APPENDIX

D
Bending Moment, Shear
Force, and Deflection of
Beams and Frames

The analysis methods described in Chapter 4 are to be used to find out the bending
moments, shear force, and deflection of beams and frames. However, in this
Appendix, formulae are provided for calculating the same for some beams and
simple frames, which can be used for the design of these structures.
A.D.2 Design of Steel Structures

Propped Cantilevers
Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames A.D.3
A.D.4 Design of Steel Structures
Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames A.D.5
A.D.6 Design of Steel Structures

Equal Span Continuous Beams

Coefficients
I2 h
k= i
I1 L
N = 2k + 3

wL2 wL2
MB = MC = Mmax = + MB
4N 8
wL MB
VA = VD = HA = HD =
2 h

wL2
MB = MC =
8N
3 wL wL MB
VA = VD = HA = HD =
8 8 h
Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames A.D.7

3 PL P MB
MB = MC = VA = VD = HA = HD =
8N 2 h

Ph
MB = MC = +
2
Ph P
VA = VD = HA = HD =
L 2

Pab 3
MB = MC = i
L 2N
Pb Pa MB
VA = VD = HA = HD =
L L h

wh 2 k MC
MB = - +1 HD =
4 2 N h
wh 2 k
MC = - - 1 HA = (wh HD)
4 2 N
wh 2
VA = VD =
2L
A.D.8 Design of Steel Structures

a
Constant: a1 =
h
2
Pc (3 a1 - 1) k Mc
MB = + 1 HA = HD =
2 N h
( 3 a 2 - 1) k
Pc
- 1
1
MC =
2 N
Pc
VD = VA = P VD
L
M1 = HAa M2 = Pc HAa

a
Constant: a1 =
h
Pc (3 a12 - 1) k
MB = MC =
N
Pc - MB
HA = HD = VA = VD = P
h
M1 = HAa M2 = Pc HAa

Coefficients:
I2 h
k= i
I1 L
N1 = k + 2 N2 = 6k + 1
Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames A.D.9

wL2 wL2
MA = MD = MB = MC = = 2MA
12 N1 6 N1
wL2 wL 3 MA
Mmax = + MB VA = VD = HA = HD =
8 2 h

wL2 1 1 wL2 2 1
MA = - MB = +
8 3 N1 8 N 2 8 3 N1 8 N 2

wL2 1 1 wL2 2 1
MD = + MC = -
8 3 N1 8 N 2 8 3 N1 8 N 2

wL 1 wL wL2
VD = 1- VA = VD HA = HD =
8 4 N2 2 8 hN1

PL
MA = MD = + MB = MC = 2MA
8 N1

P 3 MA
VA = VD = HA = HD =
2 h
A.D.10 Design of Steel Structures

Ph 3 k + 1 Ph 3 k
MA = i MB = + i
2 N2 2 N2

Ph 3 k + 1 Ph 3 k
MD = + i MC = i
2 N2 2 N2

P 2 MB
HA = HD = VA = VD =
2 L

Constants: a1 = a/L b1 = b/L

Pab 1 b1 - a1 Pab 1 b1 - a1
MA = + - M= +
L 2 N1 2 N2 L N1 2 N 2

Pab 1 b1 - a1 Pab 1 b1 - a1
MD = + + MC = -
L 2 N1 2 N 2 L 1
N 2 N 2

a1 (b1 - a1 ) 3 Pab
VA = Pb1 1 + VD = P VA HA = HD =
N2 2 LhN1

wh 2 k + 3 4 k + 1 wh 2 k 2k
MA = - - MB = - +
4 6 N1 N 2 4 6 N1 N 2

wh 2 k + 3 4 k + 1 wh 2 k 2k
MD = - + MC = - -
4 6 N1 N 2 4 6 N1 N 2

wh (2 k + 3) wh 2 k
HD = HA = (wh HD) VA = VD =
8 N1 LN 2
Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames A.D.11

a b
Constants: a1 = b1 =
h h
Pc Pcka1(3 a1 - 2)
X1 = [1 + 2b1k 3b12(k + 1)] X2 =
2 N1 2 N1
3 Pcka1
X3 =
N2
Pc
M A = +X 1 - X3 MB = +X2 + X3
2
Pc
MD = +X1 + - X3 MC = +X2 X3
2
Pc X1 - X 2 2 X3
HA = HD = + VD = VA = P VD
2h h L
M1 = MA HAa M2 = MB + HDb

a b
Constants: a1 = b1 =
h h
Pc Pcka1(3 a1 - 2)
X1 = [1 + 2b1k 3b12(k + 1)] X2 =
2 N1 2 N1
Pc
MA = MD = [1 + 2b1k 3b12(k + 1)] = 2X1
N1
Pcka1(3 a1 - 2)
MB = MC = = 2 X2
N1
Pc + M A - MB
VA = VD = P HA = HD =
h
M1 = MA HAa M2 = MB + HDb
A.D.12 Design of Steel Structures

a 3 Paa1k
Constants: a1 = X1 =
h N2
MA = Pa + X1 MB = X1
MD = + Pa X1 M C = X 1
2 X1
VA = VD = HA = HD = P
L

Coefficients:
I2 h f
k= i B=
I1 s h
m=1+B
B = 3k + 2 C = 1 + 2m

K1 = 2(k + 1 + m + m2) K2 = 2(k + B 2)

wL2 k (8 + 15 B ) + B (6 - B )
MA = ME = i
16 N1
2
wL2 k (16 + 15 B ) + B
MB = MD = i
16 N1
wL2
MC = BMA + mMB
8
wL M A - MB
VA = VE = HA = HE =
2 h
Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames A.D.13

2
wh 2 k (k + 6) + kB (15 + 16 B ) + 6 B
Constants: X1 = i
8 N1
wh 2 k (9 B + 8 B 2 - k ) wh 2 (2 k + 1)
X2 = X3 =
8 N1 2 N2
wh 2
MA = X1 X3 MB = +X2 + - X3
4
wh2
ME = X1 + X3 MD = +X2 - X3
4
whf
MC = + BX1 + mX2
4
wh 2 2 X3 wh X1 + X 2
VA = VE = + HE = - HA = (wh HE)
2L L 4 h

a b
Constants: a1 = b1 =
h h
Y1 = Pc[2B2 (1 3b21)k] Y2 = Pc[Bc (3a21 1)k]
Y1 K1 - Y2 R Y2 K 2 - Y1R Pc b - 3 (a1 - b1 )k
X1 = X2 = X3 = i
2 N1 2 N1 2 N2
Pc
MA = X1 X3 MB = +X2 + - X3
2
Pc
ME = X1 + X3 MD = +X2 - X3
2
BPc
MC = + BX1 + mX2
4
M1 = MA HAa M2 = MB + HEb
Pc - 2X 3 Pc X 1 + X 2
VE = VA = P VE HA = HE = -
L 2h h
A.D.14 Design of Steel Structures

wL2 k (8 + 15 B ) + B (6 - B )
Constants: X1 = i
32 N1
2
wL2 k (16 + 15 B ) + B wL2
X2 = i X3 =
32 N1 32 N 2
MA = +X1 X3 MB = X2 X3 ME = +X1 + X3 MD = X2 + X3
wL2
MC = BX1 mX2
16
wL 2 X 3 wL X1 + X 2
VE = - VA = VE HA = HE =
8 L 2 h

wf 2 k (9 B + 4) + B (6 + B )
Constants: X1 =
8 N1
2
wf 2 k (8 + 9 B ) - B wfh 4 b + B
X2 = i X3 = i
8 N1 8 N2
wfh
MA = X1 X3 MB = +X2 + - X3
2
wfh
ME = X1 + X3 MD = +X2 - X3
2
wf 2
MC = + BX1 + mX2
4
wfh (2 + B) 2 X3 wf X1 + X 2
VA = VE = + HE = - HA = (wf HE)
2L L 2 h

Source: Kleinlogel, A., Rahmenformeln, 11th edn, Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn., Berlin, 1949.