Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise A, Question 1

Question:
Solve these simultaneous equations by elimination: 2x y = 6 4x + 3y = 22

Solution:
6x 3y = 18 4x + 3y = 22 Add: 10x = 40 x=4 Substitute into 2x y = 6: 8y=6 y=2 So solution is x = 4, y = 2
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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise A, Question 2

Question:
Solve these simultaneous equations by elimination: 7x + 3y = 16 2x + 9y = 29

Solution:
21x + 9y = 48 2x + 9y = 29 Subtract: 19x = 19 x=1 Substitute into 7x + 3y = 16: 7 + 3y = 16 3y = 9 y=3 So solution is x = 1, y = 3
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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise A, Question 3

Question:
Solve these simultaneous equations by elimination: 5x + 2y = 6 3x 10y = 26

Solution:
25x + 10y = 30 3x 10y = 26 Add: 28x = 56 x=2 Substitute into 5x + 2y = 6: 10 + 2y = 6 2y = 4 y= 2 So solution is x = 2, y = 2
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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise A, Question 4

Question:
Solve these simultaneous equations by elimination: 2x y = 12 6x + 2y = 21

Solution:
4x 2y = 24 6x + 2y = 21 Add: 10x = 45 x=4
1 2

Substitute into 2x y = 12: 9 y = 12 y=3 y= 3 So solution is x = 4

1 2

,y= 3

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise A, Question 5

Question:
Solve these simultaneous equations by elimination: 3x 2y = 6 6x + 3y = 2

Solution:
6x 4y = 12 6x + 3y = 2 Subtract: 7y = 14 y=2 Substitute into 3x 2y = 6: 3x 4 = 6 3x = 2 x=
2 3 2 3

So solution is x =

,y=2

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise A, Question 6

Question:
Solve these simultaneous equations by elimination: 3x + 8y = 33 6x = 3 + 5y

Solution:
6x + 16y = 66 6x = 3 + 5y 6x + 16y = 66 6x 5y = 3 Subtract: 21y = 63 y=3 Substitute into 3x + 8y = 33: 3x + 24 = 33 3x = 9 x=3 So solution is x = 3, y = 3
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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise B, Question 1

Question:
Solve these simultaneous equations by substitution: x + 3y = 11 4x 7y = 6

Solution:
x = 11 3y Substitute into 4x 7y = 6: 4 ( 11 3y ) 7y = 6 44 12y 7y = 6 19y = 38 y=2 Substitute into x = 11 3y: x = 11 6 x=5 So solution is x = 5, y = 2
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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise B, Question 2

Question:
Solve these simultaneous equations by substitution: 4x 3y = 40 2x + y = 5

Solution:
y = 5 2x Substitute into 4x 3y = 40: 4x 3 ( 5 2x ) = 40 4x 15 + 6x = 40 10x = 55 x=5
1 2

Substitute into y = 5 2x: y = 5 11 y= 6 So solution is x = 5

1 2

,y= 6

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise B, Question 3

Question:
Solve these simultaneous equations by substitution: 3x y = 7 10x + 3y = 2

Solution:
y = 7 3x y = 3x 7 Substitute into 10x + 3y = 2: 10x + 3 ( 3x 7 ) = 2 10x + 9x 21 = 2 19x = 19 x=1 Substitute into y = 3x 7: y=37 y= 4 So solution is x = 1, y = 4
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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise B, Question 4

Question:
Solve these simultaneous equations by substitution: 2y = 2x 3 3y = x 1

Solution:
x = 3y + 1 Substitute into 2y = 2x 3: 2y = 2 ( 3y + 1 ) 3 2y = 6y + 2 3 4y = 1 y=
1 4

Substitute into x = 3y + 1: x=
3 4 3 4 3 4

+1

x=1

So solution is x = 1

,y=

1 4

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise C, Question 1

Question:
Solve the simultaneous equations: (a) x + y = 11 xy = 30 (b) 2x + y = 1 x2 + y2 = 1 (c) y = 3x 2y2 xy = 15 (d) x + y = 9 x2 3xy + 2y2 = 0 (e) 3a + b = 8 3a2 + b2 = 28 (f) 2u + v = 7 uv = 6

Solution:
(a) y = 11 x Substitute into xy = 30: x ( 11 x ) = 30 11x x2 = 30 0 = x2 11x + 30 0= (x5) (x6) x = 5 or x = 6 Substitute into y = 11 x: when x = 5, y = 11 5 = 6 when x = 6, y = 11 6 = 5 Solutions are x = 5, y = 6 and x = 6, y = 5 (b) y = 1 2x Substitute into x2 + y2 = 1: x2 + ( 1 2x ) 2 = 1 x2 + 1 4x + 4x2 = 1 5 x2 4 x = 0 x ( 5x 4 ) = 0 x = 0 or x =
4 5

Substitute into y = 1 2x: when x = 0, y = 1 when x =

4 5

,y=1

8 5

3 5 4 5

Solutions are x = 0, y = 1 and x = (c) y = 3x Substitute into 2y2 xy = 15:

,y=

3 5

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2(3x)2 x ( 3x ) = 15 18x2 3x2 = 15 15x2 = 15 x2 = 1 x = 1 or x = 1 Substitute into y = 3x: when x = 1, y = 3 when x = 1, y = 3 Solutions are x = 1, y = 3 and x = 1, y = 3 (d) x = 9 y Substitute into x2 3xy + 2y2 = 0: ( 9 y ) 2 3y(9 y) + 2y2 = 0 81 18y + y2 27y + 3y2 + 2y2 = 0 6y2 45y + 81 = 0 Divide by 3: 2y2 15y + 27 = 0 ( 2y 9 ) ( y 3 ) = 0 y=
9 2

or y = 3
9 2 9 2 9 2

Substitute into x = 9 y: when y = ,x=9

1 2

when y = 3, x = 9 3 = 6 Solutions are x = 4 ,y=4

1 2

and x = 6, y = 3

(e) b = 8 3a Substitute into 3a2 + b2 = 28: 3a2 + ( 8 3a ) 2 = 28 3a2 + 64 48a + 9a2 = 28 12a2 48a + 36 = 0 Divide by 12: a2 4a + 3 = 0 (a1) (a3) =0 a = 1 or a = 3 Substitute into b = 8 3a: when a = 1, b = 8 3 = 5 when a = 3, b = 8 9 = 1 Solutions are a = 1, b = 5 and a = 3, b = 1 (f) v = 7 2u Substitute into uv = 6: u ( 7 2u ) = 6 7u 2u2 = 6 0 = 2u2 7u + 6 0 = ( 2u 3 ) ( u 2 ) u=
3 2

or u = 2
3

Substitute into v = 7 2u: when u =

2,

v=73=4
3 2

when u = 2, v = 7 4 = 3 Solutions are u = , v = 4 and u = 2, v = 3

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise C, Question 2

Question:
Find the coordinates of the points at which the line with equation y = x 4 intersects the curve with equation y2 = 2x2 17.

Solution:
y=x4 Substitute into y2 = 2x2 17: ( x 4 ) 2 = 2x2 17 x2 8x + 16 = 2x2 17 0 = x2 + 8x 33 0 = ( x + 11 ) ( x 3 ) x = 11 or x = 3 Substitute into y = x 4: when x = 11, y = 11 4 = 15 when x = 3, y = 3 4 = 1 Intersection points: ( 11 , 15 ) and ( 3 , 1 )
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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise C, Question 3

Question:
Find the coordinates of the points at which the line with equation y = 3x 1 intersects the curve with equation y2 xy = 15.

Solution:
y = 3x 1 Substitute into y2 xy = 15: ( 3x 1 ) 2 x(3x 1) = 15 9x2 6x + 1 3x2 + x = 15 6x2 5x 14 = 0 ( 6x + 7 ) ( x 2 ) = 0 x=
7 6

or x = 2
7 6 21 6 9 2

Substitute into y = 3x 1: when x = ,y= 1=

when x = 2, y = 6 1 = 5 Intersection points:

1 6

, 4

1 2

and ( 2 , 5 )

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise C, Question 4

Question:
Solve the simultaneous equations: (a) 3x + 2y = 7 x2 + y = 8 (b) 2x + 2y = 7 x2 4 y2 = 8

Solution:
(a) 2y = 7 3x y=
1 2

(7 3x)
1 2

Substitute into x2 + y = 8: x2 + (7 3x) = 8

Multiply by 2: 2x2 + (7 3x) = 16 2 x2 3 x 9 = 0 ( 2x + 3 ) ( x 3 ) = 0 x=

3 2

or x = 3
1 2

Substitute into y =
3 2

1 2

7 3x

9 2

when x =

,y=
1 2

7+

23 4

when x = 3, y =

79
1 2

3 4

= 1 and x = 3, y = 1

Solutions are x = 1 (b) 2x = 7 2y x=

1 2

,y=5

7 2y

Substitute into x2 4y2 = 8:

1 4

1 2

7 2y
2

4 y2 = 8

( 7 2y )

4y2 = 8

Multiply by 4: ( 7 2y ) 2 16y2 = 32 49 28y + 4y2 16y2 = 32 0 = 12y2 + 28y 17 0 = ( 6y + 17 ) ( 2y 1 )

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y=

17 6

or y =

1 2 1 2

Substitute into x =
17 6

1 2

7 2y

17 3

when y =
1 2

,x=
1 2 1 3

7+

19 3

when y =

,x=

71

5 6

=3 and x = 3, y =
1 2

Solutions are x = 6

,y= 2

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise C, Question 5

Question:
Solve the simultaneous equations, giving your answers in their simplest surd form: (a) x y = 6 xy = 4 (b) 2x + 3y = 13 x2 + y2 = 78

Solution:
(a) x = 6 + y Substitute into xy = 4: y(6+y) =4 6 y + y2 = 4 y2 + 6 y 4 = 0 a = 1, b = 6, c = 4
b \ ( b2 4ac )

y=

2a

6 \ ( 36 + 16 ) 2

6 52 2

52 = \ ( 4 13 ) = 4 13 = 2 13 y=
6 2 13 2

= 3 13

Substitute into x = 6 + y: when y = 3 13, x = 6 3 13 = 3 13 when y = 3 + 13, x = 6 3 + 13 = 3 + 13 Solutions are x = 3 13, y = 3 13 and x = 3 + 13, y = 3 + 13 (b) 2x = 13 3y x=
1 2

13 3y

Substitute into x2 + y2 = 78:

1 4

1 2

13 3y
2

+ y2 = 78

( 13 3y )

+ y2 = 78

Multiply by 4: ( 13 3y ) 2 + 4y2 = 312 169 78y + 9y2 + 4y2 = 312 13y2 78y 143 = 0 Divide by 13: y2 6y 11 = 0 a = 1, b = 6, c = 11
b \ ( b2 4ac )

y=

2a

6 \ ( 36 + 44 ) 2

6 80 2

80 = \ ( 16 5 ) = 16 5 = 4 5 y=
645 2

=325

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Substitute into x =

1 2

13 3y
1 2

when y = 3 2 5, x =

13 3(3 2 5)

1 2

13 9 + 6 5

=2+35

when y = 3 + 2 5, x =

1 2

13 3(3 + 2 5)

1 2

13 9 6 5

=235

Solutions are x = 2 3 5, y = 3 + 2 5 and x = 2 + 3 5, y = 3 2 5

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise D, Question 1

Question:
Find the set of values of x for which: (a) 2x 3 < 5 (b) 5x + 4 39

(c) 6x 3 > 2x + 7 (d) 5x + 6 12 x

(e) 15 x > 4 (f) 21 2x > 8 + 3x (g) 1 + x < 25 + 3x (h) 7x 7 < 7 7x (i) 5 0.5x 1

(j) 5x + 4 > 12 2x

Solution:
(a) 2x < 5 + 3 2x < 8 x<4 (b) 5x 39 4 5x 35 x 7 (c) 6x 2x > 7 + 3 4x > 10 x>2
1 2

(d) 5x + x 6x 18 x 3 (e) x > 4 15 x > 11 x < 11

12 6

(f) 21 8 > 3x + 2x 13 > 5x 5x < 13 x<2

3 5

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(g) x 3x < 25 1 2x < 24 x > 12 (h) 7x + 7x < 7 + 7 14x < 14 x<1 (i) 0.5x 1 5 0.5x 4 x 8 (j) 5x + 2x > 12 4 7x > 8 x>1
1 7

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise D, Question 2

Question:
Find the set of values of x for which: (a) 2 ( x 3 ) 0

(b) 8 ( 1 x ) > x 1 (c) 3 ( x + 7 ) 8x

(d) 2 ( x 3 ) ( x + 12 ) < 0 (e) 1 + 11 ( 2 x ) < 10 ( x 4 ) (f) 2 ( x 5 ) 3(4x)

(g) 12x 3 ( x 3 ) < 45 (h) x 2 ( 5 + 2x ) < 11 (i) x(x 4) (j) x(5 x) x2 + 2 3 + x x2

Solution:
(a) 2x 6 2x 6 x 3 0

(b) 8 8x > x 1 8 + 1 > x + 8x 9 > 9x 1>x x<1 (c) 3x + 21 8 x 3x + x 8 21 4x 13 x 3

1 4

(d) 2x 6 x 12 < 0 2x x < 6 + 12 x < 18 (e) 1 + 22 11x < 10x 40 1 + 22 + 40 < 10x + 11x 63 < 21x 3<x x>3 (f) 2x 10 12 3x

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2x + 3x 5x 22 x 4
2 5

12 + 10

(g) 12x 3x + 9 < 45 12x 3x < 45 9 9x < 36 x<4 (h) x 10 4x < 11 x 4x < 11 + 10 3x < 21 x> 7 (i) x2 4x x2 + 2 x2 x2 4x 2 4x 2 x
1 2

(j) 5x x2 3 + x x2 5 x x x2 + x2 3 4x 3 x
3

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise D, Question 3

Question:
Find the set of values of x for which: (a) 3 ( x 2 ) > x 4 and 4x + 12 > 2x + 17 (b) 2x 5 < x 1 and 7 ( x + 1 ) > 23 x (c) 2x 3 > 2 and 3 ( x + 2 ) < 12 + x (d) 15 x < 2 ( 11 x ) and 5 ( 3x 1 ) > 12x + 19 (e) 3x + 8 20 and 2 ( 3x 7 ) x+6

Solution:
(a) 3x 6 > x 4 3x x > 4 + 6 2x > 2 x>1 4x + 12 > 2x + 17 4x 2x > 17 12 2x > 5 x>2
1 2

So the required set of values is x > 2 (b) 2x x < 1 + 5 x<4 7 ( x + 1 ) > 23 x 7x + 7 > 23 x 7x + x > 23 7 8x > 16 x>2

1 2

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So the required set of values is 2 < x < 4 (c) 2x > 2 + 3 2x > 5 x>2
1 2

3 ( x + 2 ) < 12 + x 3x + 6 < 12 + x 3x x < 12 6 2x < 6 x<3

So the required set of values is 2 (d) 15 x < 22 2x x + 2x < 22 15 x<7 5 ( 3x 1 ) > 12x + 19 15x 5 > 12x + 19 15x 12x > 19 + 5 3x > 24 x>8

1 2

<x<3

There are no values satisfying both inequalities. (e) 3x 20 8 3x 12 x 4 2 ( 3x 7 ) x + 6 6x 14 x + 6 6x x 6 + 14 5x 20 x 4

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There is just one value, x = 4.

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise E, Question 1

Question:
Find the set of values of x for which: (a) x2 11x + 24 < 0 (b) 12 x x2 > 0 (c) x2 3x 10 > 0 (d) x2 + 7x + 12 0 (e) 7 + 13x 2x2 > 0 (f) 10 + x 2x2 < 0 (g) 4x2 8x + 3 0 (h) 2 + 7x 3x2 < 0 (i) x2 9 < 0 (j) 6x2 + 11x 10 > 0 (k) x2 5x > 0 (l) 2x2 + 3x 0

Solution:
(a) x2 11x + 24 = 0 (x3) (x8) =0 x = 3, x = 8 Sketch of y = x2 11x + 24:

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x2 11x + 24 < 0 when 3 < x < 8 (b) 12 x x2 = 0 0 = x2 + x 12 0= (x+4) (x3) x = 4, x = 3 Sketch of y = 12 x x2:

12 x x2 > 0 when 4 < x < 3 (c) x2 3x 10 = 0 (x+2) (x5) =0 x = 2, x = 5 Sketch of y = x2 3x 10:

x2 3x 10 > 0 when x < 2 or x > 5 (d) x2 + 7x + 12 = 0 (x+4) (x+3) =0 x = 4, x = 3 Sketch of y = x2 + 7x + 12:

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x2 + 7x + 12 0 when x 4 or x 3 (e) 7 + 13x 2x2 = 0 2x2 13x 7 = 0 ( 2x + 1 ) ( x 7 ) = 0 x=

1 2

,x=7

Sketch of y = 7 + 13x 2x2:

7 + 13x 2x2 > 0 when (f) 10 + x 2x2 = 0 2x2 x 10 = 0 ( 2x 5 ) ( x + 2 ) = 0 x=2

1 2

1 2

<x<7

,x= 2

Sketch of y = 10 + x 2x2:

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10 + x 2x2 < 0 when x < 2 or x > 2 (g) 4x2 8x + 3 = 0 ( 2x 1 ) ( 2x 3 ) = 0 x=

1 2

1 2

,x=1

1 2

Sketch of y = 4x2 8x + 3:

4x2 8x + 3 0 when

1 2

x1

1 2

(h) 2 + 7x 3x2 = 0 3 x2 7 x + 2 = 0 ( 3x 1 ) ( x 2 ) = 0 x=
1 3

,x=2

Sketch of y = 2 + 7x 3x2:

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2 + 7x 3x2 < 0 when x < (i) x2 9 = 0 (x+3) (x3) =0 x = 3, x = 3 Sketch of y = x2 9:

3 or

x>2

x2 9 < 0 when 3 < x < 3 (j) 6x2 + 11x 10 = 0 ( 3x 2 ) ( 2x + 5 ) = 0 x=

2 3

,x= 2

1 2

Sketch of y = 6x2 + 11x 10:

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6x2 + 11x 10 > 0 when x < 2 (k) x2 5x = 0 x(x5) =0 x = 0, x = 5 Sketch of y = x2 5x:

1 2

or x >

2 3

x2 5x > 0 when x < 0 or x > 5 (l) 2x2 + 3x = 0 x ( 2x + 3 ) = 0 x = 0, x = 1

1 2

Sketch of y = 2x2 + 3x:

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2x2 + 3x 0 when 1

1 2

x0

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise E, Question 2

Question:
Find the set of values of x for which: (a) x2 < 10 3x (b) 11 < x2 + 10 (c) x ( 3 2x ) > 1 (d) x ( x + 11 ) < 3 ( 1 x2 )

Solution:
(a) x2 = 10 3x x2 + 3x 10 = 0 (x+5) (x2) =0 x = 5, x = 2 x2 < 10 3x x2 + 3x 10 < 0 Sketch of y = x2 + 3x 10:

x2 + 3x 10 < 0 when 5 < x < 2 (b) 11 = x2 + 10 x2 = 1 x = 1, x = 1 11 < x2 + 10

0 < x2 + 10 11

x2 1 > 0

Sketch of y = x2 1:

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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x2 1 > 0 when x < 1 or x > 1 (c) x ( 3 2x ) = 1 3x 2x2 = 1 0 = 2x2 3x + 1 0 = ( 2x 1 ) ( x 1 ) x=

1 2

,x=1 2 x2 + 3 x 1 > 0 2x2 3x + 1 < 0

x ( 3 2x ) > 1 Sketch of y = 2x2

3x + 1:

2x2 3x + 1 < 0 when

1 2

<x<1

(d) x ( x + 11 ) = 3 ( 1 x2 ) x2 + 11x = 3 3x2 x2 + 3x2 + 11x 3 = 0 4x2 + 11x 3 = 0 ( 4x 1 ) ( x + 3 ) = 0 x=

1 4

,x= 3 4x2 + 11x 3 < 0

x ( x + 11 ) < 3 ( 1 x2 ) Sketch of y = 4x2 + 11x 3:

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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4x2 + 11x 3 < 0 when 3 < x <

1 4

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise E, Question 3

Question:
Find the set of values of x for which: (a) x2 7x + 10 < 0 and 3x + 5 < 17 (b) x2 x 6 > 0 and 10 2x < 5 (c) 4x2 3x 1 < 0 and 4 ( x + 2 ) < 15 ( x + 7 ) (d) 2x2 x 1 < 0 and 14 < 3x 2 (e) x2 x 12 > 0 and 3x + 17 > 2 (f) x2 2x 3 < 0 and x2 3x + 2 > 0

Solution:
(a) x2 7x + 10 = 0 (x2) (x5) =0 x = 2, x = 5 Sketch of y = x2 7x + 10:

x2 7x + 10 < 0 when 2 < x < 5. 3x + 5 < 17 3x < 17 5 3x < 12 x<4

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Intersection is 2 < x < 4. (b) x2 x 6 = 0 (x+2) (x3) =0 x = 2, x = 3 Sketch of y = x2 x 6:

x2 x 6 > 0 when x < 2 or x > 3 10 2x < 5 2x < 5 10 2x < 5 x>2

1 2

Intersection is x > 3. (c) 4x2 3x 1 = 0 ( 4x + 1 ) ( x 1 ) = 0 x=

1 4

,x=1

Sketch of y = 4x2 3x 1:

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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4x2 3x 1 < 0 when

1 4

<x<1

4 ( x + 2 ) < 15 ( x + 7 ) 4x + 8 < 15 x 7 4x + 8 < 8 x 4x + x < 8 8 5x < 0 x<0

Intersection is

1 4

<x<0

(d) 2x2 x 1 = 0 ( 2x + 1 ) ( x 1 ) = 0 x=
1 2

,x=1

Sketch of y = 2x2 x 1:

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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2x2 x 1 < 0 when 14 < 3x 2 14 + 2 < 3x 3x > 16 x>5

1 3

1 2

<x<1

No intersection. There are no values of x for which both inequalities are true. (e) x2 x 12 = 0 (x+3) (x4) =0 x = 3, x = 4 Sketch of y = x2 x 12:

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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x2 x 12 > 0 when x < 3 or x > 4 3x + 17 > 2 3x > 2 17 3x > 15 x> 5

Intersection is 5 < x < 3, x > 4. (f) x2 2x 3 = 0 (x+1) (x3) =0 x = 1, x = 3 Sketch of y = x2 2x 3:

x2 2x 3 < 0 when 1 < x < 3 x2 3 x + 2 = 0 (x1) (x2) =0 x = 1, x = 2 Sketch of y = x2 3x + 2:

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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x2 3x + 2 > 0 when x < 1 or x > 2

Intersection is 1 < x < 1, 2 < x < 3.

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise E, Question 4

Question:
(a) Find the range of values of k for which the equation x2 kx + ( k + 3 ) = 0 has no real roots. (b) Find the range of values of p for which the roots of the equation px2 + px 2 = 0 are real.

Solution:
(a) a = 1, b = k, c = k + 3 b2 4ac < 0 for no real roots, so k2 4 ( k + 3 ) < 0 k2 4k 12 < 0 (k6) (k+2) <0 2<k<6 (b) a = p, b = p, c = 2 b2 4ac < 0 for no real roots, so p2 + 8p < 0 p(p+8) <0 8<p<0
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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 1

Question:
Solve the simultaneous equations: x + 2y = 3 x2 4y2 = 33

Solution:
x = 3 2y Substitute into x2 4y2 = 33: ( 3 2y ) 2 4y2 = 33 9 12y + 4y2 4y2 = 33 12y = 33 9 12y = 42 y=3
1 2

Substitute into x = 3 2y: x=37= 4 So solution is x = 4, y = 3

1 2

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 2

Question:
Show that the elimination of x from the simultaneous equations: x 2y = 1 3xy y2 = 8 produces the equation 5y2 + 3y 8 = 0. Solve this quadratic equation and hence find the pairs ( x , y ) for which the simultaneous equations are satisfied.

Solution:
x = 1 + 2y Substitute into 3xy y2 = 8: 3y(1 + 2y) y2 = 8 3y + 6y2 y2 = 8 5 y2 + 3 y 8 = 0 ( 5y + 8 ) ( y 1 ) = 0 y=
8 5

or y = 1
8 5 16 5 11 5

Substitute into x = 1 + 2y: when y = ,x=1 =

when y = 1, x = 1 + 2 = 3 Solutions are

1 5

, 1

3 5

and ( 3 , 1 )

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 3

Question:
(a) Given that 3x = 9y 1, show that x = 2y 2. (b) Solve the simultaneous equations: x = 2y 2 x2 = y2 + 7

Solution:
(a) 9 = 32, so 3x = ( 32 )
y1

3x = 32 ( y 1 ) x = 2y 2

Equate powers: x = 2 ( y 1 ) (b) x = 2y 2 Substitute into x2 = y2 + 7: ( 2y 2 ) 2 = y2 + 7 4 y2 8 y + 4 = y2 + 7 4 y2 y2 8 y + 4 7 = 0 3 y2 8 y 3 = 0 ( 3y + 1 ) ( y 3 ) = 0 y=

1 3

or y = 3
1 3 2 3 2 3

Substitute into x = 2y 2: when y = ,x=

2 3

2= 2
1 3

when y = 3, x = 6 2 = 4 Solutions are x = 2 ,y= and x = 4, y = 3

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 4

Question:
Solve the simultaneous equations: x + 2y = 3 x2 2y + 4y2 = 18

Solution:
x = 3 2y Substitute into x2 2y + 4y2 = 18: ( 3 2y ) 2 2y + 4y2 = 18 9 12y + 4y2 2y + 4y2 = 18 8y2 14y + 9 18 = 0 8y2 14y 9 = 0 ( 4y 9 ) ( 2y + 1 ) = 0 y=
9 4

or y =
9 4

1 2

Substitute into x = 3 2y: when y = ,x=3

1 2 9 2

3 2

when y =

,x=3+1=4
1 2

Solutions are x = 1

,y=2

1 4

and x = 4, y =

1 2

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 5

Question:
(a) Solve the inequality 3x 8 > x + 13. (b) Solve the inequality x2 5x 14 > 0.

Solution:
(a) 3x x > 13 + 8 2x > 21 x > 10
1 2

(b) x2 5x 14 = 0 (x+2) (x7) =0 x = 2 or x = 7 Sketch of y = x2 5x 14:

x2 5x 14 > 0 when x < 2 or x > 7

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 6

Question:
Find the set of values of x for which ( x 1 ) ( x 4 ) < 2 ( x 4 ) .

Solution:
x2 5x + 4 < 2x 8 x2 5 x 2 x + 4 + 8 < 0 x2 7x + 12 < 0 x2 7x + 12 = 0 (x3) (x4) =0 x = 3 or x = 4 Sketch of y = x2 7x + 12:

x2 7x + 12 < 0 when 3 < x < 4.

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 7

Question:
(a) Use algebra to solve ( x 1 ) ( x + 2 ) = 18 . (b) Hence, or otherwise, find the set of values of x for which ( x 1 ) ( x + 2 ) > 18 .

Solution:
(a) x2 + x 2 = 18 x2 + x 20 = 0 (x + 5)(x 4) = 0 x = 5 or x = 4 (b) (x 1)(x + 2) > 18 x2 + x 20 > 0

Sketch of y = x2 + x 20:

x2 + x 20 > 0 when x < 5 or x > 4

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 8

Question:
Find the set of values of x for which: (a) 6x 7 < 2x + 3 (b) 2x2 11x + 5 < 0 (c) both 6x 7 < 2x + 3 and 2x2 11x + 5 < 0.

Solution:
(a) 6x 2x < 3 + 7 4x < 10 x<2
1 2

(b) 2x2 11x + 5 = 0 ( 2x 1 ) ( x 5 ) = 0 x=

1 2

or x = 5

Sketch of y = 2x2 11x + 5:

2x2 11x + 5 < 0 when (c)

1 2

<x<5

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Intersection is

1 2

<x<2

1 2

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 9

Question:
Find the values of k for which kx2 + 8x + 5 = 0 has real roots.

Solution:
a = k, b = 8, c = 5
b \ b 2 4 ac

x=

2a

b2 4ac 0 for real roots. So 82 4k 5 0 64 20k 0 64 20k

64 20

k
1 5

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 10

Question:
Find algebraically the set of values of x for which ( 2x 3 ) ( x + 2 ) > 3 ( x 2 ) .

Solution:
2x2 + x 6 > 3x 6 2 x2 + x 3 x 6 + 6 > 0 2 x2 2 x > 0 2x ( x 1 ) > 0 Solve the equation: 2x ( x 1 ) = 0 x = 0 or x = 1 Sketch of y = 2x2 2x:

2x2 2x > 0 when x < 0 or x > 1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 11

Question:
(a) Find, as surds, the roots of the equation 2 ( x + 1 ) ( x 4 ) ( x 2 )
2

=0.
2

(b) Hence find the set of values of x for which 2 ( x + 1 ) ( x 4 ) ( x 2 )

>0.

Solution:
(a) 2 ( x2 3x 4 ) ( x2 4x + 4 ) = 0 2x2 6x 8 x2 + 4x 4 = 0 x2 2x 12 = 0 a = 1, b = 2, c = 12
b \ ( b2 4ac )

x= x=

2a 2 \ ( 2 ) 2 + 48 2

: =
2 52 2

52 = 4 13 = 2 13 x = 1 + 13 or x = 1 13 (b) 2 ( x + 1 ) ( x 4 ) ( x 2 ) Sketch of y = x2 2x 12:

2

>0

x2 2x 12 > 0

x2 2x 12 > 0 when x < 1 13 or x > 1 + 13

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 12

Question:
(a) Use algebra to find the set of values of x for which x ( x 5 ) > 36 . (b) Using your answer to part (a), find the set of values of y for which y2 ( y2 5 ) > 36 .

Solution:
(a) x2 5x > 36 x2 5x 36 > 0 Solve the equation: x2 5x 36 = 0 (x+4) (x9) =0 x = 4 or x = 9 Sketch of y = x2 5x 36:

x2 5x 36 > 0 when x < 4 or x > 9 (b) Either y2 < 4 or y2 > 9 y2 < 4 is not possible. No values. y2 > 9 y > 3 or y < 3
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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Equations and inequalities
Exercise F, Question 13

Question:
The specification for a rectangular car park states that the length x m is to be 5 m more than the breadth. The perimeter of the car park is to be greater than 32 m. (a) Form a linear inequality in x. The area of the car park is to be less than 104m2. (b) Form a quadratic inequality in x. (c) By solving your inequalities, determine the set of possible values of x.

Solution:
(a) Length is x metres, breadth is ( x 5 ) metres. Perimeter is x + x + ( x 5 ) + ( x 5 ) = ( 4x 10 ) metres So 4x 10 > 32 (b) Area is x ( x 5 ) m2. So x ( x 5 ) < 104 (c) Linear: 4x 10 > 32 4x > 32 + 10 4x > 42 x > 10
1 2

Quadratic: x2 5x < 104 x2 5x 104 < 0 Solve the equation: x2 5x 104 = 0 ( x + 8 ) ( x 13 ) = 0 x = 8 or x = 13 Sketch of y = x2 5x 104:

x2 5x 104 < 0 when 8 < x < 13

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Intersection is 10

1 2

< x < 13.

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