Bridging GCSE and A Level Maths

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Bridging GCSE and A Level Maths

It is pre work for A level

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<> CollinsCollins QUIET Tera Bridging GCSE and A Level Maths et ms me Mark Rowland| Contents 1 Numbers and indices 1.2 Suis 13 indies 2 Algebra t 21 as algebra 22 Solvinglinear equations 25 Linear inequalities 24 Formingexpesions 3 Coontinate geometry 1 ‘A Straight tine graphs ‘82 The equation ofaline ‘4 Pralleland perpendicular 25 Intersections of ines 4 Algebra 2 41 Sovinga quadratic equation byfactoniing 442 Completing the square 43 solving quadratic equation ‘singe formula 4 Slvnglinear and non tinear fouatiene simultaneously 5 Coordinate geometry 2 ‘31 Tansformations of gape 152 Seechingcures 5 Intersection points of aps 54 Thre cre theorems aea3 ae "7 CEC et a eee ey BAe} Lesee = 2 gf s8a8 6 THigonometry and tangles (61 Trigonomeuy and vianges {62 Theareaofany ange (63 Slvng a wigonomaie 7 Sequences and summations 7A Aritmetc sequences 72 Recurence elaone and £8 Introducing diterentation* 12 Diereniacon {83 Applications oitirenttion Exam paper n “agin eine compete ua us 6| Intreduction Welcome Calin Riding GCSE tind Loe athe Stent Book ‘This bok helps you to progress moot oma rom GESE Maths ‘wlth dtaled examples and plenty of Drarice inthe key areas need fo ‘icces aA Level Revisiting GCSE Consolidate your knowledge of Aiea GCSE topes with rade ‘worked examples ‘Moving on to AS Level Find out how thestatgis you learn at GCSE are extend and ‘explore ith AS Lael ‘worked examples Key points Lack out forthe ble Key point ‘boxes that highlight the mst Important ings to remember foreach opie Handy hints and AS Alerts Find vaknble‘Handyhin’ boxes youghout the ook and tindrstand methods that are Speaicte AS Level with RSet woe ‘Common errors and Checkpoints ‘Avoid he common misconceptions that students regula make wih Common errs boxes and ‘scone seul wayt check your working with ‘Checkpoint boxe. Practice section Ineretae your confidence and improve your sls wih comprehensive practice etons, packed ‘with questions, dedicated teach topic Exam practice Eure you are ety o tar your AS couse by taking the ter ut exam papers the bark of the book, Anewors Final the answers tothe practice exercises at the backf the book The answers and markscheme forthe exam paper an be found inthe downloadable teacher meri svaabietpurchase at ‘westeimeieston com1.1 Fractions ‘What you should already know: ‘+ howto a, subtat maply and dvd by factions ‘+ owt convert between mixed numbers and top-heavy fatons In this section you wil learn: "howto subsite a fasion formula InGCSE Math 0 performed ck acon The mbes la my he een tophemyorinprope acon chao mba number ch 2 ‘usu conden in comering med number io tape cons Fer example, Uses common denominator of: [Add the numerator: 24-820SEC Example) ____— Won ou fo ive your ani pet arm Working = You mui by te recproeat of Cancel the common factors Bring the umeatrs together: Bring the denominators ogee: Jbd ey pint Tester kaon thet Pa facbt ocd nasa ou abe a work content wins hye sen ede en “Imptiying or findngthevalue oan expression tou wil generally Gnd i easier work with {opr reions ae than med numbers Forexmple tis tea a workoutthe vate of without eles. 4" Hower by wing fas yocaneniywnkout wanes y= ‘Moving on to AS Level AS Level Example 2 ping theformulay= fe find the val oy when Working ousubatutes= 2a the formals, ‘We sthetp enya Forme Cancel the common fotor2: Simply the product: Addthe numerator: Soy=4whens=2 numpensanoworces @)Working | Youcan wit SF a§ you can ad dhe indices tpeterso tat plies “Tirworks because a= (2% aX (a aa) Key point ere re somne aut involng indices: xa a = fie = a= a= Sone nvonaconer extr= tab E- (fr voronorz0 © eetoranotzeo 0st Beanie Sip oti Moca a a te = oer =x ane Seslas onan bee = 069 si Stoner =e Sap snpiber 479 ‘nw als have met he definton of negtve and factional Indios Forexample 2? means rand so2*has vale Sima, means the postive square root a4, and so4? hasvale {Land general at ~ fr any umber aGCSE A Example 7 Find he value= Working ‘ou ppl the dfinons wo each expression, one Key point ere ae some genera definions which you need o know for AS Maths © er= fvtme risa 7 ata whetenisny postin In AS Maths you wl be expected o evaluate expressions involving indices, ossibly without those ofacalelator ‘AS Lovel Example 8 - Find he value of 16% ~ a ns rye 2=Sinefmar— be singte weaker conan band aay —_—_—— = ‘Handy hint 4 Usingeule 8 you can write 16 as aan a vere Nowa onthe denomint Ba oly ‘You can write 16° as (162? by using rule. “Handy hint a ‘ Sucevttenatne arse sot = g t * scan we 2 tsps 0% ‘werner poeat we eno @ wwvens avo moresSo Ff simples to ‘You must splithe fraction up into wo parts Separate the numbers rom the tems Userulesofindies: =e ~ ar agar so ascart Commoner Z iat nse ms b= (Compare a8 ~ with at — aa = 4,8 = 3.n= 1 aes When calculating ait is usually ease to use theresa 4a" rather than a Taking it further Indices appear in many AS Mats topis but in particular you wil ned 10 be consent in using them ‘when studing dferenaion and ington{ 2 Algebra 1 2.1 Basic algebra ‘What you should alroady know: + howto split expressions such s ala + 4) ~ (a+ "Bab {howto rearange formula sch 6 A~ nF tomakethesubject. In this section you wil learn: 1+ oto deal wih more complicated expressions nd formula, In GCSE Matis you practi expanding brackets fctorsing and simplifying expssions, GCSE 6 Example 1 ‘a Factorie ily 120%+ 66, 1b Rearrange A= MA to make the subject ofthe formula Working You look or common factors of mmbers and terms Intheexpresion 1206 + 6" thenumbersareL2and& thehigest common factor {ss beomte 252. a thepowersofaareaand. the highest common power yan bpm te fenaueesexe oe the powersofareband #: —thehighes common power ib! bscause = oe ‘Checkotne Séothe highest common factor ofthe expression ik oa a filly atorised form, 120 + Ge? = 62a? + 6. Senensne1» Foxmulasorearange: Ait Mukpiyo ade by2: 24 hla Dividebothsidesbye Mma tb Sibmnctatiom biter 2-9 0 Moving onto AS Level nS ats x wl as bring cone ln expanding fcr expressions yu wile need teShn capes ansqatbn in param risen anomerparvots quo, Taerefs ual ‘ore than ope way of dong hs 1S Level Example 2 press 8 in tearm AP +B tinge value othe constants and Working mone method you fly acre the numero. ie +6 = 2 +8) so se ae igen ae Compares! + 3withAe + B.A= 4,823, Ateratvety you could ave divided each erm inthe erator 2 ‘ouray aso be required oid a forms and then rearanget ete he egued letter peat on or sides othe form. AS Lovel Example 9 “The dag shows igh-angled wingle Abcsaiere C= pand aC=p © 1 1s ~ sin. find an expresion or pin a motandin un eco pooners snd RENE = 2 sotatimda?= pf materi aly —— cope ea Fematreranes= amauta AP a ae ac ee a ‘Factorise the left-hand side: (s~ 1p =s = ALoEORA 1Disde bot sides 1s = 8, ‘Soanespreson for pin tems ofsisp = p2— | Taking ether cng able ta manipune alga xpresons ict ls animportan sili Math Mot questions depend on these eehnique 2.2 Solving linear equations What you should already know: + hom io solvean equation sich a2 + 1)= a +7 + howiosolvea pairofsinutaneous equations such as 2 + 3y = 1 and te—2y~ 10 In this section you wil learn: + how to solve more compli equations + howto solve an equation as part of more complex problem, Revising GCSE | GCSE Maths you learnt how solve an equation by spplyingrevers operatons wo each side of theeguaton CSE C Examples Sot theoqnon +127 Working ‘ouneed ound the equation by applying reverse operations tocach side, so that ang becomes ating ding becomes multipngete Bquaton save: Beier Saba om bth sides Multiply oth ses by Divide bot ses 2 The sohtions. NAS Maths, you often nes to sean equation ss part of more complex problem. This means ouhave to beable appl the rules with consdence The equation ma nla unk the ‘numerator and denominator, AS Level Example § sobvedteeuaton = 2, Working ued o mull both ies the denominator +3. Fquaon ose i =2 @ oem:Muipiybotisiéesby r+ 3¢ Fxpand the bracket a Subtract 2 tom both sides: ‘othe solitons = 6 eres amore complex problem which involves several stepsand ismore ypicl oan Save queson. [AS Level Example 6 ‘The diagram shows rectangle ABCD, AB= ,BC= 2+ 2, where all ‘lmensone se incentives. “The perimeter of ths rectangle 34 cm, reg! | Showrthat he side ashas een ts length Sem —— ‘Souter ew byt 1 Hence ind the length ofthe nibemes cera agonal Ac. Working feces “andy hint Tecause ABCD rectangle arse enue feperineterintemsottis © at Br ‘A+ BC+ CD+ DA =x Qe42)4x4 24+ 2) sore Since the perimeters cm. the equation soles erta=at Sub rom botsides: 6x ~90 Divide bom sidesbyee = Sothelengh of te side AB em as requie ee Youcanuwethevaluex = Stofndthelenghofsie BC andooumx= snp Be~2e+2 ‘Sama tne oa SNe =12em ser yg ce - saaaniymant ier a Smateeness, "on : 25+ 7 169 “any hi 2s ay ‘asdaynd satin 2h Tokig rte Dg ann ery pce Alaa ny edb son rom ar ee ea nglateacipennecoabaae ALGEBRA 8)2.3 Linear inequalities ‘what you should already know: | how tosolean equation suchas r+ 2 = 17 “+ howto solve a simple inequality suchas 2e + 17, In this section you wil learn: ‘how to solve more complicated inequalities, “Revisiting GCSE ‘naualites are expressions showing age of possible valves. For example, yor have o be at est [peared before you can obtain ain ence Soi person has a diving sence den you ean ‘ert = 17, wheres the persons age GCSE 8 Example 7 Sole theinequaliy x +3-< 24 18 Working “ou apply the same rules x you would when song an equation Inequality wo solve ferseers 5 Subset 2cfrombothales4x+3-<15 Subeaet3fomboth sides 4-<12 Divide bh sides by: ea Sothe soliton ex<3 Moving on to AS Lovet In AS Maths questions Inequalities often inva sions and negative ction AS Level Example 8 Rind hesetofvalvesafstorwhich 258 <2 San Working me “ou can tart by easing the faction Inequaity ste 258 Mulipybomhsides byt: 2 ax<8 Subic 2frombothaides:— ~ar<8 = Dive oth ies by (3) and revere the equal sn: Cee ee ren? eager ee Sothe setofvaluesforwhich 2538 <2igr= -2 fhe ‘Key points 1. When you mulplyo divide each side ofan inequality by e negative munber you mus reverse ‘the isequaliy sya 1 AS Math, you wll mest expressions involving wo neguaites For tample the expression 2° ¢means. rca ake any value between 2 and ineusve) Some possbievalues of fo ohio 2 = tare 25.208 and (a= x beans xcan take any vale between and b(lnchsive) (=< beans xcantake any value between and bercet aad bheseles ALGEBRAAS Level Example 9 4 Sole theinegualiy <24 +5 <18 — Tsar 1b Hence write down the st of values oor which Seas wtexedand 3 2¢+5< 1 Sees esting =—_—— cnn sins wane ‘Subtract 5 from all sides; 3—$<2r+5-8<13-5 — Divide al sides by 2 -lex<4 eee So the solutions -1=24-<4 ee ‘You can represent each inequality on a number line, = moses. Sates eee eee fr dpe nnn an ezgeccat manner | Taking it further ‘ou wil neo be able fo solve inequities such s+ ~ «<6 Yu also need tsa inequalities to find out when a quadratic equation has el stony, Solving neues sso hls Aad the seo values for which raps incteasing 2.4 Forming expressions ‘What you shoul ready know: 2 hooforn an expres fom iagam. ln this section you wil lars + howto oi wo arable on adam. “Revisiting GCSE In GCSE Maths you worked wih forme for perimeters and volumes of varus shapes For ‘Sample thevlume Vf a cjinder wh base ads and height hs give y the oma GCSE .C Example 10 The diagram shows arecungulaalounent and path, ‘The wth ofthe path xm andthe ecangle ABCD has Alimensons 6m © Im Sind an expression lo the perimeter ofthe allotment ‘Give your answer in fatosed form, sanWorking ‘ounneed to desert the width of the ‘ sllorment interme of ‘Thealltment ha width — sm, ‘The perimeter ofthe allunent sitet n+ 6-0+1+6-9 Gather Ie tems: = 1146114 6-2 : Simplify: -u-2 Sn factorsd form, an expression forthe perimeter ofthe allotments 217 ~») m. ‘oucan rum tis expression ino an algebraic equation by wring P= 217 ~ 2, wheeePisthe perinte fhe allotment | Moving onto AS Level 1nAS Maths, you may have to deal with ashape which has more than one unkown dimension, [AS Level Example 11 The dlagam shows arecangle PORS where PQ = xO Allegis rein centimetes. ‘The rectangle has pecimetr 12m andrea Aen Show thea = c= Working ‘You kno thatthe ara of the rectangles A = 9, and you sre tango show that A= 62> So you need to substiutey with an expression n terms of “ofind his expression, you must use the given information that the rectangle as permeter 2m, Perimeter wxtytety sae tay Soyouknowthat 2+ 2y= 12 Rearangethisequationo make ythe subject: y Now sbetite yt his expresson in A=. a Die ou on ox6-81 xpandthebracket: = 6r— a Hence A~ 6 asrequled ‘Beingabl to form expressions appears in practical problems when ying to maximise or minimise ‘quantiles such surface aes oF volume, @ roc:Coordinate geometry 1 3.1 Straight-line graphs wnat you should already know: + howto dea the graph of straghine such as {howto entiy the gradient and ynterepe ofa line sing equation and/or gaph. In this section you will tearn: how tosktch the raph of stright ie howto fnd hegre and yntercet rom the equation fe how o expres line equation in diferent ways | Revisiting GOSE {GCSE Maths you may have den trig tise grap by posting some pints onto rid This evan accurate pice of the wp (GCSE ¢ Example 1 ——————— 1 Drawiheliney~ 24 Sfor-a 0) ‘hereangl hsv 2 = 214) ating 204 7=28)*7 sotheperimete of ABCD Is} + 103+ 10 = 26 mee, — —_—— are cee "Sart ‘eum sr tne Cena Sheet eae potas ‘Sonewonmaseraefuror ‘undraticequitions run through the whole fC and C2.Ofen dey aie rom woking on more ‘Gmptex problem snd soite important hat you ste ale to atoriequieslyandaccarael- 4.2 Completing the square ‘What you should already know: + hom tous completing the quarto solve x quadratic equation suchas — +2 Inthis section you wil learn: + how touse completed square for to sow an equation has no eal sation. how of the minim or maximum valu ofa quadratic expression. ‘Revisiting GCSE 1m GCSE Maths, you may have wed completing the squire to solve a quadratic equation giving your answer insu form OSE A* Example 3 Solve the equation + 6x +7= ‘Give your answers insur form, eee ae outa ‘oucan complete the square onthe expression es bet son ar ey Separatetheconsant?: S+0r +7 owas Complete the squire ons +Or(x+3—9 +7 Crater mea? ‘Combine the consantterms: (2+ 39-2 Hence + 6x-+7=(0+3)"—2 Snequaice esersT-0 ae Socunme ocarcice cements Sais wae 2 ane Smurerootbohekec — red= 22 Sac) fombualdee x= 22-9 Tair Sotheshatonsares= (2 S0rs=—g2—3 "ream neg ey point The completed squr form fora + r+ cle )'- (B+ ewer banda constant ‘Moving on to AS Level very equation you solved in GCSE Maths had solution In AS Maths, you wil meet equations whlch Inve no fea oltions whch means the slo do ote on the el number ine. Completing the squat canbe used iden these equations.[AS Level Example 4 —————_______________ Jie) — 4+ Lehre xis any real number, {2 Find the minimum aku of his function. 1b Show that the equation te = 2¢has oral soon. une a. eee ‘So (x 2)'= 0 forall values of x bee NE ‘You need to urn the expression fi = 2x into a quadratic Soa ee “tation. = rioeans st ~4r + 10= 2 Chapa Sabri 2 from both ie eam on atc + eer Express competed square form x — 3° cleanness 0 waatet Sat rom both sides a3 Square rot both sides Ves cota The square root of 1 does nothavea el vase Sect iene othe equation fs) = 2 does not ave rel sohtons. Sinisa cane Key point For pand qconstant: + theminimam value of ~ p> isa 1+ when a> 0,the equation ~ p+ 4~ edoes nothave rel sotons | Taking it further ‘Completing the squires sod extensively in AS Maths canbe used to nd the maxim oF ‘nin pentsan a quadrate cure, andooeatehe centre of ace given sua, 4.3 Solving a quadratic equation using the formula What you should already know: + how touse the qundrte formulato sve a quadeatc equation suchas 2° 3 In this section you will learn: how toute the quad formula wih unknown cece ‘Revisiting GCSE 1 GCSE Mats the quadratic formula set soe an equsion wien itis feo complete the ‘unre: Answers usally involve sur ar re given ta cera velo accuracy. vcconnz @‘The quate equation ax + bx + ¢= Ohas solutions ceed erence] Bae ete ere GCSE A Example 5 Sole the equation 2+ 4+ 1 = 0. Give your answers 02 dvimal places Working ‘Apply the forma tothe equation 24+ 44 +1 =0,whereo oe tande= I ae == ar=aoN a 42 6 o2 decimal places, the solations are x= 0.29 and x Sine Cts non-caleultor unit solaons found sing the quadratic formula ar usually quien ‘mpi sur form. Sometimes, the formula used with unknown coefficient ther tan ube, {odetermine when el scuton ext AS Level Example 6 =i. {fit ~ a8 Ae — where ala non-aar conatant, —_ 4 Find he posible values ofafor whieh the equation x)= has ANAL oral sions urate ‘bind the solutions ofthe equation x) = when a= 3 Giveyour ces answer in su fom, simptiyng you answer astra posible. Working 4 Yunced expres fox ~ Oss. quai equation, {fa = means 4x—1 = ‘oucan apply the formula tothe equation ax — 4x1 = 0, where bo “fande™—1erenthoughadoesnothaveaspeciivalie = —_—- so ee Commoner (AP omt eterna ‘ete as oa "Coc cnite at te‘uu ned foes on heer sd he square oot symbol Since squaresootinga negative number doesnot give 8 fealanswer teequstion as" 4x1 Obasso rea rots tren Ib + 2a Subwact 6 from both sides: 4a-< 16 Dive bath sides by ect ‘Sono el solution tthe equation ft) = exists when a= ~ When a=, fe) = Omeans a8 ~~ 1=0. Tandy ine ‘ou should se the expression in para with =. sane nem ota 45 168) Sothe solutions are x= 5° ey point + dis notaveal momber itd <0. 1 Theequation at = r+ ¢~ Ohas no res slaions i? ~ 4ac <0. The number — dacs Caled the dicriminant fhe equation. “aking it further “Te quadratic formulas use eequenty to slve quadratic equations that donot easy factorise and Te Seeh Sompleing the square would be wwkwand For ample AF I1s-+2~ ‘ovals se the formula to investigate uations which ive no real solutions 4.4 Solving linear and non-linear equations simultaneously ‘What you should already know: ero o solve pi of equations where ones linear and ones nontinet, such y= x + Sand Pipes In this section you wil learn: 1 ow to solve more complicated types of simultaneous equations. Revisiting GCSE Amequatonéstnearifit onl involves a tere nx aterm ny and a Constant suchas) 2¢ 3, A non-lpear equation my iva foreampletenmins°orySo +9" ~sisan example of hovclinesroquaon. Tandy hie IMGCSE Matha yournayhave sed the method ofsubsituon to Ss ete mot sovvecsuatons simultaneous) anes ALGEBRA? a”GCSE A” Example 7 The dag show the cclex# +)? land thetiney = 2. ‘Theline and the crceintersct the polnts Aad 8. 1 Show thatthe -cordintes ofA and say dhe equation Fewea-0 1b Hencefind the coordinates of Aan & Working a Theoquaionsae: = y=2+2 seys @ You subsute helt in equation) wlth the ‘expression (x +2 fom equation (0), so 4 ich aF=10 Expand thebracket: a8 +34 45-4=10 CGmhertketems: 2 +460 Dhsdealltersby2 + 24-360 ‘Thisequaton is satsedby the coontinat of ny Imersection pot of hele andre So the x-cordinates (fA anes ths equation a euied Equation sob af4-26—3 Frere: be Dire) =0 Soeithers—1=dors'+3—0. ‘The solutoniex= lors = —2 Now substi each ofthese alts of into te ne fsqaiony = 20nd they-condiates of and Lyse+2 Wheng= 37042 asa a-aee ‘othe poins ofnersectionhaveevordnates 3) and BaD, Moving on to AS Level ALAS Mats you maybe given api osimitaneous equtons to slve wher one equations mature ofsquaed and near terms. e ALGEBRA?‘ha teva cwengle @ Solve the simultaneous equations -2y= hy 4 2°34 1= 0. Working ‘he equtlonsare +271 o peae-arti-0 @) ‘ou ned to make one ofthe eters in equation 1) the subject, Tesco make xthesubjot of equation () than. uation om Subtract 2y from bothsdes: x = 12 Nowoubsttte xin equation 2} withthe expression ~2y) y+ ML = 293013914 1=0 rxpand(d—2y) 964 20~4y 1499-30-29 + 1-0 femovethebrackes: yf +2~ 8707-34074 1=0 simpli op -4y=0 salve: ooeay-2=0 Now substtate each ofthese vals fat he eurrangement equation Cinta ond the eoeerponding aves easrangemenf (Dex =1~27 weny=0=1=27 — Wheny=§=1-27 = 1-20 Sothe solutions ar: “Toking it further Tandy hie tran same Tandy hire Peer eae erro —— Commonrror 1 teatend = 970 peered Sinan 8 —_$— “any he ‘cL questions often reqie you to salve the ype of equations shown in Example Te method Ct isis eto find where line ntesets ace whea the cies ot ented at theorgiCoordinate 5.1 Transformations of graphs What you should already know: + owthe graphs ofy= fis +a.y =f +a, y= flan andy = fs whereasa constant arrested tothe graph of) = fe In this section you wil tear: ‘+ how tokeep rack the important pots on cure a Itundergoes one or note ansormations Revisiting GCSE In. GCSE Maths you me the terms translation, stretch, eletion tndroutin 6 deere wesomationofshpessnd gaps For eee cele heseisienvecer{)emnmthaterypr se a Fue onerghdongtesaisindsveisdombepaiese, ME ‘using this vector, the point P(1,4) has image P’(3,1). ()-G29-@) Key point Youcanaplyaasomaton a gener poph wih eqution y= Heaters tannins whee Osteen andes cont Gente raphy =f he tek y= fia + aina easton y= by the ven (2) + iar oy = iby hevecr (7 1 y= aft wher > 0, nach onthe ans om Osea tora uh, where a> sastetch long the ras, om O sale factor ‘fn ivareecon fy =o) ntsc @ cconomare acomeray 2(GCSE A* Examples Diagram 1 shows the graph oy =ft.On one copy of hedligrem, set he graph of a yap b y=-fe, 4 Thegsaphoty= fx 3)lsatransaon of ‘y= fa bythe vector (2) See Graph. Aon Diagram. cn bb Thepraphoty = fie isarefection ofy =f inthe ans, See Graph. Dagar 2. Moving on to AS Level TAS Maths, you may need to keep tack of several pons on a graph asitundtgoes transformation, ‘A Level Example 2 _ SS Figure showthegaph nem oa Tegan i a ‘thadnun pot 3g) andeinimm falar the garh Zou ieee um 80 ‘equation — Sore eee ya ‘senceasns 2 ee money becom tennant ems Sa a ae ‘et ‘COORDINATE GEOMETRY 2 eWorking ‘ou canstetc the graph oy = 2 by stretching the graph coty= fn scale actor 2 along the aus tom the ong 0. ‘This means th y-coodinate ofan pointon = ix) muse bedoubled ‘Appling this tansformation tothe coordates othe pols Band Ce: gz) 2A, 4) sie 2£SCRIID Bigg) xo) Pot 25, ‘hettasfomed graphs shown on Figure 2. ou sms stat wi be pty =) ‘The aphoty~ ff) ste along thes ofthe pay st seafront gn. Thismeasto seh he equi graph the «cordate tan point ony = fi mt be dey ‘opnng thi animation te connate he pont and pes pa Sent, a eg eset = 25 40) 0,1) Este =3, 6401, ‘Te ansormed graph shown in Figures. -Toking further ‘Transformations are used houghout AS Maths For example is posible to decrbe he eetion ofaclrlowith centre atthe pont (3. asa {Munsformation ofa cle cenued atthe origin. ‘sgonomet graphs toelpdesebe the behaviour oforclladng systems,5.2 Sketching curves ‘What you should already know: "Tomsk gupnit gpm cave nihany= +34 In thie section you wil lear: haw taketch more general quadratic fanetions such y= +84 ~2 + vt appltansfrmasonsosketch arecprocl cue suchasy= = “Revisiting GCSE 1nGCSE Maths, you leant how to sketch the graph of quedratic which ad undergo simple IMansiormatio uch ra talation or astreth, GCSEA Example 3 “Te dtd raph in the gga shows the uve y= = ‘Ona copy athe diagram, sketch the graphy = («~ 9. Working The pape y= Bsa tnaation oy = bythe Soy shit ee dated graph 3 unto te ight. Gey riarene nae me) Chekpane yer ae ot In AS Maths you willbe asked to seth the graph ofa genera es {fudratic One way of doing hs so express the quatati in pleted square form, AS Level Example 4 2 Express #4 9intheform (r+ p+ q.wherepand gare 1b Hence, otherwise serch he grapofy= 8+ 4+ 9, ‘Wate down the equation ofthe ine of sjnmeary fis curve, Working fe Express (4+ 95m completed square fon: Fiuigerta +8 wirea—4 29 Sox ban o=cet 2F+5 ‘COORDINATE GEOMETRY 21 Byparca. the raph you nee sketch the same: the graph ofy = +27 +8. Toschi raph you fin et te apo = byte wer) Sothe sketch ofthe graph y= +4 +918 © Thegaphy~ # + 4x + otssymmetil nthe vertical line ‘hough the point P25) ‘Thislin of symmetry has equation “ancy tne Cem oeer2 pete ‘ema woneoee Soomro Feo -29 mune ora naoatnccbe “andy tne secant stn ma ‘ro nmin nn eetKey point Thepapholy™ (c++ hor pand garcons, eee Isa ranaationofy=3by the veer ( eee cee Om ‘The oordinates ofthe imum point or ern ofthis ea curve rea. Eo Thelne of symmetry ofthis curve has equation = ~p. tn aS Maths yuumay also have to del with graph tat hasan ‘ympote Anymore wich the paph approaches but ther tshes ar becomes very an na peor nega For example, the amptotes the curvy = Larethex-axsand he [pani aehown Pure oY smnse “The table of values explains why he gaph of Lias tis shape 3 2 2 4__| ‘Handy hint =1 [Fees [from] foes] sapureemcs i As ncreases the ve ofr deere, and approaches rr. Sothe a ican asymptote to is curve AS Level Example 5 Sich the graph ofy~ 23, sang the equations ofthe symone ofthis uve Working 1 oustart by stretcingthe gaph ofy= Lstong the bpyseae factor 2 fom the rg Youca visualise his {artormatlon by appingse sec some pan on tho graphoty= 2 For example, TERI, 2) oy sortie 2 Figure sows the dot raph and te gapoty—2 ae Since ccoonomareacomerny2 @)ext yousppthe rane etr( ©) othe pap ofy=2 ‘Thismeansthe graph ot y= Zand te agymptotes must be shite 3. units down the as se Fagure’. ‘Theorontal asymptote tothe gph afy=2—sisthelne y= 3 ‘The vertical asymptote this graphs the line x~ 0 hat the a. (itentretatmisisutedsemaen a apply the srt stad then the anslaton. ‘spy ber aes Taking it further ‘ouwllbeepeied sete tbe gah of ener oad aden ts males (eg the coordinates ots vertex. Ransformatons eae way of achieving this Ya ff se need 1 ‘undersand the sigilicaneofsymprotes wen you sd fnctlon in more depth in un. 5.3 Intersection points of graphs What you should already know: + ow on approximately where alin anda curve intersect by drwng their waphs, + tom estimate the solution oan equation by drawing suitable graphs In this section you wil learn: + how touse algebra ond the eae coordinates whereas curve intersect + how ous alba to solve geomenical problems invovinglines and curves “Revisiting GCSE |n.GCse Matis you may have ound an pprexinatesluion oan equation by sige ‘aphical memoGOSE A” Example 6 The diagram shows the curve y=" — 4x + Sand the Tine) =f =a Thiscurynan in inersett the points Pand Anapptoxmate soluon ofthe equation {2 Expl ow you ean ind this rom the diagram. 1 Usethediagram fd approximate soktons of the equations at Working {Yuen see that the solutions ofthe equation erga saeghvenby the coordinates ‘ofthe points Pand Q From the dagram, the coordinate of point Ps pproximatetyOtandsothirvaluemustbean"* spprnimatesoltionoltheequations" r+ 5=4—x. ‘ou ned to rerrange the equation 3°—ar-+ 54x Dquadontorwarrange: 848+ S~A—e ‘dt both sides: Foaess—4 Subtract fom both sides: 320-41 =0 Since 34+ 1 Gis just aronrangement of r+ 5~4~ the solu of theequation ar |= Daregvenby the coordinates of pln Pand ‘ouean wea these slain fram the diagram. The equation = x+1= hss Sppronmatesoions x= 4 sndY= 26 Key point ‘Thes-coodinates of wher ane and curve ineset correspond to the soluiens othe equation Found by puting te curve and in expressions equa teach other, Moving on to AS Level IAS Maths youre usualy shed for nat vals where two graphs intersect. Thi could avolve a weit ad orm, Yu tay lo be asked to ss intersesion puss to solves geometia problem. Inte diagram, the curve as equation y= = — x » andthe Tne tias equation =< Thine and curve inersect at Points Aad as thown Ponts Cand Don the xxiare hah tat the fae AC and BD ze vertical {Find the coordinates ofthe pola where this curve intersects thea Find the coordinates of point and point Sow that he are of he trapezium ABDC 832.5 squareWorking 4 You ca lew the ani astheline with equation ‘The equtionsare 4)=0 o yor- 6792) ‘ou nse the method of sbsttition, and replcehey em {equation (21 th the value ftom equation (0 ‘Checpoint uation tosaie: «*~ 6+ 9 =0 ost at ec i : tesowemnyn (= te actos: ato Sourecanas a save: oa ‘othe curve intersects thea atthe sing pont 3.0). “Cheep Youspply the substitution method tothe curve and ine ‘Aaah spol he susan metodo te r ‘seen manna esuations ‘eradicate uation eso F698 =x43, Gather tems tooneside: Tr 6 ca OC Salvebytacorsing: x18 tate Ser-1=0ors=8-0 Seieneceem Thesolutions arex = Vand ~ 6 pecernerer) aoa cu ‘umaniceuet os ‘These solutions conespond tothe coordinates of Aand 8 Sothe -cordinte of Als andthe s-oondinat of Bi Subsite each x valent the ine equation y= x + 310 Adithe coordinates of and “any ne Whenz=Ly=s+3° 9 Whinx=6 yea rey +3 4 = ‘So has coordinates (4) and Bas coordinates 69 Use the oontinatesof and At find the dimensions ofthe trapezium, andi tenn es tee veo wapeztum anc = Ya + aah eee ane Jour 65+ 525 square unis, e ‘COORDINATE GEOMETRY 2ey point a a renege tanita ae ww, Uther se no eal elon toh equation thn ene “Taking it further ‘oul nec to understand the ignicane of intersection pont of line and curve when yo sy ‘es ly unit or unl C2 Ak, ntrton, you need sete coordinates of terse pots tohelp eau areas ofregion. 5.4 Three circle theorems What you should already know: + howto apy various ce theorems to solve geometrical problems. In this section you wil learn: + ow tous the theorems to sove more complex problems Fevisting GCSE In GCSE Maths, you woul ave met many diferent cele theorem Most questions requ yout0 find anges or eng GCSE A* Example 8 "The diagram shows two cles which ouch each other enteral. "Thesmaller creas centre A and aan 2m ‘The nger ices entre Bandradivs Sem, Theline Pisa tangent to bot es ‘4 Exphinwhy AP and Bare parallel 1 Given hat AQ= Gem nd the area of twang ABQ {iveyour answer to decimal place. 1 Youned oui circle theorem which involves tangents. Arad makes aeghtangle with atangent. SothelineAPis perpendicalr othe tangent PO. Silay the ine is perpendicular he angent PO. ence AP and ate perpenicaar to common ine sd a0 ae pall to each other You can use the frm Area ~ tase hight, wer the bse BQ ane ABQ has length 4m Utheradus ofthevarer cil). The eight of angle ABQis equal tothe distance FQ. coonomare ocomerry2 @)“Tange APO rght-angled so you can use Pythagoras’ ‘theorem finde length PO, where AQ Bem as ven) finda 2m (dis of sna ung PytagasAg'= POA Renan: PO'= A A en Hence gh P= 32cm. Soara~ Jus ght a peac ge 131. -em* Hence the area of rangle ABQ 13cm 101 decimal lake “Moving on to AS Level nS Maths you only net to now thee circ theorems You may need to use hem to find he centre crradisof cic, ‘Koy point 1 Theangle in asemi-clete sa right ange 2 Theperpendcala fiom the conte 1a chondbisecs thechord 3 Thetangenttoa cele perpendicular the radius attspomnafeontet AS Level Example 9 “The dagram shows a crl with ante Cp). where p> 0. “The cite pases though he pots 0.2) and 08). Explain why 1b Giventhatangle ACB = 9, nthe value ofp, @ coonomare ceomerny 22 Sou ned to recognise hat Biss chord ofthe il and weak heiren 2 ‘sale “The mid-point ofA and 10.8) sth pln (0 ‘gto seme “Theoriontalliney 9. whlch passes through the centre C paeheae Tact the versal chord AB. Hence the line y= q passes through the dps 04 ofA Soq= 4, asrequie 1b Since the lines Cand BCare perpendicular, youcan we the est Gd, Grad = 1 021, ip 4) Gra | Grad, > Grd | Mulpy the factions: Mulipiyboth sidesby p> == —P eS poe Tandy he ‘eh atin Sop=2tasp>0) Pocono | “Taking it turthor | ‘You will need to use these circle theorems in onder to solve a variety of geometrical preblems, for | reample finding tne equation ofa tangent to ace coonomarectouerns @6G drigonometry and triangles i mS 6.1 Trigonometry and triangles What you should already know: + How to use the sine and cosine rules to find angles and lengths of sides of tangle. In this section you will tearn: ‘+ howto apply these ules to solve more complex problens, Revisiting GCSE | GCSE Maths you eae howto use trigonometic als sually called SO tangles You aso met the sine and cosine ues which an be apple ht angled anges) Key point ABCs any angle where A= ae be BC= wand Ais Aheanglest vertex ete sine ue - By nverting exe ction. the sine rca be writen as conneruee= +e 2bec0sA ‘which can be rearranged to pvecos = B= @ *weonomerny ano TanacesExample els you which rule to apply. 2 Yond apes oan A Tandy hi an ae Tandy Ri —— sine rae: Bee = a eeear eee athe = mtr Mupybaaldes ysinass AD=(g55) «sins TEommorerge assis. soon (HOE) mae : So AD~ 8.142 @ cia places oat | by Youean use the result thatthe sum ofangles ina {range equals 180% Ange ADC~ 100" 25+ 357 = 0 6r —— = 10 Tandy hie ence angle ADB = 160" 120 erases | © Yuuneed to appy the cosine lo wiange ABD. | nine rule. AB-= 1174-818 ~(200)@14e05 so AB sr7186 ence = 9.89 er (2 decimal places mgonomerny ANOTrMNLss @)|S oaths you are aero which ule ne or cose) tus, and questions olen nvave problems setina el world siaton. ‘AS Level Example 2 “The diagram show the plano args recreation pak The park ABCs te Shape afs sector ofa cele with ‘conte Cand ra ‘Telength of he path ABs (3 km, Find the sien of ange ACB Anathete run along the perimeter of this park statingund fishing, 1b Find inlometresto 1 decal pace, the distance the athlete Working You need o use the cosine ate on rangle ABC, cosine rule: = +1 2ab cos. Rearrange 10 make cos Cth subject, ‘dd 2b cos Cto bth sides: 2abeos += a+ Be Suburactefrombothsdes: —2abcos = a+ Gc iene Handyhint Deb teemu bean 2 tarp bec Divide bh sides by 2a Sisiteina=1.b=1.e= 3 eos Eiht sips ‘Sake ‘nse tn age a ge ec Sohe by exe ED Hence ange ACB = 2 ‘heer has ais 1 km so the ckcumference ofthe cle keoest-2rkn, Sortetengnof tara = (J) x 28 =2000-km (ts anever ve thee buton ona caer) Hence the printer ofthe park = 208409 1+ 1 none cele te athlete rans 4.1 kan (dein plac), ‘Key point Inger ypu ao heel ang ross andthe ange wee the te ‘cosine ule. Otherwise ute he sine ae | Taking itfurther ‘oul eed 1 ate the sine and cosine rules to answer dierent rypes of geometrical problems. You wll beexpected o know when touse each le ‘TRIGONOMETRY AND TRIANGLES6.2 The area of any triangle ‘What you should already know: eo oid the re of ey wang xing two sides andthe angle between them, In this section you wil learn: two apply the are formula oa mre complex problem. Revisiting GCSE In-GCSE Maths, you used the formula Ara ~ bas eight od the are of ght angled inne oumay dao have met the more gener formula whieh nds theareaofany tangle Key point ‘ABC samy ingle. A Tandy hint (eam pied Arwa= babs were Cte ange vertex ‘Tre azc fa angle can be found fyouknow the angle between wo known sides. GCSE A Example 3 {ABCisa tingle, AB= 4m, AC= 7 em and angle a Calculate the area oft trange Give your answer 02 significant Fires. You ned to select the apropriat formule The geensidese= mand b=7 cmencos the gven ange A soyoruse there Ar = esin A Sabet inthe values. pate=sand A= 730 Area =}besind = }onsin7e so te ar flange ABC. em? (03 signin ge. Moving on to AS Level tn AS Maths, questons involving areas flanges ae usualy nore invoved and may requlre yuo fit finds eng an ange. siconomerry anoTRiANaLES @)AS Level Example 4 ‘The dagam shows amet plate in which angle ABChas ‘been welded tito sem-cealrsecton, The sel has ameter: A= 12cm, AC 12cm and angle CBA = 40. 4 Show thatthe aus rofthesemi-cise 29.2 em, tothe earest millet 1b ind, ncm!to 1 decimal place the are oft pl Working You needto se that angle ABC ones, AC= Also angle ACH = angle CRA = 4 ence angle CAB = 180°~ 40" +407 100" Now we thesine ral to find side C=. 2 2 ‘wo sina #4 ~ (spy age) * sin 100" = 1930s. Hence reac =foeaes.0 suse Sor= 92cm (1 decinal place as requ sac TheareotuiagleAscis }ocsin4—Laai2 i000 = ~ al) ear a eae “Commoner 195" (decimal plac. lace) paemernatar 3 Now isch he graphy =sinxfrO' 15. Inequality tosole: Sn —7> 158 —— Add to both sides a> 162 STE ae Divdebot sides by: m= 324 evarmkanied So chefist erm which pear than 155 isthe SSedtenm, RP Hb Des Smaetenionc 1S Maths you may need a deseribe a el-world situation using pees ‘rime gues inthe cy of Metropolis were recorded ench mom he figures formed an aetiunede sequence wih common tierence injanary ofa pacar yar the crime figure was 1575.1n March ‘ofthe same year the gue was 198, 1 Findthevale of 1 Gaeulate the rte figure for November of the same yea Working a Youshould use sequence notation {et = numberof reported crimesin the th month, her nary meaner = 1, February means 2. ‘Te gues form an artnet sequence with est arm a 157Sand common diferenced So y=2+(- bd 1575 + r= be SEQUENCES AND SUMMATIONS onTrefguvorMarh desman so —— ye MBS where = 1573 (Ih “Common evar Eaton 1595-24 = 1498 dant toro ae Sibiach 7S tmbomslder 2d = 90 isan eres: Divide bo side by 2: dns Thee mage Sod=—45 ‘ms hess ion ‘ou canuse the value of to find an expression fru, so uarin~ nid “andy hn =1575 + = nI-45) “Sete cere Novembersthelthmonthothe year yout ind aaa theca, Substitute» 11 othe sequence frm Sant = 1575 N45) ‘ona ast me Se wpstsrs + at nea) ‘name 12 ‘othe rime figure for November ofthat ya 1125, “Taking it further ‘ou wl mee diferent ypes of sequences in AS Maths eg geomet). You wl need tobe confident in ‘using the various formulae or sequences and applying them to salve practi problems 7.2 Recurrence relations and sigma notation What you should already know: + how wo work wih ated sequences nd he notation In this section you wil learn: + how workout one enn of sequence sing previous tems + how to use sigma notation simply sums. a Theavkhmetiesequence 10, 4,1. has mem formula dns 2, ebm wSkt7 This sequence an ab be described in word ang with, you sid to one erm to work othe nex er “ou can see this produces the same sequence 510,14, 18. sare 6 orto we Woe, ‘oucan expres thse words using the notation wher means the mh ermof the sequence Words Sequence notation or ang wi m=8 ‘actin en kl Fouadd4o onstemiawoikaut Ju, +4, oS nea en al at a The ormila r=, ale ecurence ladon ora seat fora) @ eaves sno somoneKey point Arecurrencerltionisformulafor working, gen ener termsinthesequence(such asi) ‘Asari valoe seeded in der to woek out the values ofthe sequence. ecurece lations enable you to deserve complicated sequences ina simple way. AS Level Example 4 Avequenceledefined by: 4 =3 math Tandy hint Find the vale of ont em Find the sum ofthe irst for terms ofthis sequence a Wiring ince Tandy ae tiicradQeformiau,=2,+ 10 Soma. Matmet amt fa Seooa ‘ieee, = 4, ¢ ken = : neem 201 Yoneda hand ine a en Siespeert carers Tana spine mee, 24, + Yohenn = 2 Samed apt ormaa = 24,+1en owe th 550-209) + an Scena ate toutes ue oe tou on ponte dene te source, 183, ngage expen eC yonme ed wt amin 6% Sere ener compat sing trans mba So forenample uy, +, m+ canbe writen a mae ‘ou interpret Su, as meaning eae + ntake each of the aes, 2.3. and inn {+ foreachalus of youvwste down the term a, {ad tgeterthe terms you have writen down, seovences ano sunmarions @)ae ee nn a ia—eeeeea-ee ff wosins Ter eta, =21+Lan ni : a soe s+ o7 + 8 Tanda Sans ahd tne Key point Af isthe nth term of any sequence then 3, isthe sum lth fit Viersfthisseence. Tandy hse Suen tea tnt tile | Taking further ‘ou wl se ecurrence relations asa way of deserbing sequences where itis ilo inthe Inter fotmul, One ofthe most famous ezarples the Pbonacc sequence 1,23,5,B @ eeovece8 49 somesIntroducing differentiation 8.1 Estimating the gradient of a curve Winat you should already know: bona ind the gradient of ln passing zou wo points Pts) and Qs) In this section you wil earn: 1+ howto deine the gradient ofa eurve at ny point. Revisiting GCSE Tandy hon er Tt 2 te yen y sve canine rroouena pirrexexraTion @)InAs Maths you need o know how 1 nthe {fdient ofa carve. oeassittenot straight ine, {he gadlent of curve wll not bethe sane tll you imagine walking up il you wild some arts f your climb easier than others because the ‘ils steeper in some paces than others ‘monde to understand precisely what meant y the gradient ‘facve et ny pola conte soorsng it eth pont ULI) i Ayo continuously 200m in on point the curve begin to ook ‘more and more ikea sag ine. Thisline sealed the tangent 0 thecuve athe pont. Key point ‘Tmetangenttoacurveat Handy hr polo Pis thesia ine Agee Pat ee ‘hich he curse resembles Pease a. {you 00m non P Seocteere sete ‘Thegradentof he cure arp bthe gradient oft Tangent [AS Level Example 1 ‘The diagram shows the curvey = which passes ‘tvough the plats U1), 420 and where tbe “coordinate of is 15. ind the gradient of eine Stat with reason, which of these wo gradients fre the beter estimate forthe radio this uve at poineP @ wroovena o1eFeReanionWorking a1 Youusetheformule Pu.A0) 90 ‘So, using P(,1),B(152.25), Grad, ~ 5} bb Thebetter stints forthe gradient ofthe curve a polnt Pls Grady ~ 25, Thisisbecause point Bis closer to Pdhan point A Key point The tangent oa curve point Pls approximated by the ine a. whee Qisa pot onthe carve which sels. ‘he closer QisteP the ter the approximation. The gradient ofthe curve a Ps approximately Gra, Taking further During your AS course you wil lam hw to find the erat rain fa curve at any pint One way boing hs shown in 2, 8.2 Differentiation ‘What you should already know: evr to approximate the gradient of curve ata point Pby sealing Grad, where Q isa point fonthe cue whlch scone to? In this section you will learn: how on the exe gradient ofa curve at any poi. ‘ou str in Seton. thatthe gradient ofthe curve st point Ps approximately eal to Gra, whee iss pa on te carve se oP | The closer isto? the beter the approximation. The able onthe neat page shows the gradient of PQ where Qs polnton the curve y= x which “proaches the Bed plat PD. Fixed point 0)reoordinate of @ | coordinate of Q Tor Tor oo To0T = 1o0e0o1 Youcansethat an Qaproaces a apace teva? 7 ttn mathemati as QP. ridyg>2 ee ‘issgpens tare enact patentee) =satepane —‘etmr es moe none be se at hist pate. youn cone dre quer panonthecre er than . Seldon Medan. te ot ta any pit on he cuvey = ; sch incon pol Eugene oP ony ‘wmess donde Ung condats ofthe pla. and as Cg =H Freorsetbemameatoe == Cancel hovers ig ts =9 +1 ‘ASQ Pues Fd the Ccomerthesemicd numbers inttop-tey | yore fhe pl iscavewhee clan : =e oe a @ Me fom for converting the empertre a0) ee eo ‘Simplify hes. Give each answer as top ae 20 fan ni can PM 4 Whatisi8 Cin deerme 1b The minimum overnight temperature insvillage was=7.5°C What was ls temperate in degeesFaheneit? “Tne orl for conversing he dance K Byconverting mined numbers otop-beaty lometes into te distance Mies. thcons nd heave hae Ge ech - answer asa fraction nits simples oem. Me 4 How rinses ete dtc nt a bow fark the dance} mest PracTiCe NUMBERS AND moces @)to save thew equations Gieeachanswerssa_ | 8 fxpress these factions inthe forma + Fron in steumpes form, ‘eaand arene ahe-2 B=} an e itr ashe 2 aes 11 Asmanncangur gicotemn sient | simpy est ‘EinevesandwidthwneteaThetwabas | ° Scaelty ve acon sella #40 (UES an 21-6 1 show that Se isanineper statngis value. Fi 8 GiventhatD~ b— dae 1 Stow thatwe= § 1 find the value of D when ‘Fin the perimeterof the lawn in mete, Cine yu anner esa mined number ba=2b-4 asada acre 1.2 Surds Civ each ner impliie su form. ae © taplainwty sD donate ava anges | bax 10 ‘9 express thes in spied sur form, ay aegr ee oki eae im a0 +6 ‘2 Express these in simplified su fom. erp Beas 10 apehangy-ned cage A 6 28407 2: bysimpthingeach sr ind he wae wa PY ae . ET a 4 Simplify hes expressions, Find he aeaof ti ingle. eee Shun that a = 58 bara) € Hence find the ext perimeter ofthis Coe tre ve your answer In he form © (2+3722-1) seta nhc bse forester eer sr © 6-28)8438) e (atop @ rence wmacns avo morces1a Find he greatest ofthese numbers. You may ne seaalstr you wish bb Show tathese three numbers are sides of [ight angled ange «Find the ara ofthis angle ving your tutowerin to form a+b where aan D treintegers to bested 12 Posh anged tangle PQ~5 +5 a Tspand and then imply (t + 8). b Show tat Qe = 24 +88 © Using your answer to part, ind the exact length OF 4 Stow thatthe area and perimeter ofthis tangle are numerealy qua. 1.3 Indices 1 xpress each ofthese inthe form 2 where ape vey ce aoxer 2 Express these a acsions in thet simples ae be es ane 3 Brauntethese aber ‘alate thse Whese appr ie were fractions in ther simplest for, gst host By writing 16 8 power a2, or xherwise, soive the ation 10" = 52 Salve these equations sen be [Express these tems intheform a where ais ‘realnumber, = Determine whether each efhas statements ninco false Use role finde to prove those which you thinkate oe, Frthose "Seement that you thik ease, ge an | trample toshow that tis noo 2 ax a'= ae" foralsumbers@and pose integers n berxir=abr fordlumberseand snd pose ters 0 aa at forall sumbersaand sie integers mae @eexae=1— forallon-zero numbers fund one nega eae. forall sunbers aad Poste integers PracTice:wumpens Axo mnpices @)1 aluae these expression using the given tale of, ive answers astop-heary {scons where appropriate a adwhens = btastwhene=9 ce fhe tsetwhen 6 a tart ort whem oats statens=t tarts oath B 10 Bape 3222 nthe fom a+ here band narecomta. by tapes 2588 Ln metorma tbr “er wher, and eae constants @ rrcnce: womsens avo mosces xpress theses sums of powers. 2 es bis= 1 atta Ace Chat equsony = SE23E* 3. whee fa pessyinthefoma + br + ex nero, and ears constants. 1 plan why, increases, the vale ofy spproaches « tsthee a plat ontis eure with ovondinatePractice: Algebra 1 2.1 Basic algebra 1 span and then mpi these eessios 2.21043) 3-1) b 30+2)~ 405-9) © Mia+2h)+ 20040) 4 ata b)~ a 30) 2 Factorial these exprssons, aasytay Bb imey sey ce anya Gre d 120y +683" —O97 23 Expand these expressions. uly factrise answers wheee appropriate 2 220 b sab +e © Gata: 4 Roarange these equations o make the ‘aval shown in square brackets he sobee api bacdos-y im ererear-n in 4 2C-m-s0+20) 1D) cuswer om fueja om 5: Toyolume Vorssphere with sri 1 Re.aeange ths formula to make the subject. Find he radius of sphere with volume 6 Thediagram shows asqure PORS of ide Teng 2remA quarter ict, centre Pand rads em, inseribeinide the square 1 Show thatthe aes othe shad shape is fren the format= 4 me bb Make xthe subject of his formal € Show hatte perimeter the shaded Spetngwen bythe ermsion | ares. 1 Thedagam shows ig agen dncuiow Bon Icom ta toon a ite tanAsow tat m= FE b ndanexpressonformin tert 2 Reurange hwo mathe sire ayn tet by-as—oF practice a.ceonas @)9 p= 2058 Soe these equations. a Showthat?= 243 aang 2047 babs t=3—4e by tence orothervise make Qinesubeerot | © SE>7~ 842 te formula? = 2053, he formula P= Solve dhese equatons inte holnerinditedtnsquaebmelats | 47-10 BES Aheubjeet af these formule aaeBge ol ve expen thee a neat equations, ind booBgt thevaue of cee om pipes halts Make thetnerindenedinsquambnces | 3427 (he subject ofthese formule. 2 For the equation + By = 24 find the value of wheny=0 bb find thevatueofywhenx=2, Forth equation Sr~ 2y= where kita Spit hese ations Shaan es known thaly=3 when 6 .Ee pata Show that = 24 Mee ae ' Hence fnd the vl cx wheny = 8 eet eee ‘Sate vale of ach constant ascry-R be-yW8 RELAESSS Inthefornas + Re +6 aesgynis e+ 2y Beeman aban | ¢ ax-6y=13 AGES nthe form As — Br for ace tats Aand ERAL neirmats artes | © Dedlpanshow Foveonstantsa, Band A 2EEE — inforthetormar tor Seanad SPaimenibo se 1 find an expression fr the perimeter ofthe 2.2 Solving linear equations | suns ranowcatarse possible , ‘he peimeter ots rectangle 3 en asarg=a borkb-g-n b Findshe vale 1 Solve these equations e sar—29 025 @ BG Ma7 «Hence find she area of his eta @ rmcrce avcsonas9 heshapein the diagram Shows arectngle ABCD Stpyoingnaemicice, “> Undthesemi-cteehas fade. The cente of the semt-cle the midpoint Bc ! , 4 Show thatthe perimeter Pofthe shape it Buen bythe formals P= (x 8x2 'b Given thatthe perimeter ofthe shop's SiSem, ue acaleulator wind he ares tft shape Give our answer to ‘iin gues 10 By mulling each of hese equations by ‘table umber, or herve, Bnd the vale toni atilefee piel setas 2.3 Linear inequalities 1 Soe these nequal ageeze1 | bae-2>-14 e3-ts dSx-3=0 2 ane solving the inequality 4 -3 Heiser working which contains an ero. pate ees a tsi sipe 929 Use the value of ~ Dt show that anes ‘olution Isincomert ‘What ord Jane ket « Give coret soliton to ths nequal 3 Solve these nua fe Sd-a9 =11- ae fs MER ey 5 Solvethe equality It 38-4718 'b Hence write down al he teger values of {Peis 2327 8 {6 Where possible, solve thes inequalities. aseautno fe 6e-5=20 @ rwonce neon rretngle BCD, 8 = (where AD = 2+ Sand €D= 3. Find nfactorsed fora an expression for 1 the perimeter ofthe shape 1 tbe azeoftheshoge, “The area ofthe removedsquareis 9m bb Find de area of tbe shape. ‘Te dagram shows twosinses with ‘Teens ofthe alle ees ‘Tem The shores {esp beeen he fwocinies Sem, 1 Fndaneapresson forthe circumference of ‘elngerce Lene in your answer, 1b Show ha the area ofthe shaded region is brent deforms rea = 32+ 3)Tepe | * Lec — possible, ‘eu Sof te cuboidis ipeen by the forma Su that he perimeter ofthe sector ‘epson by he ora «reste neath hae n tbe ‘Give our anawerinieowest ere dancin ems of forte The volume ofthis cub i 8 x ‘shaded inthe dagam, Factors your 4 Find the surface are of this cuboid Sawer ar as pon, 1 podia 8 Froma rectangle four apes of side length Thedagam 4 7 Feancten cache Bows sectange gram I shows the eto ‘AaCD. supe AB=2+9 2 Fndanexpesionforthepesiner Por | [* this rectangle ‘The ara ofthis rectangle sequal tthe rea basque wth side length. Use this information to show that «= by, uingthe exact valve off Anaresoflandis 4 Findan expression n zm ofxforthe fence of wing area this net tata nthe “Theses of his net are ded ashe corners gram dhe wits toformatray see Diag? ‘ges AB BCand CD. The side AD represents Ai. Z thewall where ABCD rs ecangle eae ‘The ttl ength of barbed wire used is 24 0 Expres this nformaton ae an equation Show tht he vime Vsti given invoing andy Upeformla =a 90, by Hencesho ha the area this enclosure enero are are otiseaosue | rye sutae a otis ty Findthevalue of «© Find the enclosed ares inthe case when ‘ABCD s ssguae 4 Hence cle he vce of hs ty. practice a.ceonas @)‘9 The diagram shows cuboid with base 11 The rectangle ABCD shown Diagram 1s dimensions xeanby yer. The cuboidhas ‘ado thatthe sige tects the side CD felt tem. {omake the hallow ener with eight cm snd airshow in Diag 2. ‘A= 4emand 80 Lem. aN ? | roman eerie 7 Secale cree eeeceee rents “Te diagram shows ylnde with ais 4 Use Dingra 11 ind an expression sd eight ntermsof forthe sulace area he finde, b explanwtye= Ze «enc show thatthe ase Vos ‘inde ives by he formule Acrulrldanda bas cach radius rare ‘eed the ender i Diagram 2 4 Show thatthe surface sea Sof his sed ‘iinderis fen by te formal s=fibe + «ite down he volume Vof hs yinderin termed Injen thatthe volume of hiseytindr is 1 Use this information oexpressrin terme of Spi your answers far 3s pose. A seight metal zo, whieh is the longs that ‘abe placed inthe epider, has eng Shon that = APractice: Coordinate geometry 1 3.1. Straight-line graphs © CedePine tn beeen, 2,0) 1 Find he gradient andthe nerept cot and Schott ies an ayssee byez-ae yet ay--tora etch on separate diagrams the nes with these equations Label the pins where the line roses ach is wth het ‘coordinates Mach cach ine with ts equation hy making the subject af each equation, nd Te gaian mand eyswcepcottse | 7 Deemine whicofhscequton debe ‘et ther raph on sparate grams. ay-arti=o bay-3e=2 8 208-9=1 | eter abt bower a Sheich, on he same diagram the ine poor Landihelingdy~G2'F1=0 bb Find the distance beowon theyIntercepts ofthese graphs 4 Stetch onthe same dg, dele pe eee ed yoaerd=andihelinesy=2=6, 7 by Find te distance beeen thexinteepts | @ Thelin has the same gadlent ss theline ofthese graphs ayeaeeano 4 Find the gradient of 5 Express equation ofthese linen the foray rbrsenowherea bandeae Given hath ine Lathe sane nec igen Sihelne yar 2-0, ee b tnd pntecept ot | Find ine equation of gingyouranser eye inte fomay = bec Owhere and pracnice.coonpmarescomern 1 @){9 ThelineLhasequation ay + r= 10, where a And bare constants “The ine crosses the yas at the point (5) tn eros the te pol (~20 Using thisnformation or otherwise, nd thevale of andthe value of The pint Pies on ising Find the alu of 3.2. The equation of a line 1 Findhe gradient of thins whieh pas rou hese pons, ‘Aga and 6,10) 3) and 86.7) ACS) and 37) 4 ACA and 8-65) 22 Theskatch shown tein which pases through the pints (0.3) and 122) Thine sees the ania point 4 Find the gradient of. 'b Find he equation of. Give youranswerin theformay' br ewherea band care Integers «Find te coordinates of point 8 Find he equations of these tines. ‘8 Thellne wih radian whieh pases ‘trough he pnt A2.3. by Thehriontl ine which pases hough he potnt C57. ¢Tetne with gent wie poses hog he pin 2. Give our ane fortis the form yt br=ewherea, band caring @ rmence: coonomare ceomerny + Find the equations oft tines passing "ough these points ttc ech ine bnaseparate diagram. = Aig,-and 35.18) 5) and mt) © AC 8.-aand 8108 (ha) and 903.121, ‘ine passes trough the pols AUS) and ‘Boy where pe aeonstantclven hat the sgaienof this ine 4 ind he value ofp. Aline passthrough the pois Ag) find ff here ies constant Cisen. ihatthe padent of istine #7, And the valueotg Aline passes throug the polns E+ 0) 0.0, where rsa const. ‘Given ha the adie of histine findthevalve of ‘telne L passes though the poins Presa) and Qu) Tlie cose the ‘pani pnt Aan be ‘Passat point — andy hin 8 Findanequation ‘orl, Saentwie bite down the coodinates 04 Find the coordinates of 5 4 Find the aren of tangle AB Where O15 theo Aline passes through the Points 99,-2) and M1.—19. Jaleline cose the yan at point andthe st plat 1 Find the coordinates of And the ‘coordinates of 1b Siow hate stance AB = 3 Alin as equation y= me where mi Constant he plat AU-5. fen on eis ie 1 Find dhe value of bb Determine whether or not the point DBC 10) eso tine1 ThelineLhas equation2y— 48-4 Owhere | 2 Forthe points (3.2) and, where pand Klexconstant ‘gareconaa The poll) neson iu an expres fre noone of | 1 Show that é= 9 hemi point ot AB. soe Geeta ipa cons «Find the area ofthe triangle formed by tis | find he valu ofpandthe valu og Tine and he ow coordinate aes 2 ind interme ofthe constant the 10 ThetineLpassesthrough the points ALat) | enordinateso te id point of A tnd Qi where kisaconstan > Simpliyeach answer srs posible 4 Siow thatthe gradient of Ls 4 ace, 28) b Find he equation of gvingyouranswer | A(-2k5), 02K) | ineims of © Agk2-, DIESE) Point is where Lerosses the sis © Showthatthecooninatesof Rare (+ LO. | 4 The mid-polntof ABs tke point 12.1¢A Ts coordinates (1-2) fd the cordnates 4 Find the valor of Esch hat 20 = OR ir 11 Theline 7, pases a(-3.-niand (1 ough the pins 5 Ponts 4. and arsuch thatthe mi point ot isthe poin C37 4 Siow thattheequitionaficanbewriten | a Findthecoontinaesst andl, es | 6 Points Alp) and 0 04 a), where p and are 3.3 Mid-points and distances ‘coordinates A(13}, B(—2,7), Cpa and bape DDeL 1b Using this informatin, or otherwise, find | 4 a8) 08. practice: coonomaTeccomeTay 1 @®){6 ind he dstance AB for thee points ive towers in spied su form where spools. Act) 62) b a2,-2).86.2) © ACAD, BI-58) a 49088) Given the points A, 8(,~1) and 2.7, prove tht the lang ABCs soe ut ot eur, Acklehas diameter AB, wher A(4—1 and ba. «Find the coontinats of the cent of his ‘ire by show habe rds of hs irl 3 units rhe pint 2,2 ithe cen of acre: The pin a7) ieson ise Shovethattheradisofthlscreis 8s ‘find the coordinates ofthe point such that Abies ameter of hs ie ‘Te diagram shows the pln A103), 28.9) snd 038, 1 Find the distances AP, BCand AC. Ge ach aoe in sud fem. 1 Verify that abt + Be = AC. — © Whatinformaton about Thethange ABC doce the Hany nt ee @ rrrcnce: coonomure asowermr+ 18 ‘The pints Ap.) and BC, where ps8 poste constant, aresuch hat the distance An=p. 4 Show harp 1 Find the coordinates af the mip © ota «Find he circumference othe cic whieh pm cent Cand pass trough point. [eave in your answer, 3.4 Parallel and perpendicular lines 1 wt down the rain f any ine whlch s para tothe ney =5~ 8 ' perpendicuartathelne y= 4 1 2 Find the raent fay ie whichis ‘paral tbeline2y= 5x8 b pernendinlarotheliney +4 18. y finding hee gradients show that these pri fines ae paral ayeded baynae=T yraeea-0 dba fe atay-3=0 aytesino 4 soca gaanpacionan eaeeee 5 ThelineLhasequationy=2— 4x ‘Find the equton the ine which patel o and wtih passes trough the point by Find uation then which perpendcuar to Land wh asthe sae ‘Pimercept as© ThelineLhas equation 4y~ 1 Find th racion of bb Find the equation othe line whic is ‘erpeniule to Lan wich passes rough the poinc at, -8) (Give youranswer inthe fom ay+ bx = forintegersa band. 7 Theline Lhasequtiony~ a +1=0, ‘The pins AC) nd 8-1, where Esa bb Find the equatlon ofthe perpindialar bisector of 4H Give your anmver athe form ay be = for integers, Band 1 The iagram shows the tangle ABC where the vere have coordinates At), 8110) ands 1 ind the gradient ofABand he pnt bb Hence state the value ofange ABC, «© Sho that triangle ABC sso and shencestate the ae ofange BAC 8 237), 1) and Ce, where bis «Find he gradient of AB tisgiven that the line AB perpendicular theline BC be Show ihatk=9 ‘sector of theline AC. ive your anmerin the form fy bet e= Oforntgets a band 10 Thelin 1, passes trough the points A132) and 88.0. Thole paral, aed passes trough the pat C7 1 Find the gradlentofL, Hence find an equation for «© Show thatthe perpendicular bisector of AB asss trough pain 4 Hence show thatthe perpendicular stance betwee and 0 on 3.5 Intersections of lines 1 sketch, om single agra, these pats of 1 Use algebra to ind tn enornates of {he point where the ines interest Give sets stop heayHectons where ayat9 2 Usealgerato find thecoontinatesofthe points where theseins nese a aybar-5-0 bay-ayna yang 2 Le hasequaton®y + =5. Line at xpationy= 2 $e 1 Use algebra to showhat heres n0 ‘olution othe simmons equations fay +6c=Sandy=2— 3x What geometrical inormason des the ‘eat parage bout ein, © Sketch, on he sredagramthe ine and, practice: coonomareccouernys @)4 yexpressing each equation inthe forms Pome etirconstants mand, determine eter dese pals fines intersect. For Those that dyin the coordinates of the point ofintesseton. aac ber 1oy+9=0 gyre 1-0 5y-3r~10=0 wyten2 aynisg ‘by solving these simulans equations, fd the eoordinates ofthe pints tees thexe nes nese, Sketch each pir oflnes on separate ‘gr pyoxs8 | baytx=i2 pers tee fe ay-aeeono sy es “The dagram shows thelines and, Cosses the Fae te pot Aad has ‘uation ==, crosses the as ‘tne polit Band hus squaon y= 7~ 2 ‘Theselines intersect at plnt Find he 1-coordnate of pint Aand the ‘Fevordinte of pit. 1 Show that Chas coordinates (2.3. Find area of triangle ABC @ rrerce coonomure aeouerny 17 Thediagram shows theline wth equation Byer band telin fwih eqeaion Sy Bow 16 These inesinierseet a point C a Find he coordinates cf point Find de ares ofthe wang formed by these ine an Tiheyaxie Hues ‘Tetine has equation) = Gx ~8.Theline “as eqution y= 1221 1 Find the coordinates the pint where ‘hve ines see 1 Find te equation offline perpen tol, which pases tnbugh pont 4. Give You answer inthe forma) be = eft frtogers anand ‘ne gsr ane ANC ome by {imation orien Pe i Sota 0.) Tele pases hep Aad Cand rain > show tha an equation for 4) ~ x= 18 {Line pases hough he pont Band Cand Insesuton 384 bb Find the coordinates the point ‘Theyinterept ofthe Une which passes ‘hough he pots Asad Bs 7 Find the equation ofthis line andhence find the cooalnatesf point 4 Find the estanco giving your answer Simplified urd orneae 4 Practice: Algebra 2 4.1 Solving a quadratic equation by factorising 1 Usefactorttion solve these guadrae constant esate by he nth the solution of his equation. {Simplify these uations ae then sae them sng factors, ba 2m-65-0 solve these equations. practice accor? @)10 The diagram shows the apes ABCD, Solve these eubie equations ‘here thesis Atta CD are hoaoat AB= xem, cD ~ 2xemand the lg ofthe timpeciamis e+ en r+ mies =o bot nee si=0 gots ser ae—21-0 dar 240+216-0-0 cer et-se+9-0 “Tomiie ——: torne-o-0 | Rae 4 shor hatte aren Ath ape — ‘given by the formula § Fer 9=0 ane ven bateae ae “Te ae of he traperia 48 em? shonta 44-3 4.2. Completing the square «Find the are of angle ABC 1 Expos thse quadrats in completed square form, “The dlagram shows ight angled ingle ees arses bea b= x —LandAC= 25 wherealengisare | © +8418 {neem * 2 a Exgrese— r+ 7th form ~~ ‘where pad gare constant 1 Hence, or others soe he equation Soars rao = {8 Use completing the square a slve these 1 Shoe that BC = sui Ge ane spied ad fon where appropiate ‘ven that the perimeter fthistrange is : 12am, a e4er+s=0 1 find eae oft ange. een onset guon ce nes5=0 ecnesneen ne aeoacrfeo soucans his xton mang sack kr Siti nir+24¢+9 =0theneter treed oe se bone ate ‘The slats tote guton 4 Exp + into ai De bue ners sewer Lee SSlnuine wie fe conan pan exons} bb Hence otherwise expess.e°+ 128 +5 Ge nir+ 21+ 3)=disaeuble equation Incomplete sguaretorm, ‘beat fyou were oexpandall te Irshad hghest poe ofthe ‘expression would be. @ rence ncaa:15 Express these quadrats incompleted square | 11 a fspres «+ elncampleted square fom, form, where eis consti abe sizeh17 wae tars at Theequaton Br + ¢= Oss noe ‘elution. 1 Show thace> 16 6 fi) = 5° 10e+ 26 heres any tal i Rose 12 Theequitions*+ 6r+ K=0, where kisa ‘ose lnteer asa ees one rea soliton. ee Express at an inequality the possible valves bse the vale fx whlch geste ok Fhocss+esvteesieavre! — | 4.3 Solving a quadratic 4 Find the minimum value ofthe expression equation using the mare formula 1 Hence wie down the maxima aie eee * lutontoterecqutone € Findthevatucofkforwhichtheexpression | Simply ach answeras fara possible iar hase maximum vale of0- a eunerteo i 0 bret —24+ 3h etm beeu-ano Berens | lf eavace | + Hameo equion an } rE ee | 2 smottebiovingegatonnensord | | armies ere or | = 2 smote cunt en be hem ‘wing the quate formub, : ‘ive answers insipid urd form. Ves, 23 2e ae +3) aw eee eee) DED fet 2k-B-0 {Apply the quasi forms to show that hese equations dowot hae ane 10 fo) = x 2¢+4wherexisany el number ae tars4=0 4 Useany appropiate method tosaive the squaion fi) = bav-7+5=0 1 Show tat th equation fa) = Bx ~ Shas roreal sation. practice aceon? @) \“4 The diagram shows the pont A andthe point igh hee pis constant p> 2 Show tar l= 29° — tp +20 Given that AB = 4 bb usethe quadratic equation find he ‘luo ‘ive your answer in simp sur fem, “The diagram shows ashape consisting ofa ‘ce with radios rem ontop ofarecange ‘ABCD. The rectangle hase em and ‘nh egal ote diameter ofthe cle 1 Show thatthe are ofthe shapels ven by arse ‘Given hat he ate ofthe shape ser, ‘show thatrstses the equation reer « Find the ads. Give youranswerin ‘mpi surd form. Find expressions n germs ofthe constant forthesolatonsw these quadratie equations. aenarte= bacckrta=0 eke +he+3=0 @ rrvcrce ssans 7 fs) 2x8 —26+ puwberopisa constant «By applying the quadrats co the suo fi) = Oesbow thats = 1 \T=p. bb Espressas an nog he values fp forwhich he equatir fs = Obas no reat solutions 4 Forvhst range of ais fa does this ‘equation have ora tions Express ‘yur annwer aan equi 1b Forwhch vale ofdbes hls equation hve exactly one el latin Fd this roto, |= 2k 1~o,whore i ay rea number, Shaw that he soltoes ofthis equation are grenbye= k= EL Bry explain why ths equation ays ‘nat dint el selaions ing, n terms ofthe sum ofthese wo Find he vale ofthe pode of hese wo solos. You may use calculator this question, ‘he gram sbows a 1 Show tat stele te equation sours t=o. by Aplythe qd formula 0 his ‘Situation wind thea of Give your ‘swerin simple sur form 1 Gomsclos aP-7-+4f tate retin 4 tence we down the xa value of ‘¢ Show thatthe perimeter ofthis anges a iteem,4.4 Solving linear and “ Geinewatequony arg” t non-linear equations " | simultaneously : | ‘ounayuse cer torte eons y 1 Solve these simultaneous equations ayersa 0 by-2et1 e yours? ‘Theline ross the yas at plat Candis 2 beeyes tangent othe cide pat 1 te dwn the coordinates of point C 2 The diagram shows the cle += sand Selectodtecieehteress eee } : yor L ‘afin the coorinatesf pint b Solve the sautaneou tions | «Find the arenof trang OAC, Act as equation + y= 10and ine | Tas eqation x= 10 1 Solve the simultaneous equations i yete=t0 «Solve the simultaneous equations to find he coordinate of any pnts where ropes Thslineand ee ntset, yodo2e What information shout this ine and ile tofind the coordinates of pint A andthe doer ouranser toast pon bb Show taibe dance Anis units, ‘Acie has equation x 2c ym danda yoesens 84s eee fe mtaysi-0 hve no real sotto, anys ' What information abost ths tne and cle oes your answer to age? Practice avceona2 @)I 7 Theshap inthe diagram consis ofw0 Saar etal plates ede together The ‘uate ABOG hase lng mete The ‘Slleraguare CDEFhassidelengh y mets face p aes ‘The tea ofthe shape 4 xpresthis formation stan equation Invobvingrand “The perimeter athe shapes 10m. 1 Use thisinformaton to show that, preyes, «¢ Soh apairofsimitaneous equations find the dimensions ofeach pate @ rmence arcesnr2 18 The lgram shows alght- angled ingle ABCA" rem AC yand BC = 6m «Uwe thegven information to wate down tesiaton connecting and. “The thang as perimeter 14m. hea be ‘Seumned that br Solvea pal ofsimatancous equations 0 find the exact lengh of side AB and the frat eng fide AC € Find the are of wage ABC,Deore | 5.1. Transformations of graphs 1 Thediagram shows the graph ofy =f which {vse te ann atthe pot (0.7, ne 1PC'2 ete minim point onthe raph ‘Skech on separate dlagzams, the graphs of ayafia+? | by=2ha ead ynfr-2. Indicate on each sketch the coordinates othe ‘aim plat and he yintereeto each ‘ark 2 Thediagamshowsthe emma wpaphs FandG.Thegraph im yentan Gisetanaton of guph Phy thevector (3) on, point PAs) on Fi ‘mapped opoint Pony and point Qon Fs mapped to point 6-2) on Practice: Coordinate geometry 2 1 inde coondnatesot| Tiny placa b sttchte gph oty~ Bf ‘aba the megs ofPand Qwith hee ‘ordinate, {The dagram sows the gph ofy =f) and the graph ofy = a snr ase posite oneant ‘The graphy =f) roses the x8 tbe pois whetex = —tand = 6. Both raph cross thease pt (0.2 1 esrb in terms ofa, the uansformation ‘which maps the wap oy =f onto the ‘paphoty fas ‘Under this tansormaion, the pot P23) ‘simapped te pon (3). bb Find the value ofa « Forthis value afd the coordinates ‘ofthe points where he graphy ax) ‘oes the ra 4 sketch, on separate diagrams the raps of hysfiesa y= aps, Oneach seth, mast the as- ana. Indicate on each ttc the coordinates of yi rosing points ad hemi ‘mani pot ofeach raph ‘Under thetansation (72) where k> 0, the graph of) = i ismapped wo agraph (Chih costes the ands single point. @ rrmonce:coonoware ccomerny2 be sutethe val of «ind the coontntes ofthe points whee G cromeseach a 5.2 Sketching curves 1 reach ofthese, 1 sketch the graph feach equation 1 label the vertex each graph wth its ‘coordinates describe he singe tranaaion whieh maps the gapitofy tothe sketched gap ayerea bys eyecare 2 a Taprees +r 12m completed square fm. bb Hence sete te raphofy= 2° + x 12. eel the inept with sae. «Wite down he aquation ofthe in of yanmar or the gap 1 Stich these curses. On each sketch abel the Jrinercep ith isaiie and the vertex ith Iscoorintes ayaetzers byse-ore7 eyaese> 4» State the sequesee of ransfomations ‘tothe graph 1 Shot he rap ofy = —38 +1 '5 Sketch on separate dlagrams, these curves. COmeach see al he ynterepe with ftvale and abel he vertex wi is ‘ornate6 Thedigram shows he graph of Yoh evwhere Dane are constants “he vertex of hs raph has coordinates ans, 1 By considering this raph as transformation of = express the cua fis graph in the form Jo ten pq sating the var ofexch ‘tthe constants pand 1 Hence show that b= 6 Wile down the value ofthe intercept ot 7 Thedlgram shows he graph of Yucehprs qubere pand sreconstants, AGO ana 7.0), ands symmetialthe “oe veri ne 1 Wite down the equation fthetine of Symmetry shown on the daa. 1 rite down the vale of, «© Find the value of 4 Deserve the singe wansformaton whieh aps the grap oly = othe graph inthe iagam, 1 Find the coordinates ofthe yintereptof ‘he waph in the digea, 8 Onasingle diagram sketch ewhere banda inks ‘8 Show thatthe distance @C= 18cm. 'b Determine whether the mid-point Mof QC les inside or oss tice ‘The dlagam shows ‘ce wh rah 10cm. ‘Teline aia diameter tise Pisa pine ‘hls cde such hat thedisanee AP™= Ic. 2 Show that thedistnce P= Waem by Find the ar of tangle ABP. e PRACTICE: COORDINATE GEOMETRY 25 Thedlagram shows cite with cent (i). Theline Chass equation y+ = @and Intersect thicicetpsats and tsshown «Find the gradient oF ine 1b Hence write down the gradient ofthe perpendelar Discetor O48 «Find she equation af the perpendicular bisector of 1 Thedigram shows cele wth cote C1 The angen ths clea the pola 86) ‘hasbeen drawn, 1 Show that he gradient of histangent by Find he equation for this tangent Give Souranswerin theory + x= e where In band care integer «Find the coordinates ofthe points Aand 8 ere this tangent crosses they te. 4 hw thatthe region inside ange O88 ‘vedi this cele bas ze (108 ~ 13) Squared units 7 Thedligrum shows acre centred at the ig an wi as ‘Teli, ntersetsthisclce atthe pont Peso) adh poi Thetne intersects tise athe pola Q sind he pan 50, ‘The equation of, y= +5 2 Show thatthe equation of b Findihe coordinates of point © By using the dlamoter Pt show hat ‘lange PQRhas rea 20 squaze unt 4 Hanes or other state the value of ars a pracmice: coonpnare ceoMersy 2Practice: Trigonometry and triangles 6.1 Trigonometry and * erent cpnanery show triangles ‘Une told otherwise sa calculator ad ne Shonteeraae ae ee 1 Utemgeupemeyemiin | | docianumentnae ca ea ee ———— 3 a Use right-angied trigonometry to find the : | Sargeras een See . oe oan ores aan somes 12 Thedliagram shows aight-angled triangle ind «50S ors MBC AC Zomand en geeks A estpnaty tan @ rence: rmcowomerny ano TmUANaLES5 Inthese angles alent aren Eentimetes. Use he sine leo ind thelenth othe side indeted with lowerese ete 6 Thedlingram shows range ABC: AC Gem, ‘C= Demand angle BAC = 70 1 Shove that ange A= 5.2203 Nenicane gues, Use the sin rue co ind the length AB VE 7 Thedligram shows wang aC AC Brand angle A= 0" 1uisguenhatsin a= 3 Use the in rae showin = 1 1 Hence show hat eangle ABCs ih angled «Epes thlengthofthe side BCin rms ‘of smplivng our awe a8 1 Rearange these cone ues to make the ‘ie term the abject a 2a + 2aboon Clorcon b aa +e 2uccos orl 9 Inthese tangs, aegis are in ‘eatimesres Use tecosine rl othe Teng ofthe side ndeated wlth alawerease lee PRACTICE: TRIGONOMETRY AND TAANALES GB10 many the largest angle nopposte thelongestside. «Use the cosine rae oid the argest ange inthiseange ty Useanyapproptae resto nde tet two anger rts tiande 11 The dag shows tangle ABC: IAB yan C= Sand angle DAC 2 ‘s regent = a Sita BC= Se Thing oper ounces ans oF wae D tn age aBC «anh areaoting BC ie" sree lr wee 30 ton 12 The diagram shows the range AB, whee see eninc = Tzem and angle BAC ~ 25 eine Don Alas that AD = deni and ‘sg DIC = 5 te g She that BD = 9.77 em to Ssgiticant figue by Findange «Hence or oer anal DBA. 13 The dlagam shows the sector ofc with ‘ize Point ard liom tice a acm, ore Dist mid-point of AC De Sem and ange DCB 120 is given Ponca —e Show thats = em. ‘Find the periner ofthe curved sae ADB. 14 Te diagram shows a quadatra ABCD. AL Regine cetmetes. A= 10,BC= 1 (ebe and DA= 1 Angle ABD = 27. ‘8 Show thatangeADB~ 189° (03 inca ie) 1 Find angle 1B, « Esplanlt why dheponts 4 8, Cand D ‘annotal een eammon cic 4 noe tnat the diagonal AChas eng hem tothe reaest centimetre. 6.2 The area of any triangle Unles tol there, soa caer and sve [Bal enswes to stent ges 1 find the area teach of hese anges. oe PRACTICE: TRIGONOMETRY AND TRIANGLES:2 Find the are of his Ieoseces tangle 2 Thedlagram shows ingle POR. PQ 10,PR = 30 and angle POR = 150% 4 Usethe sine ule toshow hatin =f bb Hence find angle QRP. «Show thatrangle PQRhas are 52cm tonigicant ures. 4nd she area of an equilateral triangle whose 5 Intangle Bc 4 Usethe cosine alto show that angle AG AH? (to Sgn ges 'b Hence find the aon of thistrangl. 6 Thedlgram shows ‘and centre at Points ana onthe ci are Sich hatange co = 15 4 Find the ren of Tisciele Leave 1 Find the are of wane ABC «© Show thatthe shaded segment between tsciee and theline Al ae en 25 cn to decal place 7 Thetalanges ARCan POR shown ithe Giga have equal eas ange ABC. by Hence ind the erg the side QP. ‘© Show tha the perineta of twang PQRIs Taste to lnteant gue) thetsonge PQR were PQ=ePR=28and ange GPR = 307. ‘legs arin Ieigiventhatsin "=f 1 Show thatthe aren A of his tangl ven bythe formula a= de, Iniventhatheaen ofthis wang bb nd he length athe sie PQ. « Henceshow thatthe base Ao tiseange talent 74cm signican ges 4 Find the length ofthe shorestline rom ? totheside nO. acres: macnournyao rms @9 Thedlagramshowsthe design ofabadge Intneshapeete. ctor ane ‘ire Thectce scented b Show thatthe ares of the shaded region it Baten to decal pce Amotal patos formed by wing angle ABCto asecior BD of cele The eehas ‘ente Cand aioe em Angle BAI indangle BCD 3 4 Stow thatthe ng of 8 13m. t0 Ssiguieant igure, 1b Find the rea ofthe plate, Find dhe perimeter ofthe plate, ‘The diagram shows rectangle ABCD, here B= 4m Poin on BC seh hat [BE Semand point Fon CD's such that, EF= lemandaF~ 1 em, 1 Show tha angle AE = 45. 1 Fin the re of ingle AEF. < teerinieraernaoee wh eer 6.3 Solving a trigonometric equation ‘Where appropiate, use exer ange sweat {decimal place 1 Thedlagram shows the graph ofy~ infor visas soo" 4 Useshisgraph to wte doen the solions tothe etn sin Dior 0! = 3-0 1 Use yourcaleusor to find one ston ‘theequatonsinx ~ 08. € Use thisgraph find another solution to ‘heequaton sine 06 oe" = x= 300 ‘The diagram shows the wap ofy = cos for gens tar | Wie down the olution ofthe equation fon Ione 380, Sven aqui one 0716 ‘By sing cleat andthe properties the ‘Shegpaph solve hee equations 4 sine Horo 25 360 b sins 025 ior <= 300" € sins as torts e= 5a @ rence rmaonomerny Avo TRANGLES4 Byung calcul andthe properties ofthe ‘easne graph salve these equations cose Loran 3 Fr eye-atha dy=beese Do mot est princes for these questions. 4 ite dawnthe value ofmand ence ind Iewquatonoflucangenitotnecarment?, | YTAT2 fF yoS— 7x3 @_rracnce:wernooueme orreneTATION5 By fist expanding the brackets in each of these equations find ay=Gh ances b y-ert nea eyeat-3) dye @—s0 eyserte ft y-(a-by Find the gradient of hese cubic curves th ol indeatd b yor {atthe pot where x= x 4 tthe point where x= ¢ y=Jo Be + 2rthepoinewhows= ~ se f atthe pin (2, Dy expen each equtoninan ppropatefom, nt Faetorise each answer a fly possible. by-ae-1) © year 19 d ye 2) ayseiren eyebese ft ycaeey Acurvehasemtasony= = 2168+ 20 ' Expres the equation ofthis cure fn the form y=" bio baconstan, Find he gradient ofthis curve at the point Acuve sein = 40a 2 ind 1b Find the value of x for which $2 0, The gradient of the cuveat a paul point Find the coontinatesof 2 10 a Find the coordinates ofthe point on the exney nae 2r= whe he paso 1 Find the pontine of he pint on the ° curey= fx +3) whee the gins ick € Find the coed fhe point onthe ccurvey~ +24 wherethe gaint 4, ‘The dlagzam shows te graph of you te +2 Aloshown arte tangents this carve athe pot P08 andthe point | Show tha the gradient of he angen at ‘The angen a Qi pall othe tangent at bb Findthe coordinates of point, ‘The diagram shows tho graph fy = ks + 2 ere sa constant, abich pases through the point A Band C The coordinates fund Care 2 and 3respectely The ‘oootinate of Bs pte 2 =p The padiet of hs cue apni. 4: showehat = 1 Hence i te radt of his cet pom Sanjay cluster th dint ofthe curve 0 anew © plan why Sanjaysanswer mst be ‘wong Pracmce:nermoouena oireReNTiTON15 By eprssing these equations nan sppeopiate form, Mee pyodtages ate Beas) y y-Bs} led) a pot on hsv wc coe tothe genera point 2), * 1 Hence td an esreon or $n terms of toabane yh your anor pa bags ‘itt yg tty-sc when ant ume then ne In this question you shoul use Whasotdon > 5 2.4 Forming expressions 4 ne he qtr a cement r ou arty rang =a answers 2)1 Hi thecuboithns faces These as en of 4 men = 1 yeansacn cari Land nn tt tnt th SL" crete ee heheh hey oor eae Use v= anes A= bande Hin Addon he clr par ne 1 Mn Ue ohame~ base tht ee Answers: 3 Coordinate geometry 1 3.1. Straight-line graphsae | © Nocasigie © Norescaigtine | Silene 3.2 The equation of < Sayes bon ccam aa ne Use Pega orem on he range 10 a tinsinghiy =H eswers3.3. Mid-points and distances rewa ben e(-¥) a( 2d) ae (Qe) wekeen canon som seca w Cun 6 4 tne she SH e.g 19 ones ean von eas vom e205 af 19 Hie Clelteene tance AB ACand CY. ‘nlc ofthe dance area toa (ol) Snead ee mipin a, Ta Hine PindibetnghAC 3-18) 5,8 = fAc= 5 1 Rn Ue the aes oma « Wier an ng tere 12 Hine Sote he egution (F=DFB =p » (38) ou 3.4 Parallel and perpendicular lines re wt aad et 3 a commengedint? common great} © common gate} saan} Hn Fndanpnin rede l Ci8 cay mesar=0 10a} bayse=awtoranyequiales toon Mn ins reno were ihe ‘jn a ou nds seb 3.5. Intersections of lines rat 615) a Baan BLM een 4 ge stow bate ste the equations 1 thetns are pare, 4 nein at .-. 1 une dente tel wae nesta.Answers: Algebra 2 1. Solving a quadratic a ‘equation by factorising y answers $8)brndeet apenas fasbensan 3 ercbred heeacdend 4.2 Completing the square perenne exeeys tached a2) np29-22 bauear—7 s2sa-1 wsa-atee eaeBee a os Mins c= + 2- Olewstox—2 the 2 nea cea Lee soho (eS tains 4 Ge TF + 1 ONoreal soon fee 24 = Realaaine 1 tne Reatage be cquatan fa = he — 148 ae tb nd compe he sear se uratsse ‘Hine Three noel lonsto sega 43 Solving a quadratic equation using the formula secuena besteg eanse37 1 tne Sow tat aae<0 “Enemas, rset heogtions? + 6r= Ite simp Hine ae (28 H99 =A of tenhed Hine tae= (26 AIK =A 1b 51> Oran lu ode foul wil Protace dint kao aa 627 +4 parctersltinas> 1) e ara Mi Siac ratnasng r?4.4 Solving linear and non-linear equations simultaneously Answers: | 5 Coordinate geometry 2 5.1 Transformations of graphs |< | |0-4 097.11 Be matt K/ sty css sen e Smaart 11 a suc ofy=sinssale irate nan 8 i socoly nee ‘rome ole tent to) Graph e= 3 ay LA Yr Ko oo 1 naan ty = tre} sett =H et a ea fell tyavamton she) 4 anton ofy= fou 9) eh ty aefaeor2aonatbe ‘st owed aeion ‘rows 1 siaeoty = ae er ogc aston ofinedytsab to) uicitininnesas mes toe etle9) acum Marsal beeny-e 5.3 Intersection points of graphs reenam 6 n-gaus eo 2 409,635) 1 Hin Spy = 25 an 40ers oe 82-0) fe Anon ¥C20.058 © 18 405) 80-1) b Hine Soke2e 42+ 5-0 15.610) «ine Te ase the tance Band belt {steer (6 Hn Show nat songs — te 7128 Toads gundat enon th nga Thetineandcune cums a5.4 Three circle theorems Answers: Trigonometry and triangles 6.1 Trigonometry and triangles1 tinggi subject. “et 1 tetera sho toe 2 3B. onsem pen ue 12a ne enon de BAD 1 ne eect rong Be, vee Ute ge | cpp uae me enor ourpiatscamot in common ‘le 4 tins Sere aangange CDPanden we Tecmo ange ADC. 6.2 The area of any triangle ner apepint, anaver te ents ‘puerta ere La sizem wagon € Mem? sini 3-4 tine nearangesbesine re BE = AYE nesta tee bas «Hine Use tetoemulaorsn 15 Hie Roarange = #-+1F—2aens to make ‘one thera bb aaaem? te te secon € sn ary wn econ alt fn he ite Sib 44 ne Sty fea sn tins Yeti = + Barco 2a cancn tin tsetse 0 10 canyon een ee biaen © 185m 1 nts cing eg Ay ‘Munson Tete eatine nn tuange a few «Hint clng a hing Ue terme nen dade «Baw 6.3. Solving a trigonometric equation ‘ber appre anesa geno deci pceAnswers: 7 Sequences and summations 7.1 Arithmetic sequences : answers 48)oe ee 7.2. Recurrence relations and ~ sigma notation nit bans 8 etecmeae +30 +2) © Hn tow tat, = 4+ 0and hen sing (4+ Ha 12 anemone earuper bmmea 4a un hat- 25,680 A yetyeayed bs e8 = son +2001 2500 Towson month note 1 Fine Us thes, = 24, + 4 rine se tetormiaa,=a+in—naviore | gg ae eo 2 a aw mate asa £11000 W E15 permonth Wine Use te lanip w= a, + eae eee © 1Shouts This seems acne i a store Maatidee weve Wa nnasn ne 3 Hine rpmertheogtons,= a, htemate | 98 88-2 me ca Suna canada 4 son, ~ tn 2and2 indy nes) 18 « Hn Siete dite fcneute Leeeiseaese mn “ hea bus nan eka eee -an+33 Mette 21 12 a tei ontg anton 8 7 15 Hin Usetberaoip =a = 1~ Answers: 8 Introducing differentiation 8.1 Estimating the gradient of | °* ss Bw owns Som> Gra wee Gy 8.2 Differentiation1 tne net nen dy rata aE 4 Hse Wet te eqn of he carey ~ and theme the nea th ‘setae 8.3 Applications of differentiation 1 etme tan gor ean byaae-2 4 tc sy stg eres =f none anton adalat. Hine Use a,x end, = 6 ee 18-0 baynx-s0 ) 9 Hine yang ter =2 ‘othe egutionandaoina 1 tn Sty wbng aie = no sete € Mn eth ange an rma gions Melati taena gt aug wip 4 = nine tm una pnr sn fen 10 4 Hoe Sandy nang te tet of eeu pon vas) meiece std) wa a b Pana.qr25) wat 2-a.c2am w 0-202 manam w02.0-2 rose a-H)an ie oo AE 14 toe and tense egton [aie er ty nr nd tena be uae ‘orminontieeausn 0 «Hc and teow be quae ‘Sma decrmen fo hear be 15 « Hine ache cute eh orate ues trocar nee Wb ayaa ete “re equton on scbicequten and eee ‘sition « Tomisnotconec.eg the guney = + xhas tesa see >Exam paper Total = 50 marks Time allowed: 1 hour1 geste gn the form p +48 where pad g are neg 2 The points Aand Bhave coordinates 2.) and l(-83). 2 inushe dstance AB, Give your answer insipid sud form, 1b Finda equton fr thetine which pases though AA) and BB). Civeyouranswerin he form ay + Bx ewherea, and caring.3 Theclagram shows the graph ofy = fe. The graph crosses the xand {pases the points U4) and BID. respecte, Pat Ca sa maximum pot on th raph ‘nthe dlagams provided, stich the pap with equation & y=fos a b y=fow a ‘Oneach diagram show the coordinates ofthe points coresponding toa Bande4 ind the seta values of for whieh b -asseesen* a both 5M ctand-t arr 5< 15 a Express Gr + 1sinthe form rp! +4, whee Useyouranswerto para to dseibe the singe transformation Wwhchmapsthe graphy = ontathe graphy 13, Inde space provided sketch heap oy ~*~ 6+ 1, clea ‘masking the enonnate ofthe mtn poi, : 4 xpress as.an inequality the range of ales of or which he ‘equation Gr 14 k= Obasno ea sltions a{6 Theshapein the diagram shows par of compact disc storagerackin whieh tulangle ABCs ben jlned othe sector ACD. ‘Theseeto the ccte has conte And radius rem. B= Sem BC= Tem snismpemengo a > > Ieisgiven hat eos 6" 11 Use thecosine ule ontrange ABCto show that satisfies the futon a= 0, a 1b Hence find the rai of he secon a ven aso that sin r=, sow hate aren the shapes 63-+ rea?7 Thedlagram shows the graph oy » =~ «15. The graph crosses the {axa the pots tan Pint Phe minim point a the ep ‘The weal ottedine though Pisa line of symmetry of hi ep Find the coontinates ofan s 1b Hence, orotherwist nd the coowdnatsotP a © Shoe shat heli perpendiuar to AP and whieh pases through thetnidpolncofAPhas equation =~ 4 BAM PAPER44. Find the coordinates ofthe points where Lntersees the graph ofysn ris (re your anawer in sud orm.‘conmsoned bykae gene Au ey Sa Langa Design and peseing by raha baste (covet cnet design by age xl re sch at nck He © eet Src sgn oC ia enn ame Conny Cea| < Collins