Anthony Sleiman

Jazz and Pop

1. Compare and contrast blues and country music. ( 3 similarities and three
differences)
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The country comes from the white American folk and Western music, and the
blues comes from the African slaves and African American culture, but they come from
the same geographic location. The lyrics of these to genres are about love and loss,
betrayal, vindication, mostly sad songs. Most blues songs follow traditional musical
rhythms and patterns, with time-honored chord progressions and a distinctive
syncopation on certain beats. Likewise, blues songs have a certain instrumentation that
can include a harmonica, an upright or electric bass, an electric guitar, a piano or
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electric keyboard and drums. Country music, on the other hand, is less rhythm-driven
and is often played with a heavier reliance on strings, such as guitars, fiddles, banjos,
mandolins and other string instruments. Blues and country musicians had the same
socioeconomic status, and became commercials by the radio and recording.

2.Howdidradioinfluencethedevelopmentofcountrymusic?
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Theradiohelpedtobroadcastandrecordcountrymusic.Thisleadtolive
appearancesondifferentplaces.

3.HowdidRalphPeerinfluencedcountrymusic?Includeinyouranswerthe
influenceofthemusiclicensingindustry.

Ralph Peer (1892-1960) is often credited with creating the country music
business. Peer was a New York-based artist and repertory man for two of the largest
early recording companies that were Okeh and Victor records in the '20s and '30s.
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Peer's singular gift was for identifying music that was outside the popular
mainstream but ripe for exposure to a market. On the suggestion of a local record
dealer, Peer traveled to Atlanta to record Fidddlin' John Carson in 1923. After the
Carson record became a regional hit, Peer was convinced that an untapped mass
audience might exist for the music of the rural South and Appalachia.

In 1927, Peer held a recording session in Bristol, Tennessee that drew musicians
from the surrounding area. That session turned out to be what many regard as the most
important moment in the history of country music and introduced the nation to a
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handful of performers that would influence the development of country music for
decades.

4.WhatarethethreestagesinthedevelopmentofLatinmusic?
Consideranexoticnovelty
Musicianscreatedhybridstyles
Partoftheculture
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5.Whendidsalsabecomeanimportantstyleofmusicandhowisitdifferentthan
earlierstyles?

SalsabecameanAmericanbasedlatinreturntorootsmovementanditwas
anaffirmationofthedistinctlyafroCaribbeanidentityoftheuptownmambostyle
popularduring1940sand1950s.Salsawasdifferentfromotherstylesinthe
instrumentationsthatisused,thelyricsandthestyleofdances.

6.Whatisthemostimportantrhythminstrument/patterninAfroCubanmusic?
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The most important rhythm instrument/pattern in Afro Cuban music is the two
main clave patterns known as the son clave and the rumba clave.

7.GivethreeexamplesofhowLatinmusichasinfluencedpopularmusicinthe
UnitedStates.Discusstheseinfluencesintermsoftheelementsofmusic,i.e.rhythm,
harmony,melody,ensembleetc.
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Montunopianopatterns:Thepianistinsalsabandplaysactive,syncopated
patternsoverandover.
Dense,percussionrichtexture:Adenserhythmictexturefeaturingseveral
characteristics,Cubanpercussioninstruments.
Tumbaobass:Salsabassistplayaclavederivedpatternthatcomeonoffboats
ratherthanmakingthemainbeatsasinAmericanrhythms.

8.Namethreestylesgavebirthtorockandroll?Whatdidrockandrollgetfrom
eachstyle?
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Electricblues:Contributedwiththeuseoftheelectricguitarreplacinghorns
andpiano.
Jumpband:Contributedwithafasttempoandsimplemelodiesthatconnect
directlytotherhythm,danceableelement.
Boogiewoogie:Contributedwithastyleofsingingtheideaofshoutingstyle,
fastboogieeventsouttherockwithan8beatpattern.

9.Howdidgospelmusiccontributetopopularmusic?
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Gospelwasatraininggroundforsingers.

10.Namethreefamousrockandrollartistsbrieflydescribetheirinfluenceon
popularmusic.

ChuckBerry:Hewas thearchitectofrocknroll.Hecreatedastyle
thatlaterleadtorockmorethananyother.
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LittleRichard:IsaflamboyantAmericansingerandpianistwhosehit
songsinthemid1950sweredefiningmomentsinmomentsinthe
developmentofrockandroll.Hehurledhislyricsasthemicrophone,
periodicallyinterruptingthemwithhistrademarkfalsettohowlsand
woops.Hissinginglikehispianowasmorepercussivethananything
else.
Bill Haley: He began to combine white western swing
with elements of black rhythm and blues; they seemed
temporarily displaced musicians.
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11.Namethreethingsthatcontributedtotheendofrockandroll.

The arrest of Chuck Berry.

12.CompareandcontrastRocknRollandRockaBilly.Stateatleasttwo
similaritiesandtwodifferences.
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Differences:
Instrumentation.
The8beatshuffle
Thedefiningguitarlick
Similarities:
Whitesouthernmusic
Musicfortheyouth
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13.NamethreewaysthatElvisPresleychangedthemusicallandscape.

Hisstagemanner,histeendresscode,hisgreasedpompadourandtheenergy
inhissinglestyle.

14.Whattechnologicalinnovationschangedthewaymusicwasproducedand
recordedintheearly1960s?
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Multitaskrecording.Onthisprocess,musicianswereworkingwithactual
soundsthroughtheentirecreativeprocess.Thisnewtechnologyallowedthe
musicianstoexperimentinmanythingsoftheirworks;also,allowedthemtoputor
removeapartofasongiftheydonotliked.

15.Howdidproducerschangethemusicinthelate50early60s?

Asrockandrollbecameafinancialsuccess,recordcompaniesandproducers
thathadconsidereditafadbegantosearchfornewsingers,theygenerallysucceeded
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incommercializingthemusic,robbingitofmuchofitsgutsy,rebelliousquality.In
thelate1950stherewasafadforsentimentallymorbidsongs.