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MSES-2016-2018-20 MUHAMMAD NADEEM ANJUM
Assignment 1
Step 1. Selecting a broad research topic/area Climate change is the environmental risk for
of interest agriculture in Pakistan
Step 2. Narrowing down topic/area of Impacts of climate change on agriculture in

interest Punjab Pakistan
Step 3. Clarifying a more specific The average pattern of weather in specific
problem/issue region in 30 years is known as climate. But
now the climate is changing rapidly due to
industrial race of populations demands.
Man-made applications and machinery has
made a dramatic change in climate change
due to all types of pollution. Countries most
vulnerable to climate change include Bhutan,
Indonesia, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea,
PRC, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste,
Uzbekistan, and Vietnam (Asian
Development Bank, 2009) This climate
change replies in concern of destroying
impacts on resources especially in
agriculture sector. Climate change is now an
environmental risk for the growth of crops in
Pakistan.
Step 4 Problem statement Pakistan is located in such region where four
seasons are available through a year. As
Pakistan is an agriculture dependent country
so all seasons help it for growing many kinds
of crops.
Nature makes a sequence and pattern of all
things on earth but man has made a change in
this sequence intentionally or
unintentionally. Climate change is one of the
examples of man- made change in natures
pattern due to lot of pollution through
emission from the industrial sector.
The impacts of climate change on crops can
understand by the crop-response model.
From all over the world, Pakistan is also

affected by the climate change especially in
agriculture. The growing season, ripping
season, harvesting season, crop growth
duration and yield of crops are affected badly
due to climate change.
There are two crops seasons in Pakistan

namely, Rabi and Kharif. Rabi crops are
grown normally in the months of November
to April and Kharif crops are grown from
May to October. These two seasons make
Pakistan an agricultural economy and its
performance depends on the climate during
the whole year. Climate change generally
affects agriculture through changes in
temperature & precipitation.
This paper contains a brief data on climate
change impacts on agriculture in Pakistan.
Climate change pose so many challenges for
the growth of crops discuss in this paper
briefly in sense of change in precipitation and
temperature. Mostly cotton, maize,
sugarcane, wheat and rice are cultivated in
the Punjab. All these crops have their own
capacity to adapt the seasonal temperature
change and also requirement of the water.
Climate change changed the rainfall pattern
and temperature so these crops face severe
impacts in growth and yield.
There is also possibility that is about the
impacts of agriculture on climate change as
methane in some quantity is also emitted by
agriculture. This problem is identified by
Paul et al (2009).
As climate change is an environmental risk
for the crops in Pakistan, we explains
variables of climate in term of first stage
temperature, second stage temperature, third
stage temperature, fourth stage temperature
& first stage precipitation, second stage
precipitation, third stage precipitation and
fourth stage precipitation to fully understand
the whole effect on both growth and yield of
agriculture.
This paper focuses on maize, sugarcane,

wheat and cotton crops in Lahore, Multan,
Bahawalpur, Jehlum, Mianwali & Silakot.
Crop response models and yield graphs
clearly show that climate change disrupts the
production of food.
Increase in temperature results in positively

increasing production of wheat and rice but
this rising temperature and decreasing
precipitation also negatively affect the other
crops.
Finally conclusion is
Impacts varies from crop to crop
District variation in crops production
are significant
Impact of climate change varies
significantly with timing and
production stages of the crops.
Annotated Bibliography
Reference This article discusses climate change and
agriculture in general and mentions the
Citation different mitigations measures and system
(Mark W. Rosegrant et al) of climate change impacts on both on side
and off side the forms.
Mark W. Rosegrant, Mandy Ewing, Gary Yohe, This research is done through assessment
Ian Burton, Saleemul Huq, Rowena Valmonte- and analysis of the crops yield in 10-20
Santos, climate change and agriculture: Threats years. The data is taken from primary
and opportunities , November, 2008, Eschborn, sources and also form secondary sources
Germany. such as agriculture and economic
departments.
This article mainly focuses on the

Germany and the authors conclude that
agriculture in Germany needs a different
temperature than in Asia.
Citation This study is underscoring the impact of

(Rehana siddique et al) climate change on the major agricultural
crops in Punjab, Pakistan. These crops are
Siddique ,R, Samad, G, Nasir ,M, & Jalil,H, The Wheat, Rice, Cotton and Sugarcane.
Impact of Climate Change on Major Agricultural This is the first study of its nature in
Crops: Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan. Punjab.
This paper also includes tables and graphs

that show that there are significance
impacts of climate change on both Rabi

and Khareef periods.
Authors use different types of statistical
packages to evaluate the yield graph after
the impact of climate change in a specific
time period.
Citation This paper contains the hypothesis that

(James Tobey et al) negative yield effects in the temperate
regions where it is estimated that there is a
Tobey, J, Reilly, J, & Kane, S, Economic sudden change in food production due to
Implications of Global Climate Change for global warming.
World Agriculture, Journal of Agricultural and Models give a picture that there is
Resource Economics, vol.17, no.1,pp. 195-204 decreasing rate of grain production due to
Copyright 1992 Western Agricultural Economics increasing temperature. This rising
Association temperature affects on leaf portion the
crops and resulting in the yellowing of
leafs and hence photosynthesis decreases.
Citation This thematic study is based on an analysis

Agnes Kelemen et al(2000) of the achievements of central Europe in
Venelina Varbova and Dora Almassy the field of agriculture.
Kelemen, A, Varbora, V, & Almassy, D, The data for this paper is taken from the
Environmental risk management and climate survey method. Authors of this paper took
change, Hungry. a survey of the different portions of the
affected areas.
Main affecting agents of climate change

are temperature, frost and early melting of
ice due which results in case of water
logging.

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MSES-2016-2018-20 MUHAMMAD NADEEM ANJUM

Step 2. Narrowing down topic/area of Impacts of climate change on agriculture in

From all over the world, Pakistan is also

There are two crops seasons in Pakistan

This paper focuses on maize, sugarcane,

Increase in temperature results in positively

This article mainly focuses on the

Citation This study is underscoring the impact of

This paper also includes tables and graphs

impacts of climate change on both Rabi

Citation This paper contains the hypothesis that

Citation This thematic study is based on an analysis

Main affecting agents of climate change

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