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    Chapter 7

    Uploaded by

    JatinKumar
    microprogrammed control unit

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 7

    Uploaded by

    JatinKumar
    174 views58 pages
    microprogrammed control unit

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    microprogrammed control unit

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    174 views58 pages

    Chapter 7

    Uploaded by

    JatinKumar
    microprogrammed control unit

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 58

    Chapter 7

    Microsequencer Control Unit


    Design

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Chapter Outline
    Basic Microsequencer Design
    Very Simple Microsequencer
    Relatively Simple Microsequencer
    Reducing the Number of
    Microinstructions
    Microcoded vs. Hardwired Control
    Pentium Microprocessor

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Micro-stuff

    Micro-operations
    Microinstructions
    Microprograms

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Generic Microsequencer

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Generating the Next Address

    Current Address + 1
    Address specified by microinstruction
    Microsubroutine register
    Mapping hardware

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Microinstruction Format

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Types of Microcode

    Horizontal
    Vertical
    Direct

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    A Very Simple Microsequencer

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Mapping Logic

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    State Addresses
    State Address
    FETCH1 0000 (0)
    FETCH2 0001 (1)
    FETCH3 0010 (2)
    ADD1 1000 (8)
    ADD2 1001 (9)
    AND1 1010 (10)
    AND2 1011 (11)
    JMP1 1100 (12)
    INC1 1110 (14)

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Partial Microcode
    State Address SEL ADDR
    FETCH1 0000 (0) 0 0001
    FETCH2 0001 (1) 0 0010
    FETCH3 0010 (2) 1 XXXX
    ADD1 1000 (8) 0 1001
    ADD2 1001 (9) 0 0000
    AND1 1010 (10) 0 1011
    AND2 1011 (11) 0 0000
    JMP1 1100 (12) 0 0000
    INC1 1110 (14) 0 0000

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Micro-operations
    Mnemonic Micro-Operation
    ARPC ARPC
    ARDR ARDR[5..0]
    PCIN PCPC + 1
    PCDR PCDR[5..0]
    DRM DRM
    IRDR IRDR[7..6]
    PLUS ACAC + DR
    AND ACAC^DR
    ACIN ACAC + 1

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Preliminary Horizontal
    Microcode

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Optimized Horizontal
    Microcode

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Control Signals

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Generic Vertical Microcode
    Decoding

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Field Assignments

    Simultaneous micro-operations in
    different fields

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Field Assignments

    Simultaneous micro-operations in
    different fields
    Include a NOP in each field

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Field Assignments

    Simultaneous micro-operations in
    different fields
    Include a NOP in each field
    Distribute remaining micro-operations to
    minimize total number of bits required

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Field Assignments

    Simultaneous micro-operations in
    different fields
    Include a NOP in each field
    Distribute remaining micro-operations to
    minimize total number of bits required
    Group together micro-operations that
    modify the same register

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Micro-operation Assignments

    M1 M2
    NOP NOP
    DRM PCIN

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Micro-operation Assignments

    M1 M2
    NOP NOP
    DRM PCIN
    ACIN PCDR
    PLUS ARPC
    AND AIDR

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Micro-operation Assignments

    M1 M2
    NOP NOP
    DRM PCIN
    ACIN PCDR
    PLUS ARPC
    AND
    AIDR
    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001
    Micro-operation Assignments
    and Field Values

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Vertical Microcode

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Micro-operation Generation

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Nanoinstructions

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Directly Generating Control
    Signals
    Output control signals instead of micro-
    operations
    No external decoding required
    No external hardware required to
    generate control signals
    More difficult to code

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Preliminary Direct Microcode

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Optimize Direct Microcode

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Relatively Simple
    Microsequencer
    No changes to
    Instruction set
    Data paths
    ALU

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Modified State Diagram

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Microsequencer Hardware

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    State Assignments

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Condition Values

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Branch Types

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Branch Logic

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Partial Microcode

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Partial Microcode (continued)

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Micro-operations

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Horizontal Microcode

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Horizontal Microcode

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Horizontal Microcode

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Control Signals

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Reducing the Number of
    Microinstructions
    Microsubroutines
    Microcode Jumps

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Microsubroutines

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Revised State Assignments

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Microsequencer with
    Microsubroutines

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Revised Branch Types

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Revised Branch Logic

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Revised Microcode

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Microcode Jumps

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Revised Microcode

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Microprogrammed Control vs.
    Hardwired Control
    Complexity of the instruction set

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Microprogrammed Control vs.
    Hardwired Control
    Complexity of the instruction set
    Ease of modification

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Microprogrammed Control vs.
    Hardwired Control
    Complexity of the instruction set
    Ease of modification
    Clock speed

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    The Pentium Microprocessor

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001


    Summary
    Basic Microsequencer Design
    Very Simple Microsequencer
    Relatively Simple Microsequencer
    Reducing the Number of
    Microinstructions
    Microcoded vs. Hardwired Control
    Pentium Microprocessor

    Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright 2001

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