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Class X Chapter 10 Circles Maths

Exercise 10.2
Question 1:
From a point Q, the length of the tangent to a circle is 24 cm and the distance of Q
from the centre is 25 cm. The radius of the circle is
(A) 7 cm (B) 12 cm
(C) 15 cm (D) 24.5 cm
Answer:

Let O be the centre of the circle.

Given that,
OQ = 25cm and PQ = 24 cm
As the radius is perpendicular to the tangent at the point of contact,
Therefore, OP PQ
Applying Pythagoras theorem in OPQ, we obtain
OP2 + PQ2 = OQ2
OP2 + 242 = 252
OP2 = 625 576
OP2 = 49
OP = 7
Therefore, the radius of the circle is 7 cm.
Hence, alternative (A) is correct
Question 2:
In the given figure, if TP and TQ are the two tangents to a circle with centre O so

that POQ = 110 , then PTQ is equal to

(A) 60 (B) 70

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Class X Chapter 10 Circles Maths

(C) 80 (D) 90

Answer:
It is given that TP and TQ are tangents.
Therefore, radius drawn to these tangents will be perpendicular to the tangents.
Thus, OP TP and OQ TQ
OPT = 90
OQT = 90
In quadrilateral POQT,

Sum of all interior angles = 360

OPT + POQ +OQT + PTQ = 360

90 + 110 + 90 + PTQ = 360

PTQ = 70
Hence, alternative (B) is correct
Question 3:
If tangents PA and PB from a point P to a circle with centre O are inclined to each

other an angle of 80 , then POA is equal to

(A) 50 (B) 60

(C) 70 (D) 80
Answer:
It is given that PA and PB are tangents.

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Class X Chapter 10 Circles Maths

Therefore, the radius drawn to these tangents will be perpendicular to the tangents.
Thus, OA PA and OB PB
OBP = 90
OAP = 90
In AOBP,

Sum of all interior angles = 360

OAP + APB +PBO + BOA = 360

90 + 80 +90 + BOA = 360

BOA = 100
In OPB and OPA,
AP = BP (Tangents from a point)
OA = OB (Radii of the circle)
OP = OP (Common side)
Therefore, OPB OPA (SSS congruence criterion)
A B, P P, O O
And thus, POB = POA

Hence, alternative (A) is correct.

Question 4:
Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter of a circle are parallel.

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Class X Chapter 10 Circles Maths

Answer:

Let AB be a diameter of the circle. Two tangents PQ and RS are drawn at points A
and B respectively.
Radius drawn to these tangents will be perpendicular to the tangents.
Thus, OA RS and OB PQ
OAR = 90
OAS = 90
OBP = 90
OBQ = 90
It can be observed that
OAR = OBQ (Alternate interior angles)
OAS = OBP (Alternate interior angles)
Since alternate interior angles are equal, lines PQ and RS will be parallel.

Question 5:
Prove that the perpendicular at the point of contact to the tangent to a circle passes
through the centre.
Answer:
Let us consider a circle with centre O. Let AB be a tangent which touches the circle at
P.

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Class X Chapter 10 Circles Maths

We have to prove that the line perpendicular to AB at P passes through centre O. We

shall prove this by contradiction method.
Let us assume that the perpendicular to AB at P does not pass through centre O. Let
it pass through another point O. Join OP and OP.

As perpendicular to AB at P passes through O, therefore,

OPB = 90 (1)
O is the centre of the circle and P is the point of contact. We know the line joining
the centre and the point of contact to the tangent of the circle are perpendicular to
each other.
OPB = 90 (2)
Comparing equations (1) and (2), we obtain
OPB = OPB (3)
From the figure, it can be observed that,
OPB < OPB (4)
Therefore, OPB = OPB is not possible. It is only possible, when the line OP
coincides with OP.
Therefore, the perpendicular to AB through P passes through centre O.

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Class X Chapter 10 Circles Maths

Question 6:
The length of a tangent from a point A at distance 5 cm from the centre of the circle
is 4 cm. Find the radius of the circle.
Answer:

Let us consider a circle centered at point O.

AB is a tangent drawn on this circle from point A.
Given that,
OA = 5cm and AB = 4 cm
In ABO,
OB AB (Radius tangent at the point of contact)
Applying Pythagoras theorem in ABO, we obtain
AB2 + BO2 = OA2
42 + BO2 = 52
16 + BO2 = 25
BO2 = 9
BO = 3
Hence, the radius of the circle is 3 cm.

Question 7:
Two concentric circles are of radii 5 cm and 3 cm. Find the length of the chord of the
larger circle which touches the smaller circle.
Answer:

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Class X Chapter 10 Circles Maths

Let the two concentric circles be centered at point O. And let PQ be the chord of the
larger circle which touches the smaller circle at point A. Therefore, PQ is tangent to
the smaller circle.
OA PQ (As OA is the radius of the circle)
Applying Pythagoras theorem in OAP, we obtain
OA2 + AP2 = OP2
32 + AP2 = 52
9 + AP2 = 25
AP2 = 16
AP = 4
In OPQ,
Since OA PQ,
AP = AQ (Perpendicular from the center of the circle bisects the chord)
PQ = 2AP = 2 4 = 8
Therefore, the length of the chord of the larger circle is 8 cm.

Question 8:
A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle (see given figure) Prove that
AB + CD = AD + BC

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Class X Chapter 10 Circles Maths

Answer:
It can be observed that
DR = DS (Tangents on the circle from point D) (1)
CR = CQ (Tangents on the circle from point C) (2)
BP = BQ (Tangents on the circle from point B) (3)
AP = AS (Tangents on the circle from point A) (4)
Adding all these equations, we obtain
DR + CR + BP + AP = DS + CQ + BQ + AS
(DR + CR) + (BP + AP) = (DS + AS) + (CQ + BQ)
CD + AB = AD + BC

Question 9:
In the given figure, XY and XY are two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O
and another tangent AB with point of contact C intersecting XY at A and XY at B.

Prove that AOB=90 .

Answer:
Let us join point O to C.

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Class X Chapter 10 Circles Maths

In OPA and OCA,

OP = OC (Radii of the same circle)
AP = AC (Tangents from point A)
AO = AO (Common side)
OPA OCA (SSS congruence criterion)
Therefore, P C, A A, O O
POA = COA (i)
Similarly, OQB OCB
QOB = COB (ii)
Since POQ is a diameter of the circle, it is a straight line.
Therefore, POA + COA + COB + QOB = 180
From equations (i) and (ii), it can be observed that
2COA + 2 COB = 180
COA + COB = 90
AOB = 90

Question 10:
Prove that the angle between the two tangents drawn from an external point to a
circle is supplementary to the angle subtended by the line-segment joining the points
of contact at the centre.

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Class X Chapter 10 Circles Maths

Answer:

Let us consider a circle centered at point O. Let P be an external point from which
two tangents PA and PB are drawn to the circle which are touching the circle at point
A and B respectively and AB is the line segment, joining point of contacts A and B
together such that it subtends AOB at center O of the circle.
It can be observed that
OA (radius) PA (tangent)
Therefore, OAP = 90
Similarly, OB (radius) PB (tangent)
OBP = 90
In quadrilateral OAPB,
Sum of all interior angles = 360
OAP +APB+PBO +BOA = 360
90 + APB + 90 + BOA = 360
APB + BOA = 180
Hence, it can be observed that the angle between the two tangents drawn from an
external point to a circle is supplementary to the angle subtended by the line-
segment joining the points of contact at the centre.

Question 11:
Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.
Answer:
Since ABCD is a parallelogram,
AB = CD (1)

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Class X Chapter 10 Circles Maths

BC = AD (2)

It can be observed that

DR = DS (Tangents on the circle from point D)
CR = CQ (Tangents on the circle from point C)
BP = BQ (Tangents on the circle from point B)
AP = AS (Tangents on the circle from point A)
Adding all these equations, we obtain
DR + CR + BP + AP = DS + CQ + BQ + AS
(DR + CR) + (BP + AP) = (DS + AS) + (CQ + BQ)
CD + AB = AD + BC
On putting the values of equations (1) and (2) in this equation, we obtain
2AB = 2BC
AB = BC (3)
Comparing equations (1), (2), and (3), we obtain
AB = BC = CD = DA
Hence, ABCD is a rhombus.

Question 12:
A triangle ABC is drawn to circumscribe a circle of radius 4 cm such that the
segments BD and DC into which BC is divided by the point of contact D are of
lengths 8 cm and 6 cm respectively (see given figure). Find the sides AB and AC.

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Class X Chapter 10 Circles Maths

Answer:

Let the given circle touch the sides AB and AC of the triangle at point E and F
respectively and the length of the line segment AF be x.

In ABC,
CF = CD = 6cm (Tangents on the circle from point C)
BE = BD = 8cm (Tangents on the circle from point B)
AE = AF = x (Tangents on the circle from point A)
AB = AE + EB = x + 8
BC = BD + DC = 8 + 6 = 14
CA = CF + FA = 6 + x
2s = AB + BC + CA
= x + 8 + 14 + 6 + x
= 28 + 2x
s = 14 + x

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Class X Chapter 10 Circles Maths

Area of OBC =

Area of OCA =

Area of OAB =
Area of ABC = Area of OBC + Area of OCA + Area of OAB

Either x+14 = 0 or x 7 =0
Therefore, x = 14and 7
However, x = 14 is not possible as the length of the sides will be negative.
Therefore, x = 7

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Hence, AB = x + 8 = 7 + 8 = 15 cm
CA = 6 + x = 6 + 7 = 13 cm

Question 13:
Prove that opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend
supplementary angles at the centre of the circle.
Answer:

Let ABCD be a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle centered at O such that it touches

the circle at point P, Q, R, S. Let us join the vertices of the quadrilateral ABCD to the
center of the circle.
Consider OAP and OAS,
AP = AS (Tangents from the same point)
OP = OS (Radii of the same circle)
OA = OA (Common side)
OAP OAS (SSS congruence criterion)
Therefore, A A, P S, O O
And thus, POA = AOS
1 = 8
Similarly,
2 = 3
4 = 5
6 = 7

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1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ 5+ 6+ 7+ 8 = 360
( 1+ 8) + ( 2 + 3) + ( 4 + 5) + ( 6 + 7) = 360
2 1 + 2 2 + 2 5 + 2 6 = 360
2( 1 + 2) + 2( 5 + 6) = 360
( 1+ 2) + ( 5 + 6) = 180
AOB + COD = 180
Similarly, we can prove that BOC + DOA = 180
Hence, opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend
supplementary angles at the centre of the circle

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