Shigley Solve Cap. 5 &6
Shigley Solve Cap. 5 &6
Shigley Solve Cap. 5 &6
Chapter 5
5-1
Sy
MSS: 1 3 = S y /n n=
1 3
Sy
DE: n=
1/2 2 1/2
= A2 A B + B2 = x x y + y2 + 3x2y
(a) MSS: 1 = 12, 2 = 6, 3 = 0 kpsi
50
n= = 4.17 Ans.
12
50
DE: = (122 6(12) + 62 ) 1/2 = 10.39 kpsi, n= = 4.81 Ans.
10.39
12 12 2
(b) A , B = + (8) 2 = 16, 4 kpsi
2 2
1 = 16, 2 = 0, 3 = 4 kpsi
50
MSS: n= = 2.5 Ans.
16 (4)
50
DE: = (122 + 3(82 )) 1/2 = 18.33 kpsi, n = = 2.73 Ans.
18.33
6 10 6 + 10 2
(c) A , B = + (5) 2 = 2.615, 13.385 kpsi
2 2
1 = 0, 2 = 2.615, 3 = 13.385 kpsi
B
50
MSS: n= = 3.74 Ans.
0 (13.385)
DE: = [(6) 2 (6)(10) + (10) 2 + 3(5) 2 ]1/2 A
= 12.29 kpsi
50
n= = 4.07 Ans.
12.29
12 + 4 12 4 2
(d) A , B = + 12 = 12.123, 3.877 kpsi
2 2
1 = 12.123, 2 = 3.877, 3 = 0 kpsi
50
MSS: n= = 4.12 Ans.
12.123 0
DE: = [122 12(4) + 42 + 3(12 )]1/2 = 10.72 kpsi
50
n= = 4.66 Ans.
10.72
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5-2 S y = 50 kpsi
Sy
MSS: 1 3 = S y /n n=
1 3
2 1/2 1/2
DE: A A B + B2 = S y /n n = S y / A2 A B + B2
50
(a) MSS: 1 = 12 kpsi, 3 = 0, n = = 4.17 Ans.
12 0
50
DE: n= = 4.17 Ans.
[122 (12)(12) + 122 ]1/2
50
(b) MSS: 1 = 12 kpsi, 3 = 0, n = = 4.17 Ans.
12
50
DE: n= = 4.81 Ans.
[122 (12)(6) + 62 ]1/2
50
(c) MSS: 1 = 12 kpsi, 3 = 12 kpsi, n = = 2.08 Ans.
12 (12)
50
DE: n= = 2.41 Ans.
[122 (12)(12) + (12) 2 ]1/3
50
(d) MSS: 1 = 0, 3 = 12 kpsi, n = = 4.17 Ans.
(12)
50
DE: n= = 4.81
[(6) 2 (6)(12) + (12) 2 ]1/2
Chapter 5 117
160 160 2
(c) A , B = + 1002 = 48.06, 208.06 MPa = 1 , 3
2 2
390
MSS: n= = 1.52 Ans.
48.06 (208.06)
390
DE: n= = 1.65 Ans.
[160 + 3(1002 )]1/2
2
118 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
5-5
OB 2.23
(a) MSS: n= = = 2.1
OA 1.08
OC 2.56
DE: n= = = 2.4
OA 1.08
OE 1.65
(b) MSS: n= = = 1.5
OD 1.10
OF 1.8
DE: n= = = 1.6
OD 1.1
(a)
C
B
Scale
1" 200 MPa
O A
D
E F (b)
G K
L
(d)
I
(c)
OH 1.68
(c) MSS: n= = = 1.6
OG 1.05
OI 1.85
DE: n= = = 1.8
OG 1.05
OK 1.38
(d) MSS: n= = = 1.3
OJ 1.05
OL 1.62
DE: n= = = 1.5
OJ 1.05
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Chapter 5 119
(a)
C
B
H
J
I
(c)
L
(d)
OH 1.55
(c) MSS: n= = = 1.2
OG 1.3
OI 1.8
DE: n= = = 1.4
OG 1.3
OK 2.82
(d) MSS: n= = = 2.2
OJ 1.3
OL 3.1
DE: n= = = 2.4
OJ 1.3
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100
MNS: Eq. (5-30b) n= = 6.25 Ans.
16
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Chapter 5 121
1 4 (16)
BCM: Eq. (5-31b) = n = 3.41 Ans.
n 30 100
1 (100 30)4 16
MM: Eq. (5-32b) = n = 3.95 Ans.
n 100(30) 100
B
O
A
C
E
D (b)
K
F
J
L
(c) (d)
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122 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
OB 1.55
(a) For all methods: n= = = 1.5
OA 1.03
OD 1.4
(b) BCM: n= = = 1.75
OC 0.8
OE 1.55
All other methods: n= = = 1.9
OC 0.8
OL 5.2
(c) For all methods: n= = = 7.6
OK 0.68
OJ 5.12
(d) MNS: n= = = 6.2
OF 0.82
OG 2.85
BCM: n= = = 3.5
OF 0.82
OH 3.3
MM: n= = = 4.0
OF 0.82
5-9 Given: S y = 42 kpsi, Sut = 66.2 kpsi, f = 0.90. Since f > 0.05, the material is ductile and
thus we may follow convention by setting S yc = S yt .
Use DE theory for analytical solution. For , use Eq. (5-13) or (5-15) for plane stress and
Eq. (5-12) or (5-14) for general 3-D.
Chapter 5 123
(d)
H
1 cm 10 kpsi
G
O
A
C (b)
D
A
B (a)
F
(c)
5-10 This heat-treated steel exhibits S yt = 235 kpsi, S yc = 275 kpsi and f = 0.06. The steel is
ductile ( f > 0.05) but of unequal yield strengths. The Ductile Coulomb-Mohr hypothesis
(DCM) of Fig. 5-19 applies confine its use to first and fourth quadrants.
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124 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
O A
C (b)
D
B (a)
F
(c)
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Chapter 5 125
5-11 The material is brittle and exhibits unequal tensile and compressive strengths. Decision:
Use the Modified Mohr theory.
Sut = 22 kpsi, Suc = 83 kpsi
(a) x = 9 kpsi, y = 5 kpsi. A , B = 9, 5 kpsi. For the fourth quadrant,
| BA | = 59 < 1, use Eq. (5-32a)
Sut 22
n= = = 2.44 Ans.
A 9
(b) x = 12 kpsi, x y = 3 kpsi ccw. A , B = 12.7, 0.708 kpsi. For the fourth quad-
rant, | BA | = 012
.708
.7 < 1,
Sut 22
n= = = 1.73 Ans.
A 12.7
(c) x = 4 kpsi, y = 9 kpsi, x y = 5 kpsi . A , B = 0.910, 12.09 kpsi. For the
third quadrant, no solution exists; however, use Eq. (6-32c)
83
n= = 6.87 Ans.
12.09
(d) x = 11 kpsi, y = 4 kpsi,x y = 1 kpsi. A , B = 11.14, 3.86 kpsi. For the first quadrant
SA S yt 22
n= = = = 1.97 Ans.
A A 11.14
B
30
Sut 22
(d )
A
30
(b)
(a)
50
Sut 83
(c) 90
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.
5-12 Since f < 0.05, the material is brittle. Thus, Sut = Suc and we may use MM which is
basically the same as MNS.
(a) A , B = 9, 5 kpsi
35
n= = 3.89 Ans.
9
(b) A , B = 12.7, 0.708 kpsi
35
n= = 2.76 Ans.
12.7
(c) A , B = 0.910, 12.09 kpsi (3rd quadrant)
36
n= = 2.98 Ans. B
12.09
(d) A , B = 11.14, 3.86 kpsi
35
n= = 3.14 Ans.
11.14
1 cm 10 kpsi
G
OB 4
(a) n = = = 4.0 Ans. A
OA 1 O
C D (b)
A
OD 3.45
(b) n = = = 2.70 Ans. E
OC 1.28
OF 3.7 B (a)
(c) n = = = 2.85 Ans. (3rd quadrant)
OE 1.3
F
OH 3.6
(d) n = = = 3.13 Ans. (c)
OG 1.15
Chapter 5 127
(109 30)15 25 1
Eq. (5-32b): =
109(30) 109 n
n = 1.69 Ans.
OB 4.25
(a) n = = = 1.50
OA 2.83
OD 4.24 B
(b) n = = = 2.00 B (a)
OC 2.12
OF 15.5
(c) n = = = 1.37 (3rd quadrant) A
OE 11.3
OH 4.9
(d) n = = = 1.69
OG 2.9
O A
1 cm 10 kpsi
G
D
(b)
(d)
F
(c)
5-14 Given: AISI 1006 CD steel, F = 0.55 N, P = 8.0 kN, and T = 30 N m, applying the
DE theory to stress elements A and B with Sy = 280 MPa
32Fl 4P 32(0.55)(103 )(0.1) 4(8)(103 )
A: x = + = +
d 3 d 2 (0.0203 ) (0.0202 )
= 95.49(106 ) Pa = 95.49 MPa
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16T 16(30)
x y = = = 19.10(106 ) Pa = 19.10 MPa
d 3 (0.0203 )
1/2
= x2 + 3x2y = [95.492 + 3(19.1) 2 ]1/2 = 101.1 MPa
Sy 280
n=
= = 2.77 Ans.
101.1
4P 4(8)(103 )
B: x = = = 25.47(106 ) Pa = 25.47 MPa
d 3 (0.020 )
2
16T 4V 16(30) 4 0.55(103 )
x y = + = +
d 3 3 A (0.0203 ) 3 (/4)(0.0202 )
= 21.43(106 ) Pa = 21.43 MPa
= [25.472 + 3(21.432 )]1/2 = 45.02 MPa
280
n= = 6.22 Ans.
45.02
5-15 S y = 32 kpsi
32M 32(1140)
x = = = 27 520 psi
d 3 (3/4) 3
16T 16(760)
zx = = = 9175 psi
d 3 (3/4) 3
2
27 520
max = + 91752 = 16 540 psi
2
Sy 32
n= = = 0.967 Ans.
2max 2(16.54)
MSS predicts yielding
5-16 From Prob. 4-15, x = 27.52 kpsi, zx = 9.175 kpsi. For Eq. (5-15), adjusted for coordinates,
1/2
= 27.522 + 3(9.175) 2 = 31.78 kpsi
Sy 32
n=
= = 1.01 Ans.
31.78
DE predicts no yielding, but it is extremely close. Shaft size should be increased.
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Chapter 5 129
130 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
5-18 For a thin walled cylinder made of AISI 1018 steel, S y = 54 kpsi, Sut = 64 kpsi.
The state of stress is
pd p(8) pd
t = = = 40 p, l = = 20 p, r = p
4t 4(0.05) 8t
These three are all principal stresses. Therefore,
1
= [(1 2 ) 2 + (2 3 ) 2 + (3 1 ) 2 ]1/2
2
1
= [(40 p 20 p) 2 + (20 p + p) 2 + ( p 40 p) 2 ]
2
= 35.51 p = 54 p = 1.52 kpsi (for yield) Ans.
. .
For rupture, 35.51 p = 64 p = 1.80 kpsi Ans.
5-19 For hot-forged AISI steel w = 0.282 lbf/in3 , S y = 30 kpsi and = 0.292. Then = w/g =
0.282/386 lbf s2 /in; ri = 3 in; ro = 5 in; ri2 = 9; ro2 = 25; 3 + = 3.292; 1 + 3 = 1.876.
Eq. (3-55) for r = ri becomes
3+ 1 + 3
t = 2
2ro + ri 1
2 2
8 3+
Rearranging and substituting the above values:
Sy 0.282 3.292 1.876
= 50 + 9 1
2 386 8 3.292
= 0.016 19
Setting the tangential stress equal to the yield stress,
30 000 1/2
= = 1361 rad/s
0.016 19
or n = 60/2 = 60(1361)/(2)
= 13 000 rev/min
= 0.001 2032
Applying Eq. (3-55) for t
2 0.282 3.292 9(25) 1.876(15)
t = 9 + 25 +
386 8 15 3.292
= 0.012 162
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Chapter 5 131
5-21 Table A-20 gives S y as 320 MPa. The maximum significant stress condition occurs at ri
where 1 = r = 0, 2 = 0, and 3 = t . From Eq. (3-49) for r = ri , pi = 0,
2ro2 po 2(1502 ) po
t = = = 3.6 po
ro2 ri2 1502 1002
= 3.6 po = S y = 320
320
po = = 88.9 MPa Ans.
3.6
5-22 Sut = 30 kpsi, w = 0.260 lbf/in3 , = 0.211, 3 + = 3.211, 1 + 3 = 1.633. At the inner
radius, from Prob. 5-19
t 3+ 1 + 3 2
= 2ro + ri
2 2
r
2 8 3+ i
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y
223 lbf 127 lbf
B C
A D
8" 8" 6"
350 lbf
xy plane
In the x z plane, M B = 848 lbf in and MC = 1686 lbf in. The resultants are
M B = [(1784) 2 + (848) 2 ]1/2 = 1975 lbf in
MC = [(1686) 2 + (762) 2 ]1/2 = 1850 lbf in
So point B governs and the stresses are
16T 16(1000) 5093
x y = = = 3 psi
d 3 d 3 d
32M B 32(1975) 20 120
x = = = psi
d 3 d 3 d3
Then 2 1/2
x x
A, B = + x y
2
2 2
1/2
2
1 20.12 20.12
A, B = 3 + (5.09) 2
d 2 2
(10.06 11.27)
= kpsi in3
d3
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Chapter 5 133
Then
10.06 + 11.27 21.33
A = 3
= kpsi
d d3
and
10.06 11.27 1.21
B = 3
= 3 kpsi
d d
For this state of stress, use the Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr theory for illustration. Here we use
Sut (min) = 25 kpsi, Suc (min) = 97 kpsi, and Eq. (5-31b) to arrive at
21.33 1.21 1
3
3
=
25d 97d 2.8
Solving gives d = 1.34 in. So use d = 1 3/8 in Ans.
Note that this has been solved as a statics problem. Fatigue will be considered in the next
chapter.
5-24 As in Prob. 5-23, we will assume this to be statics problem. Since the proportions are un-
changed, the bearing reactions will be the same as in Prob. 5-23. Thus
x y plane: M B = 223(4) = 892 lbf in
x z plane: M B = 106(4) = 424 lbf in
So
Mmax = [(892) 2 + (424) 2 ]1/2 = 988 lbf in
32M B 32(988) 10 060
x = = = psi
d 3 d 3 d3
Since the torsional stress is unchanged,
x z = 5.09/d 3 kpsi
1/2
2
1 10.06 10.06
A, B = 3 + (5.09) 2
d 2 2
134 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
ROy = 193.7 lbf 246.3 lbf ROz = 233.5 lbf 676.6 lbf
A B C A B C
O x O x
20" 16" 10" 20" 16" 10"
RBy = 158.1 lbf z RBz = 807.5 lbf
281.9 lbf 102.6 lbf
xy plane xz plane
M A = 20 193.72 + 233.52 = 6068 lbf in
M B = 10 246.32 + 676.62 = 7200 lbf in (maximum)
32(7200) 73 340
x = =
d 3 d3
16(3383) 17 230
x y = =
d 3 d3
1/2 Sy
= x2 + 3x2y =
n
2 1/2
73 340 17 230 2 79 180 60 000
3
+3 3
= 3
=
d d d 3.5
y 107.0 N 252.6 N
Chapter 5 135
M A = 0.3 163.42 + 1072 = 58.59 N m (maximum)
M B = 0.15 89.22 + 174.42 = 29.38 N m
32(58.59) 596.8
x = =
d 3 d3
16(33) 168.1
x y = =
d 3 d3
1/2
2
2 1/2 596.8 2 168.1 2 664.0 370(106 )
= x + 3x y = +3 = =
d3 d3 d3 3.0
136 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
5-31
When the ring is set, the hoop tension in the ring is
w
equal to the screw tension.
dF
ri2 pi ro2
t = 2 1+ 2
r ro ri2 r
We have the hoop tension at any radius. The differential hoop tension d F is
d F = wt dr
ro ro
wri2 pi ro2
F= wt dr = 2 1 + 2 dr = wri pi (1)
ri ro ri2 ri r
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Chapter 5 137
5-32
(a) From Prob. 5-31, T = 0.2Fi d
T 190
Fi = = = 3800 lbf Ans.
0.2d 0.2(0.25)
(b) From Prob. 5-31, F = wri pi
F Fi 3800
pi = = = = 15 200 psi Ans.
wri wri 0.5(0.5)
ri2 pi ro2 pi ri2 + ro2
(c) t = 2 1+ =
ro ri2 r r=ri ro2 ri2
15 200(0.52 + 12 )
= = 25 333 psi Ans.
12 0.52
r = pi = 15 200 psi
1 3 t r
(d) max = =
2 2
25 333 (15 200)
= = 20 267 psi Ans.
2
1/2
= A2 + B2 A B
= [25 3332 + (15 200) 2 25 333(15 200)]1/2
= 35 466 psi Ans.
(e) Maximum Shear hypothesis
Ssy 0.5S y 0.5(63)
n= = = = 1.55 Ans.
max max 20.267
Distortion Energy theory
Sy 63
n= = = 1.78 Ans.
35 466
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138 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
5-33
1"R
re The moment about the center caused by force F
1"
is Fre where re is the effective radius. This is
R
2 balanced by the moment about the center
caused by the tangential (hoop) stress.
ro
Fre = rt w dr
t ri
wpi r 2 ro ro2
r = 2 i2 r+ dr
r o ri ri r
wpi ri2 ro2 ri2 r o
re = 2 + ro2 ln
F ro ri2 2 ri
Chapter 5 139
5-36 Max. shrink-fit conditions: Diametral interference d = 50.01 49.97 = 0.04 mm. Equa-
tion (3-57) using diametral values:
207(103 )0.04 (752 502 )(502 252 )
p= = 38.81 MPa Ans.
503 2(752 252 )
2
50 + 252
Eq. (3-58): (t ) i = 38.81 = 64.68 MPa
502 252
(r ) i = 38.81 MPa
Eq. (5-13):
1/2
i = (64.68) 2 (64.68)(38.81) + (38.81) 2
140 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
5-37
1.9998 1.999
= = 0.0004 in
2 2
Eq. (3-56)
2 2
p(1) 2 + 12 p(1) 1 +0
0.0004 = + 0.211 + 0.292
14.5(106 ) 22 12 30(106 ) 12 0
p = 2613 psi
Applying Eq. (4-58) at R,
22 + 12
(t ) o = 2613 2 = 4355 psi
2 12
(r ) o = 2613 psi, Sut = 20 kpsi, Suc = 83 kpsi
o 2613
=
4355 < 1, use Eq. (5-32a)
A
Outer member:
1.752 (2.997)
Outer radius: (t ) o = (2) = 19.58 kpsi, (r ) o = 0
22 1.752
1.752 (2.997) 22
Inner radius: (t ) i = 2 1+ = 22.58 kpsi, (r ) i = 2.997 kpsi
2 1.752 1.752
Bending:
6.000(2/2)
ro : (x ) o = = 11.18 kpsi
0.5369
6.000(1.75/2)
ri : (x ) i = = 9.78 kpsi
0.5369
Torsion: J = 2I = 1.0738 in4
8.000(2/2)
ro : (x y ) o = = 7.45 kpsi
1.0738
8.000(1.75/2)
ri : (x y ) i = = 6.52 kpsi
1.0738
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Chapter 5 141
2.997 kpsi
9.78 kpsi
22.58 kpsi
x y
6.52 kpsi
5-39 From Prob. 5-38: p = 2.997 kpsi, I = 0.5369 in4 , J = 1.0738 in4
Inner member:
(0.8752 + 0.752 )
Outer radius: (t ) o = 2.997 = 19.60 kpsi
(0.8752 0.752 )
(r ) o = 2.997 kpsi
2(2.997)(0.8752 )
Inner radius: (t ) i = = 22.59 kpsi
0.8752 0.752
(r ) i = 0
Bending:
6(0.875)
ro : (x ) o = = 9.78 kpsi
0.5369
6(0.75)
ri : (x ) i = = 8.38 kpsi
0.5369
Torsion:
8(0.875)
ro : (x y ) o = = 6.52 kpsi
1.0738
8(0.75)
ri : (x y ) i = = 5.59 kpsi
1.0738
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The inner radius is in plane stress: x = 8.38 kpsi, y = 22.59 kpsi, x y = 5.59 kpsi
i = [8.382 (8.38)(22.59) + (22.59) 2 + 3(5.592 )]1/2 = 29.4 kpsi
Sy 60
ni = = = 2.04 Ans.
i 29.4
Outer radius experiences a radial stress, r
1
1/2
o = (19.60 + 2.997) 2 + (2.997 9.78) 2 + (9.78 + 19.60) 2 + 6(6.52) 2
2
= 27.9 kpsi
60
no = = 2.15 Ans.
27.9
5-40
1 KI KI 3 2
p = 2 cos sin cos sin
2 2r 2 2r 2 2 2
1/2
KI 3 2
+ sin cos cos
2r 2 2 2
1/2
KI 3 3
= cos sin2 cos2 sin2 + sin2 cos2 cos2
2r 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
KI KI
= cos cos sin = cos 1 sin
2r 2 2 2 2r 2 2
Plane stress: The third principal stress is zero and
KI KI
1 = cos 1 + sin , 2 = cos 1 sin , 3 = 0 Ans.
2r 2 2 2r 2 2
Plane strain: 1 and 2 equations still valid however,
KI
3 = (x + y ) = 2 cos Ans.
2r 2
5-41 For = 0 and plane strain, the principal stress equations of Prob. 5-40 give
KI KI
1 = 2 = , 3 = 2 = 21
2r 2r
1
(a) DE: [(1 1 ) 2 + (1 21 ) 2 + (21 1 ) 2 ]1/2 = S y
2
1 21 = S y
1 1
For = , 12 1 = S y 1 = 3S y Ans.
3 3
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Chapter 5 143
(b) MSS: 1 3 = S y 1 21 = S y
1
= 1 = 3S y Ans.
3
2
3 = 1
3
F
Eq. (6-51) 70 = 1.3 (0.625)
4(0.5)
F = 76.9 kips Ans.
5-43 Given: a = 12.5 mm, K I c = 80 MPa m, S y = 1200 MPa, Sut = 1350 MPa
350 350 50
ro = = 175 mm, ri = = 150 mm
2 2
12.5
a/(ro ri ) = = 0.5
175 150
150
ri /ro = = 0.857
175
.
Fig. 5-30: = 2.5
Eq. (5-37): K I c = a
80 = 2.5 (0.0125)
= 161.5 MPa
Eq. (3-50) at r = ro :
ri2 pi
t = (2)
ro2 ri2
1502 pi (2)
161.5 =
1752 1502
pi = 29.2 MPa Ans.
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144 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
5-44
(a) First convert the data to radial dimensions to agree with the formulations of Fig. 3-33.
Thus
ro = 0.5625 0.001in
ri = 0.1875 0.001 in
Ro = 0.375 0.0002 in
Ri = 0.376 0.0002 in
The stochastic nature of the dimensions affects the = |Ri | |Ro | relation in
Eq. (3-57) but not the others. Set R = (1/2)( Ri + Ro ) = 0.3755. From Eq. (3-57)
E ro2 R 2 R 2 ri2
p=
R 2R 2 ro2 ri2
= 0.000 070 7 in
Then
0.000 070 7
C = = = 0.0707
0.001
The tangential inner-cylinder stress at the shrink-fit surface is given by
R 2 + ri2
it = p
R 2 ri2
0.37552 + 0.18752
= 18.70(10 ) 6
0.37552 0.18752
= 31.1(106 )
it = 31.1(106 ) = 31.1(106 )(0.001)
= 31.1(103 ) psi
Also
it = |C it | = 0.0707(31.1)103
= 2899 psi
it = N(31 100, 2899) psi Ans.
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Chapter 5 145
(b) The tangential stress for the outer cylinder at the shrink-fit surface is given by
2
ro + R 2
ot = p 2
ro R 2
0.56252 + 0.37552
= 18.70(10 )
6
0.56252 0.37552
= 48.76(106 ) psi
ot = 48.76(106 )(0.001) = 48.76(103 ) psi
ot = C ot = 0.0707(48.76)(103 ) = 34.45 psi
5-45 From Prob. 5-44, at the fit surface ot = N(48.8, 3.45) kpsi. The radial stress is the fit
pressure which was found to be
p = 18.70(106 )
p = 18.70(106 )(0.001) = 18.7(103 ) psi
p = C p = 0.0707(18.70)(103 )
= 1322 psi
and so
p = N(18.7, 1.32) kpsi
and
or = N(18.7, 1.32) kpsi
These represent the principal stresses. The von Mises stress is next assessed.
A = 48.8 kpsi, B = 18.7 kpsi
k = B / A = 18.7/48.8 = 0.383
= A (1 k + k 2 ) 1/2
= 48.8[1 (0.383) + (0.383) 2 ]1/2
= 60.4 kpsi
= C p = 0.0707(60.4) = 4.27 kpsi
146 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
5-46
pd 6000N(1, 0.083 33)(0.75)
t = =
2t 2(0.125)
= 18N(1, 0.083 33) kpsi
Chapter 6
Note to the instructor: Many of the problems in this chapter are carried over from the previous
edition. The solutions have changed slightly due to some minor changes. First, the calculation
of the endurance limit of a rotating-beam specimen Se is given by Se = 0.5Sut instead of
Se = 0.504Sut . Second, when the fatigue stress calculation is made for deterministic problems,
only one approach is given, which uses the notch sensitivity factor, q, together with Eq. (6-32).
Neubers equation, Eq. (6-33), is simply another form of this. These changes were made to hope-
fully make the calculations less confusing, and diminish the idea that stress life calculations are
precise.
6-1 H B = 490
Eq. (2-17): Sut = 0.495(490) = 242.6 kpsi > 212 kpsi
Eq. (6-8): Se = 100 kpsi
Table 6-2: a = 1.34, b = 0.085
Eq. (6-19): ka = 1.34(242.6) 0.085 = 0.840
1/4 0.107
Eq. (6-20): kb = = 1.02
0.3
Eq. (6-18): Se = ka kb Se = 0.840(1.02)(100) = 85.7 kpsi Ans.
6-2
(a) Sut = 68 kpsi, Se = 0.5(68) = 34 kpsi Ans.
(b) Sut = 112 kpsi, Se = 0.5(112) = 56 kpsi Ans.
(c) 2024T3 has no endurance limit Ans.
(d) Eq. (6-8): Se = 100 kpsi Ans.
6-3
Eq. (2-11): F = 0 m = 115(0.90) 0.22 = 112.4 kpsi
Eq. (6-8): Se = 0.5(66.2) = 33.1 kpsi
log(112.4/33.1)
Eq. (6-12): b= = 0.084 26
log(2 106 )
112.4
Eq. (6-10): f = (2 103 ) 0.084 26 = 0.8949
66.2
[0.8949(66.2)]2
Eq. (6-14): a= = 106.0 kpsi
33.1
Eq. (6-13): S f = a N b = 106.0(12 500) 0.084 26 = 47.9 kpsi Ans.
1/b 36 1/0.084 26
a
Eq. (6-16): N= = = 368 250 cycles Ans.
a 106.0
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148 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
6-4 From S f = a N b
log S f = log a + b log N
Substituting (1, Sut )
log Sut = log a + b log (1)
From which a = Sut
Substituting (10 , f Sut ) and a = Sut
3
6-5 Read from graph: (103, 90) and (106, 50). From S = a N b
log S1 = log a + b log N1
log S2 = log a + b log N2
From which
log S1 log N2 log S2 log N1
log a =
log N2 /N1
log 90 log 106 log 50 log 103
=
log 106 /103
= 2.2095
a = 10log a = 102.2095 = 162.0
log 50/90
b= = 0.085 09
3
(S f ) ax = 1620.085 09 103 N 106 in kpsi Ans.
Check:
103 (S f ) ax = 162(103 ) 0.085 09 = 90 kpsi
106 (S f ) ax = 162(106 ) 0.085 09 = 50 kpsi
The end points agree.
6-6
Eq. (6-8): Se = 0.5(710) = 355 MPa
Table 6-2: a = 4.51, b = 0.265
Eq. (6-19): ka = 4.51(710) 0.265 = 0.792
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Chapter 6 149
0.107 0.107
d 32
Eq. (6-20): kb = = = 0.858
7.62 7.62
6-8
2.5 mm (a) For an AISI 1018 CD-machined steel, the strengths are
440
Eq. (2-17): Sut = 440 MPa HB = = 129
20 mm 25 mm 3.41
S y = 370 MPa
Ssu = 0.67(440) = 295 MPa
r 2.5 D 25
Fig. A-15-15: = = 0.125, = = 1.25, K ts = 1.4
d 20 d 20
Fig. 6-21: qs = 0.94
Eq. (6-32): K f s = 1 + 0.94(1.4 1) = 1.376
For a purely reversing torque of 200 N m
K f s 16T 1.376(16)(200 103 N mm)
max = =
d 3 (20 mm) 3
max = 175.2 MPa = a
150 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
6-9
F 1 kN
800 mm
f = 0.9
b n = 1.5
b N = 104 cycles
For AISI 1045 HR steel, Sut = 570 MPa and Sy = 310 MPa
Se = 0.5(570 MPa) = 285 MPa
Find an initial guess based on yielding:
Mc M(b/2) 6M
a = max = = 3
= 3
I b(b )/12 b
Mmax = (1 kN)(800 mm) = 800 N m
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Chapter 6 151
6-10
10
Fa 12 Fa
60
1018
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152 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
Chapter 6 153
0.107
2.00
kb = = 0.816
0.30
Se = 0.759(0.816)(60) = 37.2 kpsi
[0.9(120)]2
a= = 313.5
37.2
1 0.9(120)
b = log = 0.15429
3 37.2
S f = 313.5(3450) 0.15429 = 89.2 kpsi
M 30 305.6
0 = = =
I /c 0.098 17d 3 d3
305.6
= = 38.2 kpsi
23
d 2
r= = = 0.2
10 10
Fig. 6-20: q = 0.87
Eq. (6-32): Kf =
1 + 0.87(1.68 1) = 1.59
6-12
Yield: max = [1722 + 3(1032 )]1/2 = 247.8 kpsi
n y = S y /max = 413/247.8 = 1.67 Ans.
a = 172 MPa m = 3m = 3(103) = 178.4 MPa
154 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
6-13
Yield: max = [692 + 3(138) 2 ]1/2 = 248.8 MPa
Sy 413
ny =
= = 1.66 Ans.
max 248.8
a = 69 MPa, m = 3(138) = 239 MPa
(a) Modified Goodman, Table 6-6
1
nf = = 1.46 Ans.
(69/276) + (239/551)
(b) Gerber, Table 6-7
2
2
1 551 69 2(239)(276)
nf = 1 + 1 + = 1.73 Ans.
2 239 276 551(69)
6-14
Yield: max = [832 + 3(103 + 69) 2 ]1/2 = 309.2 MPa
Sy 413
ny =
= = 1.34 Ans.
max 309.3
a = a2 + 3a2 = 832 + 3(692 ) = 145.5 MPa, m = 3(103) = 178.4 MPa
Chapter 6 155
6-15
max = a = 3(207) = 358.5 MPa, m = 0
413
Yield: 358.5 = n y = 1.15 Ans.
ny
(a) Modified Goodman, Table 6-6
1
nf = = 0.77 Ans.
(358.5/276)
(b) Gerber criterion of Table 6-7 does not work; therefore use Eq. (6-47).
a Se 276
nf =1 nf = = = 0.77 Ans.
Se a 358.5
(c) ASME-Elliptic, Table 6-8
2
1
nf = = 0.77 Ans.
358.5/276
Let f = 0.9 to assess the cycles to failure by fatigue
[0.9(551)]2
Eq. (6-14): a= = 891.0 MPa
276
1 0.9(551)
Eq. (6-15): b = log = 0.084 828
3 276
358.5 1/0.084 828
Eq. (6-16): N= = 45 800 cycles Ans.
891.0
6-16
max = [1032 + 3(103) 2 ]1/2 = 206 MPa
Sy 413
ny =
= = 2.00 Ans.
max 206
a = 3(103) = 178.4 MPa, m = 103 MPa
156 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
3.000 + 0.800
= 2.16 = 14.6 kpsi
2(0.2813)
6-18 Referring to the solution of Prob. 6-17, for load fluctuations of 800 to 3000 lbf
3.000 (0.800)
a = 2.16 = 14.59 kpsi
2(0.2813)
3.000 + (0.800)
m = 2.16 = 8.45 kpsi
2(0.2813)
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Chapter 6 157
6-19 Referring to the solution of Prob. 6-17, for load fluctuations of 800 to 3000 lbf
0.800 (3.000)
a = 2.16 = 14.59 kpsi
2(0.2813)
0.800 + (3.000)
m = 2.16 = 8.45 kpsi
2(0.2813)
(a) We have a compressive midrange stress for which the failure locus is horizontal at the
Se level.
Se 24.4
nf = = = 1.67 Ans.
a 14.59
(b) Same as (a)
Se 24.4
nf = = = 1.67 Ans.
a 14.59
6-20
Sut = 0.495(380) = 188.1 kpsi
Se = 0.5(188.1) = 94.05 kpsi
ka = 14.4(188.1) 0.718 = 0.335
For a non-rotating round bar in bending, Eq. (6-24) gives: de = 0.370d = 0.370(3/8) =
0.1388 in
0.1388 0.107
kb = = 1.086
0.3
Se = 0.335(1.086)(94.05) = 34.22 kpsi
30 15 30 + 15
Fa = = 7.5 lbf, Fm = = 22.5 lbf
2 2
32Mm 32(22.5)(16)
m = = (103 ) = 69.54 kpsi
d 3 (0.3753 )
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158 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
32(7.5)(16)
a = (103 ) = 23.18 kpsi
(0.3753 )
23.18
r= = 0.333 0
69.54
(a) Modified Goodman, Table 6-6
1
nf = = 0.955
(23.18/34.22) + (69.54/188.1)
Since finite failure is predicted, proceed to calculate N
[0.7781(188.1)]2
Eq. (6-14): a= = 625.8 kpsi
34.22
1 0.778(188.1)
Eq. (6-15): b = log = 0.210 36
3 34.22
a m a 23.18
+ =1 Sf = = = 36.78 kpsi
Sf Sut 1 (m /Sut ) 1 (69.54/188.1)
6-21
1
(a) I = (18)(33 ) = 40.5 mm4
12
Fl 3 3E I y
y= F=
3E I l3
3(207)(109 )(40.5)(1012 )(2)(103 )
Fmin = = 50.3 N Ans.
(1003 )(109 )
6
Fmax = (50.3) = 150.9 N Ans.
2
(b) 101.5 mm F
M = 0.1015F N m
A = 3(18) = 54 mm2
M F
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Chapter 6 159
h 3
Curved beam: rn = = = 4.3281 mm
ln(ro /ri ) ln(6/3)
rc = 4.5 mm, e = rc rn = 4.5 4.3281 = 0.1719 mm
Mci F (0.1015F)(1.5 0.1719) F
i = = = 4.859F MPa
Aeri A 54(0.1719)(3)(103 ) 54
Mco F (0.1015F)(1.5 + 0.1719) F
o = = = 3.028F MPa
Aero A 54(0.1719)(6)(103 ) 54
(i ) min = 4.859(150.9) = 733.2 MPa
(i ) max = 4.859(50.3) = 244.4 MPa
(o ) max = 3.028(150.9) = 456.9 MPa
(o ) min = 3.028(50.3) = 152.3 MPa
Eq. (2-17) Sut = 3.41(490) = 1671 MPa
605
244.4
m
1504 488.4
160 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
605
Fatigue: nf = = 2.48 Thus, the spring is likely to fail in fatigue at the
244.4 inner radius. Ans.
At Outer Radius
456.9 152.3
(o ) a = = 152.3 MPa
2
456.9 + 152.3
(o ) m = = 304.6 MPa
2
Yield load line: m = 152.3 + a
Langer line: m = 1504 a = 152.3 + a
Intersection: a = 675.9 MPa, m = 828.2 MPa
675.9
ny = = 4.44
152.3
m2 + 4615.3m 3.4951(106 ) = 0
4615.3 + 4615.32 + 4(3.4951)(106 )
m = = 662.2 MPa
2
a = 662.2 152.3 = 509.9 MPa
509.9
nf = = 3.35
152.3
Thus, the spring is not likely to fail in fatigue at the outer radius. Ans.
6-22 The solution at the inner radius is the same as in Prob. 6-21. At the outer radius, the yield
solution is the same.
m
Fatigue line: a = 1 Se = m 152.3
Sut
m
605 1 = m 152.3
1671
1.362m = 757.3 m = 556.0 MPa
a = 556.0 152.3 = 403.7 MPa
403.7
nf = = 2.65 Ans.
152.3
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Chapter 6 161
6-23 Preliminaries:
Table A-20: Sut = 64 kpsi, Sy = 54 kpsi
Se = 0.5(64) = 32 kpsi
ka = 2.70(64) 0.265 = 0.897
kb = 1
kc = 0.85
Se = 0.897(1)(0.85)(32) = 24.4 kpsi
Fillet:
Fig. A-15-5: D = 3.75 in, d = 2.5 in, D/d = 3.75/2.5 = 1.5, and r/d = 0.25/2.5 = 0.10
K t = 2.1. Fig. 6-20 with r 0.25 in, q =
0.82
Eq. (6-32): K f = 1 + 0.82(2.1 1) = 1.90
4
max = = 3.2 kpsi
2.5(0.5)
16
min = = 12.8 kpsi
2.5(0.5)
3.2 (12.8)
a = 1.90 = 15.2 kpsi
2
3.2 + (12.8)
m = 1.90 = 9.12 kpsi
2
S y 54
n y = = = 4.22
min 12.8
2.67 + (10.67)
m = 2.28 = 9.12 kpsi
2
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162 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
6-24
(a) Curved beam in pure bending where M = T
throughout. The maximum stress will occur at the
inner fiber where rc = 20 mm, but will be com-
T
pressive. The maximum tensile stress will occur at
T
the outer fiber where rc = 60 mm. Why?
h 5
rn = = = 19.8954 mm
ln(ro /ri ) ln (22.5/17.5)
e = 20 19.8954 = 0.1046 mm
de = 0.808[5(5)]1/2 = 4.04 mm
Chapter 6 163
3(23.35T ) 3(23.35T ) 2
+ =1
319.3 770
reduces to T 2 + 26.51T 120.83 = 0
1
T = 26.51 + 26.51 + 4(120.83) = 3.96 N m Ans.
2
2
(c) To guard against yield, use T of part (b) and the inner stress.
420
ny = = 2.03 Ans.
52.34(3.96)
6-25 From Prob. 6-24, Se = 319.3 MPa, S y = 420 MPa, and Sut = 770 MPa
(a) Assuming the beam is straight,
6M 6T
max = 2 = 3 = 48(106 )T
bh 5 [(103 ) 3 ]
24T 24T 1
Goodman: + = T = 3.13 N m Ans.
319.3 770 3
3(24)T 3(24)T 2
(b) Gerber: + =1
319.3 770
T 2 + 25.79T 114.37 = 1
1
T = 25.79 + 25.792 + 4(114.37) = 3.86 N m Ans.
2
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Chapter 6 165
= 8741P
Sy 800(106 )
ny =
= = 5.22
max 8741(17.5)103
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166 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
307.3
m
800
307.3(106 ) 307.3(106 )
nf = P= = 51.0(103 ) N
2009P 3(2009)
= 51.0 kN Ans.
800(106 )
Yield: ny = = 3.90 Ans.
2(2009)(51.0)(103 )
4Pmax (4)(80)(103 )
max = K f = 2.84 = 321.4 MPa
d 2 (0.030) 2
20
min = (321.4) = 80.4 MPa
80
D+d 0.150 + 0.03
Tmax = f Pmax = 0.3(80)(10 )
3
= 1080 N m
4 4
20
Tmin = (1080) = 270 N m
80
16Tmax 16(1080) 6
max = Kfs = 1.76 (10 ) = 358.5 MPa
d 3 (0.030) 3
20
min = (358.5) = 89.6 MPa
80
321.4 80.4
a = = 120.5 MPa
2
321.4 80.4
m = = 200.9 MPa
2
358.5 89.6
a = = 134.5 MPa
2
358.5 + 89.6
m = = 224.1 MPa
2
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Chapter 6 167
Goodman:
a 272.7
(a ) e =
= = 499.9 MPa
1 m /Sut 1 454.5/1000
Let f = 0.9
[0.9(1000)]2
a= = 2594 MPa
312.3
1 0.9(1000)
b = log = 0.1532
3 312.3
6-29
S y = 490 MPa, Sut = 590 MPa, Se = 200 MPa
420 + 140 420 140
m = = 280 MPa , a = = 140 MPa
2 2
Goodman:
a 140
(a ) e = = = 266.5 MPa > Se finite life
1 m /Sut 1 (280/590)
[0.9(590)]2
a= = 1409.8 MPa
200
1 0.9(590)
b = log = 0.141 355
3 200
266.5 1/0.143 55
N= = 131 200 cycles
1409.8
Nremaining = 131 200 50 000 = 81 200 cycles
350 + (200)
Second loading: (m ) 2 = = 75 MPa
2
350 (200)
(a ) 2 = = 275 MPa
2
275
(a ) e2 = = 315.0 MPa
1 (75/590)
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Chapter 6 169
log(1.425)
b2 = = 0.129 342
log(0.064 683)
48
a2 = = 167.14 kpsi
(15 460) 0.129 342
1/0.129 342
38
N2 = = 94 110 cycles
167.14
N R2 = 94 110 60 000 = 34 110 cycles
0.9(76) a3 (103 ) b3
= 1.8 = (0.029 317) b3
38 a3 (34 110) b3
log 1.8 38
b3 = = 0.166 531, a3 = = 216.10 kpsi
log(0.029 317) (34 110) 0.166 531
32 1/0.166 531
N3 = = 95 740 cycles Ans.
216.1
170 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
Now
.
C Se = (0.122 + 0.1392 ) 1/2 = 0.184
Se = 91.1LN(1, 0.184) kpsi Ans.
Chapter 6 171
6-34 1.25"
1.00"
M M
Rotation is presumed. M and Sut are given as deterministic, but notice that is not; there-
fore, a reliability estimation can be made.
From Eq. (6-70):
Se = 0.506(110)LN(1, 0.138)
= 55.7LN(1, 0.138) kpsi
Table 6-10:
ka = 2.67(110) 0.265 LN(1, 0.058)
= 0.768LN(1, 0.058)
Based on d = 1 in, Eq. (6-20) gives
0.107
1
kb = = 0.879
0.30
Conservatism is not necessary
Se = 0.768[LN(1, 0.058)](0.879)(55.7)[LN(1, 0.138)]
Se = 37.6 kpsi
C Se = (0.0582 + 0.1382 ) 1/2 = 0.150
Se = 37.6LN(1, 0.150)
Fig. A-15-14: D/d = 1.25, r/d = 0.125. Thus K t = 1.70 and Eqs. (6-78), (6-79) and
Table 6-15 give
1.70LN(1, 0.15)
Kf =
1 + 2/ 0.125 [(1.70 1)/(1.70)](3/110)
= 1.598LN(1, 0.15)
32M 32(1400)
= Kf = 1.598[LN(1 0.15)]
d 3 (1) 3
= 22.8LN(1, 0.15) kpsi
From Eq. (5-43), p. 242:
ln (37.6/22.8) (1 + 0.152 )/(1 + 0.152 )
z= = 2.37
ln[(1 + 0.152 )(1 + 0.152 )]
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6-35 For completely reversed torsion, ka and kb of Prob. 6-34 apply, but kc must also be con-
sidered.
Eq. 6-74: kc = 0.328(110) 0.125 LN(1, 0.125)
= 0.590LN(1, 0.125)
Note 0.590 is close to 0.577.
S Se = ka kb kc Se
= 0.768[LN(1, 0.058)](0.878)[0.590LN(1, 0.125)][55.7LN(1, 0.138)]
SSe = 0.768(0.878)(0.590)(55.7) = 22.2 kpsi
C Se = (0.0582 + 0.1252 + 0.1382 ) 1/2 = 0.195
S Se = 22.2LN(1, 0.195) kpsi
Fig. A-15-15: D/d = 1.25, r/d = 0.125, then K ts = 1.40. From Eqs. (6-78), (6-79) and
Table 6-15
1.40LN(1, 0.15)
Kts = = 1.34LN(1, 0.15)
1 + 2/ 0.125 [(1.4 1)/1.4](3/110)
16T
= Kts
d 3
16(1.4)
= 1.34[LN(1, 0.15)]
(1) 3
= 9.55LN(1, 0.15) kpsi
From Eq. (5-43), p. 242:
ln (22.2/9.55) (1 + 0.152 )/(1 + 0.1952 )
z= = 3.43
ln [(1 + 0.1952 )(1 + 0.152 )]
Chapter 6 173
6-36 1"
1 D
1"
D
4 8 Non-rotating
M M
Sut = 58 kpsi
Se = 0.506(58)LN(1, 0.138)
= 29.3LN(1, 0.138) kpsi
174 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
6-37 For a non-rotating bar subjected to completely reversed torsion of Ta = 2400 lbf in
From Prob. 6-36:
Se = 29.3LN(1, 0.138) kpsi
ka = 0.782LN(1, 0.11)
kb = 0.955
For kc use Eq. (6-74):
kc = 0.328(58) 0.125 LN(1, 0.125)
= 0.545LN(1, 0.125)
S Se = 0.782[LN(1, 0.11)](0.955)[0.545LN(1, 0.125)][29.3LN(1, 0.138)]
SSe = 0.782(0.955)(0.545)(29.3) = 11.9 kpsi
C Se = (0.112 + 0.1252 + 0.1382 ) 1/2 = 0.216
2.4(1.25/2)
= 1.403[LN(1, 0.10)]
0.2201
= 9.56LN(1, 0.10) kpsi
From Eq. (5-43), p. 242:
ln (11.9/9.56) (1 + 0.102 )/(1 + 0.2162 )
z= = 0.85
ln[(1 + 0.102 )(1 + 0.2162 )]
Table A-10, p f = 0.1977
R = 1 p f = 1 0.1977 = 0.80 Ans.
6-38 This is a very important task for the student to attempt before starting Part 3. It illustrates
the drawback of the deterministic factor of safety method. It also identifies the a priori de-
cisions and their consequences.
The range of force fluctuation in Prob. 6-23 is 16 to +4 kip, or 20 kip. Repeatedly-
applied Fa is 10 kip. The stochastic properties of this heat of AISI 1018 CD are given.
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Chapter 6 175
Function Consequences
Axial Fa = 10 kip
Fatigue load C Fa = 0
Ckc = 0.125
Overall reliability R 0.998; z = 3.09
with twin fillets C K f = 0.11
R 0.998 0.999
Cold rolled or machined Cka = 0.058
surfaces
Ambient temperature Ckd =0
Use correlation method C = 0.138
Stress amplitude CK f = 0.11
C a = 0.11
Significant strength Se C Se = (0.0582 + 0.1252 + 0.1382 ) 1/2
= 0.195
Choose the mean design factor which will meet the reliability goal
0.1952 + 0.112
Cn = = 0.223
1 + 0.112
n = exp (3.09) ln(1 + 0.2232 ) + ln 1 + 0.2232
n = 2.02
Review the number and quantitative consequences of the designers a priori decisions to
accomplish this. The operative equation is the definition of the design factor
Se
a =
n
Se K f Fa Se
a = =
n w2 h n
Solve for thickness h. To do so we need
0.265
ka = 2.67 Sut = 2.67(64) 0.265 = 0.887
kb = 1
0.078
kc = 1.23 Sut = 1.23(64) 0.078 = 0.889
kd = ke = 1
Se = 0.887(1)(0.889)(1)(1)(0.506)(64) = 25.5 kpsi
Fig. A-15-5: D = 3.75 in, d = 2.5 in, D/d = 3.75/2.5 = 1.5, r/d = 0.25/2.5 = 0.10
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176 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
K t = 2.1
2.1
K f = = 1.857
1 + 2/ 0.25 [(2.1 1)/(2.1)](4/64)
K f n Fa 1.857(2.02)(10)
h= = = 0.667 Ans.
w2 Se 2.5(25.5)
This thickness separates Se and a so as to realize the reliability goal of 0.999 at each
shoulder. The design decision is to make t the next available thickness of 1018 CD steel
strap from the same heat. This eliminates machining to the desired thickness and the extra
cost of thicker work stock will be less than machining the fares. Ask your steel supplier
what is available in this heat.
6-39 3"
1" 4 1200 lbf
1
2
1"
4
Fa = 1200 lbf
Sut = 80 kpsi
(a) Strength
ka = 2.67(80) 0.265 LN(1, 0.058)
= 0.836LN(1, 0.058)
kb = 1
kc = 1.23(80) 0.078 LN(1, 0.125)
= 0.874LN(1, 0.125)
Sa = 0.506(80)LN(1, 0.138)
= 40.5LN(1, 0.138) kpsi
Se = 0.836[LN(1, 0.058)](1)[0.874LN(1, 0.125)][40.5LN(1, 0.138)]
Se = 0.836(1)(0.874)(40.5) = 29.6 kpsi
C Se = (0.0582 + 0.1252 + 0.1382 ) 1/2 = 0.195
Stress: Fig. A-15-1; d/w = 0.75/1.5 = 0.5, K t = 2.17. From Eqs. (6-78), (6-79) and
Table 6-15
2.17LN(1, 0.10)
Kf =
1 + 2/ 0.375 [(2.17 1)/2.17](5/80)
= 1.95LN(1, 0.10)
K f Fa
a = , C = 0.10
(w d)t
K f Fa 1.95(1.2)
a = = = 12.48 kpsi
(w d)t (1.5 0.75)(0.25)
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Chapter 6 177
Sa = Se = 29.6 kpsi
ln ( Sa /a ) 1 + C2 1 + C S2
z=
ln 1 + C2 1 + C S2
ln (29.6/12.48) (1 + 0.102 )/(1 + 0.1952 )
= = 3.9
ln (1 + 0.102 )(1 + 0.1952 )
From Table A-20
p f = 4.481(105 )
R = 1 4.481(105 ) = 0.999 955 Ans.
(b) All computer programs will differ in detail.
6-40 Each computer program will differ in detail. When the programs are working, the experi-
ence should reinforce that the decision regarding n f is independent of mean values of
strength, stress or associated geometry. The reliability goal can be realized by noting the
impact of all those a priori decisions.
6-41 Such subprograms allow a simple call when the information is needed. The calling pro-
gram is often named an executive routine (executives tend to delegate chores to others and
only want the answers).
6-44 The results of Probs. 6-41 to 6-44 will be the basis of a class computer aid for fatigue prob-
lems. The codes should be made available to the class through the library of the computer
network or main frame available to your students.
6-45 Petersons notch sensitivity q has very little statistical basis. This subroutine can be used to
show the variation in q, which is not apparent to those who embrace a deterministic q .