Case 12 Ang Yu Asuncion Vs CA

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ANG YU ASUNCION ET AL. VS.

COURT OF APPEALS

G.R. No. 109125 283 SCRA 602

December 2, 1994

FACTS:

On July 29, 1987 a Complaint for Specific Performance was filed by Ang Yu Asuncion and Keh
Tiong, et al., against Bobby Cu Unjieng, Rose Cu Unjieng and Jose Tan before the Regional Trial Court,
alleging that plaintiffs are tenants or lessees of residential and commercial spaces owned by defendants
in Binondo, Manila; that they have occupied said spaces since 1935 and have been religiously paying the
rental and complying with all the conditions of the lease contract.

On several occasions before October 9, 1986, defendants informed plaintiffs that they are
offering to sell the premises and are giving them priority to acquire the same. During the negotiations,
Bobby Cu Unjieng offered a price of P6-million while plaintiffs made a counter offer of P5-million.

Plaintiffs thereafter asked the defendants to put their offer in writing to which request defendants
acceded. In reply to defendant's letter, plaintiffs wrote them on October 24, 1986 asking that they specify
the terms and conditions of the offer to sell. However, plaintiffs did not receive any reply, so they sent
another letter dated January 28, 1987 with the same request. Since defendants failed to specify the terms
and conditions of the offer to sell and because of information received that defendants were about to sell
the property, plaintiffs were compelled to file the complaint to compel defendants to sell the property to
them.

The trial court found that defendants' offer to sell was never accepted by the plaintiffs for the
reason that the parties did not agree upon the terms and conditions of the proposed sale, hence, there
was no contract of sale at all. Nonetheless, the lower court ruled that should the defendants subsequently
offer their property for sale at a price of P11-million or below, plaintiffs will have the right of first refusal.

The Court of Appeals affirmed the decision of the Trial Court.

ISSUE:

Whether or not the contract of sale is perfected by the grant of a Right of First Refusal.

HELD:

Right of first refusal is not a perfected contract of sale under Article 1458 of the Civil Code.

In the law on sales, the so-called "right of first refusal" is an innovative juridical relation. The right
of first refusal cannot be brought within the purview of an option under the second paragraph of Article
1479,, or possibly of an offer under Article 1319 of the same Code. An option or an offer would require,
among other things, a clear certainty on both the object and the cause or consideration of the envisioned
contract. In a right of first refusal, while the object might be made determinate, the exercise of the right,
however, would be dependent not only on the grantor's eventual intention to enter into a binding juridical
relation with another but also on terms, including the price, that obviously are yet to be later firmed up.

The proper action for violation of the right of first refysal is to file an action for damages and NOT
writ of execution.

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