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Profile Control

Profile of a line describes a tolerance zone around any curved line on a surface. It specifies the allowable variation from the true profile shape at a single cross-section of the surface. The tolerance zone is two-dimensional, consisting of two parallel curves following the profile. Profile of a line is commonly used to control variations at cross-sections of complex curved surfaces like wings or car hoods, and can be called out in conjunction with profile of a surface to control both single cross-sections and the overall surface profile.

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159 views

Profile Control

Profile of a line describes a tolerance zone around any curved line on a surface. It specifies the allowable variation from the true profile shape at a single cross-section of the surface. The tolerance zone is two-dimensional, consisting of two parallel curves following the profile. Profile of a line is commonly used to control variations at cross-sections of complex curved surfaces like wings or car hoods, and can be called out in conjunction with profile of a surface to control both single cross-sections and the overall surface profile.

Uploaded by

Sahil Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Profile of a Surface

GD&T Symbol:
Relative to Datum: Optional
MMC or LMC applicable: No
Drawing Callout:

Description:
Profile of a surface describes a 3-Dimensional tolerance zone around a surface,
usually which is an advanced curve or shape. If it is called out on a curved surface,
like a fillet on a welded part, the entire surface where the radius is has to fall within
the tolerance zone. Profile controls all the points along the surface within a tolerance
range that directly mimics the designed profile. Any point on the surface would not
be able to vary inside or outside by more than the surface profile tolerance. Usually
when surface profile is required, there are no tolerances on the dimensions that
describe the surface and use the GD&T callout to give the acceptable range.

GD&T Tolerance Zone:


3-Dimensional tolerance zone existing of 2 parallel surface curves that follow the
contour of the surface profile across the entire length of the surface. This tolerance
zone may or may not be referenced by a datum.

Gauging / Measurement:
Profile is usually measured using a CMM due to the complexity of some of the
surfaces that are called out. The CMM would compare the 3D scan of the profile to
the dimensions called out on the drawing to see if it was in spec. If a simple surface
is called out, such as a radius on a corner, a height gauge can be used to trace the
part as long as the gauge can stay the same distance away from the surface as
rotates around the surface.

Relation to Other GD&T Symbols:


Profile of a surface is the 3D version of profile of a line. The difference between them
is that profile of a surface would cover the entire required surface, making sure that
every point falls in the tolerance zone, not just at a cross section.

When used without datums, Profile of a line can also be thought to be similar
to flatness or cylindricity as these symbols are only more specific versions of the
profile of a surface symbol. When used with datums, profile can mimic all the
orientation symbols (perpendicularity, parallelism, angularity) and even control the
location and size of a feature or surface. All of these tolerance symbols specify how
much a surface of any geometric shape can vary from its true form. All of these
symbols have a tolerance zone existing of parallel surfaces surrounding the
measured profile.

When Used:
Profile is the catch-all symbol for surface control in GD&T. If it cannot be controlled
with another symbol, profile is your best bet. When used with datums it can control
every aspect of a features geometry which includes size, location, orientation and
form.

Profile of a surface can be used for advanced curved surfaces, such as when a
surface curves in multiple axes at once. Commonly, casted parts call out surface
profile when the surface is curved to control the amount of variation. Other uses
could be an airplane wing, complex surfacing designs in automotive engineering,
each requiring to fit between two parallel surfaces of the same shape to ensure the
profiles are always consistent. Both profile of a line or profile of a surface can be
called out on such surfaces, however surface profile is more common.

Example:
If you have a curved surface and want to ensure that every point falls within a
specific tolerance range, you would call out profile of a surface.

This could be considered an advanced curve that could only be controlled with use
of a profile tolerance. The entire surface
would have to be measured, usually with a CMM and then determined if the whole
surface falls between the tolerance zones. Note: Profile only controls the variance of
the points in relationship to each other along the surface, similar to the flatness
tolerance.

Final Notes to Remember:


Used with Surface Profile
Sometimes profile of a line is used in conjunction with profile of a surface. In these
cases the line profile tolerance will be tighter than the surface tolerance. This
ensures that along any specific cross section of the profile, the part will be tightly
controlled, while at a looser extent, the total profile is also controlled.
Profile of a Line

GD&T Symbol:
Relative to Datum: Optional
MMC or LMC applicable: No
Drawing Callout:

Description:
Profile of a line describes a tolerance zone around any line in any feature, usually of
a curved shape. Profile of a line is a 2-Dimensional tolerance range that can be
applied to any linear tolerance. If it is called out on a surface, like a radius on a part
profile of a line would specify how much that cross-section could vary from a true
curved radius. Profile of a line takes a cross section at any point along the surface
and sets a tolerance zone on either side of the profile. The profile of a line callout
can also be set with an all-around leader or given a specific range (see example).

GD&T Tolerance Zone:


2-Dimensional tolerance zone existing of two parallel curves that follow the contour
of the true surface profile. The application on where the tolerance zone applies can
be specified on the drawing. This tolerance zone may or may not be referenced by a
datum.
Gauging / Measurement:
Profile of a line is measured using a gauge that is referenced to the true profile at the
given specific cross section. Because there are an infinite amount of 2D cross
sections of any part, the number or locations of measurement points can be
specified on the drawing. Profile is usually measured using a CMM for more complex
geometries.

Relation to Other GD&T Symbols:


Profile of a line is of course closely related to profile of a surface. The difference
being that profile of a line takes only the measurement at a specific cross section,
and does not take into account the variance of one cross section to the next.
Profile of a line can also be thought to be similar to straightness or circularity. All
three tolerance symbols specify how much a cross section can vary whether in a
straight line, a circle or in a custom profile shape. They all have a tolerance zone
existing of parallel lines surrounding the measured profile in a 2-Dimensional cross
section.

When Used:
Profile of a line is used for advanced curved surfaces, such as when a feature curves
in multiple axes at once. A common use of line profile would be if you were
comparing a curving surface such as the hood of a car, or an airplane wing. With an
airplane wing, each cross section would need to be a different profile shape and
require multiple measurements to ensure at each location the profile tolerance is
met. Both profile of a line or profile of a surface can be called out on such surfaces.

Example:
If you have a curved surface that would need to be in specification along all of its
cross sections as shown below.
Note: All dimensionless values are considered basic.
This could be considered an advanced curve that could only be controlled with use
of a profile tolerance if required. The part is only measured from point C to D for
each cross section.

Note: The profile of a line tolerance does not control the specific dimension that
every surface point is located that is done by the dimensions of the part. It only
controls the how tightly the points fall into a true curve, similar to the circularity
tolerance.

Final Notes to Remember:


Used with Surface Profile:
Sometimes profile of a line is used in conjunction with profile of a surface. In these
cases the line profile tolerance will be tighter than the surface tolerance. This
ensures that along any specific cross section of the profile, the profile remains true,
while also ensuring that each cross section of the part would be within a wider
tolerance range when compared together.

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