Chapter 2. Classification of Mechanical Ventilators and Modes of Ventilation
Chapter 2. Classification of Mechanical Ventilators and Modes of Ventilation
Chapter 2. Classification of Mechanical Ventilators and Modes of Ventilation
ClassificationofMechanicalVentilatorsandModesofVentilation|PrinciplesandPracticeofMechanicalVentilation,3e|AccessMedicine|
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Chapter2.ClassificationofMechanicalVentilatorsandModesofVentilation
RobertL.Chatburn
Agoodventilatorclassificationschemedescribeshowventilatorsworkingeneralterms,butwithenoughdetailsothatoneparticularmodelcanbedistinguished
fromothers.Itfacilitatesdescriptionbyfocusingonkeyattributesinalogicalandconsistentmanner.Acleardescriptionallowsustoquicklyassessnewfactsin
relationtoourpreviousknowledge.Learningtheoperationofanewventilatorordescribingittoothersthenbecomesmucheasier.Understandinghowthe
ventilatoroperates,wecanthenanticipateappropriateventilatormanagementstrategiesforparticularclinicalsituations.Theclassificationsystemdescribedinthis
chapterisbasedonpreviouslypublishedwork.17
Aventilatorissimplyamachine,asystemofrelatedelementsdesignedtoalter,transmit,anddirectenergyinapredeterminedmannertoperformusefulwork.We
putenergyintotheventilatorintheformofelectricity(energy=voltsampstime)orcompressedgas(energy=pressurevolume).Thatenergyistransmitted
ortransformed(bytheventilatorsdrivemechanism)inapredeterminedmanner(bythecontrolcircuit)toaugmentorreplacethepatientsmusclesinperforming
theworkofbreathing.Thustounderstandmechanicalventilatorsingeneral,wemustfirstunderstandtheirbasicfunctions:(a)powerinput,(b)powertransmission
orconversion,(c)controlscheme,and(d)output.Thissimpleformatcanbeexpandedtoaddasmuchdetailasdesired(Table21).
Table21:OutlineofVentilatorClassificationSystem
Adiscussionofinputpowersourcesandpowerconversionandtransmissionisbeyondthescopeofthischapterthesetopicshavebeentreatedelsewhere.7,8
Thechapterdoes,however,exploreindetailcontrolschemesandventilatormodesbecausethesedirectlyaffectpatientmanagement.
ModelsofPatientVentilatorInteraction
...
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