Chapter 12 Student Notes
Chapter 12 Student Notes
Chapter 12 Student Notes
Law of Conservation of Mass: the mass of the _______________ must equal the
mass of the _______________.
Moles
Mass (g)
Mole Ratios
A mole ratio is a ratio between the number of moles of any two substances in a
balanced equation.
eg. The six mole ratios from 2KClO3(s) 2KCl(s) + 3O2 are:
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Chapter 12.2 Stoichiometric Calculations
Stoichiometric Mole-to-Mole Conversion
Used to calculate the number of moles produced in a substance when given the
number of moles in a reactant.
2. Identify the substance you _______________ and the substance you are
looking for.
eg.
Moles of unknown =
eg.
2
Stoichiometric Mole-to-Mass Conversion
Used to calculate the mass of a product when given the number of moles in a
reactant.
1. Write the _______________ _______________ _______________.
eg.
2. Identify the substance you know and the substance you are looking for
eg.
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Stoichiometric Mass-to-Mass Conversion
Used to calculate the mass of a product when given the mass of a reactant.
ex 2: How many grams of carbon dioxide will be produced when 1.204 x 1024
molecules of methane (CH4) are burned? (Water is also produced)
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Chapter 12.3 Limiting Reactants
Definitions
Limiting Reactant: the substance that is completely _______________ in a
chemical reaction. It determines the amount of _______________.
2. Determine the limiting reactant (calculate moles for reactants). Use the
moles calculated and the number of moles needed in the formula to
determine which is the limiting reactant.
eg.
4. You can then convert the moles of the product into grams
eg.
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5. You can do similar steps to calculate the grams of the excess reactant used.
eg.
eg 2. What mass of water will be produced when 25g of ethane and 25g of
oxygen gas react?
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Chapter 12.4 Percent Yield
Definitions
Theoretical Yield: the _______________ amount of a product that can be
produced from a given amount of a reactant. The theoretical yield is
_______________ _______________ _______________.
Percent Yield =
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Assessment Questions
Section 12.1: #7b, page 357
Section 12.2: #18, page 363
Section 12.3: #22, 25a, 26, page 369
Section 12.4: #86
#58 & 62, page 337; #139, page 348; #149, page 349