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    Reflexes Neonatal

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    dr parveen bathla
    Neonatal reflexes are inborn reflexes present at birth that occur in predictable ways and help with development. They emerge in utero and are normally inhibited as a child matures. Abnormal or persistent primitive reflexes can indicate neurological problems and may result in issues like dysphagia or delayed speech. Testing primitive reflexes in children and adults can provide information about neurological development or breakdown.

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    Reflexes Neonatal

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    dr parveen bathla
    276 views15 pages
    Neonatal reflexes are inborn reflexes present at birth that occur in predictable ways and help with development. They emerge in utero and are normally inhibited as a child matures. Abnormal or persistent primitive reflexes can indicate neurological problems and may result in issues like dysphagia or delayed speech. Testing primitive reflexes in children and adults can provide information about neurological development or breakdown.

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    Neonatal reflexes are inborn reflexes present at birth that occur in predictable ways and help with development. They emerge in utero and are normally inhibited as a child matures. Abnormal or persistent primitive reflexes can indicate neurological problems and may result in issues like dysphagia or delayed speech. Testing primitive reflexes in children and adults can provide information about neurological development or breakdown.

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    276 views15 pages

    Reflexes Neonatal

    Uploaded by

    dr parveen bathla
    Neonatal reflexes are inborn reflexes present at birth that occur in predictable ways and help with development. They emerge in utero and are normally inhibited as a child matures. Abnormal or persistent primitive reflexes can indicate neurological problems and may result in issues like dysphagia or delayed speech. Testing primitive reflexes in children and adults can provide information about neurological development or breakdown.

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    The document discusses various primitive neonatal reflexes, when they emerge and are typically inhibited, and how abnormal or persistent reflexes can indicate neurological problems.

    Some examples of neonatal reflexes mentioned include the Moro reflex, palmar grasp reflex, Babinski reflex, asymmetric tonic neck reflex, tonic labyrinthine reflex, and galant reflex.

    The Moro reflex is stimulated by sudden movements or loud noises and causes a neonate to throw their arms and legs out and then pull them in. It typically emerges around 8-9 weeks in utero and is inhibited by 16 weeks.

    Neonatal Reflexes

    Neonatal reflexes are inborn


    reflexes which are present at
    birth and occur in a
    predictable fashion. A
    normally developing
    newborn should respond to
    certain stimuli with these
    reflexes, which eventually
    become inhibited as the child
    matures.
    What do Primitive
    Reflexes Have to
    do With Speech Pathology?
    Most primitive reflexes begin to occur in
    uterothrough the early months of the childs postnatal
    life.
    These reflexes are then replaced by voluntary motor
    skills.
    When the reflexes are not inhibited, there is usually
    a neurologicalproblemat hand.
    In those individuals with cerebral palsy and
    neurogenicdysphagia, the presence of primitive
    reflexes is a characteristic (Jacobson, p.44).
    Moro Reflex
    Stimulated by a sudden movement or loud noise.
    A normally developing neonate will respond by
    throwing out the arms and legs and then pulling them
    towards the body (Childrens Health Encyclopedia).
    Emerges 8-9 weeks in utero, and is inhibited by 16
    weeks (Grupen).

    Normal Moro Reflex

    Abnormal Moro Reflex born_n_23.m born_ab_23.mww


    PalmarGrasp
    Stimulated when an object is placed into the babys palm.
    A normally developing neonate responds by grasping the
    object.
    This reflex emerges 11 wks in utero, and is inhibited 2-3
    months after birth.
    A persistent palmargrasp reflex may cause issues such as
    swallowing problems and delayed speech (Grupen).

    Normal PalmarGrasp

    Abnormal PalmarGraspwborn_n_26.mborn_ab_26
    Babinski(Plantar) Reflex
    Stimulated by stroking the sole of the foot:
    toes of the foot should fan out
    the foot itself should curl in.
    Emerges at 18 weeks in uteroand disappears by 6
    months after birth (Grupen).

    Normal Babinski

    Abnormal Babinski born_ab_21.m born_n_21.mww


    Asymmetric Tonic Neck
    Reflex
    The child is placed on their back and will:
    make fists
    turn their head to the right.
    This reflex is present at 18 wks in utero
    Disappears by 6 months after birth (Grupen).

    Normal Tonic Neck Reflex at 3 Months03mo_17.mov


    Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
    Arms and legs extend when head moves
    backward (away from spine), and will curl in
    when the head moves forward.
    Emerges in uterountil approximately four
    months post-natally.
    GalantReflex
    The neonates back is stimulated
    their trunk and hips should move toward the side of the stimulus.
    This reflex emerges 20 wks in uteroand is inhibited by 9
    months.

    This turning of the torso aides in neonatal and toddler


    movement, such as crawling and walking.

    However, if the reflex persists, it can effect walking posture


    (Grupen).

    Normal GalantReflex

    Abnormal GalantReflexewborn_n_24.mowborn_ab_24.m
    Stepping Reflex
    Neonate will make walking motions with legs and
    feet when held in an upright position with the feet
    touching the ground.
    This reflex appears at birth, lasts for 3-4 months,
    then reappears at 12-24 months.

    Normal Stepping Reflex

    Abnormal Stepping Reflexnewborn_n_25.movnewborn_ab_25.mov


    Landaus Reflex
    When neonate is placed on stomach, their back
    arches and head raises.
    Emerges at 3 months post-natallyand lasts until the
    child is 12 months old.
    If this reflex does not occur, it is an indication of a
    motor development issue
    generalized intellectual impairment
    cerebral palsy
    (Neonatal Reflexes).

    Normal Landau Reflex at 6 Months06mo_12.mov


    Rooting Reflex
    The babys cheek is stroked:
    they respond by turning their head towards the stimulus
    they start sucking, thus allowing for breastfeeding.
    This reflex is inhibited anywhere between 6 and 12
    months of age. (Neonatal Reflexes)

    Normal Rooting Reflex

    Abnormal Rooting Reflexewborn_n_22.mowborn_ab_22.m


    Primitive Reflexes and
    Swallowing

    Some primitive reflexes interfere with


    achievement of swallowing.
    If the Moro Reflexis strong
    there can be many interruptions with feeding if the child is
    constantly reacting to noises or sudden movements
    A present Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
    may cause problems with the holding and/or positioning
    for feeding,
    can also change the position of hypopharanx, leaving less
    room in the esophagus for food to travel.

    A strong Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex


    can cause constant lateral head turning which may cause
    problemsfor feeding (Jacobson, p.44).
    Normally Persisting Reflexes
    Although it is important that many of these reflexes
    become inhibited as a child matures, there are also
    those reflexes that remain throughout a healthy
    persons life.

    The knee-jerkreflex,
    stimulated by a tap on the tendon located just below the knee
    while person is sitting
    an involuntary upward swinging of the lower leg and foot is a
    response.
    The acoustic reflex,
    stimulated by loud noise.
    The stapediusmuscle contracts in response to this stimulus to
    protect the ear from possible trauma caused by loud sounds.
    The pharyngeal reflex, or gagreflex
    What Do Abnormal or Persistent
    Primitive Reflexes Indicate?
    The normal emergence and inhibition of primitive reflexes is
    extremely important in neonates.
    However, these reflexes should disappear and allow for
    voluntaryskills to replace them.
    Those children who exhibit abnormal reflex patterns most likely
    suffer from a neurological problem which can result in..
    dysphagia,
    delayed speech
    reading problems
    The reemergence of primitive reflexes in adults with a formally
    mature and healthy neurological system can indicate a problem in
    the central and/orperipheral nervous systems.
    Thus, testing for the presence of primitive reflexes in adults can
    determine if there may be neurological breakdown.
    References
    Childrens Health Encyclopedia (2006). Neonatal
    Reflex.Retrieved September 19, 2007 from
    http://www.answers.com/topic/neonatal-
    reflexes?cat=health
    Grupen, Rob. Developmental Reflexes and
    Neurological Structure in Infant Behavior:
    PowerPoint. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
    Jacobson, Barbara H. & Johnson, Alex F.,
    (eds.) (1998). Medical Speech-Language
    Pathology: A PracticionersGuide. New York:
    Stuttgart.
    Neonatal Reflexes. Retrieved September 19, 2007 from
    http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi
    _g2602/is_0004/ai_2602000404
    Larson, Paul D. & Stensaas, Suzanne S. (2005).
    PedineurologicExam; A NeurodevelopmentalApproach. Retrieved
    September 19, 2007 from
    http://library.med.utah.edu/pedineurologicexam/html/home_exam.
    html.

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