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    Chlorine Contact Time Calculation

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    curlyjockey
    This document provides guidance for surveyors on calculating chlorine contact time (CT) for small water systems. It explains that CT measures the effectiveness of disinfection and is calculated by multiplying the free chlorine concentration by the contact time. A minimum CT of 6 mg-min/L is required by state rules. An example calculation is provided to demonstrate how to determine the CT based on factors like storage tank volume and baffling efficiency, pipe length and diameter, and flow rates. Baffling efficiency estimates are given for different types of storage and pressure tanks to help estimate effective volume.

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    Chlorine Contact Time Calculation

    Uploaded by

    curlyjockey
    1K views2 pages
    This document provides guidance for surveyors on calculating chlorine contact time (CT) for small water systems. It explains that CT measures the effectiveness of disinfection and is calculated by multiplying the free chlorine concentration by the contact time. A minimum CT of 6 mg-min/L is required by state rules. An example calculation is provided to demonstrate how to determine the CT based on factors like storage tank volume and baffling efficiency, pipe length and diameter, and flow rates. Baffling efficiency estimates are given for different types of storage and pressure tanks to help estimate effective volume.

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    Chlorine Contact Time Calculation

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    This document provides guidance for surveyors on calculating chlorine contact time (CT) for small water systems. It explains that CT measures the effectiveness of disinfection and is calculated by multiplying the free chlorine concentration by the contact time. A minimum CT of 6 mg-min/L is required by state rules. An example calculation is provided to demonstrate how to determine the CT based on factors like storage tank volume and baffling efficiency, pipe length and diameter, and flow rates. Baffling efficiency estimates are given for different types of storage and pressure tanks to help estimate effective volume.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views2 pages

    Chlorine Contact Time Calculation

    Uploaded by

    curlyjockey
    This document provides guidance for surveyors on calculating chlorine contact time (CT) for small water systems. It explains that CT measures the effectiveness of disinfection and is calculated by multiplying the free chlorine concentration by the contact time. A minimum CT of 6 mg-min/L is required by state rules. An example calculation is provided to demonstrate how to determine the CT based on factors like storage tank volume and baffling efficiency, pipe length and diameter, and flow rates. Baffling efficiency estimates are given for different types of storage and pressure tanks to help estimate effective volume.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Drinking water tech tips for surveyors:

    Sept. 2011
    DOH 331-343 Updated
    Chlorine contact time for small water systems
    This Tech Tip is a field guide to help surveyors understand the concept of chlorine contact time. We developed this Tech Tip
    is to provide information. You should not use it for design purposes. Washington state drinking water rules (WAC 246-290-
    451) establish minimum chlorine contact times for water sources requiring disinfection. If your water system is required to
    disinfect and meet chlorine contact time, you must have a professional engineer prepare and submit a project report for our
    review and approval.
    To inactivate viruses and bacteria, the minimum disinfection contact time
    measured before the first customer should be 6 milligrams per minute per CT measures the effectiveness of
    liter (6 mg-min/L). This value is called Chlorine Contact Time or CT. To a disinfection process.
    calculate CT, multiply the free chlorine residual concentration (C) times the
    contact time (T). To get the required CT value of 6, adjust the free chlorine CT = Concentration of free chlorine (C mg/L)
    residual concentration or the contact time. X contact time (T Minutes)

    For example, if water enters the system with a free chlorine residual of 0.5 Free chlorine = Concentration measured in
    milligrams per liter (mg/L)
    mg/L and the chlorine is in contact with the water for 10 minutes before it
    reaches the first customer, the CT would be 5 (0.5 mg/L x 10 min = 5 mg-
    min/L). In this case you would increase the chlorine residual to 0.6 to have a CT of 6 (0.6 mg/L x 10 min = 6 mg-min/L).
    The circulation effectiveness or baffling efficiency of a tank is used to determine chlorine contact time. If the water used to
    calculate disinfection contact time moves through a storage tank, pressure tank, or pipes too quickly, the situation is called
    short-circuiting. Some vessels provide better circulation than others do. Water systems often add baffles to lengthen the path
    water travels before it leaves the vessel. For purposes of this Tech Tip, DOH we used a rating system of zero to 100 percent to
    estimate the baffling efficiency of various storage and pressure tanks. For example, pipes have a baffling efficiency of 100
    percent and bladder-type pressure tanks have a baffling efficiency of zero.
    In summary, to calculate CT you must know: 1) The sum of the CTs for each water system component, from the point
    where chlorine is added to the point where it is measured before the first customer. 2) The volume and baffling efficiency of
    each component. 3) The peak flow through each component. 4) The free chlorine residual measured downstream of all the
    components and upstream of the first customer. See the example calculation on Page 2.

    Estimated Baffling Efficiencies for Various Storage and Pressure Tanks

    Poor Circulation Water Level


    Good Circulation
    Water Level
    Baffling Efficiency = 5-10% Baffling Efficiency = 30-50%
    Side View Side View

    Water In Water Out Water In Water Out

    Superior Circulation
    Poor Circulation
    Baffling Efficiency = 70%
    Baffling Efficiency = 10%
    Top View
    Perfect Circulation
    Baffling Efficiency = 100%
    Plug flow through a length of pipe
    No Circulation
    Check Valve
    Baffling Efficiency = 0% Air Poor Circulation
    Water Baffling Efficiency = 10%
    Hydropneumatic Tank

    No Circulation Air No Circulation


    Baffling Efficiency = 0% Water Baffling Efficiency = 0%
    Bladder-Type Pressure Tank
    CT Calculation
    Volume of water:
    Pump off (Must be available at all times during non-emergency conditions):
    Overflow
    Pipe VolumeGallons = LengthFeet x x (DiameterInches / 2)2 x (7.48Gal/Cu. ft. / 144sq. in./sq. ft.)
    Operational Storage (OS)
    Storage VolumeGallons = Baffling Efficiency% x (Fire Suppression StorageGallons + Dead
    StorageGallons) or
    Storage VolumeGallons = Baffling Efficiency% x (Standby StorageGallons + Dead StorageGallons)
    Pump on

    Time it takes to move a volume of water to the first customer:


    Equalizing Storage (ES)
    Time(T)Minutes = Total VolumeGallons / Peak Flow RateGallons per Minute

    Standby (SB) or Fire


    Water System Example:
    suppression storage (FSS) Water Level
    Storage
    Tank First Customer
    Water in Water out


    Dead Storage (DS)
    Pressure
    Tank

    Pump off
    50 feet of Pipe 150 feet of Pipe

    Operational Storage (OS) Well Hypochlorinator

    Pump on
    Storage Tank Pipe
    Baffling Efficiency = 10% (estimated rating) 50 ft. of 3-inch diameter pipe
    Equalizing Storage (ES)
    Total Storage Tank Volume = 30,000 gallons 150 ft. of 3- inch diameter pipe
    Lowest operating volume
    Standby Storage Volume = 10,000 gallon 3.69 gallons per 10 ft
    under normal conditions Dead Storage Volume = 1,000 gallons
    Standby (SB) or Fire
    suppression storage (FSS)
    Pump Capacity Peak Flow
    Dead Storage (DS)
    50 gallons/minute (GPM) 160 gallons/minute (GPM)

    Required Free Chlorine Residual based on this example:


    Pipe Volume = 50 ft. x x (3 inches/2)2 x (7.48 gallons per cu. ft. / 144 sq. in. per sq. ft.)
    When calculating Contact Time, use the = 18 Gallons
    lowest volume of water in the tank under
    peak flow conditions: DS + (SB or FSS) Storage Volume = 10% x (10,000 gallons + 1,000 gallons)
    = 1,100 gallons
    Diameter
    Volume of Water Pipe Volume = 150 ft. x x (3 inches/2)2 x (7.48 gallons per cu. ft. / 144 sq. in. per sq. ft.)
    per 10 Feet of Pipe = 55 gallons
    1 inch 0.41 gallons Time(T) = (18 gallons / 50 GPM) + (1,100 gallons / 160 GPM) + (55 gallons / 160 GPM)
    1 1/2 inch 0.92 gallons = 0.4 Minutes + 6.9 Minutes + 0.3 Minutes
    2 inch 1.64 gallons = 7.6 Minutes
    3 inch 3.69 gallons CTrequired = 6 mg-min/L
    4 inch 6.53 gallons
    Required Free Chlorine Residual (C) = 6 mg-min/L / 7.6 minutes = 0.8 mg/L
    6 inch 14.8 gallons
    8 inch 26.2 gallons For this example, the free chlorine residual at the first service connection
    12 inch 59 gallons must be at least 0.8 mg/L to adequately inactivate bacteria and viruses.

    For more information


    Our publications are online at https://fortress.wa.gov/doh/eh/dw/publications/publications.cfm
    Call our regional office:
    Eastern Region, Spokane Valley Northwest Region, Kent Southwest Region, Tumwater
    509-329-2100 253-395-6750 360-236-3030

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