Genki II Textbook Chapter 16

Grammar Points

1.//

We learned in Ch 14 that these words have to do with transactions, the act of giving and receiving
items.

It can also be used with the helping verb to describe the giving and receiving of services.

te form +
I do something for you

You do something for others

I do something for others

Somebody does something for somebody else.

------------------>

I ) You ) Others

<------------------

te form +
Somebody does something for me

You do something for me

 Somebody does something for you

Examples using :

I (generously) lent my sister money (to help her out of her destitute conditions).

c.f. (an objective statement)

c.f. (an objective statement)

Examples using

A friend helps me with my homework (for which I am grateful.)

A relative sent me cookies. (I should be so lucky.)

Examples using :

*Used to say that we get, persuade, or arrange for, somebody to do something for us. In other
words, we receive somebody's favour.

The person performing the action for us is accompanied by the particle .



I got a friend of mine to help me with my homework.

Compare the last sentence with the version below:

Describes more or less the same event, btue the subjects are different.

In sentences, the subject is the beneficiary. (receiver)

In sentences, the subject is the benefactor. (giver)

A friend of mine helped me with my homework.

2.

Three ways to make a request in degrees of politeness

Most polite Casual

More appropriate than , when talking to a stranger or nonpeer.

Would you lend me a hand?

Roughly equal in politeness to Most appropriate in host-family context.

Will you wait for a second?

To ask for a favour in a very casual way. Good for speaking to members in your peer group.

or

Pick that thing up (and pass it to me), will you?

3.

present tense short form + to say that you hope something nice happens

said on its own means you are wishing good luck to somebody

I hope you find a good part time job

I hope it doesn't rain

To say you hope for your own good, use

Shows that speaker attitude is more tentative, sounds more modest.

I am hoping that the exam is easy

I hope I can catch the eight o clock train.

I hope ...
(for you/them)

(short, present tense)

I hope ... (for

myself)

*Note: The use of AND mean that you are hoping for something
nice to happen.

Cannot be used in cases where you hope to do something nice, which is under your control.

In such a case, turn the verb into a potential form:

Compare: x

I am hoping to go to college. I am hoping that I can go to college.

4.
We use to describe when something happens.

sentence A sentence B. When A, B.

(time reference) (main event)

Present Tense in A

As long as event A happens after B,

Clause A = Present tense, Irrespective of the tense in B.

I had the visa issued, when I was going to Tibet.

I take out my contact lenses, when I go to sleep.

I locked the door, when I went out.

Clause A also gets present tense, when state of A holds when event B takes place.

I call up friends when I am lonely.

*Note: -adjectives get , Nouns get before

Past Tense in A : Used when at the time of main event B, A has already passed.
Example:

[A] [B]

I will buy oolong tea, when I go to China.

I take a long bath, when I am tired.

You get tired [=A], and then take a bath [=B]

I cried when I had forgotten to bring the homework.

You found out about the homework [=A], and then cried [=B]

5.

You use the te-form of the verbto describe the things you have done that you want to apologise for.

I am sorry for using foul language

Sorry that I stood you up.

To apologise for something you failed to do, use , the short negative form of the verb.


Sorry that I did not tell you earlier.

Textbook Exercises

I.

A. Your friend is sick, you did the following for your friend. Describe them with ~

Example: cook dinner -->

1. help with his homework

2. correct his paper

3. buy flowers

4. take him to the hospital

5. do laundry


6. clean his room

7. lend him your notebook

8. call his teacher

9. go to a bank and withdraw money

10. do dishes

C. The following are what your host mother, your friend, and a stranger did for you.

Describe them with ~ and ~

Example:

Ex.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

D. Describe what the following people did for you, using /

1. /

2.

3.


4.

E. You visited a Japanese family last weekened. Describe what they did for you and what you did for
them using ~//

Example:

Ex:

1. father brought me to art museum

or

* note:

The Japanese particles (ni) and (e) can be used to indicate destination or direction. They
are translated as to in English.

The Japanese particle is often used to welcome somebody to someplace. In these kinds of
sentences, is preferred over .

2. father treated me to ice cream

 Aisukurmu

or

3. i shared pictures with family

4. mother gave me an umbrella

5. i taught yumi english

G. Answer the following questions

1. /

2.

3. /

4.

5.

Tomodachi ga ochikon deru toki, nani o shite agemasu ka.

6.

II.

A. Ask these people the following favors, as in the example.

Example:

-->

1.

2.

3.

4.


5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

III.

A. Read each person's situation, and express what you hope for him/her.

Example:

You get well soon ->

1. It is good weather.

2. It is not cold.

3. It is fun.

4. You can get into a graduate school.

5. You can get a scholarship

6. The yen becomes cheaper

7. Your teacher does not collect the homework.

8. Your teacher does not come to class.

9. A typhoon comes and there is no class today.

or

or

B. You are in the following situations. Explain your situation and say what you hope for.

Example: You want to live in Japan

->
1. You have a test tomorrow.

2. You are going to climb a mountain tomorrow.

3. You want to get married.

4. You will begin a homestay next week.

5. You will study abroad.

IV.

A. Describe each situation using ~

Example:

->

->

1. (drink coffee)


2. (ask friend)

3. (ask father)

4. (call parents)

5. (buy cake)

6. (watch tv)

7. (go to restaurant)

8. (catch taxi)

B. Connect the sentences using ~ Pay attention to the tense before ~

Example: /
1. /

2. /

3. /

4. /[]

5. /

6.

7. /

8. /

D. Complete the following sentences.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

A. Make sentences apologizing for the following things using ~/~

Example:

to your professor)

1.

2.


3.

4.

(to your friend)

5.

6.

B. Make sentences to apologise for the following things and add excuses to it.

Use ~ or depending on whom you are talking to.

Example: You came late to the class. (to your professor)

->

1. You couldn't come to the class (to your professor)

used korarenai
2. You woke your room mate up. (to your room mate)

3. You forgot your friend's birthday (to your friend)

4. You laughed at your friend (to your friend)

5. You told a lie (to your friend)

6. You lost the book that you borrowed from your host father (to your host father)

VI.

A. Talk about a good experience you had recently.

Example:

Workbook Exercises

16.1

I. Describe the pictures, using /

1. Buy flowers at mother's day sale for mum

2. , me to old lady towards station

3. to who says

II. Describe what you had these people do, using

1.

2.


3. (sleeping)

16.2 //

I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the choice between ~

and

1. Since my family is coming to Japan, I will show them around Kyoto.

2. My older sister sometimes lends me her car.

3. I had my friend take me to the hospital.

My friend took me to the hospital.

I had my friend take me to the hospital.

4. My friend treated me to a dinner.

5. I showed pictures of my trip to my family.

6. I will have my teacher explain the grammar.



II. Complete the dialogue, using the given verb and ~

and

1.

A:

B: (Help)

2.

A:

B: buy)

3.

A:

B: any verb)

16.3

I. Ask the following people favors. Use the appropriate speech style:

(casual)

(formal)

(very formal)

1. (to a friend) Will you lend me money?

2. (to a friend) Will you correct my Japanese?

3. (to your host family) Would you wake me up at 7 o clock tomorrow?

4. (to your host family) Would you speak more slowly?

5. (to your professor) Could you write a letter of recommendation?

6. (to your professor) Could you translate this into English?

II. Complete the dialogues using

(casual)

(formal)

(very formal)

1.

You:

Host mother:

2.

You:

Host mother:

16.4 /

I. Translate the following sentences, using

1. I want to go to a graduate school. I hope I can receive a scholarship.

2. There is an exam tomorrow morning. I hope I do not oversleep.

3. I want to go to China. I hope I can go next year.

4. We are planning on having a barbecue. I hope it does not rain.

II. I wish the following people luck, using

1.

Your friend:

You:

2.

Your friend:

You:

3.

Your friend:

You:
4.

Your friend:

You:

Expression, Godan verb with ru ending

1. to become better; to improveUsually written using kana alone

16.5

I. Circle (or bracket the answer) the correct tense expression in the following sentences.

---

Grammar Notes reminder:

Present Tense in A

*As long as event A happens after B,

Clause A = Present tense, Irrespective of the tense in B.

*Clause A also gets present tense, when state of A holds when event B takes place.

*Past Tense in A : Used when at the time of main event B, A has already passed.

---
1. ()

2. * ()

3. ()

4. ()

5. ()

II. Look at each picture and complete a sentence. If the pictures are shown in the order

in which the two events took place, you can use the past tense before .

If they are in the reverse order, you can use the present tense before

http://prntscr.com/hj6hhd

1.present tense

A: Eating

B: Before Eating, Itadakimasu

2.past tense

A: Eating

B: After eating, Gochisoosama

3.present tense
A:Ride bus

B:Top up bus card

16.6

I. Determine whether event A (the 'when' clause) occurs earlier than event B (the main clause) or
not, and translate the following sentences.

If A happens after B -> present tense A

If A holds when B takes place -> present tense A

If A does not happen after B -> past tense A

Does A occur earlier than B? (Y/N)

1. I brushed my teeth (=B) when I went to bed (=A)

N

2. My parents did not go anywhere (=B) when they got married (=A) Y

3. I take a bus (=B), when I go to school (=A)

N

4. I borrowed money from the bank(=B), when I bought this car (=A) N

5. Takeshi used chopsticks(=B), when he ate spaghetti (=A)

N

6. I went to the police(=B), when I lost my bag. (=A)

Y

II. Answer the question using

1.

2.

3.

16.7

I. Make an apology in each of the situations below, using ~ (formal speech

style)

or ~ (casual speech style).

1. You did not listen to the teacher's lecture

Sensei no kgi o kii tenai, sumimasendeshita.

2. You have called a friend up late at night

Yoru osoku denwa o shite, gomen.

3. You could not go to your friend's birthday party

4. You have been busy and have not written to your mother lately

5. You have lost a book that you borrowed from your teacher

6. You were late for an appointment with your friend

II. Have you ever caused other people suffering but missed an opportunity

to apologise to them? Think of what you did, and make apologies.

1. (to your friend)

jasupasan, Yoru osoku ni denwa o shite gomen

2. (to your parent)

3. (to your teacher)

4. (anybody)