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    Carrier Aidded Protection

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    Thirumal
    Phase comparison relaying compares current phasors at local and remote terminals to determine if a fault is internal or external without requiring line and neutral potentials. It uses carrier relaying like SLD or SKBU and directional ground relays like CO/ICC. Faults within the protected zone cause currents to trip in less than 3 cycles. Microwave communication is used to transmit current phasors, with guard signals checking communication health and tripping in 9 cycles if lost. Directional comparison blocking relays like SLYP/SLYN compare current directions to block tripping for external faults. Transfer trip schemes use two communication channels, one transmitting a guard frequency to block tripping during noise, and the other a tripping frequency to

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    Carrier Aidded Protection

    Uploaded by

    Thirumal
    393 views4 pages
    Phase comparison relaying compares current phasors at local and remote terminals to determine if a fault is internal or external without requiring line and neutral potentials. It uses carrier relaying like SLD or SKBU and directional ground relays like CO/ICC. Faults within the protected zone cause currents to trip in less than 3 cycles. Microwave communication is used to transmit current phasors, with guard signals checking communication health and tripping in 9 cycles if lost. Directional comparison blocking relays like SLYP/SLYN compare current directions to block tripping for external faults. Transfer trip schemes use two communication channels, one transmitting a guard frequency to block tripping during noise, and the other a tripping frequency to

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    In clear explanation about carrier aided protection

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    Phase comparison relaying compares current phasors at local and remote terminals to determine if a fault is internal or external without requiring line and neutral potentials. It uses carrier relaying like SLD or SKBU and directional ground relays like CO/ICC. Faults within the protected zone cause currents to trip in less than 3 cycles. Microwave communication is used to transmit current phasors, with guard signals checking communication health and tripping in 9 cycles if lost. Directional comparison blocking relays like SLYP/SLYN compare current directions to block tripping for external faults. Transfer trip schemes use two communication channels, one transmitting a guard frequency to block tripping during noise, and the other a tripping frequency to

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    393 views4 pages

    Carrier Aidded Protection

    Uploaded by

    Thirumal
    Phase comparison relaying compares current phasors at local and remote terminals to determine if a fault is internal or external without requiring line and neutral potentials. It uses carrier relaying like SLD or SKBU and directional ground relays like CO/ICC. Faults within the protected zone cause currents to trip in less than 3 cycles. Microwave communication is used to transmit current phasors, with guard signals checking communication health and tripping in 9 cycles if lost. Directional comparison blocking relays like SLYP/SLYN compare current directions to block tripping for external faults. Transfer trip schemes use two communication channels, one transmitting a guard frequency to block tripping during noise, and the other a tripping frequency to

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    CARRIER AIDDED PROTECTION

    Phase Comparison Relaying


    Relay combination used with phase comparison systems are SLD or SKBU
    carrier relaying and CO( Residual Ground)/ ICC (Directional ground).

    Phase comparison relaying compares current phasors at local and remote


    terminals. Line and Neutral potential are not required.

    Faults in the protected zone would cause the currents to trip in less than 3
    cycles

    Fault detector turns on carrier signal during Fault

    Transmitter generates blocking pulse during negative half cycle.

    During external fault both transmitters produce additive blocking pulse for
    the full cycle.

    During internal fault out of phase pulse cancel blocking pulse, allowing the relay
    to trip

    SPCU relays are used for Phase comparison for Phase and Phase to
    Ground faults

    Microwave is used for communication of current phasors. Guard signals


    are transmitted for communication health. Relay trips in 9 cycles on loss of
    guard signal. Noise on communication channel will block tripping.

    SRU/ UIO as auxiliary relay for annunciation purpose

    Directional comparison blocking ( SLYP/ SLYN) compares current direction


    at both terminals to determine in zone or out of zone faults to block
    tripping

    SLYP provides Zone1 element ( 80% of line: instantaneous trip with TT),
    Zone2 (125% of Line) (Instantaneous for in zone fault and TT or blocking
    signal for out of zone faults) and Zone3 (180% of line sends blocking signal
    out of zone faults)

    SLYN provides Directional overcurrent, trip for in zone faults and block for
    out of zone faults
    DCB Philosoph

    Impedance relays trip instantaneously for z1 faults covering 80% of line

    Over reaching impedance relays with z2 faults operate with time delay covering
    125% of the line

    Directional comparison Blocking (DCB) allows over reaching relays to trip


    instantaneously by blocking out of zone faults

    Thus Phase Distance Relays and ground over current relays can provide
    instantaneous protection for in zone faults

    Only one Communication channel is used for sending blocking signal only , used
    with PLC schemes

    Typical Transfer Trip Relaying


    Transfer Trip schemes are another flavor of Directional comparison schemes,
    where two relays communicate to trip rather than block.

    The two frequencies transmitted through two communication channels are:


    Guard frequency to keep guard relays closed to block tripping over
    channel noise

    Tripping Frequency to allow tripping relay to pickup and trip circuit


    breakers

    Basic Transfer trip Schemes:

    Direct Transfer Trip (DTP)

    Direct Overreaching Transfer Trip (DOTT) 125%

    Direct Under reaching Transfer Trip (DUTT) 80%

    Permissive Transfer Trip

    Permissive Overreaching Transfer Trip (POTT) 125 %

    Permissive Under reaching Transfer Trip (PUTT) 80%

    Typical PUTT Relaying Scheme

    Typical POTT Relaying Scheme


    Typical POTT Relaying Scheme would have following components:

    3 CEY (Impedance relay with zone 2 timer- starts at fault detection)

    1 SLYG directional Ground Relays

    2 GE Type 40 Transmitter and Receiver systems

    2 Transfer Trip communication channels (Primary/ Secondary)

    When a terminal receives the shift from Guard to trip frequency and a trip
    signal is present from Local relay, the local CB will trip

    Zone 2 timer is reset after the fault is cleared

    If zone 2 timer times out it will trip the local CBs irrespective of Tone
    signals from receiver to provide a backup protection

    If the fault is out of zone, then relay at the remote terminal will not pickup
    and removes the Guard frequency, preventing local relay to trip

    Loss of Guard signal for six cycles continuously will disable the channel
    equipment and continuous alarm will deactivate the relays

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