Physics 73.1 R&D Part 2
Physics 73.1 R&D Part 2
Physics 73.1 R&D Part 2
When white light passes through the tiny slits in the diffraction grating, it breaks up into its constituent colors,
each color interfering constructively at different positions. Hence, the condition for constructive interference is used,
where d is the distance between grooves, is the angular displacement, is the wavelength of the emission lines,
and m is the order of diffraction and is integer-valued (m=0,1,...). From the equation,
1
d= (2)
D
D, which is the diffraction grating constant, could be solved from the value of d.
Substituting (2) in (1), we get
|Dexperimental Dtheoretical|
percent error= (3)
D theoretical
Table 1 shows the direct image angle used in the experiment and the confirmed alignment of the grating in the
spectrometer with a mean difference of 30.5.
Table 2: First Order Average Angular Displacement on Diffraction Grating Constant (100 lines/mm)
Angular Experimental Theoretical %Error
Grating Color sin
Displacement Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm)
Violet 1.529 0.0346 346.08 404.66 14.48%
Blue Violet (Bright) 229 0.0433 433.28 435.83 0.585%
Blue Green (Faint) 3 0.0523 523.35 491.60 6.459%
Green (Bright) 342 0.0645 645.32 546.07 18.18%
Yellow (Bright) 322 0.0587 587.25 579.06 1.414%
Table 3:Second Order Average Angular Displacement on Diffraction Grating Constant (100 lines/mm)
Tables 2 and 3 above shows the average angular displacement swept by the telescope in the spectrometer, which
corresponds to the angular displacement of the light diffracted. It also shows the corresponding diffraction grating
constant for each wavelength and angular displacement. The experimental wavelength was computed by using
equation 1. Values are close to their respective theoretical values which validates the condition for constructive
interference.
From the tables, we can observe that the higher the diffraction grating constant, the farther the distance of the
spectral lines from the maximum band, which is manifested by the average angular displacement.
Figure 2 shows the wavelength of colored bands emitted from the light source in a mercury lamp.
Diffraction Grating Constant(First Order)
0.07
0.06 f(x) = 0.01x + 0.03
R = 0.84
0.05
0.04
sin 0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
Theoretical Wavelength(mm)
Figure 3 above shows the graph of sin vs wavelength. From the equation generated from the graph, diffraction
grating constant 1st order = 144.927 lines/mm. Hence, we have 44.92% error from the real diffraction grating
constant which is 100 lines/mm.
0.04
0.02
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
Theoretical Wavelength(mm)
Acknowledgements
This experiment was done with the help of lab instructor, Mr. Hernanie Salazar.
References
[1] http://www.spacetoday.org/SolSys/Spectrometers/Spectrometers.html
[2] http://www.math.ubc.ca/~cass/courses/m309-03a/m309-projects/krzak/index.html
[3] http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/opt/mch/diff.rxml
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