E Commerce

INTRODUCTION
Internet has become an important medium for doing global business based on the state
of the art technology. Electronic commerce has two major aspects: economical and
technological. The stress of this course will show you how to get started in the complex
and exciting world of Electronic Commerce. New standards and new facilities are
constantly emerging and their proper understanding is essential for the success of an
operation, and especially for those who are assigned a duty to select, establish, and maintain
the necessary infrastructure
E-commerce is an emerging concept that describes the process of buying and selling
or exchanging of products, services, and information via computer networks including the
internet.
Definition of E-Commerce from Different Perspective
1. Communications Perspective
EC is the delivery of information, products/ services, or payments over

the telephone lines, computer networks or any other electronic means.
2. Business Process Perspective
EC is the application of technology toward the automation of business transactions

and work flow.
3 Service Perspective
EC is a tool that addresses the desire of firms, consumers, and management to cut
service costs while improving the quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery.
4. Online Perspective
EC provides the capability of buying and selling products and information on the
internet and other online services.
BENEFITS OF E-COMMERCE
 Access new markets and extend services offering to customers.
 Broaden current geographical parameters to operate globally.
 Reduce the cost of marketing and promotion
 Improve customer service
 Strengthen relationships with customers and suppliers
 Streamline business processes and administrative functions.
SCOPE OF E-COMMERCE
 Marketing, sales and sales promotion
 Pre-sales, subcontracts, supply
 Financing and insurance
 Commercial transactions: ordering, delivery, payment
 Product service and maintenance
 Co-operative product development
 Distributed co-operative working•Use of public and private
services .
 Business-to-administrations (e.g. customs, etc)
 Transport and logistics
 Public procurement
 Automatic trading of digital goods
 Accounting
 Dispute resolution
History of E-commerce
The history of e commerce is a history of how Information Technology has

transformed business processes. Some authors will track back the history of e commerce
to the invention of the telephone at the end of last century. EDI (Electronic Data
Interchange) is widely viewed as the beginning of ecommerce if we consider ecommerce as
the networking of business communities and digitalization of business information. Large
organizations have been investing in development of EDI since sixties. It has not gained
reasonable acceptance until eighties. EDI has never reached the level of popularity of the web-
based ecommerce for several reasons:
• High cost of EDI prohibited small businesses and medium-sized companies from participating in
the electronic commerce;
• Slow development of standards hindered the growth of
EDI; and
• The complexity of developing EDI applications limited its
adaptation to a narrow user base.
T h e I n t e r n e t a n d t h e W e b The Internet was conceived in 1969, when the
Advanced Research Projects Agency (a Department of Defense organization) funded
research of computer networking. The Internet could end up like EDI without the
emergence of the World Wide Web in 1990s. The Web became a popular mainstream
medium (perceived as the fourth mainstream medium in addition to print, radio and TV) in
a speed which had never been seen before. The Web users and content were almost
doubled every a couple of months in 1995 and 1996. The web and telecommunication
technology had fueled the stock bubble in the roaring 90s and eventually pushed
NASDAQ over 5,000 in 2000 before it crashed down to 1,200 in 2002. XML and Web
Services Besides the availability of technical infrastructures, the popularity of the Web is
largely attributed to the low cost of access and simplicity of HTML authoring, which are
the obstacles of EDI development. The Internet and the Web have overcome the technical
difficulty of EDI, but it

E Commerce

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INTRODUCTION

EC is the delivery of information, products/ services, or payments over

2. Business Process Perspective

EC is the application of technology toward the automation of business transactions

The history of e commerce is a history of how Information Technology has

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