Site Survey and Layout of Bts Issue

Security Level:
Site Survey and

Layout of BTS
ISSUE 1.5
Wireless Case & Training Department www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential

Foreword
The survey and layout of BTS is the basis of

construction for radio mobile network. It has the following
functions:
Showing the system design of the network planning
Determining the structure of future network
Determining the quality of network operation
Thus, the proper survey and layout of BTS can ensure

the installation, maintenance, and network planning.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 2

Purpose
After learning this course, you should be
familiar with:
Service flow of BTS survey

Selection of site address
Design of antenna

Contents
Chapter 1 Service Description
Chapter 2 Preparation
Chapter 3 Site Selection
Chapter 4 Antenna Design
Chapter 5 Survey Document

Service Description
Survey purpose
Collect the site information required by the networking planning and

environment description. Check whether the site meets the requirements of
construction.
Survey task
Optical test
Surrounding architecture environment and
nature environment
Spectrum measurement
Electromagnetic environment
Site check
Installation condition of antenna and
equipment
Power supply and transmission supply
Service Description
Position of BTS survey in the network planning
According to width of band, determine frequency multiplex mode
According to capacity forecast, traffic distribution, and coverage

requirement, estimate the required quantity of BTSs.
Confirm the position of BTS in theory.
Perform BTS survey
Design parameters of cell
Network hierarchy structure, transmit power, antenna system,

including the type, height, direction, and down tilt of antenna

Service Flow
Radio network
estimation
report
Obtaining site;
selecting radius
Site
information
No Obtaining
spare sites
Whether
there is a site
No
Yes No
Whether Whether meeting Electromagnetic
conforming site Site survey requirements of environment
condition test
site
Yes Yes
Survey
report

Contents

Preparation
Be familiar with the engineering and collect the materials that is
related to the project :
Engineering document
Background material
Network status
Map
Configuration list

Preparation
Prepare the following tools that are
available:
Digital camera
GPS satellite receiver
Compass
Ruler
Laptop

Preparation
Survey preparation coordination meeting
Before survey, call in all the relative personnel to hold the survey
preparation coordination meeting. The main contents of this meeting are
listed as follows:
Testing electromagnetic background
Arranging survey and coordination personnel
Preparing vehicle and equipment
Making survey plan and confirming survey route
Offering the primary schemes of transmission
and power

Contents

Site Selection
After completing preparation and knowing about the coverage
requirements, start to select site.
When confirming the site, consider the following information:
Original network condition
Population distribution and local custom
City structure and town distribution
Main streets and traffic flow
Mountainous region, lake, river, and coastline
Long-term development trend

Principles of Selecting Site
Principle
Population distribution Choosing sites in the

heavy-traffic region and
Traffic distribution
concentrated subscriber
Subscriber flow direction region
Trying not to choose sites near

Surrounding environment mountain, radar, broadcasting
Signal propagation quality station, forest, and electrical
factory

Principles of Selecting Site
The specific principles are described as follows:
Construct BTS on the ideal position of a cell. The offset

should not exceed the of coverage radius.
Under the condition of the BTS layout is not affected,
choose the existing equipment to reduce the construction
cost and period as possible .
To control the coverage range, reduce the difficulty of
engineering construction, and be convenient for
maintenance, do not choose the sites on the mountain that
is on the border of the city or suburb.
(the relative altitude to the city: beyond 100m300m)

Principles of Selecting Sites
Construct the BTS at a place where transport is fluent, supply of
mains is available, environment is safe, and there is a few filed.
Do not construct the BTS near the high-power radio transmit
station, radar station, and other interference sources.
Construct BTS at a place that is far away from the forest to avoid
the fast fading of received signal.
Consider the signal reflection and time dispersion when
constructing the sites in the mountainous area, precipitous shore,
dense lake area, highland city, and the environment with high
metal building.
When choosing site in the complex, realize the division of network
structure according to the height of building.
At the early stage of constructing network, because of a few of
BTSs, ensure good coverage in important areas.

Contents

Selecting Antenna
Selecting Antenna
The selection for antenna is an important part of determining

the network quality.
According to the requirements of coverage and service
quality, traffic distribution, landform, coverage in the entire
network, and interference, to select the antenna.
According to landform or traffic distribution, the environment
of using antenna can be categorized into:
City, suburb, countryside, highway, mountainous area,
offing, tunnel, and indoor environment

Principles of Selecting Antenna
Selecting Antenna for the BTS in the city
Choose the directional antenna with 6065 half power angle.

Choose the antenna with about 15dBi gain.
Choose the antenna with 36tilt angle.
Choose dual polarization antenna.

Selecting antenna for the BTS in the suburb
According to actual conditions, choose the directional antenna

with 65or 90 half power angle.
Choose 1518dBi middling or high gain antenna.
According to actual conditions, determine whether the tilt angle
should be used.
Dual polarization antenna and vertical polarization antenna are
both available.

Selecting antenna for the BTS in the countryside
According to actual conditions, choose 90or 120 directional

antenna or omni-directional antenna.
Choose directional antenna with 1618dBi gain.
Do not choose presetting tilt antenna. Choose null filling antenna
for the high BTS.
The vertical polarization antenna is recommended.

Selecting antenna for the BTS on the
highway
In general, choose narrow-beam and
high-gain directional antenna. According
to actual conditions, you also can choose
8-shaped antenna or omni-directional
antenna.
Because the BTS on the highway must
cover a long distance, do not choose the
presetting tilt antenna.
The vertical polarization antenna is
recommended.
The front-to-back ratio of the directional
antenna should not too great.

Selecting antenna for the BTS in the tunnel
Tunnel shorter than 2 km

Install the 10dB-12dB Yagi antenna/log-periodic
antenna/flat antenna in the jaws of tunnel to cover
a road that is less than 2km.
Tunnel longer than 2 km

Use leaky feeder, coaxial cable, and fiber
distribution system.

Selecting Indoor Antenna
Omni-directional antenna
Vertical polarization, 2dBi gain, cap-shaped or cup-shaped, small

size, convenient for installation, graceful
Directional antenna
Vertical polarization, 90half power angle
7dBi gain

Antenna Height
Principles of Design for Antenna Height
Due to the installation space or cell planning, the heights of

antennas that are in different cells of a BTS can be different.
For the BTS in the city, the height of antenna is about 25m.
For the BTS in the suburb, the height of antenna is about 40m.
If an antenna, particularly the omni-directional antenna, is too high,

the coverage level of the place that nears to the antenna may be
lowered, that is, no signal under the power.
In addition, the too high antenna may lead to cross coverage and
intra-frequency/neighboring-frequency interferences that affect the
network quality.

Azimuth Angle
Principles of Design for Antenna Azimuth Angle
Based on signal coverage, ensure that the azimuth angles of three sectors are the
same. Adjust the azimuth angles of antennas according to important coverage
objects on the border of city and suburb, in the traffic artery and isolated site of
suburb.
To enhance the signal strength and improve call quality, adjust the major lobe of
antenna to face to the heavy-traffic areas.
To control interference, adjust the major lobe of antenna to be apart from intra-
frequency cells.
The cross coverage areas of neighboring cells in the city should not exceed 10%.
The cross coverage areas of neighboring cells in the suburb and village should be
not too large. The azimuth angle of neighboring cells should not less than 90.
To avoid cross coverage, do not make the major lobe of antenna face to the
straight streets in the crowded areas.

Tilt Angle
Principles of Design for Tilt Angle
The beam tilt is a basic technology for improving Frequency Reuse

capability.
The antenna tilt technology is used to control coverage scope and
reduce the interferences in the system.
To reduce the interferences from co-channel cells and meet the
coverage requirements, set the tilt angles based on specific conditions.
The design for tilt angle should be based on transmitter power, antenna
height, cell coverage, and radio environment.

Tilt Angle
The antenna tilt is categorized into electrical mode and mechanical mode.
The angle of the electrical tilt is relative to the model of antenna. The angle
of the mechanical tilt is adjustable, but it is limited by installation accessory
and signal transportation. Often the angle should not exceed 15.
The electrical tilt and mechanical tilt have surface radiations that differ with
the increases of angles.

Installing Antenna
A. Installation Environment
The installation environment contains the ambient of antenna

and that of BTS.
For the ambient of antenna, check the isolation between
antennas and impacts of tower and roof on antennas.
For the ambient of BTS, check whether the high buildings that
are 500m away have impacts on signal transportation.

Installing Antenna
When installing antenna, consider whether the ambient affects the
coverage cell. Keep the antenna away from barriers. If you need to
install antenna on the roof, try to install it on the edge.
FREQ Dm hm
01 0.5
GSM 2
110
900M
1030 3
30 3.5
02 0.5
GSM
1800M 210 1
10 2

Installing Antenna
B. Antenna Isolation
The receiver and transmitter must have a certain isolation.

Isolation between antennas: Attenuation of signal from a
antenna port to another
GSM system: The isolation between two transmitter antennas
and the isolation between the transmitter antenna and the
receiver antenna should be not fewer than 30dB.
Antenna vertical layout: Lv=28+40log(k/)(dB)
Antenna horizontal layout: Lv=22+20log(d/)-(G1+G2)-
(S1+S2)(dB)

Installing Antenna
C. Requirements for Space of Diversity
When you perform space diversity, the distance between two receiver
antennas should be 12 to 18.
When an antenna is installed highly, the horizontal space of the diversity

antenna should be large. Usually the space of diversity antenna is 0.11
times of the height of the antenna.
To achieve the same effort, the vertical diversity space should be five to
six times of the horizontal diversity space.
To reduce the mutual effects of two antennas, the horizontal diversity

space should be more than 3m.

Contents

Survey Document
Survey report
The standard survey report provides service for the subsequent

network planning and network optimization. It is the guarantee of
engineering quality and the basis of planning for network capacity.
The survey report consists of survey table and memo.
The survey table records the longitude and latitude of a BTS,
antenna design, and ambient.
Shoot the picture of BTS coverage area in the direction of north.
Get eight pictures every 45.

Illustration of Survey Document
Engineering Parameter Table
Survey Table
Surrounding of BTS
Installation platform

Thank You
www.huawei.com

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Security Level:

Site Survey and

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential

The survey and layout of BTS is the basis of

Determining the structure of future network

Determining the quality of network operation

Thus, the proper survey and layout of BTS can ensure

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 2

Service flow of BTS survey

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 3

Chapter 3 Site Selection

Chapter 4 Antenna Design

Chapter 5 Survey Document

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 4

Collect the site information required by the networking planning and

According to capacity forecast, traffic distribution, and coverage

Perform BTS survey

Design parameters of cell

Network hierarchy structure, transmit power, antenna system,

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 6

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 7

Chapter 1 Service Description

Chapter 3 Site Selection

Chapter 4 Antenna Design

Chapter 5 Survey Document

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 8

related to the project :

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 9

GPS satellite receiver

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 10

Testing electromagnetic background

Arranging survey and coordination personnel

Preparing vehicle and equipment

Making survey plan and confirming survey route

Offering the primary schemes of transmission

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 11

Chapter 1 Service Description

Chapter 3 Site Selection

Chapter 4 Antenna Design

Chapter 5 Survey Document

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 12

When confirming the site, consider the following information:

Original network condition

Population distribution and local custom

City structure and town distribution

Main streets and traffic flow

Mountainous region, lake, river, and coastline

Long-term development trend

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 13

Population distribution Choosing sites in the

Trying not to choose sites near

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 14

Construct BTS on the ideal position of a cell. The offset

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 15

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 16

Chapter 1 Service Description

Chapter 3 Site Selection

Chapter 4 Antenna Design

Chapter 5 Survey Document