LTE eRAN3.

0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

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LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

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 LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

Typical X2 Handover flow

UE Source eNB Target eNB MME Serving Gateway

0.Area Restriction Provided

1.Measurement Control
(RRC_CONN_RECFG)

packet data packet data

UL allocation Legend
2.Measurement Reports L3 signalling
(RRC_MEAS_RPRT)
L1/L2 signalling
3.HO decision

Preparation
4.Handover Request
User Data

Handover
(HANDOVER_REQUEST)

5.Admission Control
6.Handover Request Ack
DL allocation (HANDOVER_REQUEST_ACKNOWLEDGE)
7.RRC Conn. Reconf. incl.
mobilityControlinformation
(RRC_CONN_RECFG(HO_CMD))

Detach from old cell and

Deliver buffered and in transit
synchronlze to new cell
packets to target eNB
8.SN Status Transfer
(SN_STATUS_TRANSFER)

Execution
Handover
Data Forwarding

Buffer packets from

9.Synchronisation Source eNB

10.UL allocation+TA for UE

11.RRC Conn. Reconf. Complete

(RRC_CONN_RECFG_CMP(HO_CMP))

packet data
packet data
12.Path Switch Request
(S1AP_PATH_SWITCH_REQ) 13.User Plane update
request

Completion
Handover
End Marker
14.Switch DL path
packet data

End Marker 15.User Plane update

response
16.Path Switch Request Ack
17. UE Context Release (S1AP_PATH_SWITCH_REQ_ACK)
(UE_CONTEXT_RELEASE)

18.Release Resources

Measurement Control
(RRC_CONN_RECFG)
Measurement Control CMP
(RRC_CONN_RECFG_CMP)

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 LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

Measurement control includes all control parameters to guide UE measurement.

Measurement consists of intra-frequency measurement and inter-frequency measurement.
Perquisite: Related handover algorithms should be enabled
For intra-frequency measurement control, this message is default sent during UE initial
attach procedure or after UE handover in a new cell. The following IEs (Information
Element) are included inside:
Measurement object, indicate the object with unique frequency and ID
Report configuration, indicate the related event to period report parameters.
A1/A2/A3 could be included.
Measurement ID, bind the ID with object and report configuration, thus eNodeB
can understand the purpose of each report.
Quantity configuration, including the measurement filter parameters
For inter- frequency measurement control, this message should be trigged by some specific
intra-frequency measurement report (A1/A2) or some special event based on handover
scenarios. Besides the above IEs, it includes one more IE: gap pattern, assist UE to measure
inter-frequency .

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Once the event for report is trigged, UE periodic repeat this report until eNodeB reply the
instruction or the UE report times approach the maximum report times which is included in
measurement control message

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 LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

After eNodeB receive measurement report, it select the suitable target and send handover
request message to the target cell via S1 or X2 interface. The following IEs could be
included:
eCGI of target cell
GUMMEI
UE context information
UE history information

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 LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

General handover success rate = (Handover preparation success rate) (handover

execution success rate)
Handover preparation success rate = Handover execution attempt number /Handover
preparation attempt number. This is used to evaluate the admission success rate for the
target cell, if this rate is low, that indicates the handover fault is caused by target cell
admission control problem.
Hand over execution success rate = Handover execution success number/Handover
execution attempt number. Generally, we need focus on this KPI to analyze the handover
fault caused by radio problem, such as coverage and parameters setting.

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Measurement point:
L.HHO.Prep.FailOut.MME: During handover preparation in a handover over the S1
or X2 interface, the L.HHO.Prep.FailOut.MME counter is incremented by 1 each
time the source eNodeB receives a UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND message
from the MME.
L.HHO.Prep.FailOut.NoReply: After the handover preparation in a handover over
the S1 or X2 interface is complete, if the source eNodeB does not receive any
messages from the target and does not cancel the handover, the
L.HHO.Prep.FailOut.NoReply counter is incremented by 1 each time the source
eNodeB does not receive a HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDEG message or a
HANDOVER PREPARATION FAILURE message from the target eNodeB.
L.HHO.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure: During handover preparation in a handover over
the X2 interface, the L.HHO.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure counter is incremented by 1
each time the source eNodeB receives a HANDOVER PREPARATION FAILURE
message from the target eNodeB.
L.HHO.Prep.FailOut.HOCancel: During a handover over the S1 or X2 interface,the
L.HHO.Prep.FailOut.HOCancel counter is incremented by 1 each time the source
eNodeB decides to cancel the handover and sends a HANDOVER CANCEL message
to the MME or target eNodeB.

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 LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

Early handover occurs if the target cell is not good or stable, consists of following scenarios:
Scenario 1: After receiving a handover command, a UE experiences a radio link
failure (RLF) during the handover to the target cell. Then, the UE is handed over
back to the source cell during RRC connection reestablishment.
Scenario 2: A UE camps on the target cell for a short period and the RLF happen. If
UE can reestablish the RRC connection to source cell, it is consider as a early
handover

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 LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

Scenario 1: After UE sends measurement report, it doesnt receive any handover

commands.

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 LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

Scenario 2: UE doesnt send measurement report, RLF happens in source cell, and RRC
establishment setup to target cell also fails.

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 LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

Handover failure is caused by signaling exchange failure, including UU interface, X2

interface or S1 interface.
UU interface message exchange failure is usually caused by poor coverage
X2 interface or S1 interface message exchange failure is usually caused by
transmission problem

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 LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

If we dont enable the basic coverage based intra/inter frequency handover swith, then
eNdoeB doesnt send any measurement control message.

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LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

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 LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

From above figure, we can see that Due to poor DL channel quality, SINR of PDCCH is very
low, leading the demodulation of UL grant failure. Therefore, the measurement report
cant be sent.
RSRP, RSRQ, IBLER and DL/UL grant statistic can be used to evaluate channel quality
Solution:
To increase the possibility of UL scheduling, we can enable the pre- allocation
scheduling, so that UE can get UL grant in advanced to send measurement report
If the poor quality is caused by coverage, then make some RF adjustment for
coverage
If the poor quality is caused by edge interference, we can enable ICIC feature to
mitigate the interference

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LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

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 LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

Scenario: after eNodeB receive measurement report, if all reported cell is not in NRT
(neighbor relation table) and ANR is not enable or the cell in NRT is set forbidden handover,
then eNodeB doesnt send any handover request to target .
Solution:
Enable ANR to automatic configure NCL and NRT
Configure NRT by manual
How to check neighbor configuration

Should be Permit
HO

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Scenario 1: No transmission resource

Possible cause:
Incorrect configuration of IP path
The transmission resource is limited
Solution:
First check IP path configuration, check if all the parameters are identical

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LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

If all configuration is correct, the problems could be caused by the restriction of

transmission resource . We can extend transmission bandwidth or enable relevant
TRM algorithms

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 LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

Scenario 2 : Due to the poor transmission quality, leading very long handover prepare time,
Solution: Contact transmission engineer to check the problem

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Possible cause :
Poor DL coverage
Improper parameters handover parameters setting
Solution:
RF adjustment
This scenario is considered as delayed handover, we can use MRO algorithm to
optimize it

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 LTE eRAN3.0 Handover Fault Diagnosis

Possible cause
Poor coverage of target cell
PRACH power control setting problem
Handover parameters setting problem
Solutions:
Perform RF adjustment of target cell
Increase initial power or power step for PRACH
This problem is considered as early handover, we can enable MRO algorithm to
optimize the relevant parameters

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