4858 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

2009, 48, 48584865

Extractive Distillation of Acetone/Methanol Mixture Using Water as Entrainer

Ivan D. Gil,*, Diana C. Bota, Pablo Ortiz, and Oscar F. Sanchez*,
Grupo de Procesos Qumicos y Bioqumicos, Departamento de Ingeniera Qumica y Ambiental, UniVersidad
Nacional de Colombia (Sede Bogot), Ciudad UniVersitaria - Carrera 30 45-03, Bogota, Colombia. Grupo de
Diseno de Productos y Procesos Departamento de Ingeniera Qumica, UniVersidad de los Andes,
Cr 1 Este 19A - 40, Bogota, Colombia

The acetone-methanol extractive distillation using water as an entrainer was simulated on Aspen Plus software
package using rigorous methods. Calculation of the vapor-liquid equilibrium for the ternary system was
done by the UNIQUAC model according to the experimental results obtained in a previous work. The effects
of the solvent to feed molar ratio, reflux ratio, feed stage, feed solvent stage, and solvent feed temperature
were studied to obtain the best design of the extractive distillation column with minimal energy requirements.
The most appropriate configuration is 52 theoretical stages. The best binary mixture and entrainer feeding
stages were obtained at 48 and 22 respectively with a solvent to feed molar and reflux ratio of 2.0 and 5.0,
respectively. The simulation results show the effect of the main variables on the extractive distillation process.

1. Introduction was done by other thermodynamic models that cannot represent

accurately the VLE or considered simplifying assumptions.
Acetone and methanol are extensively used as solvents or
reagents in organic chemistry. Additionally, acetone is a solvent
frequently used in industry to dissolve plastics, like a drying 2. Extractive Distillation
agent, and it is the primary component in nail polish remover.
Methanol is also a commonly used solvent, and its mixtures Extractive distillation is a separation process used to separate
with acetone are usually observed, being necessary to separate mixtures that are difficult or impossible to separate by conven-
these volatile solvents for future applications. Distillation is one tional distillation. In extractive distillation, a third component
of the major importance separation processes in chemical (solvent or entrainer) is added to the binary mixture to increase
engineering in which the separation is reached because of the the relative volatility of the original components.15
volatility difference of the components.1
The process flow diagram of the extractive distillation process
The recovering of volatile solvents with close boiling point
is presented on Figure 1. The process has two columns, one for
or azeotropic systems is difficult by conventional distillation
techniques. Advance techniques like pressure distillation, reac- extractive separation and another for solvent recuperation. The
tive distillation, and extractive distillation may be used to azeotropic mixture and the solvent are fed to the first column,
separate such mixtures. In the extractive distillation is required in which the components boil separated allowing the less volatile
a third component, an entrainer, which modifies the relative components to collect in the bottoms and in the top of the
volatility of the mixture components.2 The entrainer selection column the light key component.11 The bottom product is fed
is an important step because the separation effectiveness depends to the second column in which the solvent is recovered and
on the interactions between this component and the azeotropic recycled to the extractive distillation column.
mixture.
The entrainer must have special characteristics to achieve the
The acetone-methanol system has a minimum boiling point
desired separation as follows: thermal stability, low toxicity,
azeotrope,3 and the extractive distillation is a possible method
used to separate this azeotropic mixture. Many works have higher boiling points, easily recovery, change the relative
studied the vapor-liquid equilibrium of this system and suggest volatility between the key components, and selectivity.16,17
water as an entrainer.4-7 The extractive distillation of this system The design and analysis of the separation process and
had been reported widely in the literature1,8-14 and some especially the distillation process involve the use of the residue
simulation studies of the process have been reported. 8,10,11 In curve maps.18 These are tools that allow us to determine whether
this study, the extractive distillation of an acetone-methanol the entrainer is or is not the most effective to obtain the desired
mixture, and the effect of the main variables on mixture
separation. The residue curve maps for extractive distillation
separation, were studied by simulation on Aspen Plus 2006
are composed by a stable node that corresponds to the solvent
software. The thermodynamic package using UNIQUAC model
was used to evaluate the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE), vertex, an unstable node that corresponds to the azeotrope, and
according to the experimental data obtained by the authors in a the saddle points located at the vertex of the azeotropic
previous work for the acetone-methanol-water mixture. The mixture.18 Figure 2 presents the residue curve map for the
simulation was carried out taking into account pressure drops acetone-methanol-water system. The azeotropic mixture of
and heat-integration, in order to compare the results with those acetone (bp 56.14 C) and methanol (bp 64.53 C) presents a
reported previously in literature in which the property estimation minimum boiling point at 55.24 C and 1 atm. From Figure 2,
it is observed that water is a feasible entrainer for the
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: idgilc@ acetone-methanol separation because the residue curve map
unal.edu.co (I.D.G); osanchez@uniandes.edu.co (O.F.S).

Universidad Nacional de Colombia. has the optimal configuration (stable and unstable nodes, and

Universidad de los Andes. saddle points) for the extractive distillation.
10.1021/ie801637h CCC: $40.75 2009 American Chemical Society
Published on Web 04/16/2009
 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 48, No. 10, 2009 4859

Figure 1. Extractive distillation process.

Figure 3. Pseudo-binary x-y plot for the acetone (1)-methanol (2) system
with an entrainer to feed molar ratio 3. Solid and dashed lines predicted by
UNIQUAC model for the pseudo-binary and binary systems, respectively.

Figure 2. Residue curve map for acetone-methanol-water system at 1

atm calculated using the UNIQUAC model.

3. Simulation of the Acetone-Methanol Extractive

Distillation Column
Previous to the simulation, the ternary vapor-liquid equi-
librium (VLE) of the acetone-methanol-water system was
determined experimentally. Briefly, mixtures of acetone-methanol
with a close ratio to the azeotrope composition, and with
different solvent to feed molar ratios, were prepared in a
modified Othmer still. After the VLE was achieved (constant
temperature throughout the system), samples of condensed vapor
and liquid were taken for GC analysis. Each assay was made
in duplicate. Figure 3 shows the pseudo-binary diagram obtained Figure 4. Process flow diagram for the extractive distillation column.
for a solvent to feed molar ratio (E/F) of 3.0. Table 1. Process Design Parameters
Three thermodynamic models (Wilson, NRTL, and UNI-
QUAC) were analyzed to determine which model is the most parameter value
suitable to predict the system performance. The obtained results feed mole flow (kmol/h) 100
show that the UNIQUAC model presented the highest accuracy, distillate mole flow (kmol/h) 76
a mean absolute error of 0.009 ( 0.015 and 0.246 ( 0.114 C feed temperature (C) 20
mole fraction of binary feed acetone 0.7775
for the composition and temperature, respectively, whereas the methanol 0.2225
obtained mean absolute error of composition and temperature pressure (atm) 1
were 0.012 ( 0.015 and 0.417 ( 0.190 C for the Wilson model
and 0.011 ( 0.015 and 0.494 ( 0.213 C for NRTL model. of the extractive distillation column operation was taken from
Therefore, the UNIQUAC model was selected for the prediction the Luyben8 work (Figure 4). The feed conditions of the
of physical properties in the simulation. azeotropic mixture and the entrainer are presented in Table 1.
To establish the operating conditions for the extractive 3.1. Sensitivity Analysis Results. The parameters analyzed
distillation process, a sensitivity analysis was done. The design were as follows: number of stages (NS), reflux molar ratio (R),
4860 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 48, No. 10, 2009

Figure 5. Number of stages and reflux ratio influence on the distillate Figure 7. Number of stages and reflux ratio influence on the reboiler duty.
acetone mole composition. Operational conditions: BFS 48, EFS 22, EFT Operating conditions: BFS 48, EFS 22, EFT 47 C, and E/F 2.0. Evaluated
47 C, and E/F 2.0. Evaluated refluxes: 3.0 ( ), 4.0 (), 5.0 (), 6.0 (]), refluxes: 3.0 ( ), 4.0 (), 5.0 (), 6.0 (]), and 7.0 (0).
and 7.0 (0).

Figure 6. Number of stages and reflux ratio influence on the condenser Figure 8. Binary feed stage and reflux ratio influence on the distillate acetone
duty. Operating conditions: BFS 48, EFS 22, EFT 47 C, and E/F 2.0. mole composition. Operating conditions: NS 52, EFS 22, EFT 47 C, and
Evaluated refluxes: 3.0 ( ), 4.0 (), 5.0 (), 6.0 (]), and 7.0 (0). E/F 2.0. Evaluated refluxes: 3.0 ( ), 4.0 (), 5.0 (), 6.0 (]), and 7.0 (0).

binary feed stage (BFS), entrainer feed stage (EFS), entrainer Figure 8 shows the results of the reflux ratio and the binary
feed temperature (EFT), and entrainer to feed molar ratio (E/ feed stage analysis. As can be seen, at reflux rates between 3.0
F). The binary mixture was fed in the extractive distillation and 5.0 were obtained the greatest distillate compositions, with
column at azeotropic composition. a difference among them no higher than 0.02. However,
Figure 5 shows the influence of the reflux ratio and the differences on distillate acetone mole composition at reflux ratios
number of stages on the distillate mole composition (xD). higher than 5.0 were around 0.10. The highest distillate acetone
According to the ASTM purity standard specification for acetone composition was reached when the binary mixture was fed
is 99.5% mass (99.0% mol), this specification can be achieved between the 46 and 48 stages. Because of longer contact time
using refluxes among 3.0 and 5.0. The highest xD was obtained between the azeotropic mixture and the solvent, higher purity
at a reflux of 4.0. It is observed that an increase of reflux causes in the distillate, the azeotropic mixture was fed near to the
a decrease in the distillate. This is because high reflux causes column bottoms.
the dilution of the liquid phase, which should be rich in solvent. Figure 9 presents the influence of the binary feed stage on
From Figure 5, is also possible to observe that with a number the distillate composition and energy duty. From the above
analysis, the reflux ratio was kept constant (5.0). At stages
of stages greater than 52 the composition of the distillate does
greater than 42, the condenser and reboiler duties and distillate
not change significantly. Results show that the column may have
composition did not change significantly (Figure 9). Hence, a
52 stages and be operated at a reflux rate between 3.0 and 5.0.
feasible binary feed location is at stage 48 because the binary
The effect of reflux ratio and number of stages on the mixture-entrainer contact time is kept long. It is also possible
condenser (QC) and reboiler (QR) duties is presented in Figures to observe that reboiler duty was greater than condenser duty.
6 and 7, respectively. For both cases, duties did not change with The increased energy consumption is produced when the binary
the number of stages. Nevertheless, reflux rate had an important mixture is fed as a saturated liquid near to the reboiler. At stage
influence on the column energy consumption. Heating and 22, the reboiler and condenser duties decline; this is caused by
cooling requirements presented a direct proportional relationship the entrainer feeding.
with the reflux ratio. From the sensitivity analysis, it is possible The reflux ratio and the entrainer feed stage effect on distillate
to conclude that at a reflux ratio of 5 the energy consumption acetone composition are presented in Figure 10. It is noticed
and distillate composition requirements are satisfied. that the highest acetone compositions in the distillate were
 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 48, No. 10, 2009 4861

Figure 11. Entrainer feed stage effect on distillate composition (), and
Figure 9. Binary feed stage effect on distillate composition () and energy
energy duty (condenser O, and reboiler 0). Operating conditions: NS 52,
duty (condenser O, reboiler 0). Operating conditions: NS 52, EFS 25, EFT
BFS 48, EFT 47 C, R 5.0, and E/F 2.0.
47 C, R 5.0, and E/F 2.0.

Figure 12. Entrainer to feed molar ratio and reflux ratio influence on the
Figure 10. Entrainer feed stage and reflux ratio influence on the distillate distillate acetone mole composition. Operating conditions: NS 52, BFS 48,
acetone mole composition. Operating conditions: NS 52, BFS 48, EFT 47 EFS 22, and EFT 47 C. Evaluated refluxes: 3.0 ( ), 4.0 (), 5.0 (), 6.0
C, and E/F 2.0. Evaluated refluxes: 3.0 ( ), 4.0 (), 5.0 (), 6.0 (]), and (]), and 7.0 (0).
7.0 (0).

obtained at reflux ratios of 4.0 and 5.0, and that, at greater values Because of higher E/F ratios, the entrainer dilution caused by
of entrainer feed stage, acetone composition in the distillate was the reflux is small and the purity of distillate increases.
lower. This is due to the interaction between entrainer and At entrainer to feed molar ratios of 2.5 or higher, the distillate
azeotropic mixture components that occur predominantly in the composition remained constant (Figure 12). For all of the
liquid phase. When the solvent is fed in the top, it is possible evaluated E/F range, the condenser duty remained constant.
to guarantee that the entrainer is present in the liquid phase in However, the reboiler duty presented significant changes with
all of the stages below. From these results, at stage 22 was the increased E/F. This is associated with higher E/F values
obtained the highest acetone concentration, and then this is a owing to larger liquid volumes needed for vaporization;
feasible stage to feed the solvent. therefore the energy consumption in the reboiler is increased.
The energy consumption was less when the solvent was fed An optimal value could be 2.0 because with this value it was
at stages near to the top of the column (Figure 11). This could possible to obtain high acetone purity and lower energy
be owed to the higher entrainer contact with the vapor phase consumptions (Figure 13). Also, a rise of the inlet entrainer
that caused a higher methanol transferred to the liquid phase. temperature increased acetone composition in distillate when
Therefore, the flow to the reboiler is greater. If the solvent is the reflux ratio was higher than 4.0 (Figure 14). However, at
fed near to the bottoms, a minimal quantity of methanol leaves temperatures higher than 50 C the increase of the distillate
the vapor phase so the flow to the condenser and the energy composition was not significant. With respect to reflux ratio, it
consumption increases. Binary mixture feeding caused an was observed that the highest distillate acetone composition was
increase on reboiler and condenser duties. For that reason, in obtained at reflux rates of 4.0 and 5.0 (Figure 10), whereas at
proximity to stage 48 an increase on reboiler and condenser higher reflux rates acetone concentration in distillate decreases.
duties was observed. The influence of the entrainer feed stage This could be associated with the solvent feed stage. When it
on the distillation composition showed that acetone composition is fed near to the top of the column, it is mixed with the reflux,
in the distillate is higher with the decrease of the entrainer feed which causes the dilution of the entrainer and, therefore, the
stage. At stage 22, the composition of the distillate had a effectiveness decreases.
maximum value. This result agrees with those results presented When the entrainer feed temperature was varied in the range
in Figure 10. As can be seen on Figure 12, at high reflux rates of 20 to 100 C, no effect on the distillate composition and
and E/F ratio the distillate acetone composition was greater. condenser duty was observed (Figure 15). Nevertheless, the
4862 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 48, No. 10, 2009

Figure 13. Entrainer to feed molar ratio effect on distillate composition Figure 16. Reflux ratio effect on distillate composition (), and energy
(), and energy duty (condenser O, and reboiler 0). Operating conditions: duty (condenser O, and reboiler 0). Operating conditions: NS 52, BFS 48,
NS 52, BFS 48, EFT 47 C, and R 5.0. EFS 22, EFT 47 C, and E/F 2.0.

Figure 17. Pressure drop effect on acetone distillate composition (with a

Figure 14. Entrainer feed temperature and reflux ratio influence on the pressure drop of 0.01 atm, ; without pressure drop, 0). Operating
distillate acetone mole composition. Operating conditions: NS 52, BFS 48, conditions: NS 52, BFS 48, EFS 22, EFT 47 C, R 5.0, and E/F 2.0.
EFS 22, EFT 47 C, and E/F 2.0. Evaluated refluxes: 3.0 ( ), 4.0 (), 5.0
(), 6.0 (]), y 7.0 (0). Table 2. Extractive Distillation Column Design
parameter value
number of stages 52
binary feed stage 48
entrainer feed stage 22
reflux ratio 5
entrainer to feed molar ratio 2
entrainer temperature (C) 47

Table 3. Methanol Recovery Column Design

parameter value
number of stages 26
distillate mole flow (kmol/h) 25
feed stage 14
reflux ratio 3
bottoms temperature (C) 104
distillate temperature (C) 62

Figure 15. Entrainer feed temperature influence on distillate composition liquid phase and the liquid flow to the bottoms is lower. Figure
(), and energy duty (condenser O, and reboiler 0). Operating conditions: 16 shows the effect of reflux ratio on distillate composition,
NS 52, BFS 48, EFS 22, EFT 47 C, R 5.0, and E/F 2.0. and condenser and reboiler duties.
Finally, the pressure drop effect on acetone final composition
reboiler energy consumption was significantly affected by the is presented in Figure 17. The plot shows how the liquid profile
inlet entrainer temperature. The reboiler duty decreased with composition in the extractive column was affected by a pressure
the increase of the entrainer feed temperature because if entrainer drop neglected and P ) 0.01 atm. The other operating
is fed at low temperatures more energy is required to vaporize conditions were established above. When P ) 0 psi, distillate
the liquid in the bottoms. When the solvent is fed at higher acetone composition was higher than the obtained when the
temperatures, small amounts of methanol are transferred to the column had a P of 0.01 atm per stage. This is because when
 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 48, No. 10, 2009 4863

Figure 18. Process flow-sheet for extractive distillation of acetone-methanol using water as an entrainer.

Table 4. Feed Streams Conditions Table 7. Condenser and Reboiler Heat Duties on the Columns
stream 1 4 extractive column recovery column
feed mole flow (kmol/h) 100 1 condenser (kW) -3748 -975
temperature (C) 20 47 reboiler (kW) 3858 987
pressure (atm) 1 1
mole fraction the same conditions of energy supply the separation efficiency
acetone 0.7775 0 will be lower when a pressure drop is not neglected.
methanol 0.2225 0
water 0 1
Configuration and operating conditions of the primary column
was established from results obtained with the sensitivity
Table 5. Configuration of Extractive and Recovery Columns
parameter extractive column recovery column
number of stages 52 26
feed stage 48 14
entrainer feed stage 22
reflux ratio 5 3
condenser total total
top stage pressure (atm) 1 1
pressure drop per stage (atm) 0.01 0.01
distillate mole flow (kmol h-1) 76 25

Table 6. Simulation Results for the Process Flow-Sheet Presented in

Figure 18
Mole Fraction
T mole flow
stream (C) (kmol h-1) acetone methanol water

1 20 100 0.778 0.223 0.000

2 20 100 0.778 0.223 0.000
3 64 100 0.778 0.223 0.000 Figure 19. Extractive column temperature profile.
4 47 1 0.000 0.000 1.000
5 47 200 0.000 0.000 1.000
6 56 76 0.995 0.003 0.003
7 94 224 0.010 0.098 0.892
8 94 224 0.010 0.098 0.892
9 62 25 0.086 0.882 0.032
10 104 199 0.000 0.000 1.000
11 47 199 0.000 0.000 1.000
Extractive Column Recovery Column
Mole Fraction in Distillate
acetone 99.5% 8.6%
methanol 0.3% 88.2%
water 0.3% 3.2%
Mole Fraction in Bottoms
acetone 1.0% 0.0%
methanol 9.8% 0.0%
water 89.2% 100.0%

a pressure drop is present in the column more energy is required Figure 20. Liquid () and vapor (0) molar flow profiles in the extractive
to drive the vapor up through the distillation column, thus at column.
4864 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 48, No. 10, 2009

was initially done by means of short-cut column calculation

(DSTWU) to establish the reflux ratio, number of stages, feed
stage, and distillate mole flow (kmol h-1), and results are
presented in Table 3. Because of the high temperature of the
bottom product (water), it is necessary to cool it before recycling
at the beginning of the process. The proposed process flowsheet
of the extractive distillation process is shown in Figure 18.
The simulation was carried out using a rigorous method
(RadFrac). Tables 4 and 5 show the feed streams specifications
and the extractive and recovery columns configuration,
respectively.
The simulation results showed that the obtained acetone mole
composition in the extractive column top was 0.99, whereas
the acetone mole composition in the recuperation column was
0.099. The energy consumption on the extractive and recovery
Figure 21. Vapor-phase concentration profiles of acetone (0), methanol columns is presented in Table 7.
(O), and water () in the extractive column. The temperature profile on the extractive column showed a
temperature change at stage 22 due to the entrainer introduction,
Table 8. Comparison of Simulation Results with Other Studies
whereas at stage 48 the temperature had a minimal decrease
Pradhan this because of the azeotropic mixture feeding. A significant
parameter Langston11 Luyben8 and Kannan10 study
temperature increase was observed at stages 51 and 50 due to
model Wilson UNIQUAC UNIFAC UNIQUAC the reboiler proximity (Figure 19). Figure 20 presents the vapor
acetone purity (%mol) 99.7% 99.4% 92.1% 99.0%
E/F molar ratio 4 2 1.5 2 and liquid molar flow profiles in the extractive column. The
Extractive Column
liquid molar flow exposed two significant changes due to the
number stages 73 57 20 52
entrainer and the azeotropic mixture feed at stages 22 and 48,
binary feed stage 5 40 10 48 respectively. Meanwhile, the vapor molar flow remained
entrainer feed stage 25 25 3 22 constant along the column, except at stage 22 in which the
reflux ratio 4 3.44 4 5
binary feed composition (% mol)
entrainer was fed. This change was caused by the liquid-phase
acetone 50 50 75 77.75 vaporization due to the water inlet temperature.
methanol 50 50 25 22.25 In the vapor composition profile of the extractive column was
pressure drop per stage (atm) 0.02 0.01 0.01
observed that acetone concentration decreased at stage 22 in
Recovery Column
which the entrainer was fed. Methanol composition became
number stages 34 26 26
feed stage 18 14 14
appreciable at stage 23 and from this stage until the bottoms of
reflux ratio 3.86 1.61 3 the column the composition was increased. At stage 40, the
pressure drop per stage (atm) 0.02 0.01 observed change on methanol composition was due to the
azeotropic mixture feed. The water profile had a significant
analysis (Table 2). The best primary column configuration shows change at stage 22 in which it is fed (Figure 21). The main
that the entrainer is fed above the binary feed, which allows us product in the top of the column was acetone (light key
to obtain higher acetone purity. Similar results have been component) and in the bottoms the principal compounds were
reported,8,9 which suggests the use of this configuration for the methanol and water. Meanwhile, for the liquid molar composi-
separation of the minimum-boiling point azeotrope mixtures. tions profiles, acetone and water had an important change at
3.2. Simulation Results. Simulation of the acetone-methanol stage 22, in which the acetone composition decreased signifi-
azeotropic mixture separation involves two columns: the extrac- cantly and water increased due to the entrainer introduction.
tive distillation column in which acetone of 99.5% mass The azeotropic mixture feeding at stage 48 produced an increase
(99.0% mol) of purity is obtained and a recuperation column in acetone composition, whereas a decrease in water composition
in which methanol is recovered. The recuperation column design was observed. The acetone composition was decreasing along
the column and in the bottoms only water and methanol were
present. Methanol exposed only one significant change at stage
48 in which the binary mixture was fed.
3.3. Comparison to Other Studies. The extractive distilla-
tion simulation for the system acetone-methanol-water has
been reported. However, only in few reports the acetone purity
obtained and the configuration of the columns is mentioned.
Table 8 shows the comparison of simulation results with
reported data.
The acetone purity obtained by Langston11 is higher in
comparison to obtain in the other studies. These differences
could be due to the physical estimation property model.
Langston11 used the Wilson model for the simulation but in
our previous work the experimental data showed that the most
suitable model to predict the azeotrope of the binary mixture
was UNIQUAC. Also, the design of both columns (extractive
Figure 22. Liquid-phase concentration profiles of acetone (0), methanol and recovery) is different and the total number of stages is higher
(O), and water () in the extractive column. for Langston. These differences could be due to assumptions
 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 48, No. 10, 2009 4865
like pressure drop, different entrainer to feed molar ratio, binary Acknowledgment
mixture feeding composition, and reflux ratio.
The authors acknowledge to Departamento de Ingeniera
Pradhan and Kannan10 obtained in the distillate stream the
Qumica y Ambiental - Universidad Nacional de Colombia and
lowest acetone purity. This probably is caused by the reflux
the Departamento de Ingeniera Qumica - Universidad de los
ratio (1.5) because this is not the optimum for acetone
Andes for the support to this project.
separation. Differences on reflux ratio and model used to
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Minimum energy requirements were obtained in compliance (19) ASTM International. Designation: D 329 - 02. Standard Specifica-
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(20) Aspen Plus, Version 2006; Aspen Technology Inc.: Burlington, MA.
The separation of azeotropic mixtures like acetone-methanol
is a feasible by extractive distillation if the solvent is selected ReceiVed for reView October 27, 2008
properly. For this study, water was a feasible entrainer but the ReVised manuscript receiVed March 9, 2009
Accepted March 24, 2009
use of a solvent with a higher boiling point could be more
appropriate for this azeotropic separation. IE801637H