Solution Class Problems 2 Spring 2017

An airplane can fly at a speed of 800 KPH at sea level, where the temperature is 15 oC. If the
airpalne flies at the same Mach Numder at an altitude where the temperature is -44oC, then find the
speed at which the airplane is flying at this altitude.
V 800 km/hr = 222 m/s T = 288 K 1.4
R 287 J/kg K
0.5
a = (RT) = 340.17 m/s then M = 0.65326

0.5
at T = 229 A a = (RT) = 303 m/s

V V so V = 198 m/s
M = =
a 303
Air at a temperature of 45 oC flows in a supersonic wind tunnel over a narrow wedge. A
shadowgraph photograph of the flow reveals weak waves emanating from the front of the wedge
at an angle of 35o to the undisturbed flow. Find the Mach Number and velocity of the flow
approaching the wedge.
T = 318 K 1.4
R 287 J/kg K
35 deg = 0.61 rad

1 0.5
M = = 1.743443
Sin then a = (RT) = 357.4527 m/s

V = Ma = 623 m/s
An observer at sea level does not hear an aircraft that is flying at an altitude of 7000 m until it is at
a distance of 13 km from the observer. Estimate the mach No at which the aircraft is flying.
o
Assume the average temperature of the air between sea level and 7000 m to be -10 C

1.4
T = 263 K R 287 J/kg K

7000
Tan = 0.538462

= 0.493941 = 30.9 degrees rad 13000

1
M = = 2.10926
Sin
The exhaust gases from a rocket engine can be assumed to behave as a perfect gas
with a specific heat ratio of 1.3 and a molecular weight of 32. The gas is expanded
from the combustion chamber through the nozzle. At a point in the nozzle where the
cross-sectional area is 0.2 m2, the pressure, temperature, and Mach number are 1500
kPa, 800 C and 0.2 respectively.
At some other point in the nozzle, the pressure is found to be 80 kPa. Find the Mach
number, temperature, and cross sectional area at this point. Assume a one-
dimensional, isentropic flow.
P1 = 1500 kPa T1 = 1073 K k 1.3 k/k-1 = 4.33
k-1/k = 0.23 k-1/2 = 0.15
R 260 J/kg K

2 2
Ai 0.2 m T2 ? K V2 ? m/s Ae ? m

P2 = 80 kPa P2
= 0.053333
P1
0.5
a1 = (RT) = 602.22 m/s as M1 = 0.2 so V1 = 120 m/s
k/(k-1) 4.33
k-1
P2 1 + M21 1.006
2
= = = 0.053333
k-1 k-1
P1 1 + M22 1 + M22
2 2

1.006 1 + 0.15 M22 = 1.978643

= 0.51
k-1 2
1 + M 2
2

so M22 = 6.52 M2 = 2.55

k-1
T2 1 + M21
2 1.006 so T2 = 546 K
= = = 0.508429
k-1 2 1.979
T1 1 + M 2
2
0.5

a2 = (RT) = 429.41 so V2 = 1096.832 m/s

1 = P/RT = 5.37673 kg/m3 mf = (AV)1 = 130 kg/s

2 = P/RT = 0.56401 kg/m3 mf = (AV)2 = 130 kg/s

2
A2 = 0.209368 m
*
A pitotstatic tube is placed in a subsonic air flow. The static temperature and
pressure in the air flow are 30C and 101 kPa, respectively. The difference between
the pitot and static pressures is measured using a manometer and is found to be 250
mm Hg. Find the air velocity, assuming the flow to be incompressible and also taking
compressibility effects into account.
R = 287 J/kg K k 1.4 k/k-1 = 3.5 k-1/k = 0.29 k-1/2 = 0.20

P1 = 101 kPa T1 = 303 K V1 = 300 m/s g = 9.81 m/s2

air = 1.16 H = 0.25 m of hg hg = 13580 kg/m3

Po1 - P1 = gh = 33304.95 Pa = 33.3 kPa Po1 134 kPa

0.5
k-1/k
2 Po
M = X - 1 = 0.651281
k-1 P

a1 = (RT) = 348.92 m/s V = 227 m/s

0.50
Vinc = (2*(Po-P))/ = 239.6296 m/s

= 227 - 239.63 = -5.168137 %

227.2451796
Consider a one-dimensional isentropic flow through a duct. At a certain section of
this duct, the velocity is 360 m/s, the temperature is 45C, and the pressure is 120
kPa. Find the Mach number and the stagnation temperature and pressure at this
point in the flow. If the temperature at some other point in the flow is 90C, find the
Mach number and pressure at this point in the flow.

R = 287 J/kg K k 1.4 k/k-1 = 3.5 k-1/k = 0.29 k-1/2 = 0.20

P1 = 120 kPa T1 = 318 K V1 = 360 m/s T2 = 363 K

a1 = (RT) = 357.45 m/s M1 = 1.007126

To1 k-1 To1 = 383 K

= 1 + M21 = 1.202861
T1 2

k/k-1
Po1 k-1 Po1 = 229 kPa
= 1 + M21 = 1.91
P1 2

To2 = To1 so To2 383

= = 1.05
T2 363

To2 k-1 2
M2 = 0.52
= 1 + M 2 = 1.05
T2 2

k/k-1
Po2 k-1 Po1 = Po2
= 1 + M22 = 1.2
P2 2
P2 = 191 kPa