of what the Figure 47: Grate Type 19
two different pieces look like. I used a jig made from some planking
material glued onto a board and within this area the whole grate was assembled.
Quarter Deck: Grate Type 25

This grating consists of five sub-units:
2 narrow sub-assemblies (on far left) in Fig. 32 each 1 half strip + 6 quarter strips.
3 rectangular sub-assemblies each 5 full strips + 9 half strips (i.e. 5 full strips)
1 assembly (far right) created from one of
the above three.
Type 25 : Total no. of grate lengths

required : 4 + 2x10 + 1x10 = 34
49
Upper Quarter Deck: Grate Type 28

This grating consists of one sub-unit 6 full lengths cut
appropriately
Type 28 : Total no. of grate pieces required : = 6
Figure 49:Grate Type 28
Forecastle Deck: Grate Type 11

This grating consists of one sub-unit 5 full strips + 9 half
strips (i.e. 5 full strips).
Rather than using Plan Sheet 4 which shows the individual drawing,
I took my measurements from Plan Sheet 2 which gives a narrower
grate and a wider opening. Your choice but my feeling was that the
latter drawing gave a better set of dimensions, particularly when
considering the steps through the opening.
Type 11 : Total no. of grate pieces required : = 10

TOTAL NUMBER OF GRATE PIECES FOR ALL DECKS = 147
Stove
Careful examination of the plan sheets shows that this ship differs to the majority of other ships from the
Euromodel stable the top of the ships galley stove projects above the Gun Deck level but beneath the
Main Deck level. No portion is visible on the completed ship so many builders would deem it not
necessary to build any portion of it ! That is what I also decided.
50
29.2 mm.
above
deck
surface.
Yard Arm Bollards
The two below-deck

bollards need to be
secured before the Main
Figure 51: Main Mast Bollard
Viewed From Starboard Side Deck is placed in
position.
Figure 52:
Bollard Cleat
Main Mast Bollard

Technically, four sheaves (pulleys) could be utilized here but I considered
against the time that this would entail and opted for four sets of double
holes drilled through the bollard along with four vertical channels to
simulate the appearance of the sheaves (Fig. 53). A 5 mm. depth was cut
out of the bollard to allow for half the keel thickness. This cut created a
bollard height of 29.2 mm. above the deck which is greater than that shown
in Plan Sheet 03. Additions included a cleat and an eye pin the latter
not yet in place. It was then glued in position directly on the port side of the
Figure 53: Bollard 'Sheaves'
centre line and secured to the side of the false keel.
Short lengths of temporary rope were inserted

through the holes to allow for easier final fixing
of the ropes that will pass through this bollard.
Figure 54: Main Mast Bollard in Position
51
Foremast Bollard
At this stage neither the Main or Forecastle Deck

is in place. Unlike the previous bollard
placement, this one required a few significant
changes.
The transverse frame shown in

pale green in Fig. 55 appears to
be in the wrong position and
would have been hard up
against the bollard not leaving
Figure 55: Altering Frame for Foremast Bollard
any space aft of this structure.
Positioning So I chose to cut out a section
leaving the dark green areas onto which I glued a replacement beam shown in
blue. This then provided the space needed for the ropes and also corresponded
with the edge of the adjacent grate. The round hole (yellow) that is pre-cut in
the Main Deck was utilized as a marking point and I enlarged it to
accommodate the bollard. A little disconcerting to do the former
cutting/glueing factor, but a valuable lesson in keeping an eye on the plan
drawings.
The bollard finished up with a longer cut on the one side only as indicated in
Fig. 56. The bottom was seated into a small cut in the Battery Deck. Figure 56:
Altering Length of
Foremast Bollard
TO BE COMPLETED
Figure 57: Positioning Foremast Bollard

The colour shading relates to the diagram above.
The patterned rectangular pattern shows the cut-out
required for the bollard. This preserves the spatial
relationship with the Foremast hole. NOTE: Some
extra planking is required due to the visibility of the
Battery Deck at this point.
52
Chapter 6: STEERAGE,ANCHORAGE & HAULAGE

Steerage
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the larger ships were commonly
steered through a sweep a tall vertical beam connected to the tiller
through a swivel bearing. The helmsman could be found standing on
the Main Deck looking out onto the Quarter Deck or taking directions
from another crew member.
Rudder
The supplied blade is already laser-cut to shape including that required for the fitting of the pintles (rudder
irons). With their gudgeon pins, the pintles fit into the stem post pintles of the hull.
There is no indication in the drawings for the tapering of the rudder so I adopted the following vertical
tapers ...
aft edge from 10 mm. to 5 mm.
inner edge from 10 mm. to 8.6 mm. Figure 58: Sweep & Tiller
Thus the maximum taper is at the bottom on the aft edge.
Note that the pintles completely wrap around the rudder. There is also a metal decoration to be placed on
the top of the rudder post (Fig. 59).
There are other choices that could be made such as illustrating the use
of separate timbers in the rudder and the presence of the tiller arm [use
hyper-link above]. You may elect simply not to show the presence of
the tiller arm at all.
Rudder Pendants
At the second rudder iron down, an eye pin and ring were inserted on
each side to anchor the rudder pendants (ropes that could be used in the
event of tiller damage). Where the 1.0 mm. pendant rope passes through
the hull, I planned to use two 3 mm. brass portholes which form a
Figure 59: Rudder Pendant
very neat appearance. However, to simplify matters, the pendant ropes
could be passed into two holes and glued in position.
53
Anchorage
The larger sheet anchor (ancora di
speranza) and the smaller bow anchor
(ancora di posta) are to be found on each
side at the bow end. The attached ropes
are connected to a nearby capstan. Buoys
floating on the water surface indicate the
vertical position of each anchor.
Figure 60: Complete Anchor; Basic Form
Anchor Assembly
Time needs to be spent on the metal components filing the surfaces to remove raised casting edges. At this
stage, the top of the shank (above the wooden stock) will need to be very carefully drilled through to
accomodate the anchor ring - there may well be an impression of a hole. The metal is fragile and and
drilling must be done by hand very slowly to avoid breakages.
Anchor Cable (gomene delle ancora)

At sea, the cable was often unreeved (unrove or
undone) from the anchor ring and secured along
the deck. During the 18th. century, the cable was
secured to the ring with an fishermans knot -
some references confirm its use on Mediterranean
vessels during this time. The fishermans knot is
an easy knot to create. The photo & diagram
opposite illustrate this knot. Do not colour the
rope to simulate tar. Historically, these ropes
were not coated with tar handling would be
difficult and in any case the ropes readily dried
out after immersion.
Figure 61: Fisherman's Knot

So ...
sheet anchor cable = 1.5 mm. (largest size available in kit)
bow anchor cable = 1.5 mm. (largest size available in kit)
seizing rope = 0.5 mm.
54
Figure 62: Anchor Rigging Showing Fisherman's Knot

Haulage
The cathead was a heavy beam extending well out from the hull
to allow the lifting of large metal anchors without damaging the
wooden hull.
Hauling of the ropes was done by movement of the rotating

capstan from the 17 century one was located abaft the Main
Mast for general lifting and the other abaft of the Foremast on or
under the Forecastle Deck for lifting the anchors.
Anchor Cable (cavo delle ancora)

The largest size rope available in this kit was 1.5 mm. diameter but I Figure 63: Cathead Supporter,
Basic
decided to utilize 2.0 mm the largest I could readily obtain locally.
Cathead (gru di capone)

This heavy wooden beam carries two sheaves (pulleys) at its outboard end. The anchor tackle is reeved
through these sheaves and belayed to a cleat or timberhead on the forecastle. The drawings also show a
supporter on the underside of the cathead (Fig. 63), needed to support the block & tackle used in
hauling the anchor up. The supporter is represented by an eye pin. A more detailed interpretation of
stowage is contained in the advanced section.
The cathead beam is curved the majority of ships models show many variations but even so are usually
straight. In the most simplest approach, you could utilise the 8 x 8 mm. as a straight beam and leave it at
that. If you want to be more precise in following the drawing intentions, then you will need to create a
curve no mean feat ! I attempted to create a curve in the 8 x 8 x 200 mm. piece supplied and even
though I utilised a steam bath, much hot water and even ammonia solution, I still managed to crack the
wood in a number of places.
I then considered an alternative

approach which was simple and
easy to achieve lamination. I
utilised four pieces of 2 x 8 x 160
mm planking, After being soaked
in hot water for two hours, this
was then sufficient to bend them in
a press - Fig. 64. An alternative
method using a simpler set of tools
is shown in Fig. 65 which uses a
Figure 64: Forming the Cathead Curve board with a series of vertical
rods... there will be other setups possible but these two will give you the idea! If using the latter method, I
suggest using an extra strip adjacent to the rods to avoid denting the surface of the wood strips to be used.
Each method mirrored both cathead curves, holding them in position and then allowing drying in a warm
oven for two hours. The pieces could then be glued together forming the desired curved 8 x 8mm.
catheads. After allowing the glue to fully dry, the two catheads were cut out of the total curve.
55
In Fig. 66 the cathead beams are shown with the simulated two sheaves. The four holes passing through
the cathead that simulate the two sheaves I produced by using a very fine drill. The hole drilling must be
done slowly and care taken that the bit is at right angles to the surface. Even so, I started each hole from
both sides and with some patience, the holes were drilled and channels carefully cut into the surface
between each pair of holes.
Some of the typical terms relating to the cathead

assembly are :
1. Cathead Block (bozzello tipo FF)

The block available for this is a 2-hole, 10 mm. piece.
2. Cathead Tackle (paranco di capone)

0.75 mm. rope starts from an eye pin under the
cathead, through the block and cathead above and then
to a timberhead of similar fixing point on the nearby
bulwark.
3. Cathead Tackle Hook (stroppo e gancio in acc.)

The hook and the strap around the block are both made
from brass wire.
Figure 66: Sheaves in the Curved Catheads
Capstan (argano)
Anchor Capstan (argano a salpare)

Both capstans are actually a double-capstan design with two barrels fitted on the same spindle situated on two decks
thus allowing double the number of men to operate it. Whelps were arranged around the barrel to help prevent the
rope from slipping and strengthening chocks were fitted between the whelps.
The anchor capstan supplied is of a height and width

that varies considerably from the drawing dimensions
but is the nearest commerically available unit. All that
was required was the assembling of the eight whelps
and the creation of the bars. The bars are not installed
in the capstan on a working ship they are put to one
side to avoid creating an obstruction. So this is one
area not demanding a high degree of precision. It you
do opt for the square holes, do not drill the holes as
this process will readily fracture the surrounding
wood but carefully utilise a fine blade - beware that
this may cut into the upper and lower lips on the
head of the capstan.
When attaching to the deck, the capstan was glued

down onto the deck planking.
56
Figure 67: Structure Typical for the Main Capstan

Rounded holes yet to be made square !
Chapter 6:
ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION
Friedrich Wilhelm
zu Pferde
57
Chapter 7: ADVANCED NOTES
Tools
Apart from the normal range of cutting blades, cutting mats, fine metal files, large soldering iron
(plank bending) etc., the following tools were essential or at the very least useful.
Vertical belt sander with attached

sanding disc absolutely indispensable
Dremel tools (high speed cutter tool,

sanding drum & other bits; flexible drive
attachment; along with a mini drill press)
Digital vernier calipers how could you do without these ?

Jig saw fine blade. No way I
could have done without this
work horse.
58
Lathe for those

masts & yards, etc.
Not shown but also
useful is an electric
min-plane (below).
One of my most valuable tools will always be the glue syringe. Used with care, it can deliver
just one very small droplet glue to the task in hand. Alternatively, it can deliver a constant
stream. The advantage of this device is that it has a very small opening at the external tip
which easily seals over after use where it comes in contact with the air. When next required, a
pin prick through the small pocket of solidified glue at the tip allows the syringe to come back
into use. I can leave the tool for months without use and it is always ready to use. I would not
be without it.
59
Stern Construction
The upper & lower transom pieces are laser-
cut from 5 mm. plywood but there is one
major hurdle to overcome both should have a
distinct curve generated in them as the the plan
view of the poop deck illustrates. Working
from the original plan, there is a 6 mm.
difference between the edges and the middle
of the upper transom piece !
There is also mention made in Plan Sheet 12

Figure 68: Illustrating Curvature of Transom [Lo specchio inferiore va leggermente in curvato e
rastremato in basso i.e. the lower stern transom
must be gently curved and tapered].
To create these curves, I produced a form shape from 20 mm. board onto
which I could press the upper transom piece (see Fig. 71). The difference in
height between the centre line and edges of the form I initially made 6 mm. but
after some trial and error, 8 mm. worked better (after drying, the curved
plywood showed a curvature difference of approx. 6 mm.).
The plywood was immersed in water for three hours and then screwed tightly
down onto the form (Fig. 72). After some attempts at air drying in a naturally
warm environment, I settled on placing it into a heated oven for one hour at
approx. 180 Celsius, turning the oven off and leaving it there for another hour.
The result was excellent and in the end substantiated using the wood-screw
method ... even though it produced a damaged-looking result. Since this is
well hidden by timber & decorations, the end result is no different.
Alternatively, I could have used a strip of timber on top of each edge and held
them down with a number of strong clamps but with wood or plastic
Figure 69: Curved components in the clamps, the oven method of drying would not have been
Transom
possible.
Figure 70: Upper Transom Piece Fixed Onto Base
Figure 71: Base Board Used to Create Curved Transom
60
As it turned out, the lower transom required more

manipulation than the upper. Firstly, I re-adjusted
the form used for curving the upper transom so that
the curve across the width was only a 3 mm.
difference between the outer edges and the centre.
Secondly, the lower transom needed to be curved
from top to bottom. I managed this by again
adjusting the form in that direction as well. Here
the screw-method came into its own and with the Figure 72: Curving Lower Transom
transom thoroughly wet, it was not difficult to bend
Red line (dashed): curvature across
the plywood in two directions at the same time (refer to the - a difference of about 3 mm.
photograph opposite). Very happy with the result after another Yellow line (dashed): curvature
session with the heated oven ! As unsightly as this method is, down - a difference of about 2 mm.
producing the same result with clamps in the oven would have
been difficult (impossible with any plastic components).
Transom Support
I realised at this stage why quarter deck
many builders do not bend alignment
the upper transom. The
support pieces for the
transom shown in the
original drawings generating
a straight line across the
stern ... thus the transom
Figure 73: Starting Point for Curvature must be straight... is not a main deck alignment
Formation true assumption.
With the curved transom that I produced, the supports obviously

need to be curved as well. So I glued in position the supports,
taking care to align with both the quarter and main decks as
shown in the diagram opposite. However, I decided to add one
extra support (easily cut out of scrap) so that I could fill in more Figure 74: Alignment of Transom
of the space available and so I began by fixing a piece either side Support Pieces
of the false keel rather than one in line
with the keel. Extra filler supports
were placed between the supports to
strengthen the whole structure. All of
this should be clarified by looking
at Fig. 75.
There are eight support
pieces one was missing/
lost so I had to cut out two
pieces (one each side,
white.
Figure 75: Transom Support Pieces
61
Just a reminder ... my most valuable tools used whilst

constructing the stern were the high-speed cutting tool and
sanding drum depicted opposite (and underneath).
Stern Filler Blocks

The kit supplies a filler block, 35 x 60 x 120 mm. This is sufficient to provide the required fillers
AND the fillers either side at the bow end adjacent to Frame 1.
The two filler blocks either side now need to be produced. When glued to the two outer support
pieces, the term B is used in the plan sheet. These blocks will form a strong bond with Frame
10 and thus allow a continuous surface for planking through to the stern extremity.
Showing position
of support B in
relation to Frame
10. The green
shading shows the
cross-sectional
shape of the filler
block to be added.
The red shading
shows the amount
of the support B
that needs to be
removed.
Figure 76: Stern Filler Blocks
The two blocks that I produced were smaller than anticipated from the plan sheet but posed no
problem in their construction.
62
Transom Shaping
I proceeded to generate a curve in the upper portion of the transom support pieces using the
upper transom as a template. My trusty Dremel with its grinding wheels/ stones proved useful
here as timber can be ground away without generating very much stress on the structure. The
curve created in the support pieces behind the upper transom then caused some considerable re-
shaping of the side support pieces to accommodate the curve.
Hopefully the following photos will illustrate the steps that I made to create the stern.
Not clearly evident but the

red line is curved in a...
horizontal direction
(centre towards you and
the ends away from you),
vertically downwards in a
concave curve
Figure 77: Transom Curvature Perspective A
Colour code showing ....
1. Red line (dashed): illustrating the need to

carve back along the whole length of the
outer supporting pieces to accomodate the
curve of the upper transom.
2. Yellow block: edge of upper transom.
Figure 78: Transom Curvature Perspective B
63
Frame 10 required considerable cutting back at the

bottom to allow the lower transom piece to be fitted
Now leaving only
20.4 mm. above the
against Frame 10.
slot.
The transom piece needed an extra 34 mm. cut out to

deepen the slot so that it could fit over the false keel.
Cut out an extra
30.4 mm. This should leave 20.5 mm. of timber above the slot (a
previous photo shows this already done). Yours may
be a later production piece and Euromodel may well
have fixed this error.
Figure 79: Diagrammatic View, Lower Transom
Figure 80: Lower Transom, Alterations to be Made
The carving/tapering that went on with the total stern was not difficult but just required a little
thinking so hopefully the annotated photo that follows will illustrate the major focal points to
cover in creating your stern.
Colour code for stern carving ...

1. Pale blue areas: very definite tapering.
2. Red line (solid): continuous straight line
with suppporting pieces and Frame 10.
3. Orange line (dashed): concave curve for
bottom of upper transom piece.
4. Blue line (dashed): convex curve for top of
lower transom piece.
5. Yellow line (dashed): bottom section of
Frame 10 cut away through tapering the
surface.
6. Green line (dashed): concave curve
separating two planked sections of stern
Figure 81: Overview of Stern Construction
64
One of the most important pieces of advice I can give here is to reiterate what is contained in the
original drawings for the stern ... constantly check and re-check through dry-fitting before any
pieces are finally glued in position.
Figure 82: Force-Fitting the Lower Transom
The previous comment especially applies to the dry-fitting of the lower transom piece. This took
a lot of patience to get the curve correct. I had to wet/ clamp/ heat three times before I got it
anywhere near correct ! In the end, it was close enough. Finally, it was glued in position and
forced into its final curves using a screw each side going into the frame behind and a screw
going into a piece of scrap wood and into the keel to curve the bottom section. The photo above
explains this more clearly.
65
Rudder
The rudder was made up with three or four lengths bolted together, each one
stepped down in a "hance" to the rudder post. So deep lines were cut down
either side of the blade to simulate the use of three timbers in creating the
rudder blade.
Near the top of the rudder, a 3.5 mm.

square hole for the tiller arm was
produced. For the sake of completion, I
produced a 2.5 mm. tiller arm
projection out from the rudder a total
length of 6.0 mm. allowed the
projection to fit into the rudder post
(refer to the object shaded pink in Fig.
84). A vertical pin (brass rod) was
inserted through the tiller projection
adjacent to the rudder post (refer to the
object shaded green in Fig. 84).
In building this model it is unlikely that

the remainder of the tiller arm (shaded
Figure 84: Tiller Projection Through
yellow) in total can/will be built. Rudder Post
The bearding (Fig. 86) has its outer edge bevelled on both sides.
Rudder Pendants
The eye pin + ring attaches the
pendant rope to the rudder and
is often anchored through a
metal strap such as a metal
pintle for added strength and
not just the wood. Plan Sheet 2
appears to show this (not sure
where pin is located could
Figure 83: Wilhelm zu be just off the pintle but I
Pferde Rudder assume that it IS passing
through the pintle). Figure 85: Rudder - Pendant Rope Attachment
bearding
Figure 86: Rudder

Bearding
66
Anchor Assembly
The metal castings measurements
were reasonably close to the
drawings and no improvements
could be made. The wooden stocks
provided were quite different in
their dimensions compared to the
described size and appearance. I
felt it a pity not to attempt some
modification ...
Sheet Anchor & Bow Anchor (ancora di speranza e ancora di posta)
Stock of Sheet Anchor

The measurements of the supplied
pieces were +/- 64.5 x 7.4 x 8.1 mm.
different to the drawing size of 76.0 x
6.0 x 10.0 mm. I decided to produce the
stock from scrap timber.
Figure 87: Showing Size Variation of Baulks from Standard Stock
Supplied
Stock of Bow Anchor

The measurements of the supplied pieces were again +/- 64.5
x 7.4 x 8 .1 mm. but this time reasonably similar to the
drawing size of 65.0 x 5.0 x 8.0 mm. For reasons of timber
colour & ease of manufacturing, I still decided to produce the
this stock from scrap timber.
Although not clear in the drawings, the stocks were

historically produced from two halves creating the two
baulks that make up the stock a laborious task but
worth the effort. For this, I utilised some scrap 10 mm.
thick mahogany left over from some of the laser-cut
pieces. In the drawings, the two halves are shown bound
together by metals studs. nails/bolts so for this I utilised
some small brass nails
67
Anchor Ring (cicala delle ancora)

The four brass rings supplied were all approx. 6.5 mm. in diameter and will be utilised by most
modellers. However, it was here that I decided to work from information gleaned from the
following link : http://hnsa.org/doc/steel/part3.htm#pg81 . This link at least confirmed that
anchor rings are indeed large and whilst the English standard ring diameter was a little less than
that shown in the drawings for this ship, I at least knew I was creating rings of approximately the
same standards used during these times. I used some 1.18 mm. diameter brass rod I had as
follows : 15 mm. diameter for the sheet anchors and 10 mm. diameter for the bow anchors.
Of interest, the ring would have a series of puddening strips of tarred cloth followed by rope
and finally some fine yard applied at
each end of the rope and also in the
middle. At this scale, it is reasonable
to only apply the rope (1.5 mm.
sheet & 1.0 mm. bow).
Anchor Cable (cavo delle ancora)

The largest size rope available in this kit was 1.5 mm. diameter but I decided to utilize 2.0 mm the
largest I could readily obtain locally.
Cathead (gru di capone)

Some will attempt to
create a curvature in the
supplied 8 x 8 mm. piece
not an easy task but I
was more than happy
creating curves through
lamination of thinner
strips glued together.
Figure 88: Bracket for Anchor
Stowage The drawings show a
supporter on the underside of the cathead. Plan Sheet 1
also shows a U-shaped anchor stowage bracket. This
bracket (8.5 x 9.5 mm.) was formed from some 0.75 mm.
brass rod and shaped as described on Plan Sheet 4 and shown in the generalised drawing of the whole ship
in Plan Sheet 1(Fig. 88). A flat plate and the supporter were both attached using small brass nails. The
materials for the bracket will have to be found by the modeller.
Figure 89: Curved Cathead Showing Bracket for Anchor Stowage
68
The following diagram could apply to the Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde but is a generic layout and hence
open to variation and interpretation.
Cathead Tackle (paranco di capone)

rope usually starts from a ring on the
side of the cathead, through the block
Cathead Stopper & cathead above & then to a
(amante della gru) timberhead or similar fixing point on
This rope , anchored with the nearby bulwark.
a knot above the vertical
hole extending through the
cathead, passes through Cathead Block (bozzello)
the anchor ring of the bow The block available for this
anchor, over the cathead is a 2-hole, 10 mm. piece
sheave on the side &
hence to a timberhead or
similar fixing point on the
nearby bulwark.
Cathead Tackle Hook

(stroppo e gancio in acc.)
The hook and the strap
around the block are both
made from brass wire.
Figure 90: Cathead Rigging
69
Capstan (argano)
The plans give detailed data for the enthusiast to
construct capstans typical of this era but for the
mainstream of ship modelers, there are two
choices. Ignore the intricate data shown and so
not construct the capstan as shown or making a
presentable capstan using the material supplied.
Figs. 91 & 92 show my own capstan

produced by using a lathe but the
straightforward one (Capstan (argano)
supplied by Euromodel will save much time.
Figure 92: Fitting Whelps Holes were drilled and then squared to take the
to Capstan Spindle 31 mm. long bars which were easily made from
2 x 2 mm. wood. The eight whelps that fit around the capstan spindle
required a small cut very, very carefully as the wood is easily fractured.
Figure 91: Anchor Capstan
Completed (Advanced Version)
Note when assembling the

finished model - avoid the
common error of having the
bars slotted into the capstan!
On a working ship, they would
be a major hindrance and
should be stored on the deck to
one side.
The capstan stands on a base

which is 6.75 mm. thick, most
of which is below deck level Figure 93: Capstan Base
supported by beams underneath (refer to diagram above and photo opposite). To add a touch of realism,
the base could be included by representing the small amount that is visible using a thin piece of scrap
plywood or similar wood.
70
End
of
Manual 1 of 7
FRIEDRICH WILHELM
ZU PFERDE
71

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Euromodel Resource 1 of 7; Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde Hull Structure

Figure 1: Stern View of Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde

My build is an interpretation of the ship based on the

Whose untold generosity as owner of

Who opened his family to my family

To him I owe much

To All Ship Builders

this documentation of my work is not an instructional manual for

It is a record of how I approached the build of this ship utilizing

I simply wish to share my efforts with you !

Historic Ship Models by Wolfram zu Mondfeld (1989).

[To navigate through the contents use control + click]

Euromodel Preview ................................................................................................................................10

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................11

Chapter 2: TRANSLATION (from Italian to English).......................................................................15

Chapter 3: THE KIT .............................................................................................................................23

Chapter 4: HULL STRUCTURE (Part 1) ...........................................................................................29

Stern Construction ...............................................................................................................................33

Chapter 5: HULL STRUCTURE (Part 2) ...........................................................................................43

Chapter 6: STEERAGE,ANCHORAGE & HAULAGE ....................................................................52

Chapter 7: ADVANCED NOTES .........................................................................................................57

Figure 43: To Be Replaced By Something Better !!! ...............................................................................45

Figure 88: Bracket for Anchor Stowage...................................................................................................67

RECENT CHANGES TO MANUAL

Euromodel Scratch Build

Pillau has now been re-named by the Russians as

The ship was 32 metres in length, 9.8 metres wide

Designed with an armament of sixty guns, it

The Friedrich Wilhelm was part of an active fleet

Figure 3: Section From Plan Sheet 2

i.e. no eye pins

Figure 4: Gun Port Detail

How Did I Build This Ship?

navigate directly to that area of Chapter 6 :

As an illustration, here are a number of changes possible but the

1. The gun carriages supplied do not really match the dimensions

Chapter 2: TRANSLATION (from Italian to English)

An on-line dictionary is to be found on the Euromodel website Nautical Terms and

Italian English Plan Translation

Tavola 2 Plan Sheet 2

COLORI - COLOUR COLORI COLOUR

Tavola 3 Plan Sheet 3

Tavola 4 Plan Sheet 4

Tavola 5 Plan Sheet 5

Tavola 6 Plan Sheet 6

Tavola 7 Plan Sheet 7

Tavola 8 Plan Sheet 8

Tavola 9 Plan Sheet 9

Tavola 10 Plan Sheet 10

Tavola 11 Plan Sheet 11

Tavola 12 Plan Sheet 12

Chapter 3: THE KIT

A point I found useful was for many

Figure 6: Re-organisation of Plan Sheets (from another kit)

Much patience is required to identify these pieces

Bulkheads A, B & C (3) Paratia A, B & C

Support Base (1) - Invasatura anteriore + posteriore

Wood Limewood listello tiglio