Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1 Page 1 of 1

Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise A, Question 1

Question:

Solve these simultaneous equations by elimination:

2x y = 6
4x + 3y = 22

Solution:

6x 3y = 18
4x + 3y = 22
Add:
10x = 40
x=4
Substitute into 2x y = 6:
8y=6
y=2
So solution is x = 4, y = 2

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise A, Question 2

Question:

Solve these simultaneous equations by elimination:

7x + 3y = 16
2x + 9y = 29

Solution:

21x + 9y = 48
2x + 9y = 29
Subtract:
19x = 19
x=1
Substitute into 7x + 3y = 16:
7 + 3y = 16
3y = 9
y=3
So solution is x = 1, y = 3

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise A, Question 3

Question:

Solve these simultaneous equations by elimination:

5x + 2y = 6
3x 10y = 26

Solution:

25x + 10y = 30
3x 10y = 26
Add:
28x = 56
x=2
Substitute into 5x + 2y = 6:
10 + 2y = 6
2y = 4
y= 2
So solution is x = 2, y = 2

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise A, Question 4

Question:

Solve these simultaneous equations by elimination:

2x y = 12
6x + 2y = 21

Solution:

4x 2y = 24
6x + 2y = 21
Add:
10x = 45
1
x=4 2

Substitute into 2x y = 12:

9 y = 12
y=3
y= 3
1
So solution is x = 4 2 ,y= 3

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise A, Question 5

Question:

Solve these simultaneous equations by elimination:

3x 2y = 6
6x + 3y = 2

Solution:

6x 4y = 12
6x + 3y = 2
Subtract:
7y = 14
y=2
Substitute into 3x 2y = 6:
3x 4 = 6
3x = 2
2
x= 3

2
So solution is x = 3 ,y=2

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise A, Question 6

Question:

Solve these simultaneous equations by elimination:

3x + 8y = 33
6x = 3 + 5y

Solution:

6x + 16y = 66
6x = 3 + 5y
6x + 16y = 66
6x 5y = 3
Subtract:
21y = 63
y=3
Substitute into 3x + 8y = 33:
3x + 24 = 33
3x = 9
x=3
So solution is x = 3, y = 3

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise B, Question 1

Question:

Solve these simultaneous equations by substitution:

x + 3y = 11
4x 7y = 6

Solution:

x = 11 3y
Substitute into 4x 7y = 6:
4 ( 11 3y ) 7y = 6
44 12y 7y = 6
19y = 38
y=2
Substitute into x = 11 3y:
x = 11 6
x=5
So solution is x = 5, y = 2

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise B, Question 2

Question:

Solve these simultaneous equations by substitution:

4x 3y = 40
2x + y = 5

Solution:

y = 5 2x
Substitute into 4x 3y = 40:
4x 3 ( 5 2x ) = 40
4x 15 + 6x = 40
10x = 55
1
x=5 2

Substitute into y = 5 2x:

y = 5 11
y= 6
1
So solution is x = 5 2 ,y= 6

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise B, Question 3

Question:

Solve these simultaneous equations by substitution:

3x y = 7
10x + 3y = 2

Solution:

y = 7 3x
y = 3x 7
Substitute into 10x + 3y = 2:
10x + 3 ( 3x 7 ) = 2
10x + 9x 21 = 2
19x = 19
x=1
Substitute into y = 3x 7:
y=37
y= 4
So solution is x = 1, y = 4

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise B, Question 4

Question:

Solve these simultaneous equations by substitution:

2y = 2x 3
3y = x 1

Solution:

x = 3y + 1
Substitute into 2y = 2x 3:
2y = 2 ( 3y + 1 ) 3
2y = 6y + 2 3
4y = 1
1
y= 4

Substitute into x = 3y + 1:
3
x= 4
+1
3
x=1 4

3 1
So solution is x = 1 4 ,y= 4

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise C, Question 1

Question:

Solve the simultaneous equations:

(a) x + y = 11
xy = 30

(b) 2x + y = 1
x2 + y2 = 1

(c) y = 3x
2y2 xy = 15

(d) x + y = 9
x2 3xy + 2y2 = 0

(e) 3a + b = 8
3a2 + b2 = 28

(f) 2u + v = 7
uv = 6

Solution:

(a) y = 11 x
Substitute into xy = 30:
x ( 11 x ) = 30
11x x2 = 30
0 = x2 11x + 30
0= (x5) (x6)
x = 5 or x = 6
Substitute into y = 11 x:
when x = 5, y = 11 5 = 6
when x = 6, y = 11 6 = 5
Solutions are x = 5, y = 6 and x = 6, y = 5

(b) y = 1 2x
Substitute into x2 + y2 = 1:
x2 + ( 1 2x ) 2 = 1
x2 + 1 4x + 4x2 = 1
5x2 4x = 0
x ( 5x 4 ) = 0
4
x = 0 or x = 5

Substitute into y = 1 2x:

when x = 0, y = 1
4 8 3
when x = 5 ,y=1 5 = 5

4 3
Solutions are x = 0, y = 1 and x = 5 ,y= 5

(c) y = 3x
Substitute into 2y2 xy = 15:

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1 Page 2 of 3

2(3x)2 x ( 3x ) = 15
18x2 3x2 = 15
15x2 = 15
x2 = 1
x = 1 or x = 1
Substitute into y = 3x:
when x = 1, y = 3
when x = 1, y = 3
Solutions are x = 1, y = 3 and x = 1, y = 3

(d) x = 9 y
Substitute into x2 3xy + 2y2 = 0:
( 9 y ) 2 3y(9 y) + 2y2 = 0
81 18y + y2 27y + 3y2 + 2y2 = 0
6y2 45y + 81 = 0
Divide by 3:
2y2 15y + 27 = 0
( 2y 9 ) ( y 3 ) = 0
9
y= 2 or y = 3
Substitute into x = 9 y:
9 9 9
when y = 2
,x=9 2
= 2

when y = 3, x = 9 3 = 6
1 1
Solutions are x = 4 2
,y=4 2
and x = 6, y = 3

(e) b = 8 3a
Substitute into 3a2 + b2 = 28:
3a2 + ( 8 3a ) 2 = 28
3a2 + 64 48a + 9a2 = 28
12a2 48a + 36 = 0
Divide by 12:
a2 4a + 3 = 0
(a1) (a3) =0
a = 1 or a = 3
Substitute into b = 8 3a:
when a = 1, b = 8 3 = 5
when a = 3, b = 8 9 = 1
Solutions are a = 1, b = 5 and a = 3, b = 1

(f) v = 7 2u
Substitute into uv = 6:
u ( 7 2u ) = 6
7u 2u2 = 6
0 = 2u2 7u + 6
0 = ( 2u 3 ) ( u 2 )
3
u= 2 or u = 2
Substitute into v = 7 2u:
3
when u = 2, v=73=4
when u = 2, v = 7 4 = 3
3
Solutions are u = 2
, v = 4 and u = 2, v = 3

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise C, Question 2

Question:

Find the coordinates of the points at which the line with equation y = x 4 intersects the curve with equation
y2 = 2x2 17.

Solution:

y=x4
Substitute into y2 = 2x2 17:
( x 4 ) 2 = 2x2 17
x2 8x + 16 = 2x2 17
0 = x2 + 8x 33
0 = ( x + 11 ) ( x 3 )
x = 11 or x = 3
Substitute into y = x 4:
when x = 11, y = 11 4 = 15
when x = 3, y = 3 4 = 1
Intersection points: ( 11 , 15 ) and ( 3 , 1 )

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise C, Question 3

Question:

Find the coordinates of the points at which the line with equation y = 3x 1 intersects the curve with equation
y2 xy = 15.

Solution:

y = 3x 1
Substitute into y2 xy = 15:
( 3x 1 ) 2 x(3x 1) = 15
9x2 6x + 1 3x2 + x = 15
6x2 5x 14 = 0
( 6x + 7 ) ( x 2 ) = 0
7
x= 6
or x = 2
Substitute into y = 3x 1:
7 21 9
when x = 6
,y= 6
1= 2

when x = 2, y = 6 1 = 5

Intersection points:
1
1
, 4
1 and ( 2 , 5 )
6 2

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise C, Question 4

Question:

Solve the simultaneous equations:

(a) 3x + 2y = 7
x2 + y = 8

(b) 2x + 2y = 7
x2 4y2 = 8

Solution:

(a) 2y = 7 3x
1
y= 2 (7 3x)

Substitute into x2 + y = 8:
1
x2 + 2 (7 3x) = 8
Multiply by 2:
2x2 + (7 3x) = 16
2x2 3x 9 = 0
( 2x + 3 ) ( x 3 ) = 0
3
x= 2 or x = 3

Substitute into y =
1 7 3x
:
2

when x =
3
,y=
1 7+
9 =
23
2 2
2
4

when x = 3, y =
1 79
= 1
2

1 3
Solutions are x = 1 2 ,y=5 4 and x = 3, y = 1

(b) 2x = 7 2y

x=
1 7 2y

2

Substitute into x2 4y2 = 8:
1 7 2y
2 4y2 = 8
2

1
( 7 2y ) 2 4y2 = 8
4

Multiply by 4:
( 7 2y ) 2 16y2 = 32
49 28y + 4y2 16y2 = 32
0 = 12y2 + 28y 17
0 = ( 6y + 17 ) ( 2y 1 )

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1 Page 2 of 2

17 1
y= 6
or y = 2

Substitute into x =
1 7 2y
:
2

when y =
17
,x=
1 7+
17 =
19
6 2
3
3

when y =
1
,x=
1 71
=3
2 2

1 5 1
Solutions are x = 6 3 ,y= 2 6 and x = 3, y = 2

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise C, Question 5

Question:

Solve the simultaneous equations, giving your answers in their simplest surd form:

(a) x y = 6
xy = 4

(b) 2x + 3y = 13
x2 + y2 = 78

Solution:

(a) x = 6 + y
Substitute into xy = 4:
y(6+y) =4
6y + y2 = 4
y2 + 6y 4 = 0
a = 1, b = 6, c = 4
b \ ( b2 4ac ) 6 \ ( 36 + 16 ) 6 52
y= 2a = 2
= 2

52 = \ ( 4 13 ) = 4 13 = 2 13
6 2 13
y= 2
= 3 13
Substitute into x = 6 + y:
when y = 3 13, x = 6 3 13 = 3 13
when y = 3 + 13, x = 6 3 + 13 = 3 + 13
Solutions are x = 3 13, y = 3 13 and x = 3 + 13, y = 3 + 13

(b) 2x = 13 3y

x=
1 13 3y

2

Substitute into x2 + y2 = 78:
1 13 3y
2 + y2 = 78
2

1
( 13 3y ) 2 + y2 = 78
4

Multiply by 4:
( 13 3y ) 2 + 4y2 = 312
169 78y + 9y2 + 4y2 = 312
13y2 78y 143 = 0
Divide by 13:
y2 6y 11 = 0
a = 1, b = 6, c = 11
b \ ( b2 4ac ) 6 \ ( 36 + 44 ) 6 80
y= 2a = 2 = 2

80 = \ ( 16 5 ) = 16 5 = 4 5
645
y= 2 =325

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1 Page 2 of 2

Substitute into x =
1 13 3y
:
2

when y = 3 2 5, x =
1 13 3(3 2 5)
=
1 13 9 + 6 5
=2+35
2
2

when y = 3 + 2 5, x =
1 13 3(3 + 2 5)
=
1 13 9 6 5
=235
2
2

Solutions are x = 2 3 5, y = 3 + 2 5 and x = 2 + 3 5, y = 3 2 5

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise D, Question 1

Question:

Find the set of values of x for which:

(a) 2x 3 < 5

(b) 5x + 4 39

(c) 6x 3 > 2x + 7

(d) 5x + 6 12 x

(e) 15 x > 4

(f) 21 2x > 8 + 3x

(g) 1 + x < 25 + 3x

(h) 7x 7 < 7 7x

(i) 5 0.5x 1

(j) 5x + 4 > 12 2x

Solution:

(a) 2x < 5 + 3
2x < 8
x<4

(b) 5x 39 4
5x 35
x 7

(c) 6x 2x > 7 + 3
4x > 10
1
x>2 2

(d) 5x + x 12 6
6x 18
x 3

(e) x > 4 15
x > 11
x < 11

(f) 21 8 > 3x + 2x
13 > 5x
5x < 13
3
x<2 5

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1 Page 2 of 2

(g) x 3x < 25 1
2x < 24
x > 12

(h) 7x + 7x < 7 + 7
14x < 14
x<1

(i) 0.5x 1 5
0.5x 4
x 8

(j) 5x + 2x > 12 4
7x > 8
1
x>1 7

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise D, Question 2

Question:

Find the set of values of x for which:

(a) 2 ( x 3 ) 0

(b) 8 ( 1 x ) > x 1

(c) 3 ( x + 7 ) 8x

(d) 2 ( x 3 ) ( x + 12 ) < 0

(e) 1 + 11 ( 2 x ) < 10 ( x 4 )

(f) 2 ( x 5 ) 3(4x)

(g) 12x 3 ( x 3 ) < 45

(h) x 2 ( 5 + 2x ) < 11

(i) x(x 4) x2 + 2

(j) x(5 x) 3 + x x2

Solution:

(a) 2x 6 0
2x 6
x 3

(b) 8 8x > x 1
8 + 1 > x + 8x
9 > 9x
1>x
x<1

(c) 3x + 21 8 x
3x + x 8 21
4x 13
1
x 3 4

(d) 2x 6 x 12 < 0
2x x < 6 + 12
x < 18

(e) 1 + 22 11x < 10x 40

1 + 22 + 40 < 10x + 11x
63 < 21x
3<x
x>3

(f) 2x 10 12 3x

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1 Page 2 of 2

2x + 3x 12 + 10
5x 22
2
x 4 5

(g) 12x 3x + 9 < 45

12x 3x < 45 9
9x < 36
x<4

(h) x 10 4x < 11
x 4x < 11 + 10
3x < 21
x> 7

(i) x2 4x x2 + 2
x2 x2 4x 2
4x 2
1
x 2

(j) 5x x2 3 + x x2
5x x x2 + x2 3
4x 3
3
x 4

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise D, Question 3

Question:

Find the set of values of x for which:

(a) 3 ( x 2 ) > x 4 and 4x + 12 > 2x + 17

(b) 2x 5 < x 1 and 7 ( x + 1 ) > 23 x

(c) 2x 3 > 2 and 3 ( x + 2 ) < 12 + x

(d) 15 x < 2 ( 11 x ) and 5 ( 3x 1 ) > 12x + 19

(e) 3x + 8 20 and 2 ( 3x 7 ) x+6

Solution:

(a) 3x 6 > x 4
3x x > 4 + 6
2x > 2
x>1

4x + 12 > 2x + 17
4x 2x > 17 12
2x > 5
1
x>2 2

1
So the required set of values is x > 2 2

(b) 2x x < 1 + 5
x<4

7 ( x + 1 ) > 23 x
7x + 7 > 23 x
7x + x > 23 7
8x > 16
x>2

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1 Page 2 of 3

So the required set of values is 2 < x < 4

(c) 2x > 2 + 3
2x > 5
1
x>2 2

3 ( x + 2 ) < 12 + x
3x + 6 < 12 + x
3x x < 12 6
2x < 6
x<3

1
So the required set of values is 2 2 <x<3

(d) 15 x < 22 2x
x + 2x < 22 15
x<7

5 ( 3x 1 ) > 12x + 19
15x 5 > 12x + 19
15x 12x > 19 + 5
3x > 24
x>8

There are no values satisfying both inequalities.

(e) 3x 20 8
3x 12
x 4

2 ( 3x 7 ) x + 6
6x 14 x + 6
6x x 6 + 14
5x 20
x 4

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There is just one value, x = 4.

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise E, Question 1

Question:

Find the set of values of x for which:

(a) x2 11x + 24 < 0

(b) 12 x x2 > 0

(c) x2 3x 10 > 0

(d) x2 + 7x + 12 0

(e) 7 + 13x 2x2 > 0

(f) 10 + x 2x2 < 0

(g) 4x2 8x + 3 0

(h) 2 + 7x 3x2 < 0

(i) x2 9 < 0

(j) 6x2 + 11x 10 > 0

(k) x2 5x > 0

(l) 2x2 + 3x 0

Solution:

(a) x2 11x + 24 = 0
(x3) (x8) =0
x = 3, x = 8
Sketch of y = x2 11x + 24:

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x2 11x + 24 < 0 when 3 < x < 8

(b) 12 x x2 = 0
0 = x2 + x 12
0= (x+4) (x3)
x = 4, x = 3
Sketch of y = 12 x x2:

12 x x2 > 0 when 4 < x < 3

(c) x2 3x 10 = 0
(x+2) (x5) =0
x = 2, x = 5
Sketch of y = x2 3x 10:

x2 3x 10 > 0 when x < 2 or x > 5

(d) x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
(x+4) (x+3) =0
x = 4, x = 3
Sketch of y = x2 + 7x + 12:

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1 Page 3 of 7

x2 + 7x + 12 0 when x 4 or x 3

(e) 7 + 13x 2x2 = 0

2x2 13x 7 = 0
( 2x + 1 ) ( x 7 ) = 0
1
x= 2 ,x=7

Sketch of y = 7 + 13x 2x2:

1
7 + 13x 2x2 > 0 when 2 <x<7

(f) 10 + x 2x2 = 0
2x2 x 10 = 0
( 2x 5 ) ( x + 2 ) = 0
1
x=2 2 ,x= 2

Sketch of y = 10 + x 2x2:

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1 Page 4 of 7

1
10 + x 2x2 < 0 when x < 2 or x > 2 2

(g) 4x2 8x + 3 = 0
( 2x 1 ) ( 2x 3 ) = 0
1 1
x= 2
,x=1 2

Sketch of y = 4x2 8x + 3:

1 1
4x2 8x + 3 0 when 2
x1 2

(h) 2 + 7x 3x2 = 0
3x2 7x + 2 = 0
( 3x 1 ) ( x 2 ) = 0
1
x= 3 ,x=2

Sketch of y = 2 + 7x 3x2:

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1 Page 5 of 7

1
2 + 7x 3x2 < 0 when x < 3 or x>2

(i) x2 9 = 0
(x+3) (x3) =0
x = 3, x = 3
Sketch of y = x2 9:

x2 9 < 0 when 3 < x < 3

(j) 6x2 + 11x 10 = 0

( 3x 2 ) ( 2x + 5 ) = 0
2 1
x= 3 ,x= 2 2

Sketch of y = 6x2 + 11x 10:

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1 Page 6 of 7

1 2
6x2 + 11x 10 > 0 when x < 2 2 or x > 3

(k) x2 5x = 0
x(x5) =0
x = 0, x = 5
Sketch of y = x2 5x:

x2 5x > 0 when x < 0 or x > 5

(l) 2x2 + 3x = 0
x ( 2x + 3 ) = 0
1
x = 0, x = 1 2

Sketch of y = 2x2 + 3x:

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1
2x2 + 3x 0 when 1 2 x0

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise E, Question 2

Question:

Find the set of values of x for which:

(a) x2 < 10 3x

(b) 11 < x2 + 10

(c) x ( 3 2x ) > 1

(d) x ( x + 11 ) < 3 ( 1 x2 )

Solution:

(a) x2 = 10 3x
x2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x+5) (x2) =0
x = 5, x = 2
x2 < 10 3x x2 + 3x 10 < 0
Sketch of y = x2 + 3x 10:

x2 + 3x 10 < 0 when 5 < x < 2

(b) 11 = x2 + 10
x2 = 1
x = 1, x = 1
11 < x2 + 10 0 < x2 + 10 11 x2 1 > 0
Sketch of y = x2 1:

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x2 1 > 0 when x < 1 or x > 1

(c) x ( 3 2x ) = 1
3x 2x2 = 1
0 = 2x2 3x + 1
0 = ( 2x 1 ) ( x 1 )
1
x= 2
,x=1

x ( 3 2x ) > 1 2x2 + 3x 1 > 0 2x2 3x + 1 < 0

Sketch of y = 2x2 3x + 1:

1
2x2 3x + 1 < 0 when 2 <x<1

(d) x ( x + 11 ) = 3 ( 1 x2 )
x2 + 11x = 3 3x2
x2 + 3x2 + 11x 3 = 0
4x2 + 11x 3 = 0
( 4x 1 ) ( x + 3 ) = 0
1
x= 4 ,x= 3

x ( x + 11 ) < 3 ( 1 x2 ) 4x2 + 11x 3 < 0

Sketch of y = 4x2 + 11x 3:

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1
4x2 + 11x 3 < 0 when 3 < x < 4

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise E, Question 3

Question:

Find the set of values of x for which:

(a) x2 7x + 10 < 0 and 3x + 5 < 17

(b) x2 x 6 > 0 and 10 2x < 5

(c) 4x2 3x 1 < 0 and 4 ( x + 2 ) < 15 ( x + 7 )

(d) 2x2 x 1 < 0 and 14 < 3x 2

(e) x2 x 12 > 0 and 3x + 17 > 2

(f) x2 2x 3 < 0 and x2 3x + 2 > 0

Solution:

(a) x2 7x + 10 = 0
(x2) (x5) =0
x = 2, x = 5
Sketch of y = x2 7x + 10:

x2 7x + 10 < 0 when 2 < x < 5.

3x + 5 < 17
3x < 17 5
3x < 12
x<4

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Intersection is 2 < x < 4.

(b) x2 x 6 = 0
(x+2) (x3) =0
x = 2, x = 3
Sketch of y = x2 x 6:

x2 x 6 > 0 when x < 2 or x > 3

10 2x < 5
2x < 5 10
2x < 5
1
x>2 2

Intersection is x > 3.

(c) 4x2 3x 1 = 0
( 4x + 1 ) ( x 1 ) = 0
1
x= 4 ,x=1

Sketch of y = 4x2 3x 1:

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1
4x2 3x 1 < 0 when 4 <x<1

4 ( x + 2 ) < 15 ( x + 7 )
4x + 8 < 15 x 7
4x + 8 < 8 x
4x + x < 8 8
5x < 0
x<0

1
Intersection is 4
<x<0

(d) 2x2 x 1 = 0
( 2x + 1 ) ( x 1 ) = 0
1
x= 2 ,x=1

Sketch of y = 2x2 x 1:

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1
2x2 x 1 < 0 when 2 <x<1

14 < 3x 2
14 + 2 < 3x
3x > 16
1
x>5 3

No intersection.
There are no values of x for which both inequalities are true.

(e) x2 x 12 = 0
(x+3) (x4) =0
x = 3, x = 4
Sketch of y = x2 x 12:

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1 Page 5 of 6

x2 x 12 > 0 when x < 3 or x > 4

3x + 17 > 2
3x > 2 17
3x > 15
x> 5

Intersection is 5 < x < 3, x > 4.

(f) x2 2x 3 = 0
(x+1) (x3) =0
x = 1, x = 3
Sketch of y = x2 2x 3:

x2 2x 3 < 0 when 1 < x < 3

x2 3x + 2 = 0
(x1) (x2) =0
x = 1, x = 2
Sketch of y = x2 3x + 2:

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x2 3x + 2 > 0 when x < 1 or x > 2

Intersection is 1 < x < 1, 2 < x < 3.

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise E, Question 4

Question:

(a) Find the range of values of k for which the equation x2 kx + ( k + 3 ) = 0 has no real roots.

(b) Find the range of values of p for which the roots of the equation px2 + px 2 = 0 are real.

Solution:

(a) a = 1, b = k, c = k + 3
b2 4ac < 0 for no real roots, so
k2 4 ( k + 3 ) < 0
k2 4k 12 < 0
(k6) (k+2) <0
2<k<6

(b) a = p, b = p, c = 2
b2 4ac < 0 for no real roots, so
p2 + 8p < 0
p(p+8) <0
8<p<0

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 1

Question:

Solve the simultaneous equations:

x + 2y = 3
x2 4y2 = 33

Solution:

x = 3 2y
Substitute into x2 4y2 = 33:
( 3 2y ) 2 4y2 = 33
9 12y + 4y2 4y2 = 33
12y = 33 9
12y = 42
1
y=3 2

Substitute into x = 3 2y:

x=37= 4
1
So solution is x = 4, y = 3 2

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 2

Question:

Show that the elimination of x from the simultaneous equations:

x 2y = 1
3xy y2 = 8
produces the equation
5y2 + 3y 8 = 0.
Solve this quadratic equation and hence find the pairs ( x , y ) for which the simultaneous equations are satisfied.

Solution:

x = 1 + 2y
Substitute into 3xy y2 = 8:
3y(1 + 2y) y2 = 8
3y + 6y2 y2 = 8
5y2 + 3y 8 = 0
( 5y + 8 ) ( y 1 ) = 0
8
y= 5
or y = 1
Substitute into x = 1 + 2y:
8 16 11
when y = 5 ,x=1 5 = 5

when y = 1, x = 1 + 2 = 3

Solutions are
2
1
, 1
3 and ( 3 , 1 )
5 5

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 3

Question:

(a) Given that 3x = 9y 1, show that x = 2y 2.

(b) Solve the simultaneous equations:

x = 2y 2
x2 = y2 + 7

Solution:

(a) 9 = 32, so 3x = ( 32 ) y1 3x = 32 ( y 1 )
Equate powers: x = 2 ( y 1 ) x = 2y 2

(b) x = 2y 2
Substitute into x2 = y2 + 7:
( 2y 2 ) 2 = y2 + 7
4y2 8y + 4 = y2 + 7
4y2 y2 8y + 4 7 = 0
3y2 8y 3 = 0
( 3y + 1 ) ( y 3 ) = 0
1
y= 3
or y = 3
Substitute into x = 2y 2:
1 2 2
when y = 3 ,x= 3 2= 2 3

when y = 3, x = 6 2 = 4
2 1
Solutions are x = 2 3 ,y= 3 and x = 4, y = 3

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 4

Question:

Solve the simultaneous equations:

x + 2y = 3
x2 2y + 4y2 = 18

Solution:

x = 3 2y
Substitute into x2 2y + 4y2 = 18:
( 3 2y ) 2 2y + 4y2 = 18
9 12y + 4y2 2y + 4y2 = 18
8y2 14y + 9 18 = 0
8y2 14y 9 = 0
( 4y 9 ) ( 2y + 1 ) = 0
9 1
y= 4
or y = 2

Substitute into x = 3 2y:

9 9 3
when y = 4
,x=3 2
= 2

1
when y = 2
,x=3+1=4
1 1 1
Solutions are x = 1 2
,y=2 4
and x = 4, y = 2

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 5

Question:

(a) Solve the inequality 3x 8 > x + 13.

(b) Solve the inequality x2 5x 14 > 0.

Solution:

(a) 3x x > 13 + 8
2x > 21
1
x > 10 2

(b) x2 5x 14 = 0
(x+2) (x7) =0
x = 2 or x = 7
Sketch of y = x2 5x 14:

x2 5x 14 > 0 when x < 2 or x > 7

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 6

Question:

Find the set of values of x for which ( x 1 ) ( x 4 ) < 2 ( x 4 ) .

Solution:

x2 5x + 4 < 2x 8
x2 5x 2x + 4 + 8 < 0
x2 7x + 12 < 0

x2 7x + 12 = 0
(x3) (x4) =0
x = 3 or x = 4
Sketch of y = x2 7x + 12:

x2 7x + 12 < 0 when 3 < x < 4.

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 7

Question:

(a) Use algebra to solve ( x 1 ) ( x + 2 ) = 18 .

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the set of values of x for which ( x 1 ) ( x + 2 ) > 18 .

Solution:

(a) x2 + x 2 = 18
x2 + x 20 = 0
(x + 5)(x 4) = 0
x = 5 or x = 4

(b) (x 1)(x + 2) > 18 x2 + x 20 > 0

Sketch of y = x2 + x 20:

x2 + x 20 > 0 when x < 5 or x > 4

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 8

Question:

Find the set of values of x for which:

(a) 6x 7 < 2x + 3

(b) 2x2 11x + 5 < 0

(c) both 6x 7 < 2x + 3 and 2x2 11x + 5 < 0.

Solution:

(a) 6x 2x < 3 + 7
4x < 10
1
x<2 2

(b) 2x2 11x + 5 = 0

( 2x 1 ) ( x 5 ) = 0
1
x= 2
or x = 5

Sketch of y = 2x2 11x + 5:

1
2x2 11x + 5 < 0 when 2 <x<5

(c)

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1 1
Intersection is 2 <x<2 2 .

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 9

Question:

Find the values of k for which kx2 + 8x + 5 = 0 has real roots.

Solution:

a = k, b = 8, c = 5
b \ b2 4ac
x= 2a

b2 4ac 0 for real roots. So

82 4k 5 0
64 20k 0
64 20k
64
20 k
1
k 3 5

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 10

Question:

Find algebraically the set of values of x for which ( 2x 3 ) ( x + 2 ) > 3 ( x 2 ) .

Solution:

2x2 + x 6 > 3x 6
2x2 + x 3x 6 + 6 > 0
2x2 2x > 0
2x ( x 1 ) > 0
Solve the equation:
2x ( x 1 ) = 0
x = 0 or x = 1
Sketch of y = 2x2 2x:

2x2 2x > 0 when x < 0 or x > 1

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 11

Question:

(a) Find, as surds, the roots of the equation 2 ( x + 1 ) ( x 4 ) ( x 2 ) 2 =0.

(b) Hence find the set of values of x for which 2 ( x + 1 ) ( x 4 ) ( x 2 ) 2 >0.

Solution:

(a) 2 ( x2 3x 4 ) ( x2 4x + 4 ) = 0
2x2 6x 8 x2 + 4x 4 = 0
x2 2x 12 = 0
a = 1, b = 2, c = 12
b \ ( b2 4ac )
x= 2a :

2 \ ( 2 ) 2 + 48 2 52
x= 2 = 2

52 = 4 13 = 2 13
x = 1 + 13 or x = 1 13

(b) 2 ( x + 1 ) ( x 4 ) ( x 2 ) 2 >0 x2 2x 12 > 0

Sketch of y = x2 2x 12:

x2 2x 12 > 0 when x < 1 13 or x > 1 + 13

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 12

Question:

(a) Use algebra to find the set of values of x for which x ( x 5 ) > 36 .

(b) Using your answer to part (a), find the set of values of y for which y2 ( y2 5 ) > 36 .

Solution:

(a) x2 5x > 36
x2 5x 36 > 0
Solve the equation:
x2 5x 36 = 0
(x+4) (x9) =0
x = 4 or x = 9
Sketch of y = x2 5x 36:

x2 5x 36 > 0 when x < 4 or x > 9

(b) Either y2 < 4 or y2 > 9

y2 < 4 is not possible. No values.
y2 > 9 y > 3 or y < 3

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 13

Question:

The specification for a rectangular car park states that the length x m is to be 5 m more than the breadth. The perimeter of
the car park is to be greater than 32 m.

(a) Form a linear inequality in x.

The area of the car park is to be less than 104m2.

(b) Form a quadratic inequality in x.

(c) By solving your inequalities, determine the set of possible values of x.

Solution:

(a) Length is x metres, breadth is ( x 5 ) metres.

Perimeter is x + x + ( x 5 ) + ( x 5 ) = ( 4x 10 ) metres
So 4x 10 > 32

(b) Area is x ( x 5 ) m2.

So x ( x 5 ) < 104

(c) Linear:
4x 10 > 32
4x > 32 + 10
4x > 42
1
x > 10 2

Quadratic:
x2 5x < 104
x2 5x 104 < 0
Solve the equation:
x2 5x 104 = 0
( x + 8 ) ( x 13 ) = 0
x = 8 or x = 13
Sketch of y = x2 5x 104:

x2 5x 104 < 0 when 8 < x < 13

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1
Intersection is 10 2 < x < 13.

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