Thermodynamics Table - Cengel PDF
Thermodynamics Table - Cengel PDF
Thermodynamics Table - Cengel PDF
Appendix 1
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (SI UNITS)
Table A–1 Molar mass, gas constant, and Figure A–14 P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a 789
critical-point properties 766 Table A–15 Properties of saturated water 790
Table A–2 Ideal-gas specific heats of various Table A–16 Properties of saturated
common gases 767 refrigerant-134a 791
Table A–3 Properties of common liquids, solids, Table A–17 Properties of saturated ammonia 792
and foods 770
Table A–18 Properties of saturated propane 793
Table A–4 Saturated water—Temperature
Table A–19 Properties of liquids 794
table 772
Table A–20 Properties of liquid metals 795
Table A–5 Saturated water—Pressure table 774
Table A–21 Ideal-gas properties of air 796
Table A–6 Superheated water 776
Table A–22 Properties of air at 1 atm
Table A–7 Compressed liquid water 780
pressure 798
Table A–8 Saturated ice–water vapor 781
Table A–23 Properties of gases at 1 atm
Figure A–9 T-s diagram for water 782 pressure 799
Figure A–10 Mollier diagram for water 783 Table A–24 Properties of solid metals 801
Table A–11 Saturated refrigerant-134a— Table A–25 Properties of solid non-metals 804
Temperature table 784
Table A–26 Emissivities of surfaces 805
Table A–12 Saturated refrigerant-134a—
Figure A–27 The Moody Chart 807
Pressure table 786
Figure A–28 Nelson-Obert generalized
Table A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a 787
compressibility chart 808
| 765
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TABLE A–1
Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties
Critical-point properties
Gas
Molar mass, constant, Temperature, Pressure, Volume,
Substance Formula M kg/kmol R kJ/kg · K* K MPa m3/kmol
Air — 28.97 0.2870 132.5 3.77 0.0883
Ammonia NH3 17.03 0.4882 405.5 11.28 0.0724
Argon Ar 39.948 0.2081 151 4.86 0.0749
Benzene C6H6 78.115 0.1064 562 4.92 0.2603
Bromine Br2 159.808 0.0520 584 10.34 0.1355
n-Butane C4H10 58.124 0.1430 425.2 3.80 0.2547
Carbon dioxide CO2 44.01 0.1889 304.2 7.39 0.0943
Carbon monoxide CO 28.011 0.2968 133 3.50 0.0930
Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 153.82 0.05405 556.4 4.56 0.2759
Chlorine Cl2 70.906 0.1173 417 7.71 0.1242
Chloroform CHCl3 119.38 0.06964 536.6 5.47 0.2403
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) CCl2F2 120.91 0.06876 384.7 4.01 0.2179
Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21) CHCl2F 102.92 0.08078 451.7 5.17 0.1973
Ethane C2H6 30.070 0.2765 305.5 4.48 0.1480
Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH 46.07 0.1805 516 6.38 0.1673
Ethylene C2H4 28.054 0.2964 282.4 5.12 0.1242
Helium He 4.003 2.0769 5.3 0.23 0.0578
n-Hexane C6H14 86.179 0.09647 507.9 3.03 0.3677
Hydrogen (normal) H2 2.016 4.1240 33.3 1.30 0.0649
Krypton Kr 83.80 0.09921 209.4 5.50 0.0924
Methane CH4 16.043 0.5182 191.1 4.64 0.0993
Methyl alcohol CH3OH 32.042 0.2595 513.2 7.95 0.1180
Methyl chloride CH3Cl 50.488 0.1647 416.3 6.68 0.1430
Neon Ne 20.183 0.4119 44.5 2.73 0.0417
Nitrogen N2 28.013 0.2968 126.2 3.39 0.0899
Nitrous oxide N2O 44.013 0.1889 309.7 7.27 0.0961
Oxygen O2 31.999 0.2598 154.8 5.08 0.0780
Propane C3H8 44.097 0.1885 370 4.26 0.1998
Propylene C3H6 42.081 0.1976 365 4.62 0.1810
Sulfur dioxide SO2 64.063 0.1298 430.7 7.88 0.1217
Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) CF3CH2F 102.03 0.08149 374.2 4.059 0.1993
Trichlorofluoromethane (R-11) CCl3F 137.37 0.06052 471.2 4.38 0.2478
Water H2O 18.015 0.4615 647.1 22.06 0.0560
Xenon Xe 131.30 0.06332 289.8 5.88 0.1186
*The unit kJ/kg · K is equivalent to kPa · m3/kg · K. The gas constant is calculated from R Ru /M, where Ru 8.31447 kJ/kmol · K and M is the molar
mass.
Source: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117–236; and ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 and 36.1.
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 769
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Appendix 1 | 767
TABLE A–2
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases
(a) At 300 K
Gas constant, R cp cv
Gas Formula kJ/kg · K kJ/kg · K kJ/kg · K k
Air — 0.2870 1.005 0.718 1.400
Argon Ar 0.2081 0.5203 0.3122 1.667
Butane C4H10 0.1433 1.7164 1.5734 1.091
Carbon dioxide CO2 0.1889 0.846 0.657 1.289
Carbon monoxide CO 0.2968 1.040 0.744 1.400
Ethane C2H6 0.2765 1.7662 1.4897 1.186
Ethylene C2H4 0.2964 1.5482 1.2518 1.237
Helium He 2.0769 5.1926 3.1156 1.667
Hydrogen H2 4.1240 14.307 10.183 1.405
Methane CH4 0.5182 2.2537 1.7354 1.299
Neon Ne 0.4119 1.0299 0.6179 1.667
Nitrogen N2 0.2968 1.039 0.743 1.400
Octane C8H18 0.0729 1.7113 1.6385 1.044
Oxygen O2 0.2598 0.918 0.658 1.395
Propane C3H8 0.1885 1.6794 1.4909 1.126
Steam H2O 0.4615 1.8723 1.4108 1.327
TABLE A–2
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued)
(b) At various temperatures
cp cv cp cv cp cv
kJ/kg · K kJ/kg · K k kJ/kg · K kJ/kg · K k kJ/kg · K kJ/kg · K k
Temperature,
K Air Carbon dioxide, CO2 Carbon monoxide, CO
250 1.003 0.716 1.401 0.791 0.602 1.314 1.039 0.743 1.400
300 1.005 0.718 1.400 0.846 0.657 1.288 1.040 0.744 1.399
350 1.008 0.721 1.398 0.895 0.706 1.268 1.043 0.746 1.398
400 1.013 0.726 1.395 0.939 0.750 1.252 1.047 0.751 1.395
450 1.020 0.733 1.391 0.978 0.790 1.239 1.054 0.757 1.392
500 1.029 0.742 1.387 1.014 0.825 1.229 1.063 0.767 1.387
550 1.040 0.753 1.381 1.046 0.857 1.220 1.075 0.778 1.382
600 1.051 0.764 1.376 1.075 0.886 1.213 1.087 0.790 1.376
650 1.063 0.776 1.370 1.102 0.913 1.207 1.100 0.803 1.370
700 1.075 0.788 1.364 1.126 0.937 1.202 1.113 0.816 1.364
750 1.087 0.800 1.359 1.148 0.959 1.197 1.126 0.829 1.358
800 1.099 0.812 1.354 1.169 0.980 1.193 1.139 0.842 1.353
900 1.121 0.834 1.344 1.204 1.015 1.186 1.163 0.866 1.343
1000 1.142 0.855 1.336 1.234 1.045 1.181 1.185 0.888 1.335
Hydrogen, H2 Nitrogen, N2 Oxygen, O2
250 14.051 9.927 1.416 1.039 0.742 1.400 0.913 0.653 1.398
300 14.307 10.183 1.405 1.039 0.743 1.400 0.918 0.658 1.395
350 14.427 10.302 1.400 1.041 0.744 1.399 0.928 0.668 1.389
400 14.476 10.352 1.398 1.044 0.747 1.397 0.941 0.681 1.382
450 14.501 10.377 1.398 1.049 0.752 1.395 0.956 0.696 1.373
500 14.513 10.389 1.397 1.056 0.759 1.391 0.972 0.712 1.365
550 14.530 10.405 1.396 1.065 0.768 1.387 0.988 0.728 1.358
600 14.546 10.422 1.396 1.075 0.778 1.382 1.003 0.743 1.350
650 14.571 10.447 1.395 1.086 0.789 1.376 1.017 0.758 1.343
700 14.604 10.480 1.394 1.098 0.801 1.371 1.031 0.771 1.337
750 14.645 10.521 1.392 1.110 0.813 1.365 1.043 0.783 1.332
800 14.695 10.570 1.390 1.121 0.825 1.360 1.054 0.794 1.327
900 14.822 10.698 1.385 1.145 0.849 1.349 1.074 0.814 1.319
1000 14.983 10.859 1.380 1.167 0.870 1.341 1.090 0.830 1.313
Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), p. 783, Table A–4M. Originally published in Tables of Thermal
Properties of Gases, NBS Circular 564, 1955.
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 771
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Appendix 1 | 769
TABLE A–2
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded)
(c) As a function of temperature
_
cp a bT cT 2 dT 3
(T in K, cp in kJ/kmol · K)
% error
Temperature
Substance Formula a b c d range, K Max. Avg.
Nitrogen N2 28.90 0.1571
102 0.8081
105 2.873
109 273–1800 0.59 0.34
Oxygen O2 25.48 1.520
102 0.7155
105 1.312
109 273–1800 1.19 0.28
Air — 28.11 0.1967
102 0.4802
105 1.966
109 273–1800 0.72 0.33
Hydrogen H2 29.11 0.1916
102 0.4003
105 0.8704
109 273–1800 1.01 0.26
Carbon
monoxide CO 28.16 0.1675
102 0.5372
105 2.222
109 273–1800 0.89 0.37
Carbon
dioxide CO2 22.26 5.981
102 3.501
105 7.469
109 273–1800 0.67 0.22
Water vapor H2O 32.24 0.1923
102 1.055
105 3.595
109 273–1800 0.53 0.24
Nitric oxide NO 29.34 0.09395
102 0.9747
105 4.187
109 273–1500 0.97 0.36
Nitrous oxide N2O 24.11 5.8632
102 3.562
105 10.58
109 273–1500 0.59 0.26
Nitrogen
dioxide NO2 22.9 5.715
102 3.52
105 7.87
109 273–1500 0.46 0.18
Ammonia NH3 27.568 2.5630
102 0.99072
105 6.6909
109 273–1500 0.91 0.36
Sulfur S2 27.21 2.218
102 1.628
105 3.986
109 273–1800 0.99 0.38
Sulfur
dioxide SO2 25.78 5.795
102 3.812
105 8.612
109 273–1800 0.45 0.24
Sulfur
trioxide SO3 16.40 14.58
102 11.20
105 32.42
109 273–1300 0.29 0.13
Acetylene C2H2 21.8 9.2143
102 6.527
105 18.21
109 273–1500 1.46 0.59
Benzene C6H6 36.22 48.475
102 31.57
105 77.62
109 273–1500 0.34 0.20
Methanol CH4O 19.0 9.152
102 1.22
105 8.039
109 273–1000 0.18 0.08
Ethanol C2H6O 19.9 20.96
102 10.38
105 20.05
109 273–1500 0.40 0.22
Hydrogen
chloride HCl 30.33 0.7620
102 1.327
105 4.338
109 273–1500 0.22 0.08
Methane CH4 19.89 5.024
102 1.269
105 11.01
109 273–1500 1.33 0.57
Ethane C2H6 6.900 17.27
102 6.406
105 7.285
109 273–1500 0.83 0.28
Propane C3H8 4.04 30.48
102 15.72
105 31.74
109 273–1500 0.40 0.12
n-Butane C4H10 3.96 37.15
102 18.34
105 35.00
109 273–1500 0.54 0.24
i-Butane C4H10 7.913 41.60
102 23.01
105 49.91
109 273–1500 0.25 0.13
n-Pentane C5H12 6.774 45.43
102 22.46
105 42.29
109 273–1500 0.56 0.21
n-Hexane C6H14 6.938 55.22
102 28.65
105 57.69
109 273–1500 0.72 0.20
Ethylene C2H4 3.95 15.64
102 8.344
105 17.67
109 273–1500 0.54 0.13
Propylene C3H6 3.15 23.83
102 12.18
105 24.62
109 273–1500 0.73 0.17
Source: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3/E by Kyle, B. G., © 2000. Adapted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
772 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
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TABLE A–3
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods
(a) Liquids
Boiling data at 1 atm Freezing data Liquid properties
Normal Latent heat of Latent heat Specific
boiling vaporization Freezing of fusion Temperature, Density heat
Substance point, °C hfg , kJ/kg point, °C hif , kJ/kg °C r, kg/m3 cp, kJ/kg · K
Ammonia 33.3 1357 77.7 322.4 33.3 682 4.43
20 665 4.52
0 639 4.60
25 602 4.80
Argon 185.9 161.6 189.3 28 185.6 1394 1.14
Benzene 80.2 394 5.5 126 20 879 1.72
Brine (20% sodium
chloride by mass) 103.9 — 17.4 — 20 1150 3.11
n-Butane 0.5 385.2 138.5 80.3 0.5 601 2.31
Carbon dioxide 78.4* 230.5 (at 0°C) 56.6 0 298 0.59
Ethanol 78.2 838.3 114.2 109 25 783 2.46
Ethyl alcohol 78.6 855 156 108 20 789 2.84
Ethylene glycol 198.1 800.1 10.8 181.1 20 1109 2.84
Glycerine 179.9 974 18.9 200.6 20 1261 2.32
Helium 268.9 22.8 — — 268.9 146.2 22.8
Hydrogen 252.8 445.7 259.2 59.5 252.8 70.7 10.0
Isobutane 11.7 367.1 160 105.7 11.7 593.8 2.28
Kerosene 204–293 251 24.9 — 20 820 2.00
Mercury 356.7 294.7 38.9 11.4 25 13,560 0.139
Methane 161.5 510.4 182.2 58.4 161.5 423 3.49
100 301 5.79
Methanol 64.5 1100 97.7 99.2 25 787 2.55
Nitrogen 195.8 198.6 210 25.3 195.8 809 2.06
160 596 2.97
Octane 124.8 306.3 57.5 180.7 20 703 2.10
Oil (light) 25 910 1.80
Oxygen 183 212.7 218.8 13.7 183 1141 1.71
Petroleum — 230–384 20 640 2.0
Propane 42.1 427.8 187.7 80.0 42.1 581 2.25
0 529 2.53
50 449 3.13
Refrigerant-134a 26.1 217.0 96.6 — 50 1443 1.23
26.1 1374 1.27
0 1295 1.34
25 1207 1.43
Water 100 2257 0.0 333.7 0 1000 4.22
25 997 4.18
50 988 4.18
75 975 4.19
100 958 4.22
* Sublimation temperature. (At pressures below the triple-point pressure of 518 kPa, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing-point temperature
of carbon dioxide is the triple-point temperature of 56.5°C.)
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Appendix 1 | 771
TABLE A–3
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Concluded)
(b) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise)
Density, Specific heat, Density, Specific heat,
Substance r kg/m3 cp kJ/kg · K Substance r kg/m3 cp kJ/kg · K
Metals Nonmetals
(c) Foods
Specific heat, Specific heat,
kJ/kg · KLatent kJ/kg · K Latent
Water heat of Water heat of
content, Freezing Above Below fusion, content, Freezing Above Below fusion,
Food % (mass) point, °C freezing freezing kJ/kg Food % (mass) point, °C freezing freezing kJ/kg
Apples 84 1.1 3.65 1.90 281 Lettuce 95 0.2 4.02 2.04 317
Bananas 75 0.8 3.35 1.78 251 Milk, whole 88 0.6 3.79 1.95 294
Beef round 67 — 3.08 1.68 224 Oranges 87 0.8 3.75 1.94 291
Broccoli 90 0.6 3.86 1.97 301 Potatoes 78 0.6 3.45 1.82 261
Butter 16 — — 1.04 53 Salmon fish 64 2.2 2.98 1.65 214
Cheese, swiss 39 10.0 2.15 1.33 130 Shrimp 83 2.2 3.62 1.89 277
Cherries 80 1.8 3.52 1.85 267 Spinach 93 0.3 3.96 2.01 311
Chicken 74 2.8 3.32 1.77 247 Strawberries 90 0.8 3.86 1.97 301
Corn, sweet 74 0.6 3.32 1.77 247 Tomatoes, ripe 94 0.5 3.99 2.02 314
Eggs, whole 74 0.6 3.32 1.77 247 Turkey 64 — 2.98 1.65 214
Ice cream 63 5.6 2.95 1.63 210 Watermelon 93 0.4 3.96 2.01 311
Source: Values are obtained from various handbooks and other sources or are calculated. Water content and freezing-point data of foods are from ASHRAE,
Handbook of Fundamentals, SI version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), Chapter 30,
Table 1. Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables, and the average freezing temperature for other foods.
774 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
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TABLE A–4
Saturated water—Temperature table
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp., press., liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
T °C Psat kPa vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg
0.01 0.6117 0.001000 206.00 0.000 2374.9 2374.9 0.001 2500.9 2500.9 0.0000 9.1556 9.1556
5 0.8725 0.001000 147.03 21.019 2360.8 2381.8 21.020 2489.1 2510.1 0.0763 8.9487 9.0249
10 1.2281 0.001000 106.32 42.020 2346.6 2388.7 42.022 2477.2 2519.2 0.1511 8.7488 8.8999
15 1.7057 0.001001 77.885 62.980 2332.5 2395.5 62.982 2465.4 2528.3 0.2245 8.5559 8.7803
20 2.3392 0.001002 57.762 83.913 2318.4 2402.3 83.915 2453.5 2537.4 0.2965 8.3696 8.6661
25 3.1698 0.001003 43.340 104.83 2304.3 2409.1 104.83 2441.7 2546.5 0.3672 8.1895 8.5567
30 4.2469 0.001004 32.879 125.73 2290.2 2415.9 125.74 2429.8 2555.6 0.4368 8.0152 8.4520
35 5.6291 0.001006 25.205 146.63 2276.0 2422.7 146.64 2417.9 2564.6 0.5051 7.8466 8.3517
40 7.3851 0.001008 19.515 167.53 2261.9 2429.4 167.53 2406.0 2573.5 0.5724 7.6832 8.2556
45 9.5953 0.001010 15.251 188.43 2247.7 2436.1 188.44 2394.0 2582.4 0.6386 7.5247 8.1633
50 12.352 0.001012 12.026 209.33 2233.4 2442.7 209.34 2382.0 2591.3 0.7038 7.3710 8.0748
55 15.763 0.001015 9.5639 230.24 2219.1 2449.3 230.26 2369.8 2600.1 0.7680 7.2218 7.9898
60 19.947 0.001017 7.6670 251.16 2204.7 2455.9 251.18 2357.7 2608.8 0.8313 7.0769 7.9082
65 25.043 0.001020 6.1935 272.09 2190.3 2462.4 272.12 2345.4 2617.5 0.8937 6.9360 7.8296
70 31.202 0.001023 5.0396 293.04 2175.8 2468.9 293.07 2333.0 2626.1 0.9551 6.7989 7.7540
75 38.597 0.001026 4.1291 313.99 2161.3 2475.3 314.03 2320.6 2634.6 1.0158 6.6655 7.6812
80 47.416 0.001029 3.4053 334.97 2146.6 2481.6 335.02 2308.0 2643.0 1.0756 6.5355 7.6111
85 57.868 0.001032 2.8261 355.96 2131.9 2487.8 356.02 2295.3 2651.4 1.1346 6.4089 7.5435
90 70.183 0.001036 2.3593 376.97 2117.0 2494.0 377.04 2282.5 2659.6 1.1929 6.2853 7.4782
95 84.609 0.001040 1.9808 398.00 2102.0 2500.1 398.09 2269.6 2667.6 1.2504 6.1647 7.4151
100 101.42 0.001043 1.6720 419.06 2087.0 2506.0 419.17 2256.4 2675.6 1.3072 6.0470 7.3542
105 120.90 0.001047 1.4186 440.15 2071.8 2511.9 440.28 2243.1 2683.4 1.3634 5.9319 7.2952
110 143.38 0.001052 1.2094 461.27 2056.4 2517.7 461.42 2229.7 2691.1 1.4188 5.8193 7.2382
115 169.18 0.001056 1.0360 482.42 2040.9 2523.3 482.59 2216.0 2698.6 1.4737 5.7092 7.1829
120 198.67 0.001060 0.89133 503.60 2025.3 2528.9 503.81 2202.1 2706.0 1.5279 5.6013 7.1292
125 232.23 0.001065 0.77012 524.83 2009.5 2534.3 525.07 2188.1 2713.1 1.5816 5.4956 7.0771
130 270.28 0.001070 0.66808 546.10 1993.4 2539.5 546.38 2173.7 2720.1 1.6346 5.3919 7.0265
135 313.22 0.001075 0.58179 567.41 1977.3 2544.7 567.75 2159.1 2726.9 1.6872 5.2901 6.9773
140 361.53 0.001080 0.50850 588.77 1960.9 2549.6 589.16 2144.3 2733.5 1.7392 5.1901 6.9294
145 415.68 0.001085 0.44600 610.19 1944.2 2554.4 610.64 2129.2 2739.8 1.7908 5.0919 6.8827
150 476.16 0.001091 0.39248 631.66 1927.4 2559.1 632.18 2113.8 2745.9 1.8418 4.9953 6.8371
155 543.49 0.001096 0.34648 653.19 1910.3 2563.5 653.79 2098.0 2751.8 1.8924 4.9002 6.7927
160 618.23 0.001102 0.30680 674.79 1893.0 2567.8 675.47 2082.0 2757.5 1.9426 4.8066 6.7492
165 700.93 0.001108 0.27244 696.46 1875.4 2571.9 697.24 2065.6 2762.8 1.9923 4.7143 6.7067
170 792.18 0.001114 0.24260 718.20 1857.5 2575.7 719.08 2048.8 2767.9 2.0417 4.6233 6.6650
175 892.60 0.001121 0.21659 740.02 1839.4 2579.4 741.02 2031.7 2772.7 2.0906 4.5335 6.6242
180 1002.8 0.001127 0.19384 761.92 1820.9 2582.8 763.05 2014.2 2777.2 2.1392 4.4448 6.5841
185 1123.5 0.001134 0.17390 783.91 1802.1 2586.0 785.19 1996.2 2781.4 2.1875 4.3572 6.5447
190 1255.2 0.001141 0.15636 806.00 1783.0 2589.0 807.43 1977.9 2785.3 2.2355 4.2705 6.5059
195 1398.8 0.001149 0.14089 828.18 1763.6 2591.7 829.78 1959.0 2788.8 2.2831 4.1847 6.4678
200 1554.9 0.001157 0.12721 850.46 1743.7 2594.2 852.26 1939.8 2792.0 2.3305 4.0997 6.4302
(Continued)
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TABLE A–4
Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded)
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp., press., liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
T °C Psat kPa vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg
205 1724.3 0.001164 0.11508 872.86 1723.5 2596.4 874.87 1920.0 2794.8 2.3776 4.0154 6.3930
210 1907.7 0.001173 0.10429 895.38 1702.9 2598.3 897.61 1899.7 2797.3 2.4245 3.9318 6.3563
215 2105.9 0.001181 0.094680 918.02 1681.9 2599.9 920.50 1878.8 2799.3 2.4712 3.8489 6.3200
220 2319.6 0.001190 0.086094 940.79 1660.5 2601.3 943.55 1857.4 2801.0 2.5176 3.7664 6.2840
225 2549.7 0.001199 0.078405 963.70 1638.6 2602.3 966.76 1835.4 2802.2 2.5639 3.6844 6.2483
230 2797.1 0.001209 0.071505 986.76 1616.1 2602.9 990.14 1812.8 2802.9 2.6100 3.6028 6.2128
235 3062.6 0.001219 0.065300 1010.0 1593.2 2603.2 1013.7 1789.5 2803.2 2.6560 3.5216 6.1775
240 3347.0 0.001229 0.059707 1033.4 1569.8 2603.1 1037.5 1765.5 2803.0 2.7018 3.4405 6.1424
245 3651.2 0.001240 0.054656 1056.9 1545.7 2602.7 1061.5 1740.8 2802.2 2.7476 3.3596 6.1072
250 3976.2 0.001252 0.050085 1080.7 1521.1 2601.8 1085.7 1715.3 2801.0 2.7933 3.2788 6.0721
255 4322.9 0.001263 0.045941 1104.7 1495.8 2600.5 1110.1 1689.0 2799.1 2.8390 3.1979 6.0369
260 4692.3 0.001276 0.042175 1128.8 1469.9 2598.7 1134.8 1661.8 2796.6 2.8847 3.1169 6.0017
265 5085.3 0.001289 0.038748 1153.3 1443.2 2596.5 1159.8 1633.7 2793.5 2.9304 3.0358 5.9662
270 5503.0 0.001303 0.035622 1177.9 1415.7 2593.7 1185.1 1604.6 2789.7 2.9762 2.9542 5.9305
275 5946.4 0.001317 0.032767 1202.9 1387.4 2590.3 1210.7 1574.5 2785.2 3.0221 2.8723 5.8944
280 6416.6 0.001333 0.030153 1228.2 1358.2 2586.4 1236.7 1543.2 2779.9 3.0681 2.7898 5.8579
285 6914.6 0.001349 0.027756 1253.7 1328.1 2581.8 1263.1 1510.7 2773.7 3.1144 2.7066 5.8210
290 7441.8 0.001366 0.025554 1279.7 1296.9 2576.5 1289.8 1476.9 2766.7 3.1608 2.6225 5.7834
295 7999.0 0.001384 0.023528 1306.0 1264.5 2570.5 1317.1 1441.6 2758.7 3.2076 2.5374 5.7450
300 8587.9 0.001404 0.021659 1332.7 1230.9 2563.6 1344.8 1404.8 2749.6 3.2548 2.4511 5.7059
305 9209.4 0.001425 0.019932 1360.0 1195.9 2555.8 1373.1 1366.3 2739.4 3.3024 2.3633 5.6657
310 9865.0 0.001447 0.018333 1387.7 1159.3 2547.1 1402.0 1325.9 2727.9 3.3506 2.2737 5.6243
315 10,556 0.001472 0.016849 1416.1 1121.1 2537.2 1431.6 1283.4 2715.0 3.3994 2.1821 5.5816
320 11,284 0.001499 0.015470 1445.1 1080.9 2526.0 1462.0 1238.5 2700.6 3.4491 2.0881 5.5372
325 12,051 0.001528 0.014183 1475.0 1038.5 2513.4 1493.4 1191.0 2684.3 3.4998 1.9911 5.4908
330 12,858 0.001560 0.012979 1505.7 993.5 2499.2 1525.8 1140.3 2666.0 3.5516 1.8906 5.4422
335 13,707 0.001597 0.011848 1537.5 945.5 2483.0 1559.4 1086.0 2645.4 3.6050 1.7857 5.3907
340 14,601 0.001638 0.010783 1570.7 893.8 2464.5 1594.6 1027.4 2622.0 3.6602 1.6756 5.3358
345 15,541 0.001685 0.009772 1605.5 837.7 2443.2 1631.7 963.4 2595.1 3.7179 1.5585 5.2765
350 16,529 0.001741 0.008806 1642.4 775.9 2418.3 1671.2 892.7 2563.9 3.7788 1.4326 5.2114
355 17,570 0.001808 0.007872 1682.2 706.4 2388.6 1714.0 812.9 2526.9 3.8442 1.2942 5.1384
360 18,666 0.001895 0.006950 1726.2 625.7 2351.9 1761.5 720.1 2481.6 3.9165 1.1373 5.0537
365 19,822 0.002015 0.006009 1777.2 526.4 2303.6 1817.2 605.5 2422.7 4.0004 0.9489 4.9493
370 21,044 0.002217 0.004953 1844.5 385.6 2230.1 1891.2 443.1 2334.3 4.1119 0.6890 4.8009
373.95 22,064 0.003106 0.003106 2015.7 0 2015.7 2084.3 0 2084.3 4.4070 0 4.4070
Source: Tables A–4 through A–8 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The
routine used in calculations is the highly accurate Steam_IAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary
Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). This formulation
replaces the 1984 formulation of Haar, Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), which is also available in EES
as the routine STEAM. The new formulation is based on the correlations of Saul and Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) with modifica-
tions to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22,
783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O
from 173.15 K to 473.15 K,” ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.
776 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–5
Saturated water—Pressure table
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Press., temp., liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
P kPa Tsat °C vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg
1.0 6.97 0.001000 129.19 29.302 2355.2 2384.5 29.303 2484.4 2513.7 0.1059 8.8690 8.9749
1.5 13.02 0.001001 87.964 54.686 2338.1 2392.8 54.688 2470.1 2524.7 0.1956 8.6314 8.8270
2.0 17.50 0.001001 66.990 73.431 2325.5 2398.9 73.433 2459.5 2532.9 0.2606 8.4621 8.7227
2.5 21.08 0.001002 54.242 88.422 2315.4 2403.8 88.424 2451.0 2539.4 0.3118 8.3302 8.6421
3.0 24.08 0.001003 45.654 100.98 2306.9 2407.9 100.98 2443.9 2544.8 0.3543 8.2222 8.5765
4.0 28.96 0.001004 34.791 121.39 2293.1 2414.5 121.39 2432.3 2553.7 0.4224 8.0510 8.4734
5.0 32.87 0.001005 28.185 137.75 2282.1 2419.8 137.75 2423.0 2560.7 0.4762 7.9176 8.3938
7.5 40.29 0.001008 19.233 168.74 2261.1 2429.8 168.75 2405.3 2574.0 0.5763 7.6738 8.2501
10 45.81 0.001010 14.670 191.79 2245.4 2437.2 191.81 2392.1 2583.9 0.6492 7.4996 8.1488
15 53.97 0.001014 10.020 225.93 2222.1 2448.0 225.94 2372.3 2598.3 0.7549 7.2522 8.0071
20 60.06 0.001017 7.6481 251.40 2204.6 2456.0 251.42 2357.5 2608.9 0.8320 7.0752 7.9073
25 64.96 0.001020 6.2034 271.93 2190.4 2462.4 271.96 2345.5 2617.5 0.8932 6.9370 7.8302
30 69.09 0.001022 5.2287 289.24 2178.5 2467.7 289.27 2335.3 2624.6 0.9441 6.8234 7.7675
40 75.86 0.001026 3.9933 317.58 2158.8 2476.3 317.62 2318.4 2636.1 1.0261 6.6430 7.6691
50 81.32 0.001030 3.2403 340.49 2142.7 2483.2 340.54 2304.7 2645.2 1.0912 6.5019 7.5931
75 91.76 0.001037 2.2172 384.36 2111.8 2496.1 384.44 2278.0 2662.4 1.2132 6.2426 7.4558
100 99.61 0.001043 1.6941 417.40 2088.2 2505.6 417.51 2257.5 2675.0 1.3028 6.0562 7.3589
101.325 99.97 0.001043 1.6734 418.95 2087.0 2506.0 419.06 2256.5 2675.6 1.3069 6.0476 7.3545
125 105.97 0.001048 1.3750 444.23 2068.8 2513.0 444.36 2240.6 2684.9 1.3741 5.9100 7.2841
150 111.35 0.001053 1.1594 466.97 2052.3 2519.2 467.13 2226.0 2693.1 1.4337 5.7894 7.2231
175 116.04 0.001057 1.0037 486.82 2037.7 2524.5 487.01 2213.1 2700.2 1.4850 5.6865 7.1716
200 120.21 0.001061 0.88578 504.50 2024.6 2529.1 504.71 2201.6 2706.3 1.5302 5.5968 7.1270
225 123.97 0.001064 0.79329 520.47 2012.7 2533.2 520.71 2191.0 2711.7 1.5706 5.5171 7.0877
250 127.41 0.001067 0.71873 535.08 2001.8 2536.8 535.35 2181.2 2716.5 1.6072 5.4453 7.0525
275 130.58 0.001070 0.65732 548.57 1991.6 2540.1 548.86 2172.0 2720.9 1.6408 5.3800 7.0207
300 133.52 0.001073 0.60582 561.11 1982.1 2543.2 561.43 2163.5 2724.9 1.6717 5.3200 6.9917
325 136.27 0.001076 0.56199 572.84 1973.1 2545.9 573.19 2155.4 2728.6 1.7005 5.2645 6.9650
350 138.86 0.001079 0.52422 583.89 1964.6 2548.5 584.26 2147.7 2732.0 1.7274 5.2128 6.9402
375 141.30 0.001081 0.49133 594.32 1956.6 2550.9 594.73 2140.4 2735.1 1.7526 5.1645 6.9171
400 143.61 0.001084 0.46242 604.22 1948.9 2553.1 604.66 2133.4 2738.1 1.7765 5.1191 6.8955
450 147.90 0.001088 0.41392 622.65 1934.5 2557.1 623.14 2120.3 2743.4 1.8205 5.0356 6.8561
500 151.83 0.001093 0.37483 639.54 1921.2 2560.7 640.09 2108.0 2748.1 1.8604 4.9603 6.8207
550 155.46 0.001097 0.34261 655.16 1908.8 2563.9 655.77 2096.6 2752.4 1.8970 4.8916 6.7886
600 158.83 0.001101 0.31560 669.72 1897.1 2566.8 670.38 2085.8 2756.2 1.9308 4.8285 6.7593
650 161.98 0.001104 0.29260 683.37 1886.1 2569.4 684.08 2075.5 2759.6 1.9623 4.7699 6.7322
700 164.95 0.001108 0.27278 696.23 1875.6 2571.8 697.00 2065.8 2762.8 1.9918 4.7153 6.7071
750 167.75 0.001111 0.25552 708.40 1865.6 2574.0 709.24 2056.4 2765.7 2.0195 4.6642 6.6837
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 777
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 1 | 775
TABLE A–5
Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded)
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Press., temp., liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
P kPa Tsat °C vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg
800 170.41 0.001115 0.24035 719.97 1856.1 2576.0 720.87 2047.5 2768.3 2.0457 4.6160 6.6616
850 172.94 0.001118 0.22690 731.00 1846.9 2577.9 731.95 2038.8 2770.8 2.0705 4.5705 6.6409
900 175.35 0.001121 0.21489 741.55 1838.1 2579.6 742.56 2030.5 2773.0 2.0941 4.5273 6.6213
950 177.66 0.001124 0.20411 751.67 1829.6 2581.3 752.74 2022.4 2775.2 2.1166 4.4862 6.6027
1000 179.88 0.001127 0.19436 761.39 1821.4 2582.8 762.51 2014.6 2777.1 2.1381 4.4470 6.5850
1100 184.06 0.001133 0.17745 779.78 1805.7 2585.5 781.03 1999.6 2780.7 2.1785 4.3735 6.5520
1200 187.96 0.001138 0.16326 796.96 1790.9 2587.8 798.33 1985.4 2783.8 2.2159 4.3058 6.5217
1300 191.60 0.001144 0.15119 813.10 1776.8 2589.9 814.59 1971.9 2786.5 2.2508 4.2428 6.4936
1400 195.04 0.001149 0.14078 828.35 1763.4 2591.8 829.96 1958.9 2788.9 2.2835 4.1840 6.4675
1500 198.29 0.001154 0.13171 842.82 1750.6 2593.4 844.55 1946.4 2791.0 2.3143 4.1287 6.4430
1750 205.72 0.001166 0.11344 876.12 1720.6 2596.7 878.16 1917.1 2795.2 2.3844 4.0033 6.3877
2000 212.38 0.001177 0.099587 906.12 1693.0 2599.1 908.47 1889.8 2798.3 2.4467 3.8923 6.3390
2250 218.41 0.001187 0.088717 933.54 1667.3 2600.9 936.21 1864.3 2800.5 2.5029 3.7926 6.2954
2500 223.95 0.001197 0.079952 958.87 1643.2 2602.1 961.87 1840.1 2801.9 2.5542 3.7016 6.2558
3000 233.85 0.001217 0.066667 1004.6 1598.5 2603.2 1008.3 1794.9 2803.2 2.6454 3.5402 6.1856
3500 242.56 0.001235 0.057061 1045.4 1557.6 2603.0 1049.7 1753.0 2802.7 2.7253 3.3991 6.1244
4000 250.35 0.001252 0.049779 1082.4 1519.3 2601.7 1087.4 1713.5 2800.8 2.7966 3.2731 6.0696
5000 263.94 0.001286 0.039448 1148.1 1448.9 2597.0 1154.5 1639.7 2794.2 2.9207 3.0530 5.9737
6000 275.59 0.001319 0.032449 1205.8 1384.1 2589.9 1213.8 1570.9 2784.6 3.0275 2.8627 5.8902
7000 285.83 0.001352 0.027378 1258.0 1323.0 2581.0 1267.5 1505.2 2772.6 3.1220 2.6927 5.8148
8000 295.01 0.001384 0.023525 1306.0 1264.5 2570.5 1317.1 1441.6 2758.7 3.2077 2.5373 5.7450
9000 303.35 0.001418 0.020489 1350.9 1207.6 2558.5 1363.7 1379.3 2742.9 3.2866 2.3925 5.6791
10,000 311.00 0.001452 0.018028 1393.3 1151.8 2545.2 1407.8 1317.6 2725.5 3.3603 2.2556 5.6159
11,000 318.08 0.001488 0.015988 1433.9 1096.6 2530.4 1450.2 1256.1 2706.3 3.4299 2.1245 5.5544
12,000 324.68 0.001526 0.014264 1473.0 1041.3 2514.3 1491.3 1194.1 2685.4 3.4964 1.9975 5.4939
13,000 330.85 0.001566 0.012781 1511.0 985.5 2496.6 1531.4 1131.3 2662.7 3.5606 1.8730 5.4336
14,000 336.67 0.001610 0.011487 1548.4 928.7 2477.1 1571.0 1067.0 2637.9 3.6232 1.7497 5.3728
15,000 342.16 0.001657 0.010341 1585.5 870.3 2455.7 1610.3 1000.5 2610.8 3.6848 1.6261 5.3108
16,000 347.36 0.001710 0.009312 1622.6 809.4 2432.0 1649.9 931.1 2581.0 3.7461 1.5005 5.2466
17,000 352.29 0.001770 0.008374 1660.2 745.1 2405.4 1690.3 857.4 2547.7 3.8082 1.3709 5.1791
18,000 356.99 0.001840 0.007504 1699.1 675.9 2375.0 1732.2 777.8 2510.0 3.8720 1.2343 5.1064
19,000 361.47 0.001926 0.006677 1740.3 598.9 2339.2 1776.8 689.2 2466.0 3.9396 1.0860 5.0256
20,000 365.75 0.002038 0.005862 1785.8 509.0 2294.8 1826.6 585.5 2412.1 4.0146 0.9164 4.9310
21,000 369.83 0.002207 0.004994 1841.6 391.9 2233.5 1888.0 450.4 2338.4 4.1071 0.7005 4.8076
22,000 373.71 0.002703 0.003644 1951.7 140.8 2092.4 2011.1 161.5 2172.6 4.2942 0.2496 4.5439
22,064 373.95 0.003106 0.003106 2015.7 0 2015.7 2084.3 0 2084.3 4.4070 0 4.4070
778 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–6
Superheated water
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
°C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K
P 0.01 MPa (45.81°C)* P 0.05 MPa (81.32°C) P 0.10 MPa (99.61°C)
Sat.† 14.670 2437.2 2583.9 8.1488 3.2403 2483.2 2645.2 7.5931 1.6941 2505.6 2675.0 7.3589
50 14.867 2443.3 2592.0 8.1741
100 17.196 2515.5 2687.5 8.4489 3.4187 2511.5 2682.4 7.6953 1.6959 2506.2 2675.8 7.3611
150 19.513 2587.9 2783.0 8.6893 3.8897 2585.7 2780.2 7.9413 1.9367 2582.9 2776.6 7.6148
200 21.826 2661.4 2879.6 8.9049 4.3562 2660.0 2877.8 8.1592 2.1724 2658.2 2875.5 7.8356
250 24.136 2736.1 2977.5 9.1015 4.8206 2735.1 2976.2 8.3568 2.4062 2733.9 2974.5 8.0346
300 26.446 2812.3 3076.7 9.2827 5.2841 2811.6 3075.8 8.5387 2.6389 2810.7 3074.5 8.2172
400 31.063 2969.3 3280.0 9.6094 6.2094 2968.9 3279.3 8.8659 3.1027 2968.3 3278.6 8.5452
500 35.680 3132.9 3489.7 9.8998 7.1338 3132.6 3489.3 9.1566 3.5655 3132.2 3488.7 8.8362
600 40.296 3303.3 3706.3 10.1631 8.0577 3303.1 3706.0 9.4201 4.0279 3302.8 3705.6 9.0999
700 44.911 3480.8 3929.9 10.4056 8.9813 3480.6 3929.7 9.6626 4.4900 3480.4 3929.4 9.3424
800 49.527 3665.4 4160.6 10.6312 9.9047 3665.2 4160.4 9.8883 4.9519 3665.0 4160.2 9.5682
900 54.143 3856.9 4398.3 10.8429 10.8280 3856.8 4398.2 10.1000 5.4137 3856.7 4398.0 9.7800
1000 58.758 4055.3 4642.8 11.0429 11.7513 4055.2 4642.7 10.3000 5.8755 4055.0 4642.6 9.9800
1100 63.373 4260.0 4893.8 11.2326 12.6745 4259.9 4893.7 10.4897 6.3372 4259.8 4893.6 10.1698
1200 67.989 4470.9 5150.8 11.4132 13.5977 4470.8 5150.7 10.6704 6.7988 4470.7 5150.6 10.3504
1300 72.604 4687.4 5413.4 11.5857 14.5209 4687.3 5413.3 10.8429 7.2605 4687.2 5413.3 10.5229
Appendix 1 | 777
TABLE A–6
Superheated water (Continued)
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
°C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K
P 1.00 MPa (179.88C) P 1.20 MPa (187.96C) P 1.40 MPa (195.04C)
Sat. 0.19437 2582.8 2777.1 6.5850 0.16326 2587.8 2783.8 6.5217 0.14078 2591.8 2788.9 6.4675
200 0.20602 2622.3 2828.3 6.6956 0.16934 2612.9 2816.1 6.5909 0.14303 2602.7 2803.0 6.4975
250 0.23275 2710.4 2943.1 6.9265 0.19241 2704.7 2935.6 6.8313 0.16356 2698.9 2927.9 6.7488
300 0.25799 2793.7 3051.6 7.1246 0.21386 2789.7 3046.3 7.0335 0.18233 2785.7 3040.9 6.9553
350 0.28250 2875.7 3158.2 7.3029 0.23455 2872.7 3154.2 7.2139 0.20029 2869.7 3150.1 7.1379
400 0.30661 2957.9 3264.5 7.4670 0.25482 2955.5 3261.3 7.3793 0.21782 2953.1 3258.1 7.3046
500 0.35411 3125.0 3479.1 7.7642 0.29464 3123.4 3477.0 7.6779 0.25216 3121.8 3474.8 7.6047
600 0.40111 3297.5 3698.6 8.0311 0.33395 3296.3 3697.0 7.9456 0.28597 3295.1 3695.5 7.8730
700 0.44783 3476.3 3924.1 8.2755 0.37297 3475.3 3922.9 8.1904 0.31951 3474.4 3921.7 8.1183
800 0.49438 3661.7 4156.1 8.5024 0.41184 3661.0 4155.2 8.4176 0.35288 3660.3 4154.3 8.3458
900 0.54083 3853.9 4394.8 8.7150 0.45059 3853.3 4394.0 8.6303 0.38614 3852.7 4393.3 8.5587
1000 0.58721 4052.7 4640.0 8.9155 0.48928 4052.2 4639.4 8.8310 0.41933 4051.7 4638.8 8.7595
1100 0.63354 4257.9 4891.4 9.1057 0.52792 4257.5 4891.0 9.0212 0.45247 4257.0 4890.5 8.9497
1200 0.67983 4469.0 5148.9 9.2866 0.56652 4468.7 5148.5 9.2022 0.48558 4468.3 5148.1 9.1308
1300 0.72610 4685.8 5411.9 9.4593 0.60509 4685.5 5411.6 9.3750 0.51866 4685.1 5411.3 9.3036
TABLE A–6
Superheated water (Continued)
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
°C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K
P 4.0 MPa (250.35C) P 4.5 MPa (257.44C) P 5.0 MPa (263.94C)
Sat. 0.04978 2601.7 2800.8 6.0696 0.04406 2599.7 2798.0 6.0198 0.03945 2597.0 2794.2 5.9737
275 0.05461 2668.9 2887.3 6.2312 0.04733 2651.4 2864.4 6.1429 0.04144 2632.3 2839.5 6.0571
300 0.05887 2726.2 2961.7 6.3639 0.05138 2713.0 2944.2 6.2854 0.04535 2699.0 2925.7 6.2111
350 0.06647 2827.4 3093.3 6.5843 0.05842 2818.6 3081.5 6.5153 0.05197 2809.5 3069.3 6.4516
400 0.07343 2920.8 3214.5 6.7714 0.06477 2914.2 3205.7 6.7071 0.05784 2907.5 3196.7 6.6483
450 0.08004 3011.0 3331.2 6.9386 0.07076 3005.8 3324.2 6.8770 0.06332 3000.6 3317.2 6.8210
500 0.08644 3100.3 3446.0 7.0922 0.07652 3096.0 3440.4 7.0323 0.06858 3091.8 3434.7 6.9781
600 0.09886 3279.4 3674.9 7.3706 0.08766 3276.4 3670.9 7.3127 0.07870 3273.3 3666.9 7.2605
700 0.11098 3462.4 3906.3 7.6214 0.09850 3460.0 3903.3 7.5647 0.08852 3457.7 3900.3 7.5136
800 0.12292 3650.6 4142.3 7.8523 0.10916 3648.8 4140.0 7.7962 0.09816 3646.9 4137.7 7.7458
900 0.13476 3844.8 4383.9 8.0675 0.11972 3843.3 4382.1 8.0118 0.10769 3841.8 4380.2 7.9619
1000 0.14653 4045.1 4631.2 8.2698 0.13020 4043.9 4629.8 8.2144 0.11715 4042.6 4628.3 8.1648
1100 0.15824 4251.4 4884.4 8.4612 0.14064 4250.4 4883.2 8.4060 0.12655 4249.3 4882.1 8.3566
1200 0.16992 4463.5 5143.2 8.6430 0.15103 4462.6 5142.2 8.5880 0.13592 4461.6 5141.3 8.5388
1300 0.18157 4680.9 5407.2 8.8164 0.16140 4680.1 5406.5 8.7616 0.14527 4679.3 5405.7 8.7124
Appendix 1 | 779
TABLE A–6
Superheated water (Concluded)
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
°C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K
P 15.0 MPa (342.16C) P 17.5 MPa (354.67C) P 20.0 MPa (365.75C)
Sat. 0.010341 2455.7 2610.8 5.3108 0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435 0.005862 2294.8 2412.1 4.9310
350 0.011481 2520.9 2693.1 5.4438
400 0.015671 2740.6 2975.7 5.8819 0.012463 2684.3 2902.4 5.7211 0.009950 2617.9 2816.9 5.5526
450 0.018477 2880.8 3157.9 6.1434 0.015204 2845.4 3111.4 6.0212 0.012721 2807.3 3061.7 5.9043
500 0.020828 2998.4 3310.8 6.3480 0.017385 2972.4 3276.7 6.2424 0.014793 2945.3 3241.2 6.1446
550 0.022945 3106.2 3450.4 6.5230 0.019305 3085.8 3423.6 6.4266 0.016571 3064.7 3396.2 6.3390
600 0.024921 3209.3 3583.1 6.6796 0.021073 3192.5 3561.3 6.5890 0.018185 3175.3 3539.0 6.5075
650 0.026804 3310.1 3712.1 6.8233 0.022742 3295.8 3693.8 6.7366 0.019695 3281.4 3675.3 6.6593
700 0.028621 3409.8 3839.1 6.9573 0.024342 3397.5 3823.5 6.8735 0.021134 3385.1 3807.8 6.7991
800 0.032121 3609.3 4091.1 7.2037 0.027405 3599.7 4079.3 7.1237 0.023870 3590.1 4067.5 7.0531
900 0.035503 3811.2 4343.7 7.4288 0.030348 3803.5 4334.6 7.3511 0.026484 3795.7 4325.4 7.2829
1000 0.038808 4017.1 4599.2 7.6378 0.033215 4010.7 4592.0 7.5616 0.029020 4004.3 4584.7 7.4950
1100 0.042062 4227.7 4858.6 7.8339 0.036029 4222.3 4852.8 7.7588 0.031504 4216.9 4847.0 7.6933
1200 0.045279 4443.1 5122.3 8.0192 0.038806 4438.5 5117.6 7.9449 0.033952 4433.8 5112.9 7.8802
1300 0.048469 4663.3 5390.3 8.1952 0.041556 4659.2 5386.5 8.1215 0.036371 4655.2 5382.7 8.0574
TABLE A–7
Compressed liquid water
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
°C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K
P 5 MPa (263.94C) P 10 MPa (311.00C) P 15 MPa (342.16C)
Sat. 0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 2.9207 0.0014522 1393.3 1407.9 3.3603 0.0016572 1585.5 1610.3 3.6848
0 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0001 0.0009952 0.12 10.07 0.0003 0.0009928 0.18 15.07 0.0004
20 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.2954 0.0009973 83.31 93.28 0.2943 0.0009951 83.01 97.93 0.2932
40 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.5705 0.0010035 166.33 176.37 0.5685 0.0010013 165.75 180.77 0.5666
60 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.8287 0.0010127 249.43 259.55 0.8260 0.0010105 248.58 263.74 0.8234
80 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 1.0723 0.0010244 332.69 342.94 1.0691 0.0010221 331.59 346.92 1.0659
100 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 1.3034 0.0010385 416.23 426.62 1.2996 0.0010361 414.85 430.39 1.2958
120 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 1.5236 0.0010549 500.18 510.73 1.5191 0.0010522 498.50 514.28 1.5148
140 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 1.7344 0.0010738 584.72 595.45 1.7293 0.0010708 582.69 598.75 1.7243
160 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 1.9374 0.0010954 670.06 681.01 1.9316 0.0010920 667.63 684.01 1.9259
180 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 2.1338 0.0011200 756.48 767.68 2.1271 0.0011160 753.58 770.32 2.1206
200 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 2.3251 0.0011482 844.32 855.80 2.3174 0.0011435 840.84 858.00 2.3100
220 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 2.5127 0.0011809 934.01 945.82 2.5037 0.0011752 929.81 947.43 2.4951
240 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 2.6983 0.0012192 1026.2 1038.3 2.6876 0.0012121 1021.0 1039.2 2.6774
260 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9 2.8841 0.0012653 1121.6 1134.3 2.8710 0.0012560 1115.1 1134.0 2.8586
280 0.0013226 1221.8 1235.0 3.0565 0.0013096 1213.4 1233.0 3.0410
300 0.0013980 1329.4 1343.3 3.2488 0.0013783 1317.6 1338.3 3.2279
320 0.0014733 1431.9 1454.0 3.4263
340 0.0016311 1567.9 1592.4 3.6555
Appendix 1 | 781
TABLE A–8
Saturated ice–water vapor
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp., press., ice, vapor, ice, Subl., vapor, ice, Subl., vapor, ice, Subl., vapor,
T °C Psat kPa vi vg ui uig ug hi hig hg si sig sg
0.01 0.61169 0.001091 205.99 333.40 2707.9 2374.5 333.40 2833.9 2500.5 1.2202 10.374 9.154
0 0.61115 0.001091 206.17 333.43 2707.9 2374.5 333.43 2833.9 2500.5 1.2204 10.375 9.154
2 0.51772 0.001091 241.62 337.63 2709.4 2371.8 337.63 2834.5 2496.8 1.2358 10.453 9.218
4 0.43748 0.001090 283.84 341.80 2710.8 2369.0 341.80 2835.0 2493.2 1.2513 10.533 9.282
6 0.36873 0.001090 334.27 345.94 2712.2 2366.2 345.93 2835.4 2489.5 1.2667 10.613 9.347
8 0.30998 0.001090 394.66 350.04 2713.5 2363.5 350.04 2835.8 2485.8 1.2821 10.695 9.413
10 0.25990 0.001089 467.17 354.12 2714.8 2360.7 354.12 2836.2 2482.1 1.2976 10.778 9.480
12 0.21732 0.001089 554.47 358.17 2716.1 2357.9 358.17 2836.6 2478.4 1.3130 10.862 9.549
14 0.18121 0.001088 659.88 362.18 2717.3 2355.2 362.18 2836.9 2474.7 1.3284 10.947 9.618
16 0.15068 0.001088 787.51 366.17 2718.6 2352.4 366.17 2837.2 2471.0 1.3439 11.033 9.689
18 0.12492 0.001088 942.51 370.13 2719.7 2349.6 370.13 2837.5 2467.3 1.3593 11.121 9.761
20 0.10326 0.001087 1131.3 374.06 2720.9 2346.8 374.06 2837.7 2463.6 1.3748 11.209 9.835
22 0.08510 0.001087 1362.0 377.95 2722.0 2344.1 377.95 2837.9 2459.9 1.3903 11.300 9.909
24 0.06991 0.001087 1644.7 381.82 2723.1 2341.3 381.82 2838.1 2456.2 1.4057 11.391 9.985
26 0.05725 0.001087 1992.2 385.66 2724.2 2338.5 385.66 2838.2 2452.5 1.4212 11.484 10.063
28 0.04673 0.001086 2421.0 389.47 2725.2 2335.7 389.47 2838.3 2448.8 1.4367 11.578 10.141
30 0.03802 0.001086 2951.7 393.25 2726.2 2332.9 393.25 2838.4 2445.1 1.4521 11.673 10.221
32 0.03082 0.001086 3610.9 397.00 2727.2 2330.2 397.00 2838.4 2441.4 1.4676 11.770 10.303
34 0.02490 0.001085 4432.4 400.72 2728.1 2327.4 400.72 2838.5 2437.7 1.4831 11.869 10.386
36 0.02004 0.001085 5460.1 404.40 2729.0 2324.6 404.40 2838.4 2434.0 1.4986 11.969 10.470
38 0.01608 0.001085 6750.5 408.07 2729.9 2321.8 408.07 2838.4 2430.3 1.5141 12.071 10.557
40 0.01285 0.001084 8376.7 411.70 2730.7 2319.0 411.70 2838.3 2426.6 1.5296 12.174 10.644
782
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1200 1200
h = 5000 kJ/kg
00
0
784
50
550
5000
4500
1100 4900 1100
/m 3
4000
= kg
4500
3800
sity
g/m 3
900 4400 900
Den
300 k
3600 4300
150000 ar
3400 4200
20 00 b
800 800
g/m 3
4 00 6000
100 00
4100
300
Back Matter
80000
0
3200
100 k
P=
30000
4000
20 0
50
0
15 00
700 3000 700
/m 3
00
3900
Temperature, °C
30 kg
00
2800 3800
10
/m 3
0
600 2600 80 3700 600
10 kg
0
60
0
2400 50 3600
3 kg/m 3
0
40 0
500 2200 35 00 3500 500
1 kg/m 3
h= 3 0
25 0
Units)
Tables and Charts (SI
Appendix 1: Property
2000 3400
20
kg/m 3
g/m 3
0
1800 15 3300
400 400
3k
0
10
0.3
kg/m 3
0.0
3200
1600 80
60
kg/m 3
40
0
0.1
140 3100
30
300 300
20
.01
id
15
u
10
120
0 liq
=0
3000
ated
tur
sity
0
100 Sa
8
6
1.5
4
1.0
2900
3
2
Den
200 200
120
140
5
1000
% 20 h h=
0.4
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.3
16
0.1
2800
10 00 22 =26
18
00 24
0
ty
= 00 00 00 00
800
ali
15
%
08
20
0.02
0.08
6
3
0.04
Qu
0.0
0.0
%
0.0
0
40%
100 100
0.
30
2650
h = 40
50%
600
Qu
60%
70 alit h = 2600
2650 kJ/kg
80% y
0 006
% = 90
0. .004
0. 03
%
0k
200
2
0.
2550
00
0
J/k
0 0
g
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Entropy, kJ/kg · K
FIGURE A–9
Companies, 2008
© The McGraw−Hill
T-s diagram for water.
Copyright © 1984. From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Reproduced by permission of Routledge/Taylor & Francis
Books, Inc.
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 785
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 1 | 783
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5000 5000
°C
1100°°C
00
11
T=
C
1000°°C
C
900°°C
C
/m 3
4000 4000
000 kg
800°°C
i ty = 1
bar
C
00
Dens
300
00
kg/m 3
250
P=
700°°C
00
200
00
1 00
C
g/m 3
150
00
100
10 k
800
0
40000
600
500
/m 3
3000
15 00
800 10 00
600°
00
1 kg
20
kg/m 3
/m 3
0°C
00
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
2000
40000 5
30
kg
80 1150
00
0.1
.01
50
6
30
=0
20
3000 3000
15
60
10
40
ty
nsi
5
500°
3
1.5
De
2
8
1.0
0°C
6
4
0. 3
0.
.1 5
0. .08 0.12
0. .8
0.4 6
0
0.0 5
0
0.0
r
0. 3
0. 5 ba
08
01
01
0. 6
0
0.0
04
98% 02
0
96% 0. =
400°
P
Qu
0°C
94%
alit
y = 92%
90%
88
86% %
84%
82%
T = 300°
80%
78
76 %
0°C
74 %
2000 72 % 2000
70 %
68 %
%
66 %
%
64 %
62
60 %
58
%
56%
54%
52%
50%
48%
46%
44%
42%
40%
1000 1000
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Entropy, kJ/kg · K
FIGURE A–10
Mollier diagram for water.
Copyright © 1984. From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Reproduced by permission of Routledge/Taylor &
Francis Books, Inc.
786 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–11
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp., press., liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
T °C Psat kPa vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg
40 51.25 0.0007054 0.36081 0.036 207.40 207.37 0.000 225.86 225.86 0.00000 0.96866 0.96866
38 56.86 0.0007083 0.32732 2.475 206.04 208.51 2.515 224.61 227.12 0.01072 0.95511 0.96584
36 62.95 0.0007112 0.29751 4.992 204.67 209.66 5.037 223.35 228.39 0.02138 0.94176 0.96315
34 69.56 0.0007142 0.27090 7.517 203.29 210.81 7.566 222.09 229.65 0.03199 0.92859 0.96058
32 76.71 0.0007172 0.24711 10.05 201.91 211.96 10.10 220.81 230.91 0.04253 0.91560 0.95813
30 84.43 0.0007203 0.22580 12.59 200.52 213.11 12.65 219.52 232.17 0.05301 0.90278 0.95579
28 92.76 0.0007234 0.20666 15.13 199.12 214.25 15.20 218.22 233.43 0.06344 0.89012 0.95356
26 101.73 0.0007265 0.18946 17.69 197.72 215.40 17.76 216.92 234.68 0.07382 0.87762 0.95144
24 111.37 0.0007297 0.17395 20.25 196.30 216.55 20.33 215.59 235.92 0.08414 0.86527 0.94941
22 121.72 0.0007329 0.15995 22.82 194.88 217.70 22.91 214.26 s237.17 0.09441 0.85307 0.94748
20 132.82 0.0007362 0.14729 25.39 193.45 218.84 25.49 212.91 238.41 0.10463 0.84101 0.94564
18 144.69 0.0007396 0.13583 27.98 192.01 219.98 28.09 211.55 239.64 0.11481 0.82908 0.94389
16 157.38 0.0007430 0.12542 30.57 190.56 221.13 30.69 210.18 240.87 0.12493 0.81729 0.94222
14 170.93 0.0007464 0.11597 33.17 189.09 222.27 33.30 208.79 242.09 0.13501 0.80561 0.94063
12 185.37 0.0007499 0.10736 35.78 187.62 223.40 35.92 207.38 243.30 0.14504 0.79406 0.93911
10 200.74 0.0007535 0.099516 38.40 186.14 224.54 38.55 205.96 244.51 0.15504 0.78263 0.93766
8 217.08 0.0007571 0.092352 41.03 184.64 225.67 41.19 204.52 245.72 0.16498 0.77130 0.93629
6 234.44 0.0007608 0.085802 43.66 183.13 226.80 43.84 203.07 246.91 0.17489 0.76008 0.93497
4 252.85 0.0007646 0.079804 46.31 181.61 227.92 46.50 201.60 248.10 0.18476 0.74896 0.93372
2 272.36 0.0007684 0.074304 48.96 180.08 229.04 49.17 200.11 249.28 0.19459 0.73794 0.93253
0 293.01 0.0007723 0.069255 51.63 178.53 230.16 51.86 198.60 250.45 0.20439 0.72701 0.93139
2 314.84 0.0007763 0.064612 54.30 176.97 231.27 54.55 197.07 251.61 0.21415 0.71616 0.93031
4 337.90 0.0007804 0.060338 56.99 175.39 232.38 57.25 195.51 252.77 0.22387 0.70540 0.92927
6 362.23 0.0007845 0.056398 59.68 173.80 233.48 59.97 193.94 253.91 0.23356 0.69471 0.92828
8 387.88 0.0007887 0.052762 62.39 172.19 234.58 62.69 192.35 255.04 0.24323 0.68410 0.92733
10 414.89 0.0007930 0.049403 65.10 170.56 235.67 65.43 190.73 256.16 0.25286 0.67356 0.92641
12 443.31 0.0007975 0.046295 67.83 168.92 236.75 68.18 189.09 257.27 0.26246 0.66308 0.92554
14 473.19 0.0008020 0.043417 70.57 167.26 237.83 70.95 187.42 258.37 0.27204 0.65266 0.92470
16 504.58 0.0008066 0.040748 73.32 165.58 238.90 73.73 185.73 259.46 0.28159 0.64230 0.92389
18 537.52 0.0008113 0.038271 76.08 163.88 239.96 76.52 184.01 260.53 0.29112 0.63198 0.92310
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 787
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 1 | 785
TABLE A–11
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table (Concluded)
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp., press., liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
T °C Psat kPa vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg
20 572.07 0.0008161 0.035969 78.86 162.16 241.02 79.32 182.27 261.59 0.30063 0.62172 0.92234
22 608.27 0.0008210 0.033828 81.64 160.42 242.06 82.14 180.49 262.64 0.31011 0.61149 0.92160
24 646.18 0.0008261 0.031834 84.44 158.65 243.10 84.98 178.69 263.67 0.31958 0.60130 0.92088
26 685.84 0.0008313 0.029976 87.26 156.87 244.12 87.83 176.85 264.68 0.32903 0.59115 0.92018
28 727.31 0.0008366 0.028242 90.09 155.05 245.14 90.69 174.99 265.68 0.33846 0.58102 0.91948
30 770.64 0.0008421 0.026622 92.93 153.22 246.14 93.58 173.08 266.66 0.34789 0.57091 0.91879
32 815.89 0.0008478 0.025108 95.79 151.35 247.14 96.48 171.14 267.62 0.35730 0.56082 0.91811
34 863.11 0.0008536 0.023691 98.66 149.46 248.12 99.40 169.17 268.57 0.36670 0.55074 0.91743
36 912.35 0.0008595 0.022364 101.55 147.54 249.08 102.33 167.16 269.49 0.37609 0.54066 0.91675
38 963.68 0.0008657 0.021119 104.45 145.58 250.04 105.29 165.10 270.39 0.38548 0.53058 0.91606
40 1017.1 0.0008720 0.019952 107.38 143.60 250.97 108.26 163.00 271.27 0.39486 0.52049 0.91536
42 1072.8 0.0008786 0.018855 110.32 141.58 251.89 111.26 160.86 272.12 0.40425 0.51039 0.91464
44 1130.7 0.0008854 0.017824 113.28 139.52 252.80 114.28 158.67 272.95 0.41363 0.50027 0.91391
46 1191.0 0.0008924 0.016853 116.26 137.42 253.68 117.32 156.43 273.75 0.42302 0.49012 0.91315
48 1253.6 0.0008996 0.015939 119.26 135.29 254.55 120.39 154.14 274.53 0.43242 0.47993 0.91236
52 1386.2 0.0009150 0.014265 125.33 130.88 256.21 126.59 149.39 275.98 0.45126 0.45941 0.91067
56 1529.1 0.0009317 0.012771 131.49 126.28 257.77 132.91 144.38 277.30 0.47018 0.43863 0.90880
60 1682.8 0.0009498 0.011434 137.76 121.46 259.22 139.36 139.10 278.46 0.48920 0.41749 0.90669
65 1891.0 0.0009750 0.009950 145.77 115.05 260.82 147.62 132.02 279.64 0.51320 0.39039 0.90359
70 2118.2 0.0010037 0.008642 154.01 108.14 262.15 156.13 124.32 280.46 0.53755 0.36227 0.89982
75 2365.8 0.0010372 0.007480 162.53 100.60 263.13 164.98 115.85 280.82 0.56241 0.33272 0.89512
80 2635.3 0.0010772 0.006436 171.40 92.23 263.63 174.24 106.35 280.59 0.58800 0.30111 0.88912
85 2928.2 0.0011270 0.005486 180.77 82.67 263.44 184.07 95.44 279.51 0.61473 0.26644 0.88117
90 3246.9 0.0011932 0.004599 190.89 71.29 262.18 194.76 82.35 277.11 0.64336 0.22674 0.87010
95 3594.1 0.0012933 0.003726 202.40 56.47 258.87 207.05 65.21 272.26 0.67578 0.17711 0.85289
100 3975.1 0.0015269 0.002630 218.72 29.19 247.91 224.79 33.58 258.37 0.72217 0.08999 0.81215
Source: Tables A–11 through A–13 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado.
The routine used in calculations is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner-Roth and H.D. Baehr, “An
International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K
and Pressures up to 70 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. The enthalpy and entropy values of saturated liquid are set to zero at
40°C (and 40°F).
788 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–12
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Press., temp., liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
P kPa Tsat °C vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg
60 36.95 0.0007098 0.31121 3.798 205.32 209.12 3.841 223.95 227.79 0.01634 0.94807 0.96441
70 33.87 0.0007144 0.26929 7.680 203.20 210.88 7.730 222.00 229.73 0.03267 0.92775 0.96042
80 31.13 0.0007185 0.23753 11.15 201.30 212.46 11.21 220.25 231.46 0.04711 0.90999 0.95710
90 28.65 0.0007223 0.21263 14.31 199.57 213.88 14.37 218.65 233.02 0.06008 0.89419 0.95427
100 26.37 0.0007259 0.19254 17.21 197.98 215.19 17.28 217.16 234.44 0.07188 0.87995 0.95183
120 22.32 0.0007324 0.16212 22.40 195.11 217.51 22.49 214.48 236.97 0.09275 0.85503 0.94779
140 18.77 0.0007383 0.14014 26.98 192.57 219.54 27.08 212.08 239.16 0.11087 0.83368 0.94456
160 15.60 0.0007437 0.12348 31.09 190.27 221.35 31.21 209.90 241.11 0.12693 0.81496 0.94190
180 12.73 0.0007487 0.11041 34.83 188.16 222.99 34.97 207.90 242.86 0.14139 0.79826 0.93965
200 10.09 0.0007533 0.099867 38.28 186.21 224.48 38.43 206.03 244.46 0.15457 0.78316 0.93773
240 5.38 0.0007620 0.083897 44.48 182.67 227.14 44.66 202.62 247.28 0.17794 0.75664 0.93458
280 1.25 0.0007699 0.072352 49.97 179.50 229.46 50.18 199.54 249.72 0.19829 0.73381 0.93210
320 2.46 0.0007772 0.063604 54.92 176.61 231.52 55.16 196.71 251.88 0.21637 0.71369 0.93006
360 5.82 0.0007841 0.056738 59.44 173.94 233.38 59.72 194.08 253.81 0.23270 0.69566 0.92836
400 8.91 0.0007907 0.051201 63.62 171.45 235.07 63.94 191.62 255.55 0.24761 0.67929 0.92691
450 12.46 0.0007985 0.045619 68.45 168.54 237.00 68.81 188.71 257.53 0.26465 0.66069 0.92535
500 15.71 0.0008059 0.041118 72.93 165.82 238.75 73.33 185.98 259.30 0.28023 0.64377 0.92400
550 18.73 0.0008130 0.037408 77.10 163.25 240.35 77.54 183.38 260.92 0.29461 0.62821 0.92282
600 21.55 0.0008199 0.034295 81.02 160.81 241.83 81.51 180.90 262.40 0.30799 0.61378 0.92177
650 24.20 0.0008266 0.031646 84.72 158.48 243.20 85.26 178.51 263.77 0.32051 0.60030 0.92081
700 26.69 0.0008331 0.029361 88.24 156.24 244.48 88.82 176.21 265.03 0.33230 0.58763 0.91994
750 29.06 0.0008395 0.027371 91.59 154.08 245.67 92.22 173.98 266.20 0.34345 0.57567 0.91912
800 31.31 0.0008458 0.025621 94.79 152.00 246.79 95.47 171.82 267.29 0.35404 0.56431 0.91835
850 33.45 0.0008520 0.024069 97.87 149.98 247.85 98.60 169.71 268.31 0.36413 0.55349 0.91762
900 35.51 0.0008580 0.022683 100.83 148.01 248.85 101.61 167.66 269.26 0.37377 0.54315 0.91692
950 37.48 0.0008641 0.021438 103.69 146.10 249.79 104.51 165.64 270.15 0.38301 0.53323 0.91624
1000 39.37 0.0008700 0.020313 106.45 144.23 250.68 107.32 163.67 270.99 0.39189 0.52368 0.91558
1200 46.29 0.0008934 0.016715 116.70 137.11 253.81 117.77 156.10 273.87 0.42441 0.48863 0.91303
1400 52.40 0.0009166 0.014107 125.94 130.43 256.37 127.22 148.90 276.12 0.45315 0.45734 0.91050
1600 57.88 0.0009400 0.012123 134.43 124.04 258.47 135.93 141.93 277.86 0.47911 0.42873 0.90784
1800 62.87 0.0009639 0.010559 142.33 117.83 260.17 144.07 135.11 279.17 0.50294 0.40204 0.90498
2000 67.45 0.0009886 0.009288 149.78 111.73 261.51 151.76 128.33 280.09 0.52509 0.37675 0.90184
2500 77.54 0.0010566 0.006936 166.99 96.47 263.45 169.63 111.16 280.79 0.57531 0.31695 0.89226
3000 86.16 0.0011406 0.005275 183.04 80.22 263.26 186.46 92.63 279.09 0.62118 0.25776 0.87894
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 789
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 1 | 787
TABLE A–13
Superheated refrigerant-134a
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
°C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K
P 0.06 MPa (Tsat 36.95°C) P 0.10 MPa (Tsat 26.37°C) P 0.14 MPa (Tsat 18.77°C)
Sat. 0.31121 209.12 227.79 0.9644 0.19254 215.19 234.44 0.9518 0.14014 219.54 239.16 0.9446
20 0.33608 220.60 240.76 1.0174 0.19841 219.66 239.50 0.9721
10 0.35048 227.55 248.58 1.0477 0.20743 226.75 247.49 1.0030 0.14605 225.91 246.36 0.9724
0 0.36476 234.66 256.54 1.0774 0.21630 233.95 255.58 1.0332 0.15263 233.23 254.60 1.0031
10 0.37893 241.92 264.66 1.1066 0.22506 241.30 263.81 1.0628 0.15908 240.66 262.93 1.0331
20 0.39302 249.35 272.94 1.1353 0.23373 248.79 272.17 1.0918 0.16544 248.22 271.38 1.0624
30 0.40705 256.95 281.37 1.1636 0.24233 256.44 280.68 1.1203 0.17172 255.93 279.97 1.0912
40 0.42102 264.71 289.97 1.1915 0.25088 264.25 289.34 1.1484 0.17794 263.79 288.70 1.1195
50 0.43495 272.64 298.74 1.2191 0.25937 272.22 298.16 1.1762 0.18412 271.79 297.57 1.1474
60 0.44883 280.73 307.66 1.2463 0.26783 280.35 307.13 1.2035 0.19025 279.96 306.59 1.1749
70 0.46269 288.99 316.75 1.2732 0.27626 288.64 316.26 1.2305 0.19635 288.28 315.77 1.2020
80 0.47651 297.41 326.00 1.2997 0.28465 297.08 325.55 1.2572 0.20242 296.75 325.09 1.2288
90 0.49032 306.00 335.42 1.3260 0.29303 305.69 334.99 1.2836 0.20847 305.38 334.57 1.2553
100 0.50410 314.74 344.99 1.3520 0.30138 314.46 344.60 1.3096 0.21449 314.17 344.20 1.2814
P 0.18 MPa (Tsat 12.73°C) P 0.20 MPa (Tsat 10.09°C) P 0.24 MPa (Tsat 5.38°C)
Sat. 0.11041 222.99 242.86 0.9397 0.09987 224.48 244.46 0.9377 0.08390 227.14 247.28 0.9346
10 0.11189 225.02 245.16 0.9484 0.09991 224.55 244.54 0.9380
0 0.11722 232.48 253.58 0.9798 0.10481 232.09 253.05 0.9698 0.08617 231.29 251.97 0.9519
10 0.12240 240.00 262.04 1.0102 0.10955 239.67 261.58 1.0004 0.09026 238.98 260.65 0.9831
20 0.12748 247.64 270.59 1.0399 0.11418 247.35 270.18 1.0303 0.09423 246.74 269.36 1.0134
30 0.13248 255.41 279.25 1.0690 0.11874 255.14 278.89 1.0595 0.09812 254.61 278.16 1.0429
40 0.13741 263.31 288.05 1.0975 0.12322 263.08 287.72 1.0882 0.10193 262.59 287.06 1.0718
50 0.14230 271.36 296.98 1.1256 0.12766 271.15 296.68 1.1163 0.10570 270.71 296.08 1.1001
60 0.14715 279.56 306.05 1.1532 0.13206 279.37 305.78 1.1441 0.10942 278.97 305.23 1.1280
70 0.15196 287.91 315.27 1.1805 0.13641 287.73 315.01 1.1714 0.11310 287.36 314.51 1.1554
80 0.15673 296.42 324.63 1.2074 0.14074 296.25 324.40 1.1983 0.11675 295.91 323.93 1.1825
90 0.16149 305.07 334.14 1.2339 0.14504 304.92 333.93 1.2249 0.12038 304.60 333.49 1.2092
100 0.16622 313.88 343.80 1.2602 0.14933 313.74 343.60 1.2512 0.12398 313.44 343.20 1.2356
P 0.28 MPa (Tsat 1.25°C) P 0.32 MPa (Tsat 2.46°C) P 0.40 MPa (Tsat 8.91°C)
Sat. 0.07235 229.46 249.72 0.9321 0.06360 231.52 251.88 0.9301 0.051201 235.07 255.55 0.9269
0 0.07282 230.44 250.83 0.9362
10 0.07646 238.27 259.68 0.9680 0.06609 237.54 258.69 0.9544 0.051506 235.97 256.58 0.9305
20 0.07997 246.13 268.52 0.9987 0.06925 245.50 267.66 0.9856 0.054213 244.18 265.86 0.9628
30 0.08338 254.06 277.41 1.0285 0.07231 253.50 276.65 1.0157 0.056796 252.36 275.07 0.9937
40 0.08672 262.10 286.38 1.0576 0.07530 261.60 285.70 1.0451 0.059292 260.58 284.30 1.0236
50 0.09000 270.27 295.47 1.0862 0.07823 269.82 294.85 1.0739 0.061724 268.90 293.59 1.0528
60 0.09324 278.56 304.67 1.1142 0.08111 278.15 304.11 1.1021 0.064104 277.32 302.96 1.0814
70 0.09644 286.99 314.00 1.1418 0.08395 286.62 313.48 1.1298 0.066443 285.86 312.44 1.1094
80 0.09961 295.57 323.46 1.1690 0.08675 295.22 322.98 1.1571 0.068747 294.53 322.02 1.1369
90 0.10275 304.29 333.06 1.1958 0.08953 303.97 332.62 1.1840 0.071023 303.32 331.73 1.1640
100 0.10587 313.15 342.80 1.2222 0.09229 312.86 342.39 1.2105 0.073274 312.26 341.57 1.1907
110 0.10897 322.16 352.68 1.2483 0.09503 321.89 352.30 1.2367 0.075504 321.33 351.53 1.2171
120 0.11205 331.32 362.70 1.2742 0.09775 331.07 362.35 1.2626 0.077717 330.55 361.63 1.2431
130 0.11512 340.63 372.87 1.2997 0.10045 340.39 372.54 1.2882 0.079913 339.90 371.87 1.2688
140 0.11818 350.09 383.18 1.3250 0.10314 349.86 382.87 1.3135 0.082096 349.41 382.24 1.2942
790 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–13
Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded)
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
°C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K
P 0.50 MPa (Tsat 15.71°C) P 0.60 MPa (Tsat 21.55°C) P 0.70 MPa (Tsat 26.69°C)
Sat. 0.041118 238.75 259.30 0.9240 0.034295 241.83 262.40 0.9218 0.029361 244.48 265.03 0.9199
20 0.042115 242.40 263.46 0.9383
30 0.044338 250.84 273.01 0.9703 0.035984 249.22 270.81 0.9499 0.029966 247.48 268.45 0.9313
40 0.046456 259.26 282.48 1.0011 0.037865 257.86 280.58 0.9816 0.031696 256.39 278.57 0.9641
50 0.048499 267.72 291.96 1.0309 0.039659 266.48 290.28 1.0121 0.033322 265.20 288.53 0.9954
60 0.050485 276.25 301.50 1.0599 0.041389 275.15 299.98 1.0417 0.034875 274.01 298.42 1.0256
70 0.052427 284.89 311.10 1.0883 0.043069 283.89 309.73 1.0705 0.036373 282.87 308.33 1.0549
80 0.054331 293.64 320.80 1.1162 0.044710 292.73 319.55 1.0987 0.037829 291.80 318.28 1.0835
90 0.056205 302.51 330.61 1.1436 0.046318 301.67 329.46 1.1264 0.039250 300.82 328.29 1.1114
100 0.058053 311.50 340.53 1.1705 0.047900 310.73 339.47 1.1536 0.040642 309.95 338.40 1.1389
110 0.059880 320.63 350.57 1.1971 0.049458 319.91 349.59 1.1803 0.042010 319.19 348.60 1.1658
120 0.061687 329.89 360.73 1.2233 0.050997 329.23 359.82 1.2067 0.043358 328.55 358.90 1.1924
130 0.063479 339.29 371.03 1.2491 0.052519 338.67 370.18 1.2327 0.044688 338.04 369.32 1.2186
140 0.065256 348.83 381.46 1.2747 0.054027 348.25 380.66 1.2584 0.046004 347.66 379.86 1.2444
150 0.067021 358.51 392.02 1.2999 0.055522 357.96 391.27 1.2838 0.047306 357.41 390.52 1.2699
160 0.068775 368.33 402.72 1.3249 0.057006 367.81 402.01 1.3088 0.048597 367.29 401.31 1.2951
P 0.80 MPa (Tsat 31.31°C) P 0.90 MPa (Tsat 35.51°C) P 1.00 MPa (Tsat 39.37°C)
Sat. 0.025621 246.79 267.29 0.9183 0.022683 248.85 269.26 0.9169 0.020313 250.68 270.99 0.9156
40 0.027035 254.82 276.45 0.9480 0.023375 253.13 274.17 0.9327 0.020406 251.30 271.71 0.9179
50 0.028547 263.86 286.69 0.9802 0.024809 262.44 284.77 0.9660 0.021796 260.94 282.74 0.9525
60 0.029973 272.83 296.81 1.0110 0.026146 271.60 295.13 0.9976 0.023068 270.32 293.38 0.9850
70 0.031340 281.81 306.88 1.0408 0.027413 280.72 305.39 1.0280 0.024261 279.59 303.85 1.0160
80 0.032659 290.84 316.97 1.0698 0.028630 289.86 315.63 1.0574 0.025398 288.86 314.25 1.0458
90 0.033941 299.95 327.10 1.0981 0.029806 299.06 325.89 1.0860 0.026492 298.15 324.64 1.0748
100 0.035193 309.15 337.30 1.1258 0.030951 308.34 336.19 1.1140 0.027552 307.51 335.06 1.1031
110 0.036420 318.45 347.59 1.1530 0.032068 317.70 346.56 1.1414 0.028584 316.94 345.53 1.1308
120 0.037625 327.87 357.97 1.1798 0.033164 327.18 357.02 1.1684 0.029592 326.47 356.06 1.1580
130 0.038813 337.40 368.45 1.2061 0.034241 336.76 367.58 1.1949 0.030581 336.11 366.69 1.1846
140 0.039985 347.06 379.05 1.2321 0.035302 346.46 378.23 1.2210 0.031554 345.85 377.40 1.2109
150 0.041143 356.85 389.76 1.2577 0.036349 356.28 389.00 1.2467 0.032512 355.71 388.22 1.2368
160 0.042290 366.76 400.59 1.2830 0.037384 366.23 399.88 1.2721 0.033457 365.70 399.15 1.2623
170 0.043427 376.81 411.55 1.3080 0.038408 376.31 410.88 1.2972 0.034392 375.81 410.20 1.2875
180 0.044554 386.99 422.64 1.3327 0.039423 386.52 422.00 1.3221 0.035317 386.04 421.36 1.3124
P 1.20 MPa (Tsat 46.29°C) P 1.40 MPa (Tsat 52.40°C) P 1.60 MPa (Tsat 57.88°C)
Sat. 0.016715 253.81 273.87 0.9130 0.014107 256.37 276.12 0.9105 0.012123 258.47 277.86 0.9078
50 0.017201 257.63 278.27 0.9267
60 0.018404 267.56 289.64 0.9614 0.015005 264.46 285.47 0.9389 0.012372 260.89 280.69 0.9163
70 0.019502 277.21 300.61 0.9938 0.016060 274.62 297.10 0.9733 0.013430 271.76 293.25 0.9535
80 0.020529 286.75 311.39 1.0248 0.017023 284.51 308.34 1.0056 0.014362 282.09 305.07 0.9875
90 0.021506 296.26 322.07 1.0546 0.017923 294.28 319.37 1.0364 0.015215 292.17 316.52 1.0194
100 0.022442 305.80 332.73 1.0836 0.018778 304.01 330.30 1.0661 0.016014 302.14 327.76 1.0500
110 0.023348 315.38 343.40 1.1118 0.019597 313.76 341.19 1.0949 0.016773 312.07 338.91 1.0795
120 0.024228 325.03 354.11 1.1394 0.020388 323.55 352.09 1.1230 0.017500 322.02 350.02 1.1081
130 0.025086 334.77 364.88 1.1664 0.021155 333.41 363.02 1.1504 0.018201 332.00 361.12 1.1360
140 0.025927 344.61 375.72 1.1930 0.021904 343.34 374.01 1.1773 0.018882 342.05 372.26 1.1632
150 0.026753 354.56 386.66 1.2192 0.022636 353.37 385.07 1.2038 0.019545 352.17 383.44 1.1900
160 0.027566 364.61 397.69 1.2449 0.023355 363.51 396.20 1.2298 0.020194 362.38 394.69 1.2163
170 0.028367 374.78 408.82 1.2703 0.024061 373.75 407.43 1.2554 0.020830 372.69 406.02 1.2421
180 0.029158 385.08 420.07 1.2954 0.024757 384.10 418.76 1.2807 0.021456 383.11 417.44 1.2676
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 791
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 1 | 789
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
20 20
kg/m 3
300
400
1500
1450
1400
10 10
1350
1250
0
1300
0
00
0
1200
0
115
0
95
110
80
/m33
90
0
105
kg/m
85
70 0 2000kg
10
60 500 tyh==20
ensisity
DDen 160
120
100
4 90 4
80
70
60
R-134a
60
50
2 40 2
40
32
24
20
T = 0°C
1 1
Pressure, MPa
0°C
0°
16
12
0.4 8 0.4
6
–20
gⵯⴢK
0.2 4 0.2
J/k
3.2
6k
1.36
1.44
1.52
1.60
1.68
1.76
1.12
1.20
1.28
1.84
1.92
2.00
0.64
0.72
0.80
0.88
0.96
1.04
8
4
0
2.1
2.0
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
s=
0.1 0.1
–40
1.6
s
1.2
liquid
300
280
260
240
160°C
T = 160°C
220
ated
por
200
0.04 0.8 0.04
160°
180
140
120
ted va
satur
100
–60
0.6
80
60
40
satura
20
–20
0
–40
6
2.5
X=0
4
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.3
2.4
2.6
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.2
2
s=
2.7
0.01 0.01
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
FIGURE A–14
P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a.
Note: The reference point used for the chart is different than that used in the R-134a tables. Therefore, problems should be solved using all property data
either from the tables or from the chart, but not from both.
Reprinted by permission of American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
792 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–15
Properties of saturated water
Volume
Enthalpy Specific Thermal Prandtl Expansion
Saturation Density of Heat Conductivity Dynamic Viscosity Number Coefficient
Pressure r, kg/m3 Vaporization cp, J/kg · K k, W/m · k m, kg/m · s Pr b, 1/K
Temp.
T, C Psat, kPa Liquid Vapor hfg, kJ/kg Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid
0.01 0.6113 999.8 0.0048 2501 4217 1854 0.561 0.0171 1.792
103 0.922
105 13.5 1.00 0.068
103
5 0.8721 999.9 0.0068 2490 4205 1857 0.571 0.0173 1.519
103 0.934
105 11.2 1.00 0.015
103
10 1.2276 999.7 0.0094 2478 4194 1862 0.580 0.0176 1.307
103 0.946
105 9.45 1.00 0.733
103
15 1.7051 999.1 0.0128 2466 4185 1863 0.589 0.0179 1.138
103 0.959
105 8.09 1.00 0.138
103
20 2.339 998.0 0.0173 2454 4182 1867 0.598 0.0182 1.002
103 0.973
105 7.01 1.00 0.195
103
25 3.169 997.0 0.0231 2442 4180 1870 0.607 0.0186 0.891
103 0.987
105 6.14 1.00 0.247
103
30 4.246 996.0 0.0304 2431 4178 1875 0.615 0.0189 0.798
103 1.001
105 5.42 1.00 0.294
103
35 5.628 994.0 0.0397 2419 4178 1880 0.623 0.0192 0.720
103 1.016
105 4.83 1.00 0.337
103
40 7.384 992.1 0.0512 2407 4179 1885 0.631 0.0196 0.653
103 1.031
105 4.32 1.00 0.377
103
45 9.593 990.1 0.0655 2395 4180 1892 0.637 0.0200 0.596
103 1.046
105 3.91 1.00 0.415
103
50 12.35 988.1 0.0831 2383 4181 1900 0.644 0.0204 0.547
103 1.062
105 3.55 1.00 0.451
103
55 15.76 985.2 0.1045 2371 4183 1908 0.649 0.0208 0.504
103 1.077
105 3.25 1.00 0.484
103
60 19.94 983.3 0.1304 2359 4185 1916 0.654 0.0212 0.467
103 1.093
105 2.99 1.00 0.517
103
65 25.03 980.4 0.1614 2346 4187 1926 0.659 0.0216 0.433
103 1.110
105 2.75 1.00 0.548
103
70 31.19 977.5 0.1983 2334 4190 1936 0.663 0.0221 0.404
103 1.126
105 2.55 1.00 0.578
103
75 38.58 974.7 0.2421 2321 4193 1948 0.667 0.0225 0.378
103 1.142
105 2.38 1.00 0.607
103
80 47.39 971.8 0.2935 2309 4197 1962 0.670 0.0230 0.355
103 1.159
105 2.22 1.00 0.653
103
85 57.83 968.1 0.3536 2296 4201 1977 0.673 0.0235 0.333
103 1.176
105 2.08 1.00 0.670
103
90 70.14 965.3 0.4235 2283 4206 1993 0.675 0.0240 0.315
103 1.193
105 1.96 1.00 0.702
103
95 84.55 961.5 0.5045 2270 4212 2010 0.677 0.0246 0.297
103 1.210
105 1.85 1.00 0.716
103
100 101.33 957.9 0.5978 2257 4217 2029 0.679 0.0251 0.282
103 1.227
105 1.75 1.00 0.750
103
110 143.27 950.6 0.8263 2230 4229 2071 0.682 0.0262 0.255
103 1.261
105 1.58 1.00 0.798
103
120 198.53 943.4 1.121 2203 4244 2120 0.683 0.0275 0.232
103 1.296
105 1.44 1.00 0.858
103
130 270.1 934.6 1.496 2174 4263 2177 0.684 0.0288 0.213
103 1.330
105 1.33 1.01 0.913
103
140 361.3 921.7 1.965 2145 4286 2244 0.683 0.0301 0.197
103 1.365
105 1.24 1.02 0.970
103
150 475.8 916.6 2.546 2114 4311 2314 0.682 0.0316 0.183
103 1.399
105 1.16 1.02 1.025
103
160 617.8 907.4 3.256 2083 4340 2420 0.680 0.0331 0.170
103 1.434
105 1.09 1.05 1.145
103
170 791.7 897.7 4.119 2050 4370 2490 0.677 0.0347 0.160
103 1.468
105 1.03 1.05 1.178
103
180 1,002.1 887.3 5.153 2015 4410 2590 0.673 0.0364 0.150
103 1.502
105 0.983 1.07 1.210
103
190 1,254.4 876.4 6.388 1979 4460 2710 0.669 0.0382 0.142
103 1.537
105 0.947 1.09 1.280
103
200 1,553.8 864.3 7.852 1941 4500 2840 0.663 0.0401 0.134
103 1.571
105 0.910 1.11 1.350
103
220 2,318 840.3 11.60 1859 4610 3110 0.650 0.0442 0.122
103 1.641
105 0.865 1.15 1.520
103
240 3,344 813.7 16.73 1767 4760 3520 0.632 0.0487 0.111
103 1.712
105 0.836 1.24 1.720
103
260 4,688 783.7 23.69 1663 4970 4070 0.609 0.0540 0.102
103 1.788
105 0.832 1.35 2.000
103
280 6,412 750.8 33.15 1544 5280 4835 0.581 0.0605 0.094
103 1.870
105 0.854 1.49 2.380
103
300 8,581 713.8 46.15 1405 5750 5980 0.548 0.0695 0.086
103 1.965
105 0.902 1.69 2.950
103
320 11,274 667.1 64.57 1239 6540 7900 0.509 0.0836 0.078
103 2.084
105 1.00 1.97
340 14,586 610.5 92.62 1028 8240 11,870 0.469 0.110 0.070
103 2.255
105 1.23 2.43
360 18,651 528.3 144.0 720 14,690 25,800 0.427 0.178 0.060
103 2.571
105 2.06 3.73
374.14 22,090 317.0 317.0 0 — — — — 0.043
103 4.313
105
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m/r and a k/rcp n/Pr. The temperatures 0.01C, 100C,
and 374.14C are the triple-, boiling-, and critical-point temperatures of water, respectively. The properties listed above (except the vapor density) can be used at
any pressure with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit kJ/kg · C for specific heat is equivalent to kJ/kg · K, and the unit W/m · C for thermal conductivity is equivalent to W/m · K.
Source: Viscosity and thermal conductivity data are from J. V. Sengers and J. T. R. Watson, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 15 (1986),
pp. 1291–1322. Other data are obtained from various sources or calculated.
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 793
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 1 | 791
TABLE A–16
Properties of saturated refrigerant-134a
Volume
Specific Thermal Prandtl Expansion
Enthalpy
Density of Heat Conductivity Dynamic Viscosity Number Coefficient Surface
Saturation
Temp. Pressure r, kg/m3 Vaporization cp, J/kg · K k, W/m · K m, kg/m · s Pr b, l/K Tension,
T, C P, kPa Liquid Vapor hfg, kJ/kg Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid N/m
40 51.2 1418 2.773 225.9 1254 748.6 0.1101 0.00811 4.878
104 2.550
106 5.558 0.235 0.00205 0.01760
35 66.2 1403 3.524 222.7 1264 764.1 0.1084 0.00862 4.509
104 3.003
106 5.257 0.266 0.00209 0.01682
30 84.4 1389 4.429 219.5 1273 780.2 0.1066 0.00913 4.178
104 3.504
106 4.992 0.299 0.00215 0.01604
25 106.5 1374 5.509 216.3 1283 797.2 0.1047 0.00963 3.882
104 4.054
106 4.757 0.335 0.00220 0.01527
20 132.8 1359 6.787 213.0 1294 814.9 0.1028 0.01013 3.614
104 4.651
106 4.548 0.374 0.00227 0.01451
15 164.0 1343 8.288 209.5 1306 833.5 0.1009 0.01063 3.371
104 5.295
106 4.363 0.415 0.00233 0.01376
10 200.7 1327 10.04 206.0 1318 853.1 0.0989 0.01112 3.150
104 5.982
106 4.198 0.459 0.00241 0.01302
5 243.5 1311 12.07 202.4 1330 873.8 0.0968 0.01161 2.947
104 6.709
106 4.051 0.505 0.00249 0.01229
0 293.0 1295 14.42 198.7 1344 895.6 0.0947 0.01210 2.761
104 7.471
106 3.919 0.553 0.00258 0.01156
5 349.9 1278 17.12 194.8 1358 918.7 0.0925 0.01259 2.589
104 8.264
106 3.802 0.603 0.00269 0.01084
10 414.9 1261 20.22 190.8 1374 943.2 0.0903 0.01308 2.430
104 9.081
106 3.697 0.655 0.00280 0.01014
15 488.7 1244 23.75 186.6 1390 969.4 0.0880 0.01357 2.281
104 9.915
106 3.604 0.708 0.00293 0.00944
20 572.1 1226 27.77 182.3 1408 997.6 0.0856 0.01406 2.142
104 1.075
105 3.521 0.763 0.00307 0.00876
25 665.8 1207 32.34 177.8 1427 1028 0.0833 0.01456 2.012
104 1.160
105 3.448 0.819 0.00324 0.00808
30 770.6 1188 37.53 173.1 1448 1061 0.0808 0.01507 1.888
104 1.244
105 3.383 0.877 0.00342 0.00742
35 887.5 1168 43.41 168.2 1471 1098 0.0783 0.01558 1.772
104 1.327
105 3.328 0.935 0.00364 0.00677
40 1017.1 1147 50.08 163.0 1498 1138 0.0757 0.01610 1.660
104 1.408
105 3.285 0.995 0.00390 0.00613
45 1160.5 1125 57.66 157.6 1529 1184 0.0731 0.01664 1.554
104 1.486
105 3.253 1.058 0.00420 0.00550
50 1318.6 1102 66.27 151.8 1566 1237 0.0704 0.01720 1.453
104 1.562
105 3.231 1.123 0.00455 0.00489
55 1492.3 1078 76.11 145.7 1608 1298 0.0676 0.01777 1.355
104 1.634
105 3.223 1.193 0.00500 0.00429
60 1682.8 1053 87.38 139.1 1659 1372 0.0647 0.01838 1.260
104 1.704
105 3.229 1.272 0.00554 0.00372
65 1891.0 1026 100.4 132.1 1722 1462 0.0618 0.01902 1.167
104 1.771
105 3.255 1.362 0.00624 0.00315
70 2118.2 996.2 115.6 124.4 1801 1577 0.0587 0.01972 1.077
104 1.839
105 3.307 1.471 0.00716 0.00261
75 2365.8 964 133.6 115.9 1907 1731 0.0555 0.02048 9.891
105 1.908
105 3.400 1.612 0.00843 0.00209
80 2635.2 928.2 155.3 106.4 2056 1948 0.0521 0.02133 9.011
105 1.982
105 3.558 1.810 0.01031 0.00160
85 2928.2 887.1 182.3 95.4 2287 2281 0.0484 0.02233 8.124
105 2.071
105 3.837 2.116 0.01336 0.00114
90 3246.9 837.7 217.8 82.2 2701 2865 0.0444 0.02357 7.203
105 2.187
105 4.385 2.658 0.01911 0.00071
95 3594.1 772.5 269.3 64.9 3675 4144 0.0396 0.02544 6.190
105 2.370
105 5.746 3.862 0.03343 0.00033
100 3975.1 651.7 376.3 33.9 7959 8785 0.0322 0.02989 4.765
105 2.833
105 11.77 8.326 0.10047 0.00004
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m/r and a k/rcp n/Pr. The properties listed here (except
the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit kJ/kg · C for specific heat is equivalent to kJ/kg · K, and the unit W/m · C for thermal conductivity is equivalent to W/m · K.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: R. Tillner-Roth and H. D. Baehr, “An International
Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to
70 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994; M.J. Assael, N. K. Dalaouti, A. A. Griva, and J. H. Dymond, “Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of
Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants,” IJR, Vol. 22, pp. 525–535, 1999; NIST REFPROP 6 program (M. O. McLinden, S. A. Klein, E. W. Lemmon,
and A. P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995).
794 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–17
Properties of saturated ammonia
Volume
Specific Thermal Prandtl Expansion
Enthalpy
Density of Heat Conductivity Dynamic Viscosity Number Coefficient Surface
Saturation
Temp. Pressure r, kg/m3 Vaporization cp, J/kg · K k, W/m · K m, kg/m · s Pr b, l/K Tension,
T, C P, kPa Liquid Vapor hfg, kJ/kg Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid N/m
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m/r and a k/rcp n/Pr. The properties listed here
(except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit kJ/kg · C for specific heat is equivalent to kJ/kg · K, and the unit W/m · C for thermal conductivity is equivalent to W/m · K.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Tillner-Roth, Harms-Watzenberg, and Baehr,
“Eine neue Fundamentalgleichung fur Ammoniak,” DKV-Tagungsbericht 20:167–181, 1993; Liley and Desai, “Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants,”
ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 795
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 1 | 793
TABLE A–18
Properties of saturated propane
Volume
Specific Thermal Prandtl Expansion
Enthalpy
Density of Heat Conductivity Dynamic Viscosity Number Coefficient Surface
Saturation
Temp. Pressure r, kg/m3 Vaporization cp, J/kg · K k, W/m · K m, kg/m · s Pr b, l/K Tension,
T, C P, kPa Liquid Vapor hfg, kJ/kg Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid N/m
120 0.4053 664.7 0.01408 498.3 2003 1115 0.1802 0.00589 6.136
104 4.372
106 6.820 0.827 0.00153 0.02630
110 1.157 654.5 0.03776 489.3 2021 1148 0.1738 0.00645 5.054
104 4.625
106 5.878 0.822 0.00157 0.02486
100 2.881 644.2 0.08872 480.4 2044 1183 0.1672 0.00705 4.252
104 4.881
106 5.195 0.819 0.00161 0.02344
90 6.406 633.8 0.1870 471.5 2070 1221 0.1606 0.00769 3.635
104 5.143
106 4.686 0.817 0.00166 0.02202
80 12.97 623.2 0.3602 462.4 2100 1263 0.1539 0.00836 3.149
104 5.409
106 4.297 0.817 0.00171 0.02062
70 24.26 612.5 0.6439 453.1 2134 1308 0.1472 0.00908 2.755
104 5.680
106 3.994 0.818 0.00177 0.01923
60 42.46 601.5 1.081 443.5 2173 1358 0.1407 0.00985 2.430
104 5.956
106 3.755 0.821 0.00184 0.01785
50 70.24 590.3 1.724 433.6 2217 1412 0.1343 0.01067 2.158
104 6.239
106 3.563 0.825 0.00192 0.01649
40 110.7 578.8 2.629 423.1 2258 1471 0.1281 0.01155 1.926
104 6.529
106 3.395 0.831 0.00201 0.01515
30 167.3 567.0 3.864 412.1 2310 1535 0.1221 0.01250 1.726
104 6.827
106 3.266 0.839 0.00213 0.01382
20 243.8 554.7 5.503 400.3 2368 1605 0.1163 0.01351 1.551
104 7.136
106 3.158 0.848 0.00226 0.01251
10 344.4 542.0 7.635 387.8 2433 1682 0.1107 0.01459 1.397
104 7.457
106 3.069 0.860 0.00242 0.01122
0 473.3 528.7 10.36 374.2 2507 1768 0.1054 0.01576 1.259
104 7.794
106 2.996 0.875 0.00262 0.00996
5 549.8 521.8 11.99 367.0 2547 1814 0.1028 0.01637 1.195
104 7.970
106 2.964 0.883 0.00273 0.00934
10 635.1 514.7 13.81 359.5 2590 1864 0.1002 0.01701 1.135
104 8.151
106 2.935 0.893 0.00286 0.00872
15 729.8 507.5 15.85 351.7 2637 1917 0.0977 0.01767 1.077
104 8.339
106 2.909 0.905 0.00301 0.00811
20 834.4 500.0 18.13 343.4 2688 1974 0.0952 0.01836 1.022
104 8.534
106 2.886 0.918 0.00318 0.00751
25 949.7 492.2 20.68 334.8 2742 2036 0.0928 0.01908 9.702
105 8.738
106 2.866 0.933 0.00337 0.00691
30 1076 484.2 23.53 325.8 2802 2104 0.0904 0.01982 9.197
105 8.952
106 2.850 0.950 0.00358 0.00633
35 1215 475.8 26.72 316.2 2869 2179 0.0881 0.02061 8.710
105 9.178
106 2.837 0.971 0.00384 0.00575
40 1366 467.1 30.29 306.1 2943 2264 0.0857 0.02142 8.240
105 9.417
106 2.828 0.995 0.00413 0.00518
45 1530 458.0 34.29 295.3 3026 2361 0.0834 0.02228 7.785
105 9.674
106 2.824 1.025 0.00448 0.00463
50 1708 448.5 38.79 283.9 3122 2473 0.0811 0.02319 7.343
105 9.950
105 2.826 1.061 0.00491 0.00408
60 2110 427.5 49.66 258.4 3283 2769 0.0765 0.02517 6.487
105 1.058
105 2.784 1.164 0.00609 0.00303
70 2580 403.2 64.02 228.0 3595 3241 0.0717 0.02746 5.649
105 1.138
105 2.834 1.343 0.00811 0.00204
80 3127 373.0 84.28 189.7 4501 4173 0.0663 0.03029 4.790
105 1.249
105 3.251 1.722 0.01248 0.00114
90 3769 329.1 118.6 133.2 6977 7239 0.0595 0.03441 3.807
105 1.448
105 4.465 3.047 0.02847 0.00037
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m/r and a k/mcp n/Pr. The properties listed here (except
the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit kJ/kg · C for specific heat is equivalent to kJ/kg · K, and the unit W/m · C for thermal conductivity is equivalent to W/m · K.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Reiner Tillner-Roth, “Fundamental Equations of
State,” Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998; B. A. Younglove and J. F. Ely, “Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal
Butane,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987; G.R. Somayajulu, “A Generalized Equation for Surface Tension from the Triple-Point to the Critical-
Point,” International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1988.
796 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–19
Properties of liquids
Volume
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl Expansion
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number Coeff.
T, C r, kg/m3 cp, J/kg · K k, W/m · K a, m2/s m, kg/m · s n, m2/s Pr b, 1/K
Methane [CH4]
160 420.2 3492 0.1863 1.270
107 1.133
104 2.699
107 2.126 0.00352
150 405.0 3580 0.1703 1.174
107 9.169
105 2.264
107 1.927 0.00391
140 388.8 3700 0.1550 1.077
107 7.551
105 1.942
107 1.803 0.00444
130 371.1 3875 0.1402 9.749
108 6.288
105 1.694
107 1.738 0.00520
120 351.4 4146 0.1258 8.634
108 5.257
105 1.496
107 1.732 0.00637
110 328.8 4611 0.1115 7.356
108 4.377
105 1.331
107 1.810 0.00841
100 301.0 5578 0.0967 5.761
108 3.577
105 1.188
107 2.063 0.01282
90 261.7 8902 0.0797 3.423
108 2.761
105 1.055
107 3.082 0.02922
Methanol [CH3(OH)]
20 788.4 2515 0.1987 1.002
107 5.857
104 7.429
107 7.414 0.00118
30 779.1 2577 0.1980 9.862
108 5.088
104 6.531
107 6.622 0.00120
40 769.6 2644 0.1972 9.690
108 4.460
104 5.795
107 5.980 0.00123
50 760.1 2718 0.1965 9.509
108 3.942
104 5.185
107 5.453 0.00127
60 750.4 2798 0.1957 9.320
108 3.510
104 4.677
107 5.018 0.00132
70 740.4 2885 0.1950 9.128
108 3.146
104 4.250
107 4.655 0.00137
Isobutane (R600a)
100 683.8 1881 0.1383 1.075
107 9.305
104 1.360
106 12.65 0.00142
75 659.3 1970 0.1357 1.044
107 5.624
104 8.531
107 8.167 0.00150
50 634.3 2069 0.1283 9.773
108 3.769
104 5.942
107 6.079 0.00161
25 608.2 2180 0.1181 8.906
108 2.688
104 4.420
107 4.963 0.00177
0 580.6 2306 0.1068 7.974
108 1.993
104 3.432
107 4.304 0.00199
25 550.7 2455 0.0956 7.069
108 1.510
104 2.743
107 3.880 0.00232
50 517.3 2640 0.0851 6.233
108 1.155
104 2.233
107 3.582 0.00286
75 478.5 2896 0.0757 5.460
108 8.785
105 1.836
107 3.363 0.00385
100 429.6 3361 0.0669 4.634
108 6.483
105 1.509
107 3.256 0.00628
Glycerin
0 1276 2262 0.2820 9.773
108 10.49 8.219
103 84,101
5 1273 2288 0.2835 9.732
108 6.730 5.287
103 54,327
10 1270 2320 0.2846 9.662
108 4.241 3.339
103 34,561
15 1267 2354 0.2856 9.576
108 2.496 1.970
103 20,570
20 1264 2386 0.2860 9.484
108 1.519 1.201
103 12,671
25 1261 2416 0.2860 9.388
108 0.9934 7.878
104 8,392
30 1258 2447 0.2860 9.291
108 0.6582 5.232
104 5,631
35 1255 2478 0.2860 9.195
108 0.4347 3.464
104 3,767
40 1252 2513 0.2863 9.101
108 0.3073 2.455
104 2,697
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 797
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 1 | 795
TABLE A–20
Properties of liquid metals
Volume
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl Expansion
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number Coeff.
T, C r, kg/m3 cp, J/kg · K k, W/m · K a, m2/s m, kg/m · s n, m2/s Pr b, 1/K
Mercury (Hg) Melting Point: 39C
0 13595 140.4 8.18200 4.287
106 1.687
103 1.241
107 0.0289 1.810
104
25 13534 139.4 8.51533 4.514
106 1.534
103 1.133
107 0.0251 1.810
104
50 13473 138.6 8.83632 4.734
106 1.423
103 1.056
107 0.0223 1.810
104
75 13412 137.8 9.15632 4.956
106 1.316
103 9.819
108 0.0198 1.810
104
100 13351 137.1 9.46706 5.170
106 1.245
103 9.326
108 0.0180 1.810
104
150 13231 136.1 10.07780 5.595
106 1.126
103 8.514
108 0.0152 1.810
104
200 13112 135.5 10.65465 5.996
106 1.043
103 7.959
108 0.0133 1.815
104
250 12993 135.3 11.18150 6.363
106 9.820
104 7.558
108 0.0119 1.829
104
300 12873 135.3 11.68150 6.705
106 9.336
104 7.252
108 0.0108 1.854
104
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
798 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
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TABLE A–21
Ideal-gas properties of air
T h u s° T h u s°
K kJ/kg Pr kJ/kg vr kJ/kg · K K kJ/kg Pr kJ/kg vr kJ/kg · K
200 199.97 0.3363 142.56 1707.0 1.29559 580 586.04 14.38 419.55 115.7 2.37348
210 209.97 0.3987 149.69 1512.0 1.34444 590 596.52 15.31 427.15 110.6 2.39140
220 219.97 0.4690 156.82 1346.0 1.39105 600 607.02 16.28 434.78 105.8 2.40902
230 230.02 0.5477 164.00 1205.0 1.43557 610 617.53 17.30 442.42 101.2 2.42644
240 240.02 0.6355 171.13 1084.0 1.47824 620 628.07 18.36 450.09 96.92 2.44356
250 250.05 0.7329 178.28 979.0 1.51917 630 638.63 19.84 457.78 92.84 2.46048
260 260.09 0.8405 185.45 887.8 1.55848 640 649.22 20.64 465.50 88.99 2.47716
270 270.11 0.9590 192.60 808.0 1.59634 650 659.84 21.86 473.25 85.34 2.49364
280 280.13 1.0889 199.75 738.0 1.63279 660 670.47 23.13 481.01 81.89 2.50985
285 285.14 1.1584 203.33 706.1 1.65055 670 681.14 24.46 488.81 78.61 2.52589
290 290.16 1.2311 206.91 676.1 1.66802 680 691.82 25.85 496.62 75.50 2.54175
295 295.17 1.3068 210.49 647.9 1.68515 690 702.52 27.29 504.45 72.56 2.55731
298 298.18 1.3543 212.64 631.9 1.69528 700 713.27 28.80 512.33 69.76 2.57277
300 300.19 1.3860 214.07 621.2 1.70203 710 724.04 30.38 520.23 67.07 2.58810
305 305.22 1.4686 217.67 596.0 1.71865 720 734.82 32.02 528.14 64.53 2.60319
310 310.24 1.5546 221.25 572.3 1.73498 730 745.62 33.72 536.07 62.13 2.61803
315 315.27 1.6442 224.85 549.8 1.75106 740 756.44 35.50 544.02 59.82 2.63280
320 320.29 1.7375 228.42 528.6 1.76690 750 767.29 37.35 551.99 57.63 2.64737
325 325.31 1.8345 232.02 508.4 1.78249 760 778.18 39.27 560.01 55.54 2.66176
330 330.34 1.9352 235.61 489.4 1.79783 780 800.03 43.35 576.12 51.64 2.69013
340 340.42 2.149 242.82 454.1 1.82790 800 821.95 47.75 592.30 48.08 2.71787
350 350.49 2.379 250.02 422.2 1.85708 820 843.98 52.59 608.59 44.84 2.74504
360 360.58 2.626 257.24 393.4 1.88543 840 866.08 57.60 624.95 41.85 2.77170
370 370.67 2.892 264.46 367.2 1.91313 860 888.27 63.09 641.40 39.12 2.79783
380 380.77 3.176 271.69 343.4 1.94001 880 910.56 68.98 657.95 36.61 2.82344
390 390.88 3.481 278.93 321.5 1.96633 900 932.93 75.29 674.58 34.31 2.84856
400 400.98 3.806 286.16 301.6 1.99194 920 955.38 82.05 691.28 32.18 2.87324
410 411.12 4.153 293.43 283.3 2.01699 940 977.92 89.28 708.08 30.22 2.89748
420 421.26 4.522 300.69 266.6 2.04142 960 1000.55 97.00 725.02 28.40 2.92128
430 431.43 4.915 307.99 251.1 2.06533 980 1023.25 105.2 741.98 26.73 2.94468
440 441.61 5.332 315.30 236.8 2.08870 1000 1046.04 114.0 758.94 25.17 2.96770
450 451.80 5.775 322.62 223.6 2.11161 1020 1068.89 123.4 776.10 23.72 2.99034
460 462.02 6.245 329.97 211.4 2.13407 1040 1091.85 133.3 793.36 23.29 3.01260
470 472.24 6.742 337.32 200.1 2.15604 1060 1114.86 143.9 810.62 21.14 3.03449
480 482.49 7.268 344.70 189.5 2.17760 1080 1137.89 155.2 827.88 19.98 3.05608
490 492.74 7.824 352.08 179.7 2.19876 1100 1161.07 167.1 845.33 18.896 3.07732
500 503.02 8.411 359.49 170.6 2.21952 1120 1184.28 179.7 862.79 17.886 3.09825
510 513.32 9.031 366.92 162.1 2.23993 1140 1207.57 193.1 880.35 16.946 3.11883
520 523.63 9.684 374.36 154.1 2.25997 1160 1230.92 207.2 897.91 16.064 3.13916
530 533.98 10.37 381.84 146.7 2.27967 1180 1254.34 222.2 915.57 15.241 3.15916
540 544.35 11.10 389.34 139.7 2.29906 1200 1277.79 238.0 933.33 14.470 3.17888
550 555.74 11.86 396.86 133.1 2.31809 1220 1301.31 254.7 951.09 13.747 3.19834
560 565.17 12.66 404.42 127.0 2.33685 1240 1324.93 272.3 968.95 13.069 3.21751
570 575.59 13.50 411.97 121.2 2.35531
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 799
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Appendix 1 | 797
TABLE A–21
Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded)
T h u s° T h u s°
K kJ/kg Pr kJ/kg vr kJ/kg · K K kJ/kg Pr kJ/kg vr kJ/kg · K
1260 1348.55 290.8 986.90 12.435 3.23638 1600 1757.57 791.2 1298.30 5.804 3.52364
1280 1372.24 310.4 1004.76 11.835 3.25510 1620 1782.00 834.1 1316.96 5.574 3.53879
1300 1395.97 330.9 1022.82 11.275 3.27345 1640 1806.46 878.9 1335.72 5.355 3.55381
1320 1419.76 352.5 1040.88 10.747 3.29160 1660 1830.96 925.6 1354.48 5.147 3.56867
1340 1443.60 375.3 1058.94 10.247 3.30959 1680 1855.50 974.2 1373.24 4.949 3.58335
1360 1467.49 399.1 1077.10 9.780 3.32724 1700 1880.1 1025 1392.7 4.761 3.5979
1380 1491.44 424.2 1095.26 9.337 3.34474 1750 1941.6 1161 1439.8 4.328 3.6336
1400 1515.42 450.5 1113.52 8.919 3.36200 1800 2003.3 1310 1487.2 3.994 3.6684
1420 1539.44 478.0 1131.77 8.526 3.37901 1850 2065.3 1475 1534.9 3.601 3.7023
1440 1563.51 506.9 1150.13 8.153 3.39586 1900 2127.4 1655 1582.6 3.295 3.7354
1460 1587.63 537.1 1168.49 7.801 3.41247 1950 2189.7 1852 1630.6 3.022 3.7677
1480 1611.79 568.8 1186.95 7.468 3.42892 2000 2252.1 2068 1678.7 2.776 3.7994
1500 1635.97 601.9 1205.41 7.152 3.44516 2050 2314.6 2303 1726.8 2.555 3.8303
1520 1660.23 636.5 1223.87 6.854 3.46120 2100 2377.7 2559 1775.3 2.356 3.8605
1540 1684.51 672.8 1242.43 6.569 3.47712 2150 2440.3 2837 1823.8 2.175 3.8901
1560 1708.82 710.5 1260.99 6.301 3.49276 2200 2503.2 3138 1872.4 2.012 3.9191
1580 1733.17 750.0 1279.65 6.046 3.50829 2250 2566.4 3464 1921.3 1.864 3.9474
Note: The properties Pr (relative pressure) and vr (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and
should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume.
Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 785–86, table A–5. Originally published in J. H. Keenan and
J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948).
800 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
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TABLE A–22
Properties of air at 1 atm pressure
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, C r, kg/m3 cp, J / kg · K k, W/m · K a, m2/s m, kg/m · s n, m2 /s Pr
Note: For ideal gases, the properties cp, k, m, and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r, n, and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are
determined by multiplying the values of r at the given temperature by P and by dividing n and a by P.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 1984;
and Thermophysical Properties of Matter. Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity, Y. S. Touloukian, P. E. Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 11: Viscosity, Y. S. Touloukian, S. C.
Saxena, and P. Hestermans, IFI/Plenun, NY, 1970, ISBN 0-306067020-8.
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 801
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TABLE A–23
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, C r, kg/m3 cp, J / kg · K k, W/m · K a, m2/s m, kg/m · s n, m2 / s Pr
Carbon Monoxide, CO
Methane, CH4
Hydrogen, H2
(Continued)
802 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
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TABLE A–23
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure (Concluded)
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, C r, kg/m3 cp, J / kg · K k, W/m · K a, m2 /s m, kg /m · s n, m2 /s Pr
Nitrogen, N2
Oxygen, O2
Note: For ideal gases, the properties cp, k, m, and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r, n, and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are
determined by multiplying the values of p at the given temperature by r and by dividing n and a by P.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
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Appendix 1 | 801
TABLE A–24
Properties of solid metals
Properties at Various Temperatures (K),
Melting Properties at 300 K k(W/m · K)/cp (J/kg · K)
Point, r cp k a
106
Composition K kg/m3 J/kg · K W/m · K m2 /s 100 200 400 600 800 1000
Aluminum:
Pure 933 2702 903 237 97.1 302 237 240 231 218
482 798 949 1033 1146
Alloy 2024-T6 775 2770 875 177 73.0 65 163 186 186
(4.5% Cu, 1.5% Mg,
0.6% Mn) 473 787 925 1042
Alloy 195, Cast
(4.5% Cu) 2790 883 168 68.2 174 185
Beryllium 1550 1850 1825 200 59.2 990 301 161 126 106 90.8
203 1114 2191 2604 2823 3018
Bismuth 545 9780 122 7.86 6.59 16.5 9.69 7.04
112 120 127
Boron 2573 2500 1107 27.0 9.76 190 55.5 16.8 10.6 9.60 9.85
128 600 1463 1892 2160 2338
Cadmium 594 8650 231 96.8 48.4 203 99.3 94.7
198 222 242
Chromium 2118 7160 449 93.7 29.1 159 111 90.9 80.7 71.3 65.4
192 384 484 542 581 616
Cobalt 1769 8862 421 99.2 26.6 167 122 85.4 67.4 58.2 52.1
236 379 450 503 550 628
Copper:
Pure 1358 8933 385 401 117 482 413 393 379 366 352
252 356 397 417 433 451
Commercial bronze 1293 8800 420 52 14 42 52 59
(90% Cu, 10% Al) 785 160 545
Phosphor gear bronze 1104 8780 355 54 17 41 65 74
(89% Cu, 11% Sn) — — —
Cartridge brass 1188 8530 380 110 33.9 75 95 137 149
(70% Cu, 30% Zn) 360 395 425
Constantan 1493 8920 384 23 6.71 17 19
(55% Cu, 45% Ni) 237 362
Germanium 1211 5360 322 59.9 34.7 232 96.8 43.2 27.3 19.8 17.4
190 290 337 348 357 375
Gold 1336 19,300 129 317 127 327 323 311 298 284 270
109 124 131 135 140 145
Iridium 2720 22,500 130 147 50.3 172 153 144 138 132 126
90 122 133 138 144 153
Iron:
Pure 1810 7870 447 80.2 23.1 134 94.0 69.5 54.7 43.3 32.8
216 384 490 574 680 975
Armco
(99.75% pure) 7870 447 72.7 20.7 95.6 80.6 65.7 53.1 42.2 32.3
215 384 490 574 680 975
Carbon steels:
Plain carbon (Mn 1% 7854 434 60.5 17.7 56.7 48.0 39.2 30.0
Si 0.1%) 487 559 685 1169
AISI 1010 7832 434 63.9 18.8 58.7 48.8 39.2 31.3
487 559 685 1168
Carbon–silicon (Mn 1% 7817 446 51.9 14.9 49.8 44.0 37.4 29.3
0.1% Si 0.6%) 501 582 699 971
(Continued)
804 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
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Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–24
Properties of solid metals (Continued)
Properties at Various Temperatures (K),
Melting Properties at 300 K k(W/m · K)/cp(J/kg · K)
Point, r cp k a
106
Composition K kg/m3 J / kg · K W/m · K m2 /s 100 200 400 600 800 1000
Carbon–manganese–silicon 8131 434 41.0 11.6 42.2 39.7 35.0 27.6
(1% Mn 1.65% 487 559 685 1090
0.1% Si 0.6%)
Chromium (low) steels:
1 Cr– 1 Mo–Si (0.18% C, 7822 444 37.7 10.9 38.2 36.7 33.3 26.9
2 4
0.65% Cr, 0.23% Mo,
0.6% Si) 492 575 688 969
1 Cr– 12 Mo 7858 442 42.3 12.2 42.0 39.1 34.5 27.4
(0.16% C, 1% Cr,
0.54% Mo,
0.39% Si) 492 575 688 969
1 Cr–V 7836 443 48.9 14.1 46.8 42.1 36.3 28.2
(0.2% C, 1.02% Cr,
0.15% V) 492 575 688 969
Stainless steels:
AISI 302 8055 480 15.1 3.91 17.3 20.0 22.8 25.4
512 559 585 606
AISI 304 1670 7900 477 14.9 3.95 9.2 12.6 16.6 19.8 22.6 25.4
272 402 515 557 582 611
AISI 316 8238 468 13.4 3.48 15.2 18.3 21.3 24.2
504 550 576 602
AISI 347 7978 480 14.2 3.71 15.8 18.9 21.9 24.7
513 559 585 606
Lead 601 11,340 129 35.3 24.1 39.7 36.7 34.0 31.4
118 125 132 142
Magnesium 923 1740 1024 156 87.6 169 159 153 149 146
649 934 1074 1170 1267
Molybdenum 2894 10,240 251 138 53.7 179 143 134 126 118 112
141 224 261 275 285 295
Nickel:
Pure 1728 8900 444 90.7 23.0 164 107 80.2 65.6 67.6 71.8
232 383 485 592 530 562
Nichrome 1672 8400 420 12 3.4 14 16 21
(80% Ni, 20% Cr) 480 525 545
Inconel X-750 1665 8510 439 11.7 3.1 8.7 10.3 13.5 17.0 20.5 24.0
(73% Ni, 15% Cr,
6.7% Fe) — 372 473 510 546 626
Niobium 2741 8570 265 53.7 23.6 55.2 52.6 55.2 58.2 61.3 64.4
188 249 274 283 292 301
Palladium 1827 12,020 244 71.8 24.5 76.5 71.6 73.6 79.7 86.9 94.2
168 227 251 261 271 281
Platinum:
Pure 2045 21,450 133 71.6 25.1 77.5 72.6 71.8 73.2 75.6 78.7
100 125 136 141 146 152
Alloy 60Pt–40Rh 1800 16,630 162 47 17.4 52 59 65 69
(60% Pt, 40% Rh) — — — —
Rhenium 3453 21,100 136 47.9 16.7 58.9 51.0 46.1 44.2 44.1 44.6
97 127 139 145 151 156
Rhodium 2236 12,450 243 150 49.6 186 154 146 136 127 121
147 220 253 274 293 311
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 805
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Appendix 1 | 803
TABLE A–24
Properties of solid metals (Concluded)
Properties at Various Temperatures (K),
Melting Properties at 300 K k(W/m · K)/cp (J/kg · K)
Point, r cp k a
106
Composition K kg/m3 J / kg · K W/m · K m2 /s 100 200 400 600 800 1000
Silicon 1685 2330 712 148 89.2 884 264 98.9 61.9 42.4 31.2
259 556 790 867 913 946
Silver 1235 10,500 235 429 174 444 430 425 412 396 379
187 225 239 250 262 277
Tantalum 3269 16,600 140 57.5 24.7 59.2 57.5 57.8 58.6 59.4 60.2
110 133 144 146 149 152
Thorium 2023 11,700 118 54.0 39.1 59.8 54.6 54.5 55.8 56.9 56.9
99 112 124 134 145 156
Tin 505 7310 227 66.6 40.1 85.2 73.3 62.2
188 215 243
Titanium 1953 4500 522 21.9 9.32 30.5 24.5 20.4 19.4 19.7 20.7
300 465 551 591 633 675
Tungsten 3660 19,300 132 174 68.3 208 186 159 137 125 118
87 122 137 142 146 148
Uranium 1406 19,070 116 27.6 12.5 21.7 25.1 29.6 34.0 38.8 43.9
94 108 125 146 176 180
Vanadium 2192 6100 489 30.7 10.3 35.8 31.3 31.3 33.3 35.7 38.2
258 430 515 540 563 597
Zinc 693 7140 389 116 41.8 117 118 111 103
297 367 402 436
Zirconium 2125 6570 278 22.7 12.4 33.2 25.2 21.6 20.7 21.6 23.7
205 264 300 332 342 362
From Frank P. Incropera and David P. DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., 1990. This material is used by permission of John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
806 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
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TABLE A–25
Properties of solid non-metals
Aluminum oxide, 2323 3970 765 46 15.1 450 82 32.4 18.9 13.0 10.5
sapphire — — 940 1110 1180 1225
Aluminum oxide, 2323 3970 765 36.0 11.9 133 55 26.4 15.8 10.4 7.85
polycrystalline — — 940 1110 1180 1225
Beryllium oxide 2725 3000 1030 272 88.0 196 111 70 47
1350 1690 1865 1975
Boron 2573 2500 1105 27.6 9.99 190 52.5 18.7 11.3 8.1 6.3
— — 1490 1880 2135 2350
Boron fiber epoxy 590 2080
(30% vol.) composite
k, || to fibers 2.29 2.10 2.23 2.28
k, ⬜ to fibers 0.59 0.37 0.49 0.60
cp 1122 364 757 1431
Carbon
Amorphous 1500 1950 — 1.60 — 0.67 1.18 1.89 21.9 2.37 2.53
— — — — — —
Diamond,
type lla — 3500 509 2300 10,000 4000 1540
insulator 21 194 853
Graphite, pyrolytic 2273 2210
k, || to layers 1950 4970 3230 1390 892 667 534
k, ⬜ to layers 5.70 16.8 9.23 4.09 2.68 2.01 1.60
cp 709 136 411 992 1406 1650 1793
Graphite fiber 450 1400
epoxy (25% vol.)
composite
k, heat flow || to fibers 11.1 5.7 8.7 13.0
k, heat flow ⬜ to fibers 0.87 0.46 0.68 1.1
cp 935 337 642 1216
Pyroceram, 1623 2600 808 3.98 1.89 5.25 4.78 3.64 3.28 3.08 2.96
Corning 9606 — — 908 1038 1122 1197
Silicon carbide 3100 3160 675 490 230 — — — 87
880 1050 1135 1195
Silicon dioxide, 1883 2650
crystalline (quartz)
k, || to c-axis 10.4 39 16.4 7.6 5.0 4.2
k,⬜ to c-axis 6.21 20.8 9.5 4.70 3.4 3.1
cp 745 — — 885 1075 1250
Silicon dioxide, 1883 2220 745 1.38 0.834 0.69 1.14 1.51 1.75 2.17 2.87
polycrystalline
(fused silica) — — 905 1040 1105 1155
Silicon nitride 2173 2400 691 16.0 9.65 — — 13.9 11.3 9.88 8.76
— 578 778 937 1063 1155
Sulfur 392 2070 708 0.206 0.141 0.165 0.185
403 606
Thorium dioxide 3573 9110 235 13 6.1 10.2 6.6 4.7 3.68
255 274 285 295
Titanium dioxide, 2133 4157 710 8.4 2.8 7.01 5.02 8.94 3.46
polycrystalline 805 880 910 930
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill 807
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Appendix 1 | 805
TABLE A–26
Emissivities of surfaces
(a) Metals
Temperature, Emissivity, Temperature, Emissivity,
Material K e Material K e
Aluminum Magnesium, polished 300–500 0.07–0.13
Polished 300–900 0.04–0.06 Mercury 300–400 0.09–0.12
Commercial sheet 400 0.09 Molybdenum
Heavily oxidized 400–800 0.20–0.33 Polished 300–2000 0.05–0.21
Anodized 300 0.8 Oxidized 600–800 0.80–0.82
Bismuth, bright 350 0.34 Nickel
Brass Polished 500–1200 0.07–0.17
Highly polished 500–650 0.03–0.04 Oxidized 450–1000 0.37–0.57
Polished 350 0.09 Platinum, polished 500–1500 0.06–0.18
Dull plate 300–600 0.22 Silver, polished 300–1000 0.02–0.07
Oxidized 450–800 0.6 Stainless steel
Chromium, polished 300–1400 0.08–0.40 Polished 300–1000 0.17–0.30
Copper Lightly oxidized 600–1000 0.30–0.40
Highly polished 300 0.02 Highly oxidized 600–1000 0.70–0.80
Polished 300–500 0.04–0.05 Steel
Commercial sheet 300 0.15 Polished sheet 300–500 0.08–0.14
Oxidized 600–1000 0.5–0.8 Commercial sheet 500–1200 0.20–0.32
Black oxidized 300 0.78 Heavily oxidized 300 0.81
Gold Tin, polished 300 0.05
Highly polished 300–1000 0.03–0.06 Tungsten
Bright foil 300 0.07 Polished 300–2500 0.03–0.29
Iron Filament 3500 0.39
Highly polished 300–500 0.05–0.07 Zinc
Case iron 300 0.44 Polished 300–800 0.02–0.05
Wrought iron 300–500 0.28 Oxidized 300 0.25
Rusted 300 0.61
Oxidized 500–900 0.64–0.78
Lead
Polished 300–500 0.06–0.08
Unoxidized, rough 300 0.43
Oxidized 300 0.63
808 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
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TABLE A–26
Emissivities of surfaces (Concluded)
(b) Nonmetals
Temperature, Emissivity, Temperature, Emissivity,
Material K e Material K e
Alumina 800–1400 0.65–0.45 Paper, white 300 0.90
Aluminum oxide 600–1500 0.69–0.41 Plaster, white 300 0.93
Asbestos 300 0.96 Porcelain, glazed 300 0.92
Asphalt pavement 300 0.85–0.93 Quartz, rough, fused 300 0.93
Brick Rubber
Common 300 0.93–0.96 Hard 300 0.93
Fireclay 1200 0.75 Soft 300 0.86
Carbon filament 2000 0.53 Sand 300 0.90
Cloth 300 0.75–0.90 Silicon carbide 600–1500 0.87–0.85
Concrete 300 0.88–0.94 Skin, human 300 0.95
Glass Snow 273 0.80–0.90
Window 300 0.90–0.95 Soil, earth 300 0.93–0.96
Pyrex 300–1200 0.82–0.62 Soot 300–500 0.95
Pyroceram 300–1500 0.85–0.57 Teflon 300–500 0.85–0.92
Ice 273 0.95–0.99 Water, deep 273–373 0.95–0.96
Magnesium oxide 400–800 0.69–0.55 Wood
Masonry 300 0.80 Beech 300 0.94
Paints Oak 300 0.90
Aluminum 300 0.40–0.50
Black, lacquer, shiny 300 0.88
Oils, all colors 300 0.92–0.96
Red primer 300 0.93
White acrylic 300 0.90
White enamel 300 0.90
0.1
0.09 Laminar Transitional Turbulent
Back Matter
Lam
0.015
inar
0.04
Darcy friction factor, f
0.01
flow,
0.03
0.004
4/Re
Units)
Tables and Charts (SI
Appendix 1: Property
0.025
0.002
0.02 0.001
Roughness, e 0.0008
0.0006
Material ft mm
0.0004
0.015 Glass, plastic 0 0
Concrete 0.003–0.03 0.9–9
Wood stave 0.0016 0.5 Smooth pipes 0.0002
Rubber, smoothed 0.000033 0.01
e/D = 0
Copper or brass tubing 0.000005 0.0015 0.0001
Cast iron 0.00085 0.26
0.01 Galvanized iron 0.0005 0.15 0.00005
Wrought iron 0.00015 0.046 e/D = 0.000005
0.009 Stainless steel 0.000007 0.002
Commercial steel 0.00015 0.045 e/D = 0.000001
0.00001
Companies, 2008
© The McGraw−Hill
0.008 3 4 5 6 7
103 2(10 ) 3 4 5 6 8 104 2(10 ) 3 4 5 6 8 105 2(10 ) 3 4 5 6 8 106 2(10 ) 3 4 5 6 8 107 2(10 ) 3 4 5 6 8 108
Appendix 1
Reynolds number, Re
FIGURE A–27
L V2
The Moody chart for the friction factor for fully developed flow in circular pipes for use in the head loss relation h L f . Friction factors in the
|
D 2g
2 log10 a b.
1 e/D 2.51
809
turbulent flow are evaluated from the Colebrook equation
1f 3.7 Re 1f
807
810 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 1: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (SI Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Tr = 5.00
3.00
1.0
8.00 .00 2.00
6 5.00
4.00 3.50
0.6
0.
3.00
0.6
1.60
7 .07
2.60 2.40 .20
2
0.9
0. 2.00 1.40
8 1.80 1.30
1.60 .50
1
0.8
5 1.40
1.30 1.20
0.8 0.9 1.20 1.15
0 1.10
1.00
COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR, Z = —–
RT
Pv
1.10
NOTE Tr = 2.5 Z ≈1.00 0.90
0.7 Tr = 15 ≈ Tr = 3.00 0 .9
0.80
---DEVIATION > 1.0% 1.0
5
0.07
NELSON — OBERT vr=
0.6 GENERALIZED 1.00 2.00 T
1.60
r
=
1.40
COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS
1.0
1.20
1.10
30 1.05
P 1.00
REDUCED PRESSURE, Pr = —– 20 0.95
0.5 P cr CHART Z 0.95 0.90
T
0.6
0.6
REDUCED TEMPERATURE, Tr = —– NO. 15 0.85
Tcr
v 1 12 10
0.80
PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, vr = —–
0.7
vr
0
RTcr / Pcr
0.4 0.90 0.75
0.00 0.05 0.10
1953 Pr
0.3
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
10 3.50
Tr = 5.00
2.50
00
00 2.00
35.
00 40
00 60 1 .
1.80
3.
1.
2.
0
90 .20 1.0
1 0 80 7 0 1.60
.9 0. 0. 0
0.6 . 50
0
=0 1.50
80 v r 0.45
0
0.4 1.40
5
0.3
0
70 0.3
1.30 0.25
.20
60 =0
vr
1.20
50 NELSON — OBERT
1.15 GENERALIZED
COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS
P
40 1.10 REDUCED PRESSURE, Pr = —–
Pcr CHART
T
REDUCED TEMPERATURE, Tr = —– No.
Tcr
v 2
1.05 PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, vr = —–
RTcr / Pcr
30
1953
Tr = 1.00
20
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
REDUCED PRESSURE, Pr
FIGURE A–28
Nelson–Obert generalized compressibility chart.
Used with permission of Dr. Edward E. Obert, University of Wisconsin.
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill 811
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 2
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (ENGLISH UNITS)
Table A–1E Molar mass, gas constant, and Table A–13E Superheated refrigerant-134a 830
critical-point properties 810 Figure A–14E P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a 832
Table A–2E Ideal-gas specific heats of various Table A–15E Properties of saturated water 833
common gases 811
Table A–16E Properties of saturated
Table A–3E Properties of common liquids, solids, refrigerant-134a 834
and foods 814
Table A–17E Properties of saturated ammonia 835
Table A–4E Saturated water—Temperature
Table A–18E Properties of saturated propane 836
table 816
Table A–19E Properties of liquids 837
Table A–5E Saturated water—Pressure table 818
Table A–20E Properties of liquid metals 838
Table A–6E Superheated water 820
Table A–21E Ideal-gas properties of air 839
Table A–7E Compressed liquid water 824
Table A–22E Properties of air at 1 atm
Table A–8E Saturated ice—water vapor 825
pressure 841
Figure A–9E T-s diagram for water 826
Table A–23E Properties of gases at 1 atm
Figure A–10E Mollier diagram for water 827 pressure 842
Table A–11E Saturated refrigerant-134a— Table A–24E Properties of solid metals 844
Temperature table 828
Table A–25E Properties of solid non-metals 846
Table A–12E Saturated refrigerant-134a—
Pressure table 829
| 809
812 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
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Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–1E
Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties
Gas constant, R Critical-point properties
Molar
mass, M Btu/ psia · ft3/ Temperature, Pressure, Volume,
Substance Formula lbm/lbmol lbm · R* lbm · R* R psia ft3/lbmol
Air — 28.97 0.06855 0.3704 238.5 547 1.41
Ammonia NH3 17.03 0.1166 0.6301 729.8 1636 1.16
Argon Ar 39.948 0.04971 0.2686 272 705 1.20
Benzene C6H6 78.115 0.02542 0.1374 1012 714 4.17
Bromine Br2 159.808 0.01243 0.06714 1052 1500 2.17
n-Butane C4H10 58.124 0.03417 0.1846 765.2 551 4.08
Carbon dioxide CO2 44.01 0.04513 0.2438 547.5 1071 1.51
Carbon monoxide CO 28.011 0.07090 0.3831 240 507 1.49
Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 153.82 0.01291 0.06976 1001.5 661 4.42
Chlorine Cl2 70.906 0.02801 0.1517 751 1120 1.99
Chloroform CHCl3 119.38 0.01664 0.08988 965.8 794 3.85
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) CCl2F2 120.91 0.01643 0.08874 692.4 582 3.49
Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21) CHCl2F 102.92 0.01930 0.1043 813.0 749 3.16
Ethane C2H6 30.020 0.06616 0.3574 549.8 708 2.37
Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH 46.07 0.04311 0.2329 929.0 926 2.68
Ethylene C2H4 28.054 0.07079 0.3825 508.3 742 1.99
Helium He 4.003 0.4961 2.6809 9.5 33.2 0.926
n-Hexane C6H14 86.178 0.02305 0.1245 914.2 439 5.89
Hydrogen (normal) H2 2.016 0.9851 5.3224 59.9 188.1 1.04
Krypton Kr 83.80 0.02370 0.1280 376.9 798 1.48
Methane CH4 16.043 0.1238 0.6688 343.9 673 1.59
Methyl alcohol CH3OH 32.042 0.06198 0.3349 923.7 1154 1.89
Methyl chloride CH3Cl 50.488 0.03934 0.2125 749.3 968 2.29
Neon Ne 20.183 0.09840 0.5316 80.1 395 0.668
Nitrogen N2 28.013 0.07090 0.3830 227.1 492 1.44
Nitrous oxide N2O 44.013 0.04512 0.2438 557.4 1054 1.54
Oxygen O2 31.999 0.06206 0.3353 278.6 736 1.25
Propane C3H8 44.097 0.04504 0.2433 665.9 617 3.20
Propylene C3H6 42.081 0.04719 0.2550 656.9 670 2.90
Sulfur dioxide SO2 64.063 0.03100 1.1675 775.2 1143 1.95
Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) CF3CH2F 102.03 0.01946 0.1052 673.6 588.7 3.19
Trichlorofluoromethane (R-11) CCl3F 137.37 0.01446 0.07811 848.1 635 3.97
Water H2O 18.015 0.1102 0.5956 1164.8 3200 0.90
Xenon Xe 131.30 0.01513 0.08172 521.55 852 1.90
*Calculated from R Ru /M, where Ru 1.98588 Btu/lbmol · R 10.7316 psia · ft3/lbmol · R and M is the molar mass.
Source: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117–236, and ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 and 36.1.
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill 813
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Appendix 2 | 811
TABLE A–2E
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases
(a) At 80°F
Gas constant, R cp cv
Gas Formula Btu/lbm · R Btu/lbm · R Btu/lbm · R k
Air — 0.06855 0.240 0.171 1.400
Argon Ar 0.04971 0.1253 0.0756 1.667
Butane C4H10 0.03424 0.415 0.381 1.09
Carbon dioxide CO2 0.04513 0.203 0.158 1.285
Carbon monoxide CO 0.07090 0.249 0.178 1.399
Ethane C2H6 0.06616 0.427 0.361 1.183
Ethylene C2H4 0.07079 0.411 0.340 1.208
Helium He 0.4961 1.25 0.753 1.667
Hydrogen H2 0.9851 3.43 2.44 1.404
Methane CH4 0.1238 0.532 0.403 1.32
Neon Ne 0.09840 0.246 0.1477 1.667
Nitrogen N2 0.07090 0.248 0.177 1.400
Octane C8H18 0.01742 0.409 0.392 1.044
Oxygen O2 0.06206 0.219 0.157 1.395
Propane C3H8 0.04504 0.407 0.362 1.124
Steam H2O 0.1102 0.445 0.335 1.329
Source: Gordon J. Van Wylen and Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, English/SI Version, 3rd ed.
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986), p. 687, Table A–8E.
814 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
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Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–2E
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued)
(b) At various temperatures
Temp., cp cv cp cv cp cv
°F Btu/lbm · R Btu/lbm · R k Btu/lbm · R Btu/lbm · R k Btu/lbm · R Btu/lbm · R k
Air Carbon dioxide, C02 Carbon monoxide, CO
40 0.240 0.171 1.401 0.195 0.150 1.300 0.248 0.177 1.400
100 0.240 0.172 1.400 0.205 0.160 1.283 0.249 0.178 1.399
200 0.241 0.173 1.397 0.217 0.172 1.262 0.249 0.179 1.397
300 0.243 0.174 1.394 0.229 0.184 1.246 0.251 0.180 1.394
400 0.245 0.176 1.389 0.239 0.193 1.233 0.253 0.182 1.389
500 0.248 0.179 1.383 0.247 0.202 1.223 0.256 0.185 1.384
600 0.250 0.182 1.377 0.255 0.210 1.215 0.259 0.188 1.377
700 0.254 0.185 1.371 0.262 0.217 1.208 0.262 0.191 1.371
800 0.257 0.188 1.365 0.269 0.224 1.202 0.266 0.195 1.364
900 0.259 0.191 1.358 0.275 0.230 1.197 0.269 0.198 1.357
1000 0.263 0.195 1.353 0.280 0.235 1.192 0.273 0.202 1.351
1500 0.276 0.208 1.330 0.298 0.253 1.178 0.287 0.216 1.328
2000 0.286 0.217 1.312 0.312 0.267 1.169 0.297 0.226 1.314
Hydrogen, H2 Nitrogen, N2 Oxygen, O2
40 3.397 2.412 1.409 0.248 0.177 1.400 0.219 0.156 1.397
100 3.426 2.441 1.404 0.248 0.178 1.399 0.220 0.158 1.394
200 3.451 2.466 1.399 0.249 0.178 1.398 0.223 0.161 1.387
300 3.461 2.476 1.398 0.250 0.179 1.396 0.226 0.164 1.378
400 3.466 2.480 1.397 0.251 0.180 1.393 0.230 0.168 1.368
500 3.469 2.484 1.397 0.254 0.183 1.388 0.235 0.173 1.360
600 3.473 2.488 1.396 0.256 0.185 1.383 0.239 0.177 1.352
700 3.477 2.492 1.395 0.260 0.189 1.377 0.242 0.181 1.344
800 3.494 2.509 1.393 0.262 0.191 1.371 0.246 0.184 1.337
900 3.502 2.519 1.392 0.265 0.194 1.364 0.249 0.187 1.331
1000 3.513 2.528 1.390 0.269 0.198 1.359 0.252 0.190 1.326
1500 3.618 2.633 1.374 0.283 0.212 1.334 0.263 0.201 1.309
2000 3.758 2.773 1.355 0.293 0.222 1.319 0.270 0.208 1.298
Appendix 2 | 813
TABLE A–2E
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded)
(c) As a function of temperature
cp a bT cT 2 dT 3
(T in R, cp in Btu/lbmol · R)
% error
Temperature
Substance Formula a b c d range, R Max. Avg.
Source: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3/E by Kyle, B. G., © 2000. Adapted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
816 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–3E
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Continued)
(a) Liquids
Boiling data at 1 atm Freezing data Liquid properties
Normal Latent heat of Latent heat Specific
boiling vaporization, Freezing of fusion, Temperature, Density, heat, cp
Substance point, °F hfg Btu/lbm point, °F hif Btu/lbm °F r lbm/ft3 Btu/lbm · R
*Sublimation temperature. (At pressures below the triple-point pressure of 75.1 psia, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing-point
temperature of carbon dioxide is the triple-point temperature of 69.8°F.)
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill 817
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Appendix 2 | 815
TABLE A–3E
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Concluded)
(b) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise)
Specific Specific
Density, heat, cp Density, heat, cp
Substance r lbm/ft3 Btu/lbm · R Substance r lbm/ft3 Btu/lbm · R
Metals Nonmetals
Aluminum Asphalt 132 0.220
100°F 0.192 Brick, common 120 0.189
32°F 0.212 Brick, fireclay (500°C) 144 0.229
100°F 170 0.218 Concrete 144 0.156
200°F 0.224 Clay 62.4 0.220
300°F 0.229 Diamond 151 0.147
400°F 0.235 Glass, window 169 0.191
500°F 0.240 Glass, pyrex 139 0.200
Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 517 0.0955 Graphite 156 0.170
2% Al) Granite 169 0.243
Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 519 0.0955 Gypsum or plaster board 50 0.260
35% Zn) Ice
Copper 50°F 0.424
60°F 0.0862 0°F 0.471
0°F 0.0893 20°F 0.491
100°F 555 0.0925 32°F 57.5 0.502
200°F 0.0938 Limestone 103 0.217
390°F 0.0963 Marble 162 0.210
Iron 490 0.107 Plywood (Douglas fir) 34.0
Lead 705 0.030 Rubber (soft) 68.7
Magnesium 108 0.239 Rubber (hard) 71.8
Nickel 555 0.105 Sand 94.9
Silver 655 0.056 Stone 93.6
Steel, mild 489 0.119 Woods, hard (maple, oak, etc.) 45.0
Tungsten 1211 0.031 Woods, soft (fir, pine, etc.) 32.0
(c) Foods
Specific heat, Specific heat,
Latent Water Latent
Btu/lbm · R Btu/lbm · R
Water Freezing heat of content, Freezing heat of
content, point, Above Below fusion, % point, Above Below fusion,
Food % (mass) °F freezing freezing Btu/lbm Food (mass) °F freezing freezing Btu/lbm
Source: Values are obtained from various handbooks and other sources or are calculated. Water content and freezing-point data of foods are from
ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, I-P version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993),
Chap. 30, Table 1. Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables, and the average freezing temperature for other
foods.
818 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
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Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–4E
Saturated water—Temperature table
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R
32.018 0.08871 0.01602 3299.9 0.000 1021.0 1021.0 0.000 1075.2 1075.2 0.00000 2.18672 2.1867
35 0.09998 0.01602 2945.7 3.004 1019.0 1022.0 3.004 1073.5 1076.5 0.00609 2.17011 2.1762
40 0.12173 0.01602 2443.6 8.032 1015.6 1023.7 8.032 1070.7 1078.7 0.01620 2.14271 2.1589
45 0.14756 0.01602 2035.8 13.05 1012.2 1025.3 13.05 1067.8 1080.9 0.02620 2.11587 2.1421
50 0.17812 0.01602 1703.1 18.07 1008.9 1026.9 18.07 1065.0 1083.1 0.03609 2.08956 2.1256
55 0.21413 0.01603 1430.4 23.07 1005.5 1028.6 23.07 1062.2 1085.3 0.04586 2.06377 2.1096
60 0.25638 0.01604 1206.1 28.08 1002.1 1030.2 28.08 1059.4 1087.4 0.05554 2.03847 2.0940
65 0.30578 0.01604 1020.8 33.08 998.76 1031.8 33.08 1056.5 1089.6 0.06511 2.01366 2.0788
70 0.36334 0.01605 867.18 38.08 995.39 1033.5 38.08 1053.7 1091.8 0.07459 1.98931 2.0639
75 0.43016 0.01606 739.27 43.07 992.02 1035.1 43.07 1050.9 1093.9 0.08398 1.96541 2.0494
80 0.50745 0.01607 632.41 48.06 988.65 1036.7 48.07 1048.0 1096.1 0.09328 1.94196 2.0352
85 0.59659 0.01609 542.80 53.06 985.28 1038.3 53.06 1045.2 1098.3 0.10248 1.91892 2.0214
90 0.69904 0.01610 467.40 58.05 981.90 1040.0 58.05 1042.4 1100.4 0.11161 1.89630 2.0079
95 0.81643 0.01612 403.74 63.04 978.52 1041.6 63.04 1039.5 1102.6 0.12065 1.87408 1.9947
100 0.95052 0.01613 349.83 68.03 975.14 1043.2 68.03 1036.7 1104.7 0.12961 1.85225 1.9819
110 1.2767 0.01617 264.96 78.01 968.36 1046.4 78.02 1031.0 1109.0 0.14728 1.80970 1.9570
120 1.6951 0.01620 202.94 88.00 961.56 1049.6 88.00 1025.2 1113.2 0.16466 1.76856 1.9332
130 2.2260 0.01625 157.09 97.99 954.73 1052.7 97.99 1019.4 1117.4 0.18174 1.72877 1.9105
140 2.8931 0.01629 122.81 107.98 947.87 1055.9 107.99 1013.6 1121.6 0.19855 1.69024 1.8888
150 3.7234 0.01634 96.929 117.98 940.98 1059.0 117.99 1007.8 1125.7 0.21508 1.65291 1.8680
160 4.7474 0.01639 77.185 127.98 934.05 1062.0 128.00 1001.8 1129.8 0.23136 1.61670 1.8481
170 5.9999 0.01645 61.982 138.00 927.08 1065.1 138.02 995.88 1133.9 0.24739 1.58155 1.8289
180 7.5197 0.01651 50.172 148.02 920.06 1068.1 148.04 989.85 1137.9 0.26318 1.54741 1.8106
190 9.3497 0.01657 40.920 158.05 912.99 1071.0 158.08 983.76 1141.8 0.27874 1.51421 1.7930
200 11.538 0.01663 33.613 168.10 905.87 1074.0 168.13 977.60 1145.7 0.29409 1.48191 1.7760
210 14.136 0.01670 27.798 178.15 898.68 1076.8 178.20 971.35 1149.5 0.30922 1.45046 1.7597
212 14.709 0.01671 26.782 180.16 897.24 1077.4 180.21 970.09 1150.3 0.31222 1.44427 1.7565
220 17.201 0.01677 23.136 188.22 891.43 1079.6 188.28 965.02 1153.3 0.32414 1.41980 1.7439
230 20.795 0.01684 19.374 198.31 884.10 1082.4 198.37 958.59 1157.0 0.33887 1.38989 1.7288
240 24.985 0.01692 16.316 208.41 876.70 1085.1 208.49 952.06 1160.5 0.35342 1.36069 1.7141
250 29.844 0.01700 13.816 218.54 869.21 1087.7 218.63 945.41 1164.0 0.36779 1.33216 1.6999
260 35.447 0.01708 11.760 228.68 861.62 1090.3 228.79 938.65 1167.4 0.38198 1.30425 1.6862
270 41.877 0.01717 10.059 238.85 853.94 1092.8 238.98 931.76 1170.7 0.39601 1.27694 1.6730
280 49.222 0.01726 8.6439 249.04 846.16 1095.2 249.20 924.74 1173.9 0.40989 1.25018 1.6601
290 57.573 0.01735 7.4607 259.26 838.27 1097.5 259.45 917.57 1177.0 0.42361 1.22393 1.6475
300 67.028 0.01745 6.4663 269.51 830.25 1099.8 269.73 910.24 1180.0 0.43720 1.19818 1.6354
310 77.691 0.01755 5.6266 279.79 822.11 1101.9 280.05 902.75 1182.8 0.45065 1.17289 1.6235
320 89.667 0.01765 4.9144 290.11 813.84 1104.0 290.40 895.09 1185.5 0.46396 1.14802 1.6120
330 103.07 0.01776 4.3076 300.46 805.43 1105.9 300.80 887.25 1188.1 0.47716 1.12355 1.6007
340 118.02 0.01787 3.7885 310.85 796.87 1107.7 311.24 879.22 1190.5 0.49024 1.09945 1.5897
350 134.63 0.01799 3.3425 321.29 788.16 1109.4 321.73 870.98 1192.7 0.50321 1.07570 1.5789
360 153.03 0.01811 2.9580 331.76 779.28 1111.0 332.28 862.53 1194.8 0.51607 1.05227 1.5683
370 173.36 0.01823 2.6252 342.29 770.23 1112.5 342.88 853.86 1196.7 0.52884 1.02914 1.5580
380 195.74 0.01836 2.3361 352.87 761.00 1113.9 353.53 844.96 1198.5 0.54152 1.00628 1.5478
390 220.33 0.01850 2.0842 363.50 751.58 1115.1 364.25 835.81 1200.1 0.55411 0.98366 1.5378
(Continued)
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Appendix 2 | 817
TABLE A–4E
Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded)
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R
400 247.26 0.01864 1.8639 374.19 741.97 1116.2 375.04 826.39 1201.4 0.56663 0.96127 1.5279
410 276.69 0.01878 1.6706 384.94 732.14 1117.1 385.90 816.71 1202.6 0.57907 0.93908 1.5182
420 308.76 0.01894 1.5006 395.76 722.08 1117.8 396.84 806.74 1203.6 0.59145 0.91707 1.5085
430 343.64 0.01910 1.3505 406.65 711.80 1118.4 407.86 796.46 1204.3 0.60377 0.89522 1.4990
440 381.49 0.01926 1.2178 417.61 701.26 1118.9 418.97 785.87 1204.8 0.61603 0.87349 1.4895
450 422.47 0.01944 1.0999 428.66 690.47 1119.1 430.18 774.94 1205.1 0.62826 0.85187 1.4801
460 466.75 0.01962 0.99510 439.79 679.39 1119.2 441.48 763.65 1205.1 0.64044 0.83033 1.4708
470 514.52 0.01981 0.90158 451.01 668.02 1119.0 452.90 751.98 1204.9 0.65260 0.80885 1.4615
480 565.96 0.02001 0.81794 462.34 656.34 1118.7 464.43 739.91 1204.3 0.66474 0.78739 1.4521
490 621.24 0.02022 0.74296 473.77 644.32 1118.1 476.09 727.40 1203.5 0.67686 0.76594 1.4428
500 680.56 0.02044 0.67558 485.32 631.94 1117.3 487.89 714.44 1202.3 0.68899 0.74445 1.4334
510 744.11 0.02067 0.61489 496.99 619.17 1116.2 499.84 700.99 1200.8 0.70112 0.72290 1.4240
520 812.11 0.02092 0.56009 508.80 605.99 1114.8 511.94 687.01 1199.0 0.71327 0.70126 1.4145
530 884.74 0.02118 0.51051 520.76 592.35 1113.1 524.23 672.47 1196.7 0.72546 0.67947 1.4049
540 962.24 0.02146 0.46553 532.88 578.23 1111.1 536.70 657.31 1194.0 0.73770 0.65751 1.3952
550 1044.8 0.02176 0.42465 545.18 563.58 1108.8 549.39 641.47 1190.9 0.75000 0.63532 1.3853
560 1132.7 0.02207 0.38740 557.68 548.33 1106.0 562.31 624.91 1187.2 0.76238 0.61284 1.3752
570 1226.2 0.02242 0.35339 570.40 532.45 1102.8 575.49 607.55 1183.0 0.77486 0.59003 1.3649
580 1325.5 0.02279 0.32225 583.37 515.84 1099.2 588.95 589.29 1178.2 0.78748 0.56679 1.3543
590 1430.8 0.02319 0.29367 596.61 498.43 1095.0 602.75 570.04 1172.8 0.80026 0.54306 1.3433
600 1542.5 0.02362 0.26737 610.18 480.10 1090.3 616.92 549.67 1166.6 0.81323 0.51871 1.3319
610 1660.9 0.02411 0.24309 624.11 460.73 1084.8 631.52 528.03 1159.5 0.82645 0.49363 1.3201
620 1786.2 0.02464 0.22061 638.47 440.14 1078.6 646.62 504.92 1151.5 0.83998 0.46765 1.3076
630 1918.9 0.02524 0.19972 653.35 418.12 1071.5 662.32 480.07 1142.4 0.85389 0.44056 1.2944
640 2059.3 0.02593 0.18019 668.86 394.36 1063.2 678.74 453.14 1131.9 0.86828 0.41206 1.2803
650 2207.8 0.02673 0.16184 685.16 368.44 1053.6 696.08 423.65 1119.7 0.88332 0.38177 1.2651
660 2364.9 0.02767 0.14444 702.48 339.74 1042.2 714.59 390.84 1105.4 0.89922 0.34906 1.2483
670 2531.2 0.02884 0.12774 721.23 307.22 1028.5 734.74 353.54 1088.3 0.91636 0.31296 1.2293
680 2707.3 0.03035 0.11134 742.11 269.00 1011.1 757.32 309.57 1066.9 0.93541 0.27163 1.2070
690 2894.1 0.03255 0.09451 766.81 220.77 987.6 784.24 253.96 1038.2 0.95797 0.22089 1.1789
700 3093.0 0.03670 0.07482 801.75 146.50 948.3 822.76 168.32 991.1 0.99023 0.14514 1.1354
705.10 3200.1 0.04975 0.04975 866.61 0 866.6 896.07 0 896.1 1.05257 0 1.0526
Source: Tables A–4E through A–8E are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The
routine used in calculations is the highly accurate Steam_IAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary
Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). This formulation
replaces the 1984 formulation of Haar, Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), which is also available in EES
as the routine STEAM. The new formulation is based on the correlations of Saul and Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) with modifica-
tions to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22,
783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O
from 173.15 K to 473.15 K,” ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.
820 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–5E
Saturated water—Pressure table
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R
1 101.69 0.01614 333.49 69.72 973.99 1043.7 69.72 1035.7 1105.4 0.13262 1.84495 1.9776
2 126.02 0.01623 173.71 94.02 957.45 1051.5 94.02 1021.7 1115.8 0.17499 1.74444 1.9194
3 141.41 0.01630 118.70 109.39 946.90 1056.3 109.40 1012.8 1122.2 0.20090 1.68489 1.8858
4 152.91 0.01636 90.629 120.89 938.97 1059.9 120.90 1006.0 1126.9 0.21985 1.64225 1.8621
5 162.18 0.01641 73.525 130.17 932.53 1062.7 130.18 1000.5 1130.7 0.23488 1.60894 1.8438
6 170.00 0.01645 61.982 138.00 927.08 1065.1 138.02 995.88 1133.9 0.24739 1.58155 1.8289
8 182.81 0.01652 47.347 150.83 918.08 1068.9 150.86 988.15 1139.0 0.26757 1.53800 1.8056
10 193.16 0.01659 38.425 161.22 910.75 1072.0 161.25 981.82 1143.1 0.28362 1.50391 1.7875
14.696 211.95 0.01671 26.805 180.12 897.27 1077.4 180.16 970.12 1150.3 0.31215 1.44441 1.7566
15 212.99 0.01672 26.297 181.16 896.52 1077.7 181.21 969.47 1150.7 0.31370 1.44441 1.7549
20 227.92 0.01683 20.093 196.21 885.63 1081.8 196.27 959.93 1156.2 0.33582 1.39606 1.7319
25 240.03 0.01692 16.307 208.45 876.67 1085.1 208.52 952.03 1160.6 0.35347 1.36060 1.7141
30 250.30 0.01700 13.749 218.84 868.98 1087.8 218.93 945.21 1164.1 0.36821 1.33132 1.6995
35 259.25 0.01708 11.901 227.92 862.19 1090.1 228.03 939.16 1167.2 0.38093 1.30632 1.6872
40 267.22 0.01715 10.501 236.02 856.09 1092.1 236.14 933.69 1169.8 0.39213 1.28448 1.6766
45 274.41 0.01721 9.4028 243.34 850.52 1093.9 243.49 928.68 1172.2 0.40216 1.26506 1.6672
50 280.99 0.01727 8.5175 250.05 845.39 1095.4 250.21 924.03 1174.2 0.41125 1.24756 1.6588
55 287.05 0.01732 7.7882 256.25 840.61 1096.9 256.42 919.70 1176.1 0.41958 1.23162 1.6512
60 292.69 0.01738 7.1766 262.01 836.13 1098.1 262.20 915.61 1177.8 0.42728 1.21697 1.6442
65 297.95 0.01743 6.6560 267.41 831.90 1099.3 267.62 911.75 1179.4 0.43443 1.20341 1.6378
70 302.91 0.01748 6.2075 272.50 827.90 1100.4 272.72 908.08 1180.8 0.44112 1.19078 1.6319
75 307.59 0.01752 5.8167 277.31 824.09 1101.4 277.55 904.58 1182.1 0.44741 1.17895 1.6264
80 312.02 0.01757 5.4733 281.87 820.45 1102.3 282.13 901.22 1183.4 0.45335 1.16783 1.6212
85 316.24 0.01761 5.1689 286.22 816.97 1103.2 286.50 898.00 1184.5 0.45897 1.15732 1.6163
90 320.26 0.01765 4.8972 290.38 813.62 1104.0 290.67 894.89 1185.6 0.46431 1.14737 1.6117
95 324.11 0.01770 4.6532 294.36 810.40 1104.8 294.67 891.89 1186.6 0.46941 1.13791 1.6073
100 327.81 0.01774 4.4327 298.19 807.29 1105.5 298.51 888.99 1187.5 0.47427 1.12888 1.6032
110 334.77 0.01781 4.0410 305.41 801.37 1106.8 305.78 883.44 1189.2 0.48341 1.11201 1.5954
120 341.25 0.01789 3.7289 312.16 795.79 1107.9 312.55 878.20 1190.8 0.49187 1.09646 1.5883
130 347.32 0.01796 3.4557 318.48 790.51 1109.0 318.92 873.21 1192.1 0.49974 1.08204 1.5818
140 353.03 0.01802 3.2202 324.45 785.49 1109.9 324.92 868.45 1193.4 0.50711 1.06858 1.5757
150 358.42 0.01809 3.0150 330.11 780.69 1110.8 330.61 863.88 1194.5 0.51405 1.05595 1.5700
160 363.54 0.01815 2.8347 335.49 776.10 1111.6 336.02 859.49 1195.5 0.52061 1.04405 1.5647
170 368.41 0.01821 2.6749 340.62 771.68 1112.3 341.19 855.25 1196.4 0.52682 1.03279 1.5596
180 373.07 0.01827 2.5322 345.53 767.42 1113.0 346.14 851.16 1197.3 0.53274 1.02210 1.5548
190 377.52 0.01833 2.4040 350.24 763.31 1113.6 350.89 847.19 1198.1 0.53839 1.01191 1.5503
200 381.80 0.01839 2.2882 354.78 759.32 1114.1 355.46 843.33 1198.8 0.54379 1.00219 1.5460
250 400.97 0.01865 1.8440 375.23 741.02 1116.3 376.09 825.47 1201.6 0.56784 0.95912 1.5270
300 417.35 0.01890 1.5435 392.89 724.77 1117.7 393.94 809.41 1203.3 0.58818 0.92289 1.5111
350 431.74 0.01912 1.3263 408.55 709.98 1118.5 409.79 794.65 1204.4 0.60590 0.89143 1.4973
400 444.62 0.01934 1.1617 422.70 696.31 1119.0 424.13 780.87 1205.0 0.62168 0.86350 1.4852
450 456.31 0.01955 1.0324 435.67 683.52 1119.2 437.30 767.86 1205.2 0.63595 0.83828 1.4742
500 467.04 0.01975 0.92819 447.68 671.42 1119.1 449.51 755.48 1205.0 0.64900 0.81521 1.4642
550 476.97 0.01995 0.84228 458.90 659.91 1118.8 460.93 743.60 1204.5 0.66107 0.79388 1.4550
600 486.24 0.02014 0.77020 469.46 648.88 1118.3 471.70 732.15 1203.9 0.67231 0.77400 1.4463
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill 821
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 2 | 819
TABLE A–5E
Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded)
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R
700 503.13 0.02051 0.65589 488.96 627.98 1116.9 491.62 710.29 1201.9 0.69279 0.73771 1.4305
800 518.27 0.02087 0.56920 506.74 608.30 1115.0 509.83 689.48 1199.3 0.71117 0.70502 1.4162
900 532.02 0.02124 0.50107 523.19 589.54 1112.7 526.73 669.46 1196.2 0.72793 0.67505 1.4030
1000 544.65 0.02159 0.44604 538.58 571.49 1110.1 542.57 650.03 1192.6 0.74341 0.64722 1.3906
1200 567.26 0.02232 0.36241 566.89 536.87 1103.8 571.85 612.39 1184.2 0.77143 0.59632 1.3677
1400 587.14 0.02307 0.30161 592.79 503.50 1096.3 598.76 575.66 1174.4 0.79658 0.54991 1.3465
1600 604.93 0.02386 0.25516 616.99 470.69 1087.7 624.06 539.18 1163.2 0.81972 0.50645 1.3262
1800 621.07 0.02470 0.21831 640.03 437.86 1077.9 648.26 502.35 1150.6 0.84144 0.46482 1.3063
2000 635.85 0.02563 0.18815 662.33 404.46 1066.8 671.82 464.60 1136.4 0.86224 0.42409 1.2863
2500 668.17 0.02860 0.13076 717.67 313.53 1031.2 730.90 360.79 1091.7 0.91311 0.31988 1.2330
3000 695.41 0.03433 0.08460 783.39 186.41 969.8 802.45 214.32 1016.8 0.97321 0.18554 1.1587
3200.1 705.10 0.04975 0.04975 866.61 0 866.6 896.07 0 896.1 1.05257 0 1.0526
822 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–6E
Superheated water
s s s
T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
°F ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R
Appendix 2 | 821
TABLE A–6E
Superheated water (Continued )
s s s
T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
°F ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R
TABLE A–6E
Superheated water (Continued )
s s s
T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
°F ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R
Appendix 2 | 823
TABLE A–6E
Superheated water (Concluded)
s s s
T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
°F ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R
TABLE A–7E
Compressed liquid water
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
°F ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R
Appendix 2 | 825
TABLE A–8E
Saturated ice—water vapor
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/Ibm · R
Sat.
press., Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp., Psat ice, vapor, ice, Subl., vapor, ice, Subl., vapor, ice, Subl., vapor,
T °F psia vi vg ui uig ug hi hig hg si sig sg
32.018 0.08871 0.01747 3299.6 143.34 1164.2 1020.9 143.34 1218.3 1075.0 0.29146 2.4779 2.1864
32 0.08864 0.01747 3302.6 143.35 1164.2 1020.9 143.35 1218.4 1075.0 0.29148 2.4779 2.1865
30 0.08086 0.01747 3605.8 144.35 1164.6 1020.2 144.35 1218.5 1074.2 0.29353 2.4883 2.1948
25 0.06405 0.01746 4505.8 146.85 1165.4 1018.6 146.85 1218.8 1072.0 0.29865 2.5146 2.2160
20 0.05049 0.01746 5657.6 149.32 1166.2 1016.9 149.32 1219.1 1069.8 0.30377 2.5414 2.2376
15 0.03960 0.01745 7138.9 151.76 1167.0 1015.2 151.76 1219.3 1067.6 0.30889 2.5687 2.2598
10 0.03089 0.01744 9054.0 154.18 1167.8 1013.6 154.18 1219.5 1065.4 0.31401 2.5965 2.2825
5 0.02397 0.01743 11,543 156.57 1168.5 1011.9 156.57 1219.7 1063.1 0.31913 2.6248 2.3057
0 0.01850 0.01743 14,797 158.94 1169.2 1010.3 158.94 1219.9 1060.9 0.32426 2.6537 2.3295
5 0.01420 0.01742 19,075 161.28 1169.9 1008.6 161.28 1220.0 1058.7 0.32938 2.6832 2.3538
10 0.01083 0.01741 24,731 163.60 1170.6 1007.0 163.60 1220.1 1056.5 0.33451 2.7133 2.3788
15 0.00821 0.01740 32,257 165.90 1171.2 1005.3 165.90 1220.2 1054.3 0.33964 2.7440 2.4044
20 0.00619 0.01740 42,335 168.16 1171.8 1003.6 168.16 1220.3 1052.1 0.34478 2.7754 2.4306
25 0.00463 0.01739 55,917 170.41 1172.4 1002.0 170.41 1220.3 1049.9 0.34991 2.8074 2.4575
30 0.00344 0.01738 74,345 172.63 1173.0 1000.3 172.63 1220.3 1047.7 0.35505 2.8401 2.4850
35 0.00254 0.01738 99,526 174.83 1173.5 998.7 174.83 1220.3 1045.5 0.36019 2.8735 2.5133
40 0.00186 0.01737 134,182 177.00 1174.0 997.0 177.00 1220.3 1043.3 0.36534 2.9076 2.5423
828 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
sure lbf/in 2
1780
12
1760 50
Pres
1740 12 1400
1500 00
Connstant
1720
11
0
1500
50
1000
1700
5000 6000
3204 4000
1300
2500 3000
8000
11
1400 1680 00
1660 10
1000
50
400
1640
300
1200
200
130
600
10
0
100
0.1
1620 00
600
30
14.696
0.05053
1600 95
0.2
120 0
0 1580 1100
10
90
0
0.4
1560
6
4
110 85
0 1540 0
2
0.6
1000
1520 80
0
1500
1
75
100 0
0 1480 900
70
80 00
00
1460 0
00
0
150
2
10
900 00 65
60 1440 0
00
50 800
Temperature, ºF
1420
0 5 60
4
400 0
0
800
32
10 1400
0
0 55
30
Cons
700 1380 0
700
00
25
ta
20
nt Su
00
1360
ft /lbm
50
20
0
00
0.0 0.03
Volume 3
53
50
erhe
1340
15
600
560
45
0
at °
100
600
00
1
200
0. 1320
F
10
40
50 0
nt
0
Consta
1300
0.2
t
500 35
0
1000
, Pe
Consta
0.4
110
ality
100
30
0
1260
300
0
nt
0
t Qu
0.6
0
900
Entha
stan
200
12 4 0
80 0
400 25
0
700
lpy B
Co n
1 400
1220
600
100
tu/lb
20 1220
500
2 120 0
0
m
60
400
15 1200
0
300
3 5
30
ft /lbm 1180
96
ume 10
nt Vol
14.6
0
C onsta 10
1160
10
20 50
200
6
1 11 1140
10 050 00
4
90 950 00
50
85 0
2
450
70
0
400
75
65
500
350
1120
55
10 0
60
95
0
0
300
0
250
1
200
90
85
80
200
75
0.5
150
100
65
100
60
70
1100
35
45
55
40
30
50
25
0.2
50
500
20
0. 1
15
1000
10
2000 60
5
32
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.4
Entropy, Btu/lbm·R
FIGURE A–9E
T-s diagram for water.
Source: Joseph H. Keenan, Frederick G. Keyes, Philip G. Hill, and Joan G. Moore, Steam Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1969).
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill 829
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 2 | 827
Entropy, Btu/lbm · R
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2
1600
1100°°F
F
a
0 psi
1550
10,00
5000
1000
3204
0
200
0
100
1500
500
900
300
200
1450
800
psia
1400
50
700°°F
F
1350
20
600
10
1300
500
8
5 6
1250
2p 3 4
400
sia
1200
300
1.0
satu
line ration 200°
200 °F
200°F
x= 1150
5
0.
0.9
0.9 8
6 2.2
2
0.9 100
0.
4 1100
0.9
2
0.9 2.1
0
0.8 1050
8
0.
86
2.0
0.
84
1.9
0
TABLE A–11E
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp., press., liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
T °F Psat psia vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg
40 7.432 0.01130 5.7796 0.016 89.167 89.15 0.000 97.100 97.10 0.00000 0.23135 0.23135
35 8.581 0.01136 5.0509 1.484 88.352 89.84 1.502 96.354 97.86 0.00355 0.22687 0.23043
30 9.869 0.01143 4.4300 2.990 87.532 90.52 3.011 95.601 98.61 0.00708 0.22248 0.22956
25 11.306 0.01150 3.8988 4.502 86.706 91.21 4.526 94.839 99.36 0.01058 0.21817 0.22875
20 12.906 0.01156 3.4426 6.019 85.874 91.89 6.047 94.068 100.12 0.01405 0.21394 0.22798
15 14.680 0.01163 3.0494 7.543 85.036 92.58 7.574 93.288 100.86 0.01749 0.20978 0.22727
10 16.642 0.01171 2.7091 9.073 84.191 93.26 9.109 92.498 101.61 0.02092 0.20569 0.22660
5 18.806 0.01178 2.4137 10.609 83.339 93.95 10.650 91.698 102.35 0.02431 0.20166 0.22598
0 21.185 0.01185 2.1564 12.152 82.479 94.63 12.199 90.886 103.08 0.02769 0.19770 0.22539
5 23.793 0.01193 1.9316 13.702 81.610 95.31 13.755 90.062 103.82 0.03104 0.19380 0.22485
10 26.646 0.01201 1.7345 15.259 80.733 95.99 15.318 89.226 104.54 0.03438 0.18996 0.22434
15 29.759 0.01209 1.5612 16.823 79.846 96.67 16.889 88.377 105.27 0.03769 0.18617 0.22386
20 33.147 0.01217 1.4084 18.394 78.950 97.34 18.469 87.514 105.98 0.04098 0.18243 0.22341
25 36.826 0.01225 1.2732 19.973 78.043 98.02 20.056 86.636 106.69 0.04426 0.17874 0.22300
30 40.813 0.01234 1.1534 21.560 77.124 98.68 21.653 85.742 107.40 0.04752 0.17509 0.22260
35 45.124 0.01242 1.0470 23.154 76.195 99.35 23.258 84.833 108.09 0.05076 0.17148 0.22224
40 49.776 0.01251 0.95205 24.757 75.253 100.01 24.873 83.907 108.78 0.05398 0.16791 0.22189
45 54.787 0.01261 0.86727 26.369 74.298 100.67 26.497 82.963 109.46 0.05720 0.16437 0.22157
50 60.175 0.01270 0.79136 27.990 73.329 101.32 28.131 82.000 110.13 0.06039 0.16087 0.22127
55 65.957 0.01280 0.72323 29.619 72.346 101.97 29.775 81.017 110.79 0.06358 0.15740 0.22098
60 72.152 0.01290 0.66195 31.258 71.347 102.61 31.431 80.013 111.44 0.06675 0.15396 0.22070
65 78.780 0.01301 0.60671 32.908 70.333 103.24 33.097 78.988 112.09 0.06991 0.15053 0.22044
70 85.858 0.01312 0.55681 34.567 69.301 103.87 34.776 77.939 112.71 0.07306 0.14713 0.22019
75 93.408 0.01323 0.51165 36.237 68.251 104.49 36.466 76.866 113.33 0.07620 0.14375 0.21995
80 101.45 0.01334 0.47069 37.919 67.181 105.10 38.169 75.767 113.94 0.07934 0.14038 0.21972
85 110.00 0.01347 0.43348 39.612 66.091 105.70 39.886 74.641 114.53 0.08246 0.13703 0.21949
90 119.08 0.01359 0.39959 41.317 64.979 106.30 41.617 73.485 115.10 0.08559 0.13368 0.21926
95 128.72 0.01372 0.36869 43.036 63.844 106.88 43.363 72.299 115.66 0.08870 0.13033 0.21904
100 138.93 0.01386 0.34045 44.768 62.683 107.45 45.124 71.080 116.20 0.09182 0.12699 0.21881
105 149.73 0.01400 0.31460 46.514 61.496 108.01 46.902 69.825 116.73 0.09493 0.12365 0.21858
110 161.16 0.01415 0.29090 48.276 60.279 108.56 48.698 68.533 117.23 0.09804 0.12029 0.21834
115 173.23 0.01430 0.26913 50.054 59.031 109.08 50.512 67.200 117.71 0.10116 0.11693 0.21809
120 185.96 0.01446 0.24909 51.849 57.749 109.60 52.346 65.823 118.17 0.10428 0.11354 0.21782
130 213.53 0.01482 0.21356 55.495 55.071 110.57 56.080 62.924 119.00 0.11054 0.10670 0.21724
140 244.06 0.01521 0.18315 59.226 52.216 111.44 59.913 59.801 119.71 0.11684 0.09971 0.21655
150 277.79 0.01567 0.15692 63.059 49.144 112.20 63.864 56.405 120.27 0.12321 0.09251 0.21572
160 314.94 0.01619 0.13410 67.014 45.799 112.81 67.958 52.671 120.63 0.12970 0.08499 0.21469
170 355.80 0.01681 0.11405 71.126 42.097 113.22 72.233 48.499 120.73 0.13634 0.07701 0.21335
180 400.66 0.01759 0.09618 75.448 37.899 113.35 76.752 43.726 120.48 0.14323 0.06835 0.21158
190 449.90 0.01860 0.07990 80.082 32.950 113.03 81.631 38.053 119.68 0.15055 0.05857 0.20911
200 504.00 0.02009 0.06441 85.267 26.651 111.92 87.140 30.785 117.93 0.15867 0.04666 0.20533
210 563.76 0.02309 0.04722 91.986 16.498 108.48 94.395 19.015 113.41 0.16922 0.02839 0.19761
Source: Tables A–11E through A–13E are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado.
The routine used in calculations is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner-Roth and H.D. Baehr,
“An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to
455 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. The enthalpy and entropy values of saturated liquid are set to zero
at 40°C (and 40°F).
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill 831
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 2 | 829
TABLE A–12E
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R
5 53.09 0.01113 8.3785 3.918 91.280 87.36 3.907 99.022 95.11 0.00945 0.24353 0.23408
10 29.52 0.01144 4.3753 3.135 87.453 90.59 3.156 95.528 98.68 0.00742 0.22206 0.22948
15 14.15 0.01165 2.9880 7.803 84.893 92.70 7.835 93.155 100.99 0.01808 0.20908 0.22715
20 2.43 0.01182 2.2772 11.401 82.898 94.30 11.445 91.282 102.73 0.02605 0.19962 0.22567
25 7.17 0.01196 1.8429 14.377 81.231 95.61 14.432 89.701 104.13 0.03249 0.19213 0.22462
30 15.37 0.01209 1.5492 16.939 79.780 96.72 17.006 88.313 105.32 0.03793 0.18589 0.22383
35 22.57 0.01221 1.3369 19.205 78.485 97.69 19.284 87.064 106.35 0.04267 0.18053 0.22319
40 29.01 0.01232 1.1760 21.246 77.307 98.55 21.337 85.920 107.26 0.04688 0.17580 0.22268
45 34.86 0.01242 1.0497 23.110 76.221 99.33 23.214 84.858 108.07 0.05067 0.17158 0.22225
50 40.23 0.01252 0.94791 24.832 75.209 100.04 24.948 83.863 108.81 0.05413 0.16774 0.22188
55 45.20 0.01261 0.86400 26.435 74.258 100.69 26.564 82.924 109.49 0.05733 0.16423 0.22156
60 49.84 0.01270 0.79361 27.939 73.360 101.30 28.080 82.030 110.11 0.06029 0.16098 0.22127
65 54.20 0.01279 0.73370 29.357 72.505 101.86 29.510 81.176 110.69 0.06307 0.15796 0.22102
70 58.30 0.01287 0.68205 30.700 71.688 102.39 30.867 80.357 111.22 0.06567 0.15512 0.22080
75 62.19 0.01295 0.63706 31.979 70.905 102.88 32.159 79.567 111.73 0.06813 0.15245 0.22059
80 65.89 0.01303 0.59750 33.201 70.151 103.35 33.394 78.804 112.20 0.07047 0.14993 0.22040
85 69.41 0.01310 0.56244 34.371 69.424 103.79 34.577 78.064 112.64 0.07269 0.14753 0.22022
90 72.78 0.01318 0.53113 35.495 68.719 104.21 35.715 77.345 113.06 0.07481 0.14525 0.22006
95 76.02 0.01325 0.50301 36.578 68.035 104.61 36.811 76.645 113.46 0.07684 0.14307 0.21991
100 79.12 0.01332 0.47760 37.623 67.371 104.99 37.869 75.962 113.83 0.07879 0.14097 0.21976
110 85.00 0.01347 0.43347 39.612 66.091 105.70 39.886 74.641 114.53 0.08246 0.13703 0.21949
120 90.49 0.01360 0.39644 41.485 64.869 106.35 41.787 73.371 115.16 0.08589 0.13335 0.21924
130 95.64 0.01374 0.36491 43.258 63.696 106.95 43.589 72.144 115.73 0.08911 0.12990 0.21901
140 100.51 0.01387 0.33771 44.945 62.564 107.51 45.304 70.954 116.26 0.09214 0.12665 0.21879
150 105.12 0.01400 0.31401 46.556 61.467 108.02 46.945 69.795 116.74 0.09501 0.12357 0.21857
160 109.50 0.01413 0.29316 48.101 60.401 108.50 48.519 68.662 117.18 0.09774 0.12062 0.21836
170 113.69 0.01426 0.27466 49.586 59.362 108.95 50.035 67.553 117.59 0.10034 0.11781 0.21815
180 117.69 0.01439 0.25813 51.018 58.345 109.36 51.497 66.464 117.96 0.10284 0.11511 0.21795
190 121.53 0.01452 0.24327 52.402 57.349 109.75 52.912 65.392 118.30 0.10524 0.11250 0.21774
200 125.22 0.01464 0.22983 53.743 56.371 110.11 54.285 64.335 118.62 0.10754 0.10998 0.21753
220 132.21 0.01490 0.20645 56.310 54.458 110.77 56.917 62.256 119.17 0.11192 0.10517 0.21710
240 138.73 0.01516 0.18677 58.746 52.591 111.34 59.419 60.213 119.63 0.11603 0.10061 0.21665
260 144.85 0.01543 0.16996 61.071 50.757 111.83 61.813 58.192 120.00 0.11992 0.09625 0.21617
280 150.62 0.01570 0.15541 63.301 48.945 112.25 64.115 56.184 120.30 0.12362 0.09205 0.21567
300 156.09 0.01598 0.14266 65.452 47.143 112.60 66.339 54.176 120.52 0.12715 0.08797 0.21512
350 168.64 0.01672 0.11664 70.554 42.627 113.18 71.638 49.099 120.74 0.13542 0.07814 0.21356
400 179.86 0.01757 0.09642 75.385 37.963 113.35 76.686 43.798 120.48 0.14314 0.06848 0.21161
450 190.02 0.01860 0.07987 80.092 32.939 113.03 81.641 38.041 119.68 0.15056 0.05854 0.20911
500 199.29 0.01995 0.06551 84.871 27.168 112.04 86.718 31.382 118.10 0.15805 0.04762 0.20566
832 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–13E
Superheated refrigerant-134a
s s s
T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
°F ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill 833
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 2 | 831
TABLE A–13E
Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded)
s s s
T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
°F ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R
P 90 psia (Tsat 72.78°F) P 100 psia (Tsat 79.12°F) P 120 psia (Tsat 90.49°F)
Sat. 0.53113 104.21 113.06 0.22006 0.47760 104.99 113.83 0.21976 0.39644 106.35 115.16 0.21924
80 0.54388 105.74 114.80 0.22330 0.47906 105.18 114.05 0.22016
100 0.57729 109.91 119.52 0.23189 0.51076 109.45 118.90 0.22900 0.41013 108.48 117.59 0.22362
120 0.60874 114.04 124.18 0.24008 0.54022 113.66 123.65 0.23733 0.43692 112.84 122.54 0.23232
140 0.63885 118.19 128.83 0.24797 0.56821 117.86 128.37 0.24534 0.46190 117.15 127.41 0.24058
160 0.66796 122.38 133.51 0.25563 0.59513 122.08 133.09 0.25309 0.48563 121.46 132.25 0.24851
180 0.69629 126.62 138.22 0.26311 0.62122 126.35 137.85 0.26063 0.50844 125.79 137.09 0.25619
200 0.72399 130.92 142.97 0.27043 0.64667 130.67 142.64 0.26801 0.53054 130.17 141.95 0.26368
220 0.75119 135.27 147.78 0.27762 0.67158 135.05 147.47 0.27523 0.55206 134.59 146.85 0.27100
240 0.77796 139.69 152.65 0.28468 0.69605 139.49 152.37 0.28233 0.57312 139.07 151.80 0.27817
260 0.80437 144.19 157.58 0.29162 0.72016 143.99 157.32 0.28931 0.59379 143.61 156.79 0.28521
280 0.83048 148.75 162.58 0.29847 0.74396 148.57 162.34 0.29618 0.61413 148.21 161.85 0.29214
300 0.85633 153.38 167.64 0.30522 0.76749 153.21 167.42 0.30296 0.63420 152.88 166.96 0.29896
320 0.88195 158.08 172.77 0.31189 0.79079 157.93 172.56 0.30964 0.65402 157.62 172.14 0.30569
P 140 psia (Tsat 100.50°F) P 160 psia (Tsat 109.50°F) P 180 psia (Tsat 117.69°F)
Sat. 0.33771 107.51 116.26 0.21879 0.29316 108.50 117.18 0.21836 0.25813 109.36 117.96 0.21795
120 0.36243 111.96 121.35 0.22773 0.30578 111.01 120.06 0.22337 0.26083 109.94 118.63 0.21910
140 0.38551 116.41 126.40 0.23628 0.32774 115.62 125.32 0.23230 0.28231 114.77 124.17 0.22850
160 0.40711 120.81 131.36 0.24443 0.34790 120.13 130.43 0.24069 0.30154 119.42 129.46 0.23718
180 0.42766 125.22 136.30 0.25227 0.36686 124.62 135.49 0.24871 0.31936 124.00 134.64 0.24540
200 0.44743 129.65 141.24 0.25988 0.38494 129.12 140.52 0.25645 0.33619 128.57 139.77 0.25330
220 0.46657 134.12 146.21 0.26730 0.40234 133.64 145.55 0.26397 0.35228 133.15 144.88 0.26094
240 0.48522 138.64 151.21 0.27455 0.41921 138.20 150.62 0.27131 0.36779 137.76 150.01 0.26837
260 0.50345 143.21 156.26 0.28166 0.43564 142.81 155.71 0.27849 0.38284 142.40 155.16 0.27562
280 0.52134 147.85 161.35 0.28864 0.45171 147.48 160.85 0.28554 0.39751 147.10 160.34 0.28273
300 0.53895 152.54 166.50 0.29551 0.46748 152.20 166.04 0.29246 0.41186 151.85 165.57 0.28970
320 0.55630 157.30 171.71 0.30228 0.48299 156.98 171.28 0.29927 0.42594 156.66 170.85 0.29656
340 0.57345 162.13 176.98 0.30896 0.49828 161.83 176.58 0.30598 0.43980 161.53 176.18 0.30331
360 0.59041 167.02 182.32 0.31555 0.51338 166.74 181.94 0.31260 0.45347 166.46 181.56 0.30996
P 200 psia (Tsat 125.22°F) P 300 psia (Tsat 156.09°F) P 400 psia (Tsat 179.86°F)
Sat. 0.22983 110.11 118.62 0.21753 0.14266 112.60 120.52 0.21512 0.09642 113.35 120.48 0.21161
140 0.24541 113.85 122.93 0.22481
160 0.26412 118.66 128.44 0.23384 0.14656 113.82 121.95 0.21745
180 0.28115 123.35 133.76 0.24229 0.16355 119.52 128.60 0.22802 0.09658 113.41 120.56 0.21173
200 0.29704 128.00 138.99 0.25035 0.17776 124.78 134.65 0.23733 0.11440 120.52 128.99 0.22471
220 0.31212 132.64 144.19 0.25812 0.19044 129.85 140.42 0.24594 0.12746 126.44 135.88 0.23500
240 0.32658 137.30 149.38 0.26565 0.20211 134.83 146.05 0.25410 0.13853 131.95 142.20 0.24418
260 0.34054 141.99 154.59 0.27298 0.21306 139.77 151.59 0.26192 0.14844 137.26 148.25 0.25270
280 0.35410 146.72 159.82 0.28015 0.22347 144.70 157.11 0.26947 0.15756 142.48 154.14 0.26077
300 0.36733 151.50 165.09 0.28718 0.23346 149.65 162.61 0.27681 0.16611 147.65 159.94 0.26851
320 0.38029 156.33 170.40 0.29408 0.24310 154.63 168.12 0.28398 0.17423 152.80 165.70 0.27599
340 0.39300 161.22 175.77 0.30087 0.25246 159.64 173.66 0.29098 0.18201 157.97 171.44 0.28326
360 0.40552 166.17 181.18 0.30756 0.26159 164.70 179.22 0.29786 0.18951 163.15 177.18 0.29035
834 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
bm/ 3
ft3
2000 35 30 /ft33 2000
65
55 50 45 40
60
80 = 18 lbm
70
24
85
Density
90
95
12
1000 75 l 9.6 1000
22
0
7.2
180
R-134a 140
4.8
T = 100°F
2.4
200 1.8 200
1.2
60
100 0.96
100
Pressure, psia
0.72
20
0.48
40 0.36 40
0.24
-20
20 0.18 20
-0.04
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.14
0.04
0.22
·R
0.06
0.12
0 .1 6
0.08
0.10
0.18
0 .2 0
0.24
0.12
/ l bm
0.26
0.096
-60
10 10
2
6
Bt u
8
0.3
T = -100°F
0. 3
0.3
0.28
0.3
0.072
0
0.4
500 .42
0
id
0.048
0.3
620
0
liqu
580
540
T = 300° F
pour
460
s=
0.4 420
4 0.036 4
ated
380
ted va
340
220
260
180
0.024
140
0.8
0.9
satur
0.6
10 0
0.3
0.7
2
60
0.5
20
0.2
0.4
-20
0.1
satura
2 2
-60
0.018
4
s=
0.4
6
0.012
0.4
1 1
–20 20 60 100 140 180 220 260
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm
FIGURE A–14E
P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a.
Reprinted by permission of American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill 835
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 2 | 833
TABLE A–15E
Properties of saturated water
Volume
Enthalpy Specific Thermal Prandil Expansion
Density of Heat Conductivity Dynamic Viscosity Number Coefficient
Saturation
Temp. r, lbm/ft3 Vaporization cr, Btu/Ibm · R k, Btu/h · ft· R m, Ibm/ft · s Pr b, 1/R
Pressure
T, F Psat, psia Liquid Vapor hfg, Btu/lbm Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid
32.02 0.0887 62.41 0.00030 1075 1.010 0.446 0.324 0.0099 1.204
103 6.194
106 13.5 1.00 0.038
103
40 0.1217 62.42 0.00034 1071 1.004 0.447 0.329 0.0100 1.308
103 6.278
106 11.4 1.01 A0.003
103
50 0.1780 62.41 0.00059 1065 1.000 0.448 0.335 0.0102 8.781
104 6.361
106 9.44 1.01 0.047
103
60 0.2563 62.36 0.00083 1060 0.999 0.449 0.341 0.0104 7.536
104 6.444
106 7.95 1.00 0.080
103
70 0.3632 62.30 0.00115 1054 0.999 0.450 0.347 0.0106 6.556
104 6.556
106 6.79 1.00 0.115
103
80 0.5073 62.22 0.00158 1048 0.999 0.451 0.352 0.0108 5.764
104 6.667
106 5.89 1.00 0.145
103
90 0.6988 62.12 0.00214 1043 0.999 0.453 0.358 0.0110 5.117
104 6.778
106 5.14 1.00 0.174
103
100 0.9503 62.00 0.00286 1037 0.999 0.454 0.363 0.0112 4.578
104 6.889
106 4.54 1.01 0.200
103
110 1.2763 61.86 0.00377 1031 0.999 0.456 0.367 0.0115 4.128
104 7.000
106 4.05 1.00 0.224
103
120 1.6945 61.71 0.00493 1026 0.999 0.458 0.371 0.0117 3.744
104 7.111
106 3.63 1.00 0246
103
130 2.225 61.55 0.00636 1020 0.999 0.460 0.375 0.0120 3.417
104 7.222
106 3.28 1.00 0.267
103
140 2.892 61.38 0.00814 1014 0.999 0.463 0.378 0.0122 3.136
104 7.333
106 2.98 1.00 0.287
103
150 3.722 61.19 0.0103 1008 1.000 0.465 0.381 0.0125 2.889
104 7.472
106 2.73 1.00 0.306
103
160 4.745 60.99 0.0129 1002 1.000 0.468 0.384 0.0128 2.675
104 7.583
106 2.51 1.00 0.325
103
170 5.996 60.79 0.0161 996 1.001 0.472 0.386 0.0131 2.483
104 7.722
106 2.90 1.00 0.346
103
180 7.515 60.57 0.0199 990 1.002 0.475 0.388 0.0134 2.317
104 7.833
106 2.15 1.00 0.367
103
190 9.343 60.35 0.0244 984 1.004 0.479 0.390 0.0137 2.169
104 7.972
106 2.01 1.00 0.382
103
200 11.53 60.12 0.0297 978 1.005 0.483 0.391 0.0141 2.036
104 8.083
106 1.88 1.00 0.395
103
210 14.125 59.87 0.0359 972 1.007 0.487 0.392 0.0144 1.917
104 8.222
106 1.77 1.00 0.412
103
212 14.698 59.82 0.0373 970 1.007 0.488 0.392 0.0145 1.894
104 8.250
106 1.75 1.00 0.417
103
220 17.19 59.62 0.0432 965 1.009 0.492 0.393 0.0148 1808
104 8.333
106 1.67 1.00 0.429
103
230 20.78 59.36 0.0516 959 1.011 0.497 0.394 0.0152 1.711
104 8.472
106 1.58 1.00 0.443
103
240 24.97 59.09 0.0612 952 1.013 0.503 0.394 0.0156 1.625
104 8.611
106 1.50 1.00 0.462
103
250 29.82 58.82 0.0723 946 1.015 0.509 0.395 0.0160 1.544
104 8.611
106 1.43 1.00 0.480
103
260 35.42 58.53 0.0850 939 1.018 0.516 0.395 0.0164 1.472
104 8.861
106 1.37 1.00 0.497
103
270 41.85 58.24 0.0993 932 1.020 0.523 0.395 0.0168 1.406
104 9.000
106 1.31 1.01 0.514
103
280 49.18 57.94 0.1156 926 1.023 0.530 0.395 0.0172 1.344
104 9.111
106 1.25 1.01 0.532
103
290 57–53 57.63 0.3390 918 1.026 0.538 0.395 0.0177 1.289
104 9.250
106 1.21 1.01 0.549
103
300 66.98 57.31 0.1545 910 1.029 0.547 0.394 0.0182 1.236
104 9.389
106 1.16 1.02 0.566
103
320 89.60 56.65 0.2033 895 1.036 0.567 0.393 0.0191 1.144
104 9.639
106 1.09 1.03 0.636
103
340 117.93 55.95 0.2637 880 1.044 0.590 0.391 0.0202 1.063
104 9.889
106 1.02 1.04 0.656
103
360 152.92 56.22 0.3377 863 1.054 0.617 0.389 0.0213 9.972
105 1.013
105 0.973 1.06 0.681
103
380 195.60 54.46 0.4275 845 1.065 0.647 0.385 0.0224 9.361
105 1.041
105 0.932 1.08 0.720
103
400 241.1 53.65 0.5359 827 1.078 0.683 0.382 0.0237 8.833
105 1.066
105 0.893 1.11 0.771
103
450 422.1 51.46 0.9082 775 1.121 0.799 0.370 0.0271 7.722
105 1.130
105 0.842 1.20 0.912
103
500 680.0 48.95 1.479 715 1.188 0.972 0.352 0.0312 6.833
105 1.200
10–5 0.830 1.35 1.111
103
550 1046.7 45.96 4.268 641 1.298 1.247 0.329 0.0368 6.083
105 1.280
105 0.864 1.56 1.445
103
600 1541 42.32 3.736 550 1.509 1.759 0.299 0.0461 5.389
105 1.380
105 0.979 1.90 1.883
103
650 2210 37.31 6.152 422 2.086 3.103 0.267 0.0677 4.639
105 1.542
105 1.30 2.54
700 3090 27.28 13.44 168 13.80 25.90 0.254 0.1964 3.417
105 2.044
105 6.68 9.71
705.44 3204 19.79 19.79 0 2.897
105 2.897
105
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m/r and a k/rcr n/Pr. The temperatures 32.02F,
212F, and 705.44F are the triple-, boiling-, and critical-point temperatures of water, respectively. All properties listed above (except the vapor density) can be
used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit Btu/lbm·F for specific heat is equivalent to Btu/lbm·R, and the unit Btu/h·ft·F for thermal conductivity is equivalent to Btu/h·ft·R.
Source: Viscosity and thermal conductivity data are from J. V. Sengers and J. T. T. Watson, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 15 (1986),
pp. 1291–1322. Other data are obtained from various sources or calculated.
836 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–16E
Properties of saturated refrigerant-134a
Volume
Enthalpy Specific Thermal Prandil Expansion
Density of Heat Conductivity Dynamic Viscosity Number Coefficient Surface
Saturation
Temp. Pressure r, lbm/ft3 Vaporization cp, Btu/Ibm·R k, Btu/h·ft·R m, Ibm/ft·s Pr b, 1/R Tension
T, F Psat, psia Liquid Vapor hfg, Btu/lbm Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid lbf/ft
40 7.4 88.51 0.1731 97.1 0.2996 0.1788 0.0636 0.00466 3.278
104 1.714
106 5.558 0.237 0.00114 0.001206
30 9.9 87.5 0.2258 95.6 0.3021 0.1829 0.0626 0.00497 3.004
104 2.053
106 5.226 0.272 0.00117 0.001146
20 12.9 86.48 0.2905 94.1 0.3046 0.1872 0.0613 0.00529 2.762
104 2.433
106 4.937 0.310 0.00120 0.001087
10 16.6 85.44 0.3691 92.5 0.3074 0.1918 0.0602 0.00559 2.546
104 2.856
106 4.684 0.352 0.00124 0.001029
0 21.2 84.38 0.4635 90.9 0.3103 0.1966 0.0589 0.00589 2.345
104 3.314
106 4.463 0.398 0.00128 0.000972
10 26.6 83.31 0.5761 89.3 0.3134 0.2017 0.0576 0.00619 2.181
104 3.811
104 4.269 0.447 0.00132 0.000915
20 33.1 82.2 0.7094 87.5 0.3167 0.2070 0.0563 0.00648 2.024
104 4.342
106 4.098 0.500 0.00132 O.000859
30 40.8 81.08 0.866 85.8 0.3203 0.2127 0.0550 0.00676 1.883
104 4.906
106 3.947 0.555 0.00142 0.000803
40 49.8 79.92 1.049 83.9 0.3240 0.2188 0.0536 0.00704 1.752
104 5.494
106 3.814 0.614 0.00149 0.000749
50 60.2 78.73 1.262 82.0 0.3281 0.2253 0.0522 0.00732 1.633
104 6.103
106 3.697 0.677 0.00156 0.000695
60 72.2 77.51 1.509 80.0 0.3325 0.2323 0.0507 0.00758 1.522
104 6.725
106 3.594 0.742 0.00163 0.000642
70 85.9 76.25 1.794 78.0 0.3372 0.2398 0.0492 0.00785 1.420
104 7.356
106 3.504 0.810 0.00173 0.000590
80 101.4 74.94 2.122 75.8 0.3424 0.2481 0.0476 0.00810 1.324
104 7.986
106 3.425 0.880 0.00183 0.000538
90 119.1 73.59 2.5 73.5 0.3481 0.2572 0.0460 0.00835 1.234
104 8.611
106 3.357 0.955 0.00195 0.000488
100 138.9 72.17 2.935 71.1 0.3548 0.2674 0.0444 0.00860 1.149
104 9.222
106 3.303 1.032 0.00210 0.000439
110 161.2 70.69 3.435 68.5 0.3627 0.2790 0.0427 0.00884 1.068
104 9.814
106 3.262 1.115 0.00227 0.000391
120 186.0 69.13 4.012 65.8 0.3719 0.2925 0.0410 0.00908 9.911
105 1.038
105 3.235 1.204 0.00248 0.000344
130 213.5 67.48 4.679 62.9 0.3829 0.3083 0.0392 0.00931 9.175
105 1.092
105 3.223 1.303 0.00275 0.000299
140 244.1 65.72 5.455 59.8 0.3963 0.3276 0.0374 0.00954 8.464
105 1.144
105 3.229 1.416 0.00308 0.000255
150 277.8 63.83 6.367 56.4 0.4131 0.3520 0.0355 0.00976 7.778
105 1.195
105 3.259 1.551 0.00351 0.000212
160 314.9 61.76 7.45 52.7 0.4352 0.3839 0.0335 0.00998 7.108
105 1.245
105 3.324 1.725 0.00411 0.000171
170 355.8 59.47 8.762 48.5 0.4659 0.4286 0.0314 0.01020 6.450
105 1.298
105 3.443 1.963 0.00498 0.000132
180 400.7 56.85 10.4 43.7 0.5123 0.4960 0.0292 0.01041 5.792
105 1.366
105 3.661 2.327 0.00637 0.000095
190 449.9 53.75 12.53 38.0 0.5929 0.6112 0.0267 0.01063 5.119
105 1.431
105 4.090 2.964 0.00891 0.000061
200 504.0 49.75 15.57 30.7 0.7717 0.8544 0.0239 0.01085 4.397
105 1.544
105 5.119 4.376 0.01490 0.000031
210 563.8 43.19 21.18 18.9 1.4786 1.6683 0.0199 0.01110 3.483
105 1.787
105 9.311 9.669 0.04021 0.000006
Note 1: Klnematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m/r and a k/rcp n/Pr. The properties listed here
(except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit Btu/lbm . F for specific heat is equivalent to Btu/lbm·R, and the unit Btu/h·ft·F for thermal conductivity is equivalent to Btu/h·ft·R.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: R. Tilner-Roth and H. D. Baehr, “An International
Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluorethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to
70 Mpa,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No.5, 1994: M. J. Assael, N. K. Dalaouti, A. A. Griva, and J. H. Dymond, “Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of
Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants,” IJR, Vol. 22, pp. 525–535, 1999: NIST REPROP 6 program (M. O. McLinden, S. A. Klein, E. W. Lemmon,
and A. P. Peskin, Physicial and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303. 1995).
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill 837
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 2 | 835
TABLE A–17E
Properties of saturated ammonia
Volume
Enthalpy Specific Thermal Prandil Expansion
Density of Heat Conductivity Dynamic Viscosity Number Coefficient Surface
Saturation
Temp. Pressure r, lbm/ft3 Vaporization cr, Btu/Ibm·R k, Btu/h·ft·R m, Ibm/ft·s Pr b, 1/R Tension
T, F Psat, psia Liquid Vapor hfg, Btu/lbm Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid lbf/ft
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m/p and a k/rcp n/Pr. The properties listed here
(except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit Btu/lbm·F for specific heat is equivalent to Btu/lbm·R, and the unit Btu/h·ft·F for thermal conductivity is equivalent to Btu/h·ft·R.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Orginal sources: Tillner-Roth, Harms-Watzenterg, and Baehr, “Eine
neue Fundamentalgleichung fur Ammoniak,” DKV-Tagungsbericht 20: 167–181, 1993; Liley and Desai, “Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants,”
ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.
838 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–18E
Properties of saturated propane
Volume
Enthalpy Specific Thermal Prandil Expansion
Density of Heat Conductivity Dynamic Viscosity Number Coefficient Surface
Saturation
Temp. Pressure r, lbm/ft3 Vaporization cr, Btu/Ibm·R k, Btu/h·ft·R m, Ibm/ft·s Pr b, 1/R Tension
T, F Psat, psia Liquid Vapor hig, Btu/lbm Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid lbf/ft
200 0.0201 42.06 0.0003 217.7 0.4750 0.2595 0.1073 0.00313 5.012
104 2.789
106 7.991 0.833 0.00083 0.001890
180 0.0752 41.36 0.0011 213.4 0.4793 0.2680 0.1033 0.00347 3.941
104 2.975
106 6.582 0.826 0.00086 0.001780
160 0.2307 40.65 0.0032 209.1 0.4845 0.2769 0.0992 0.00384 3.199
104 3.164
106 5.626 0.821 0.00088 0.001671
140 0.6037 39.93 0.0078 204.8 0.4907 0.2866 0.0949 0.00423 2.660
104 3.358
106 4.951 0.818 0.00091 0.001563
120 1.389 39.20 0.0170 200.5 0.4982 0.2971 0.0906 0.00465 2.252
104 3.556
106 4.457 0.817 0.00094 0.001455
100 2.878 38.46 0.0334 196.1 0.5069 0.3087 0.0863 0.00511 1.934
104 3.756
106 4.087 0.817 0.00097 0.001349
90 4.006 38.08 0.0453 193.9 0.5117 0.3150 0.0842 0.00534 1.799
104 3.858
106 3.936 0.819 0.00099 0.001297
80 5.467 37.70 0.0605 191.6 0.5169 0.3215 0.0821 0.00559 1.678
104 3.961
106 3.803 0.820 0.00101 0.001244
70 7.327 37.32 0.0793 189.3 0.5224 0.3284 0.0800 0.00585 1.569
104 4.067
106 3.686 0.822 0.00104 0.001192
60 9.657 36.93 0.1024 186.9 0.5283 0.3357 0.0780 0.00611 1.469
104 4.172
106 3.582 0.825 0.00106 0.001140
50 12.54 36.54 0.1305 184.4 0.5345 0.3433 0.0760 0.00639 1.378
104 4.278
106 3.490 0.828 0.00109 0.001089
40 16.05 36.13 0.1641 181.9 0.5392 0.3513 0.0740 0.00568 1.294
104 4.386
106 3.395 0.831 0.00112 0.001038
30 20.29 35.73 0.2041 179.3 0.5460 0.3596 0.0721 0.00697 1.217
104 4.497
106 3.320 0.835 0.00115 0.000987
20 25.34 35.31 0.2512 176.6 0.5531 0.3684 0.0702 0.00728 1.146
104 4.611
106 3.253 0.840 0.00119 0.000937
10 31.3 34.89 0.3063 173.8 0.5607 0.3776 0.0683 0.00761 1.079
104 4.725
106 3.192 0.845 0.00123 0.000887
0 38.28 34.46 0.3703 170.9 0.5689 0.3874 0.0665 0.00794 1.018
104 4.842
106 3.137 0.850 0.00127 0.000838
10 46.38 34.02 0.4441 167.9 0.5775 0.3976 0.0647 0.00829 9.606
105 4.961
106 3.088 0.857 0.00132 0.000789
20 55.7 33.56 0.5289 164.8 0.5867 0.4084 0.0629 0.00865 9.067
105 5.086
106 3.043 0.864 0.00138 0.000740
30 66.35 33.10 0.6259 161.6 0.5966 0.4199 0.0512 0.00903 8.561
105 5.211
106 3.003 0.873 0.00144 0.000692
40 78.45 32.62 0.7365 158.1 0.6072 0.4321 0.0595 0.00942 8.081
105 5.342
106 2.967 0.882 0.00151 0.000644
50 92.12 32.13 0.8621 154.6 0.6187 0.4452 0.0579 0.00983 7.631
105 5.478
106 2.935 0.893 0.00159 0.000597
60 107.5 31.63 1.0046 150.8 0.6311 0.4593 0.0563 0.01025 7.200
105 5.617
106 2.906 0.906 0.00168 0.000551
70 124.6 31.11 1.1659 146.8 0.6447 0.4746 0.0547 0.01070 6.794
105 5.764
106 2.881 0.921 0.00179 0.000505
80 143.7 30.56 1.3484 142.7 0.6596 0.4915 0.0532 0.01116 6.406
105 5.919
106 2.860 0.938 0.00191 0.000460
90 164.8 30.00 1.5549 138.2 0.6762 0.5103 0.0517 0.01165 6.033
105 6.081
106 2.843 0.959 0.00205 0.000416
100 188.1 29.41 1.7887 133.6 0.6947 0.5315 0.0501 0.01217 5.675
105 6.256
106 2.831 0.984 0.00222 0.000372
120 241.8 28.13 2.3562 123.2 0.7403 0.5844 0.0472 0.01328 5.000
106 6.644
106 2.825 1.052 0.00267 0.000288
140 306.1 26.69 3.1003 111.1 0.7841 0.6613 0.0442 0.01454 4.358
105 7.111
106 2.784 1.164 0.00338 0.000208
160 382.4 24.98 4.1145 96.4 0.8696 0.7911 0.0411 0.01603 3.733
105 7.719
106 2.845 1.371 0.00459 0.000133
180 472.9 22.79 5.6265 77.1 1.1436 1.0813 0.0376 0.01793 3.083
105 8.617
106 3.380 1.870 0.00791 0.000065
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m/r and a k/rcp n/Pr. The properties listed here
(except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit Btu/lbm·F for specific heat is equivalent to Btu/lbm·R, and the unit Btu/h·ft·F for thermal conductivity is equivalent to Btu/h·ft·R.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Reiner Tillner-Roth, “Fundamental Equations of
State,” Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998; B. A. Younglove and J. F. Ely. “Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and
Normal Butane,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987; G. R. Somayajulu, “A Generalized Equation for Surface Tension from the Triple-Point to the
Critical-Point,” International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1988.
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill 839
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 2 | 837
TABLE A–19E
Properties of liquids
Volume
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl Expansion
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number Coeff. b,
T, F r, Ibm/ft3 cp, Btu/Ibm·R k, Btu/h·ft·R a, ft2/s m, Ibm/ft·s n, ft2/s Pr 1/R
Methane (CH4)
Methanol [CH3(OH)]
Isobutane (R600a)
Glycerin
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
840 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–20E
Properties of liquid metals
Volume
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl Expansion
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number Coeff. b,
T, F r, Ibm/ft3 cp, Btu/Ibm·R k, Btu/h·ft·R a, ft2/s m, Ibm/ft·s n, ft2/s Pr 1/R
Mercury (Hg) Melting Point: 38 F
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill 841
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 2 | 839
TABLE A–21E
Ideal-gas properties of air
T h u s° T h u s°
R Btu/lbm Pr Btu/lbm vr Btu/lbm · R R Btu/lbm Pr Btu/lbm vr Btu/lbm · R
360 85.97 0.3363 61.29 396.6 0.50369 1600 395.74 71.13 286.06 8.263 0.87130
380 90.75 0.4061 64.70 346.6 0.51663 1650 409.13 80.89 296.03 7.556 0.87954
400 95.53 0.4858 68.11 305.0 0.52890 1700 422.59 90.95 306.06 6.924 0.88758
420 100.32 0.5760 71.52 270.1 0.54058 1750 436.12 101.98 316.16 6.357 0.89542
440 105.11 0.6776 74.93 240.6 0.55172 1800 449.71 114.0 326.32 5.847 0.90308
460 109.90 0.7913 78.36 215.33 0.56235 1850 463.37 127.2 336.55 5.388 0.91056
480 114.69 0.9182 81.77 193.65 0.57255 1900 477.09 141.5 346.85 4.974 0.91788
500 119.48 1.0590 85.20 174.90 0.58233 1950 490.88 157.1 357.20 4.598 0.92504
520 124.27 1.2147 88.62 158.58 0.59173 2000 504.71 174.0 367.61 4.258 0.93205
537 128.10 1.3593 91.53 146.34 0.59945 2050 518.71 192.3 378.08 3.949 0.93891
540 129.06 1.3860 92.04 144.32 0.60078 2100 532.55 212.1 388.60 3.667 0.94564
560 133.86 1.5742 95.47 131.78 0.60950 2150 546.54 223.5 399.17 3.410 0.95222
580 138.66 1.7800 98.90 120.70 0.61793 2200 560.59 256.6 409.78 3.176 0.95919
600 143.47 2.005 102.34 110.88 0.62607 2250 574.69 281.4 420.46 2.961 0.96501
620 148.28 2.249 105.78 102.12 0.63395 2300 588.82 308.1 431.16 2.765 0.97123
640 153.09 2.514 109.21 94.30 0.64159 2350 603.00 336.8 441.91 2.585 0.97732
660 157.92 2.801 112.67 87.27 0.64902 2400 617.22 367.6 452.70 2.419 0.98331
680 162.73 3.111 116.12 80.96 0.65621 2450 631.48 400.5 463.54 2.266 0.98919
700 167.56 3.446 119.58 75.25 0.66321 2500 645.78 435.7 474.40 2.125 0.99497
720 172.39 3.806 123.04 70.07 0.67002 2550 660.12 473.3 485.31 1.996 1.00064
740 177.23 4.193 126.51 65.38 0.67665 2600 674.49 513.5 496.26 1.876 1.00623
760 182.08 4.607 129.99 61.10 0.68312 2650 688.90 556.3 507.25 1.765 1.01172
780 186.94 5.051 133.47 57.20 0.68942 2700 703.35 601.9 518.26 1.662 1.01712
800 191.81 5.526 136.97 53.63 0.69558 2750 717.83 650.4 529.31 1.566 1.02244
820 196.69 6.033 140.47 50.35 0.70160 2800 732.33 702.0 540.40 1.478 1.02767
840 201.56 6.573 143.98 47.34 0.70747 2850 746.88 756.7 551.52 1.395 1.03282
860 206.46 7.149 147.50 44.57 0.71323 2900 761.45 814.8 562.66 1.318 1.03788
880 211.35 7.761 151.02 42.01 0.71886 2950 776.05 876.4 573.84 1.247 1.04288
900 216.26 8.411 154.57 39.64 0.72438 3000 790.68 941.4 585.04 1.180 1.04779
920 221.18 9.102 158.12 37.44 0.72979 3050 805.34 1011 596.28 1.118 1.05264
940 226.11 9.834 161.68 35.41 0.73509 3100 820.03 1083 607.53 1.060 1.05741
960 231.06 10.61 165.26 33.52 0.74030 3150 834.75 1161 618.82 1.006 1.06212
980 236.02 11.43 168.83 31.76 0.74540 3200 849.48 1242 630.12 0.955 1.06676
1000 240.98 12.30 172.43 30.12 0.75042 3250 864.24 1328 641.46 0.907 1.07134
1040 250.95 14.18 179.66 27.17 0.76019 3300 879.02 1418 652.81 0.8621 1.07585
1080 260.97 16.28 186.93 24.58 0.76964 3350 893.83 1513 664.20 0.8202 1.08031
1120 271.03 18.60 194.25 22.30 0.77880 3400 908.66 1613 675.60 0.7807 1.08470
1160 281.14 21.18 201.63 20.29 0.78767 3450 923.52 1719 687.04 0.7436 1.08904
1200 291.30 24.01 209.05 18.51 0.79628 3500 938.40 1829 698.48 0.7087 1.09332
1240 301.52 27.13 216.53 16.93 0.80466 3550 953.30 1946 709.95 0.6759 1.09755
1280 311.79 30.55 224.05 15.52 0.81280 3600 968.21 2068 721.44 0.6449 1.10172
1320 322.11 34.31 231.63 14.25 0.82075 3650 983.15 2196 732.95 0.6157 1.10584
1360 332.48 38.41 239.25 13.12 0.82848 3700 998.11 2330 744.48 0.5882 1.10991
1400 342.90 42.88 246.93 12.10 0.83604 3750 1013.1 2471 756.04 0.5621 1.11393
1440 353.37 47.75 254.66 11.17 0.84341 3800 1028.1 2618 767.60 0.5376 1.11791
1480 363.89 53.04 262.44 10.34 0.85062 3850 1043.1 2773 779.19 0.5143 1.12183
1520 374.47 58.78 270.26 9.578 0.85767 3900 1058.1 2934 790.80 0.4923 1.12571
1560 385.08 65.00 278.13 8.890 0.86456 3950 1073.2 3103 802.43 0.4715 1.12955
(Continued)
842 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–21E
Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded)
T h u s° T h u s°
R Btu/lbm Pr Btu/lbm vr Btu/lbm · R R Btu/lbm Pr Btu/lbm vr Btu/lbm · R
4000 1088.3 3280 814.06 0.4518 1.13334 4600 1270.4 6089 955.04 0.2799 1.17575
4050 1103.4 3464 825.72 0.4331 1.13709 4700 1300.9 6701 978.73 0.2598 1.18232
4100 1118.5 3656 837.40 0.4154 1.14079 4800 1331.5 7362 1002.5 0.2415 1.18876
4150 1133.6 3858 849.09 0.3985 1.14446 4900 1362.2 8073 1026.3 0.2248 1.19508
4200 1148.7 4067 860.81 0.3826 1.14809 5000 1392.9 8837 1050.1 0.2096 1.20129
4300 1179.0 4513 884.28 0.3529 1.15522 5100 1423.6 9658 1074.0 0.1956 1.20738
4400 1209.4 4997 907.81 0.3262 1.16221 5200 1454.4 10,539 1098.0 0.1828 1.21336
4500 1239.9 5521 931.39 0.3019 1.16905 5300 1485.3 11,481 1122.0 0.1710 1.21923
Note: The properties Pr (relative pressure) and vr (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and
should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume.
Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 832–33, Table A–5. Originally published in J. H. Keenan and
J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948).
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill 843
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 2 | 841
TABLE A–22E
Properties of air at 1 atm pressure
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, F r, Ibm/ft3 cp, Btu/Ibm·R k, Btu/h·ft·R a, ft2/s m, Ibm/ft·s n, ft2/s Pr
300 0.24844 0.5072 0.00508 1.119
105 4.039
106 1.625
105 1.4501
200 0.15276 0.2247 0.00778 6.294
105 6.772
106 4.433
105 0.7042
100 0.11029 0.2360 0.01037 1.106
104 9.042
106 8.197
105 0.7404
50 0.09683 0.2389 0.01164 1.397
104 1.006
105 1.039
104 0.7439
0 0.08630 0.2401 0.01288 1.726
104 1.102
105 1.278
104 0.7403
10 0.08446 0.2402 0.01312 1.797
104 1.121
105 1.328
104 0.7391
20 0.08270 0.2403 0.01336 1.868
104 1.140
105 1.379
104 0.7378
30 0.08101 0.2403 0.01361 1.942
104 1.158
105 1.430
104 0.7365
40 0.07939 0.2404 0.01385 2.016
104 1.176
105 1.482
104 0.7350
50 0.07783 0.2404 0.01409 2.092
104 1.194
105 1.535
104 0.7336
60 0.07633 0.2404 0.01433 2.169
104 1.212
105 1.588
104 0.7321
70 0.07489 0.2404 0.01457 2.248
104 1.230
105 1.643
104 0.7306
80 0.07350 0.2404 0.01481 2.328
104 1.247
105 1.697
104 0.7290
90 0.07217 0.2404 0.01505 2.409
104 1.265
105 1.753
104 0.7275
100 0.07088 0.2405 0.01529 2.491
104 1.281
105 1.809
104 0.7260
110 0.06963 0.2405 0.01552 2.575
104 1.299
105 1.866
104 0.7245
120 0.06843 0.2405 0.01576 2.660
104 1.316
105 1.923
104 0.7230
130 0.06727 0.2405 0.01599 2.746
104 1.332
105 1.981
104 0.7216
140 0.06615 0.2406 0.01623 2.833
104 1.349
105 2.040
104 0.7202
150 0.06507 0.2406 0.01646 2.921
104 1.365
105 2.099
104 0.7188
160 0.06402 0.2406 0.01669 3.010
104 1.382
105 2.159
104 0.7174
170 0.06300 0.2407 0.01692 3.100
104 1.398
105 2.220
104 0.7161
180 0.06201 0.2408 0.01715 3.191
104 1.414
105 2.281
104 0.7148
190 0.06106 0.2408 0.01738 3.284
104 1.430
105 2.343
104 0.7136
200 0.06013 0.2409 0.01761 3.377
104 1.446
105 2.406
104 0.7124
250 0.05590 0.2415 0.01874 3.857
104 1.524
105 2.727
104 0.7071
300 0.05222 0.2423 0.01985 4.358
104 1.599
105 3.063
104 0.7028
350 0.04899 0.2433 0.02094 4.879
104 1.672
105 3.413
104 0.6995
400 0.04614 0.2445 0.02200 5.419
104 1.743
105 3.777
104 0.6971
450 0.04361 0.2458 0.02305 5.974
104 1.812
105 4.154
104 0.6953
500 0.04134 0.2472 0.02408 6.546
104 1.878
105 4.544
104 0.6942
600 0.03743 0.2503 0.02608 7.732
104 2.007
105 5.361
104 0.6934
700 0.03421 0.2535 0.02800 8.970
104 2.129
105 6.225
104 0.6940
800 0.03149 0.2568 0.02986 1.025
103 2.247
105 7.134
104 0.6956
900 0.02917 0.2599 0.03164 1.158
103 2.359
105 8.087
104 0.6978
1000 0.02718 0.2630 0.03336 1.296
103 2.467
105 9.080
104 0.7004
1500 0.02024 0.2761 0.04106 2.041
103 2.957
105 1.460
103 0.7158
2000 0.01613 0.2855 0.04752 2.867
103 3.379
105 2.095
103 0.7308
2500 0.01340 0.2922 0.05309 3.765
103 3.750
105 2.798
103 0.7432
3000 0.01147 0.2972 0.05811 4.737
103 4.082
105 3.560
103 0.7516
3500 0.01002 0.3010 0.06293 5.797
103 4.381
105 4.373
103 0.7543
4000 0.00889 0.3040 0.06789 6.975
103 4.651
105 5.229
103 0.7497
Note: For ideal gases, the properties cp, k, m, and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r, n, and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are
determined by multiplying the values of r at the given temperature by P and by dividing n and a by P.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 1984;
and Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity, Y. S. Touloukian, P. E. Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 11: Viscosity, Y. S. Touloukian,
S. C. Saxena, and P. Hestermans, IFI/Plenun, NY, 1970, ISBN 0-306067020-8.
844 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–23E
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, F r, Ibm/ft3 cp, Btu/Ibm·R k, Btu/h·ft·R a, ft2/s m, Ibm/ft·s n, ft2/s Pr
Methane, CH4
Hydrogen, H2
Appendix 2 | 843
TABLE A–23E
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure (Concluded)
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, F r, Ibm/ft3 cp, Btu/Ibm·R k, Btu/h·ft·R a, ft2/s m, Ibm/ft·s n, ft2/s Pr
Nitrogen, N2
Note: For ideal gases, the properties cp, k, m, and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r, n, and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are
determined by multiplying the values of r at the given temperature by P and by dividing n and a by P.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
846 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–24E
Properties of solid metals
Properties at 540 R Properties at Various Temperatures (R),
Melting k (Btu/h · ft · R)/cp(Btu/lbm · R)
Point, r cp (Btu/ k (Btu/ a
106
Composition R Ibm/ft3 Ibm · R) h · ft · R) ft2/s 180 360 720 1080 1440 1800
Aluminum 1679 168 0.216 137 1045 174.5 137 138.6 133.4 126
Pure 0.115 0.191 0.226 0.246 0.273
Alloy 2024-T6 1395 173 0.209 102.3 785.8 37.6 94.2 107.5 107.5
(4.5% Cu, 1.5% Mg,
0.6% Mn) 0.113 0.188 0.22 0.249
Alloy 195, cast (4.5% Cu) 174.2 0.211 97 734 100.5 106.9
Beryllium 2790 115.5 0.436 115.6 637.2 572 174 93 72.8 61.3 52.5
0.048 0.266 0.523 0.621 0.624 0.72
Bismuth 981 610.5 0.029 4.6 71 9.5 5.6 4.06
0.026 0.028 0.03
Boron 4631 156 0.264 15.6 105 109.7 32.06 9.7 6.1 5.5 5.7
0.03 0.143 0.349 0.451 0.515 0.558
Cadmium 1069 540 0.055 55.6 521 117.3 57.4 54.7
0.047 0.053 0.057
Chromium 3812 447 0.107 54.1 313.2 91.9 64.1 52.5 46.6 41.2 37.8
0.045 0.091 0.115 0.129 0.138 0.147
Cobalt 3184 553.2 0.101 57.3 286.3 96.5 70.5 49.3 39 33.6 80.1
0.056 0.09 0.107 0.12 0.131 0.145
Copper 2445 559 0.092 231.7 1259.3 278.5 238.6 227.07 219 212 203.4
Pure 0.06 0.085 0.094 0.01 0.103 0.107
Commercial bronze 2328 550 0.1 30 150.7 24.3 30 34
(90% Cu, 10% Al) 0.187 0.109 0.130
Phosphor gear bronze 1987 548.1 0.084 31.2 183 23.7 37.6 42.8
(89% Cu, 11% Sn) — — —
Cartridge brass 2139 532.5 0.09 63.6 364.9 43.3 54.9 79.2 86.0
(70% Cu, 30% Zn) 0.09 0.09 0.101
Constantan 2687 557 0.092 13.3 72.3 9.8 1.1
(55% Cu, 45% Ni) 0.06 0.09
Germanium 2180 334.6 0.08 34.6 373.5 134 56 25 15.7 11.4 10.05
0.045 0.069 0.08 0.083 0.085 0.089
Gold 2405 1205 0.03 183.2 1367 189 186.6 179.7 172.2 164.09 156
0.026 0.029 0.031 0.032 0.033 0.034
Iridium 4896 1404.6 0.031 85 541.4 99.4 88.4 83.2 79.7 76.3 72.8
0.021 0.029 0.031 0.032 0.034 0.036
Iron: 3258 491.3 0.106 46.4 248.6 77.4 54.3 40.2 31.6 25.01 19
Pure 0.051 0.091 0.117 0.137 0.162 0.232
Armco 491.3 0.106 42 222.8 55.2 46.6 38 30.7 24.4 18.7
(99.75% pure) 0.051 0.091 0.117 0.137 0.162 0.233
Carbon steels 490.3 0.103 35 190.6 32.8 27.7 22.7 17.4
Plain carbon (Mn 1%,
Si 0.1%) 0.116 0.113 0.163 0.279
AISI 1010 489 0.103 37 202.4 33.9 28.2 22.7 18
0.116 0.133 0.163 0.278
Carbon-silicon 488 0.106 30 160.4 28.8 25.4 21.6 17
(Mn 1%,
0.1% Si 0.6%) 0.119 0.139 0.166 0.231
Carbon-manganese-silicon 508 0.104 23.7 125 24.4 23 20.2 16
(1% Mn 1.65%, 0.116 0.133 0.163 0.260
0.1% Si 0.6%)
Chromium (low) steels: 488.3 0.106 21.8 117.4 22 21.2 19.3 15.6
1 Cr–1 Mo–Si 0.117 0.137 0.164 0.23
2 4
(0.18% C, 0.65% Cr,
0.23% Mo, 0.6% Si)1
1 Cr12 Mo (0.16% C, 490.6 0.106 24.5 131.3 24.3 22.6 20 15.8
1% Cr, 0.54% Mo, 0.39% Si) 0.117 0.137 0.164 0.231
1 Cr–V 489.2 0.106 28.3 151.8 27.0 24.3 21 16.3
(0.2% C, 1.02% Cr, 0.15% V) 0.117 0.137 0.164 0.231
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill 847
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
Appendix 2 | 845
TABLE A–24E
Properties of solid metals (Continued)
Properties at 540 R Properties at Various Temperatures (R),
Melting k (Btu/h · ft · R)/cp (Btu/lbm · R)
Point, r cp(Btu/ k (Btu/ a
106
Composition R Ibm/ft3 Ibm · R) h · ft · R) ft2/s 180 360 720 1080 1440 1800
Source: Tables A–24E and A–25E are obtained from the respective tables in SI units in Appendix 1 using proper conversion factors.
848 Çengel: Introduction to Back Matter Appendix 2: Property © The McGraw−Hill
Thermodynamics and Heat Tables and Charts (English Companies, 2008
Transfer, Second Edition Units)
TABLE A–25E
Properties of solid non-metals
Properties at 540 R Properties at Various Temperatures (R),
Melting k (Btu/h · ft · R)/cp (Btu/lbm · R)
Point, r cp (Btu/ k (Btu/ a
106
Composition R Ibm/ft3 Ibm · R) h · ft · R) ft2/s 180 360 720 1080 1440 1800
Aluminum oxide, 4181 247.8 0.182 26.6 162.5 260 47.4 18.7 11 7.5 6
sapphire — — 0.224 0.265 0.281 0.293
Aluminum oxide 4181 247.8 0.182 20.8 128 76.8 31.7 15.3 9.3 6 4.5
polycrystalline 0.244 0.265 0.281 0.293
Beryilium oxide 4905 187.3 0.246 157.2 947.3 113.2 64.2 40.4 27.2
0.322 0.40 0.44 0.459
Boron 4631 156 0.264 16 107.5 109.8 30.3 10.8 6.5 4.6 3.6
0.355 0.445 0.509 0.561
Boron fiber epoxy 1062 130
(30% vol.) composite
k, || to fibers 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.31
k, ⬜ to fibers 0.34 0.21 0.28 0.34
cp 0.268 0.086 0.18 0.34
Carbon 2700 121.7 — 0.92 — 0.38 0.68 1.09 1.26 1.36 1.46
Amorphous Diamond,
type lla — 219 0.121 1329 — 5778 2311.2 889.8
insulator 0.005 0.046 0.203
Graphite, pyrolytic 4091 138
k, || to layers 1126.7 2871.6 1866.3 803.2 515.4 385.4 308.5
k, ⬜ to layers 3.3 9.7 5.3 2.4 1.5 1.16 0.92
cp 0.169 0.32 0.098 0.236 0.335 0.394 0.428
Graphite fiber epoxy 810 87.4
(25% vol.) composite
k, heat flow || to fibers 6.4 3.3 5.0 7.5
k, heat flow ⬜ to fibers 0.5 5 0.4 0.63
cp 0.223 0.08 0.153 0.29
Pyroceram, Corning 9606 2921 162.3 0.193 2.3 20.3 3.0 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.7
Silicon carbide, 5580 197.3 0.161 283.1 2475.7 — — — 50.3
0.210 0.25 0.27 0.285
Silicon dioxide,
crystalline (quartz) 3389 165.4
k, || to c-axis 6 22.5 9.5 4.4 2.9 2.4
k, ⬜ to c-axis 3.6 12.0 5.9 2.7 2 1.8
cp 0.177 0.211 0.256 0.298
Silicon dioxide, 3389 138.6 0.177 0.79 9 0.4 0.65 0.87 1.01 1.25 1.65
polycrystalline (fused silica) — — 0.216 0.248 0.264 0.276
Silicon nitride 3911 150 0.165 9.2 104 — — 8.0 6.5 5.7 5.0
— 0.138 0.185 0.223 0.253 0.275
Sulfur 706 130 0.169 0.1 1.51 0.095 0.1
0.962 0.144
Thorium dioxide 6431 568.7 0.561 7.5 65.7 5.9 3.8 2.7 2.12
0.609 0.654 0.680 0.704
Titanium dioxide, 3840 259.5 0.170 4.9 30.1 4.0 2.9 2.3 2
polycrystalline 0.192 0.210 0.217 0.222
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