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Tutorial3 s16

This document is a tutorial on applying the first law of thermodynamics to closed systems. It provides solutions to two sample problems involving closed systems undergoing changes in pressure, volume, or temperature. The first problem involves determining the work done by a paddle wheel that increases the pressure of oxygen gas in a sealed tank. The second problem determines the heat transfer during an isothermal expansion of argon gas in a piston cylinder device where both boundary work and paddle wheel work are specified.

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168 views

Tutorial3 s16

This document is a tutorial on applying the first law of thermodynamics to closed systems. It provides solutions to two sample problems involving closed systems undergoing changes in pressure, volume, or temperature. The first problem involves determining the work done by a paddle wheel that increases the pressure of oxygen gas in a sealed tank. The second problem determines the heat transfer during an isothermal expansion of argon gas in a piston cylinder device where both boundary work and paddle wheel work are specified.

Uploaded by

smart
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE309 Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

Tutorial #3

First Law of Thermodynamics: Closed Systems

Problem 3-73 A 0.3-m3 tank contains oxygen initially at 100kPa and 27C. A paddle
wheel within the tank is rotated until the pressure inside rise to 150kPa. During the
process 2KJ of heat is lost to the surroundings. Determine the paddle-wheel work done.
Neglect the energy stored in the paddle wheel.

Solution:

Step 1: Draw a schematic diagram to represent the system

Tank

Paddle Wheel

Step 2: What to determine?

The work done by paddle-wheel work, We

Step 3: The information given in the problem statement.

Tutorial #3 Page 1 of 5
ECE309 Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

Volume of the tank, V = 0.3 m3, and Volume remains constant during the whole
process: V2 = V1 = V .

Initial condition of the Oxygen in the tank: P1 = 100 kPa, T1 = 27 C;


Final condition of the Oxygen in the tank: P2 = 150 kPa;
Heat loss to the surroundings, Q = !2 KJ.

Step 4: Table of all known values and properties

Oxygen Pressure Volume Temperature Heat loss


(kPa) (m3) (K) (KJ)
Initial condition 1 100 0.3 300 -2
Final condition 2 150 0.3

Step 5: Assumptions

Its a closed system and no mass loss in the whole process;


Consider the Oxygen as ideal gas for given conditions;
Neglect the energy stored in the paddle wheel;
Change in kinetic and potential energy is negligible.

Step 6: Solve

1. According the ideal gas equation,


PV = mRT
From the initial condition, the mass of the Oxygen is determined by
P1V1 (100kPa) " (0.3m 3 )
m= = = 0.3849(kg )
RT1 (0.2598kPa ! m 3 / kg ! K )(300 K )

2. The final temperature of the Oxygen can be determined from


P1V1 P2V2
=
T1 T2

Tutorial #3 Page 2 of 5
ECE309 Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

So,
P2V2 (150kPa) ! (0.3m 3 )
T2 = T1 = ! (300 K ) = 450( K )
P1V1 (100kPa) ! (0.3m 3 )

3. The energy conservation equation of this closed system can be described as:
Q " W = !U + !KE + !PE
where, !KE and !PE are both zero according to the assumptions. As for the work,
W = We + Wb + Wother

Due to the volume remains constant, the boundary work is zero and there is no other
works indicated in the problem. Thus the above energy conservation equation became,
Q " We = !U

Because its a constant-volume process, the above equation can be concluded,


Q ! We = m(u 2 ! u1 ) = C v m(T2 ! T1 )

Here, the specific heat of Oxygen at the average temperature of


Tavg = (300 + 450) / 2 = 375( K ) is, C v ,avg = 0.6745 KJ /(kg ! K ) (from the Table A-2b).

So, rearrange the above equation and substitute the values,


We = Q ! C v m(T2 ! T1 )

= (!2 KJ ) ! (0.6745 KJ / kg # K ) " (0.3849kg ) " (450 K ! 300 K )


= !40.94 KJ

Step 7: Conclusion statement

The work done by the paddle-wheel is -40.94KJ.

Tutorial #3 Page 3 of 5
ECE309 Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

Problem 3-83 A piston-cylinder device contains 5kg of argon at 400kPa and 30C.
During a quasi-equilibrium, isothermal expansion process, 15KJ of boundary work is
done by the system, and 3KJ of paddle-wheel work is done on the system. Determine the
heat transfer for this process.

Solution:

Step 1: Draw a schematic diagram to represent the problem

Wb

T Q
T
We

Initial Final
Condition Condition

Step 2: What to determine?


The heat transfer between the system and the surroundings, Q

Step 3: The information given in the problem statement.

1. Argon in the cylinder: m=5kg, P=400kPa and T=30V;


2. A boundary work done by the system, Wb=15KJ;
3. The paddle-wheel work done on the system, We=-3KJ

Tutorial #3 Page 4 of 5
ECE309 Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

Step 4: Assumptions

1. Its a quasi-equilibrium, isothermal expansion process, which means that the


temperature remains constant in the whole process;
2. For the argon in the piston-cylinder system, its a closed system, no mass enters or
leaves.
3. Change in kinetic and potential energy is negligible.

Step 6: Solve

We take the argon in the piston-cylinder system as our system, and the energy
conservation equation of this closed system can be described as:
Q " W = !U + !KE + !PE
where, !KE and !PE are both zero according to the assumptions. Its a quasi-
equilibrium, isothermal expansion process. The temperature remains constant, so is the
total internal energy. The change of the total internal energy is zero during the whole
process, which give us
!U = 0
So,
Q !W = 0
Substituting the works,
Q = W = We + Wb = (!3KJ ) + (15 KJ ) = 12 KJ

The sign is positive, which means that heat transfers from the surroundings to the system.

Step 7: Conclusion statement

In this process, the argon in the piston-cylinder device will absorb heat with an amount of
12KJ from the surroundings.

Tutorial #3 Page 5 of 5

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