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    Sibelius Biography

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    Sibelius Biography

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    Sibelius Biography

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    Sibelius Biography

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf
    225 views28 pages

    Sibelius Biography

    Uploaded by

    dieguito-morales
    Sibelius Biography

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    JEAN SIBELIUS Johan Christian Juv Sibel ~ Janne ois fiends ~ was born in the small jurrscon town of Hameenlinn, north of Helsinki, on 8th December 1865, the Second of thre children. His father, a doctor and noted bom viveur, ded when Janne was only eo, leving the family Brances in prcarous ste and the family moved in with his maternal grandmother Alkough the language spoken at home wat Swed, Janne attended Hameenlinasponcering Finnish peak {ing grammar school, where he displayed ely imagination that made up fora certain lack of academic dixipline “Music was encouraged at home, an the Siti chilren formed piano trio anne was the violin, his sinter Linda the pianist and his brother Christan Played the cello. Showing a zeal that was notably absent from his school ls font, Janne devoured treatises on composition. Before long he was improvising and composing pieces of his own, nialy influenced by cntal European dance tous andthe Viennese clases; Vattendroppar (Water Drop a tiny pice for ‘olin and cello pisos bleed oe is a surviving conmpiion, dating from around 1875. In 1885 Janne finished school and moved to Telok, nom inally to study la atthe universe, although he also enelled a the recely founded Music Intute. Ie was not long before the law studs were quietly dropped and he concentrated excustely on mui; he started offal compos tio seadies under the Institute dinero, the ardent Wagneite Martin Weglus, in ealy 1887. During the holiday periods ~ visting his father family im the coastal resort of Lovis, or saying in the tye environment of Korpo inthe ‘ark archipelago ~ Janne experimented freely. His muse from thee years de splays a seemingly inexhausble melodic fecundity as well as an inctasingly secute and original sense of form, during his student years in Helsinki that Janne now sing the “music name” Jean, having discovered some visting cards bearing that name tat ad belonged to deceased uncle who ad travelled widely ava sea captain ~ met and fll in love with Aino Jiretely, daughter of 2 general and sister to such ‘promising young cultural figures asthe painter ero, che writer Avid and the Conductor and composer Armas, But the young Jam Sibelius, for all his apy ‘eveloing personal charms, was still too inexperienced ~ and 10 mpecunion to be considered an appropriate suitor He dil, however, umber many fare luminaries of Fish calor among his fends, among them the authors Adal Paul and Juhani Aho. He also befriended the composer and conductor Robert Kajanus and the pianist and composer Feeuccio Busoni, who was engaged for a while ea teacher athe Masi Insitute. In 1889 Sibelius left Finland to pursue his studies abroad ~ fist to Berl where fora complete academic year he was subjected tothe sect tle o [Allee Becker and in consequence composed ery ltl}, and then to Vienna, ‘wher he took lesons fom Robert Fuchs and had consulations with Kal God ‘hark. In both cies e ved far above his means and enthusiastically nurtured a st for fine wines and cigars. His works from the Viena period (1890-91) are ‘wie-anging and delight n experimentation t was here that he became fully {ware of the potenal ofthe Banish epic poem, the Kaleala as a source of mu ‘al inspiration. He now started to write more ambitious orchestral works and tras soon hard at work on a manivefxemovement picce for soloist, male Choir and orchestra with « Kaloala texte Kalle. Back in land, Sibelos ‘conducted Kallevo to great acelin in Ape 1892. The work marked is breaks Through and smoothed the way to his mariage to Aino that June. “The 1890s were atime of increasing politcal dscoment in Finland. Akhough ic was nominally an autonomous grand duchy ofthe Rusian empire, the coan- ‘ays powers of eldetermination were gradually being croded by 2 series of Rus sian decrees and manifeos, culminating inthe notorious Febriary Manifesto of 1899 that severely curled Finlands legislative powers. The reaction to such measures was defiant, ot least in cultural icles Daring these years Sibelius interest n chamber masi declined bu, in ation vo piano pices, choral works And songs, he produced a ser of orchesal toe poems and ablesux that helped to-confm his postion a the foremost misial champion ofthe Finish ational isrcause~ fle he combined with those of father toa seal expanding brood ‘of daughter and regular cosomer a Helnkis mos fashionable watering holes, where be ad his colleagues spent many an evening and night drinking and pio Sophizing. Works such as sig, Karelia, The Wood-Niyomph, the Lem then Suite (including The Swan of Twomela) and the Press Celebrations Music {incon Fidei all dae from this period though many were later substan tially veised. Sibiu dabbled with oper and with Wagner ~ and even vised [Bayreuth in 1894 — but ulimatly found char Wagner’ music repelled him 35 ‘much as i aacte hm, His own plas to prodace 3 music drama in the Wagner fan manner came o nothing (although some mater foun its way ito the Lam ‘minkinen Suite and probaby alo The Wood. Nymph). His only complete opera Isaone-act piece, The Matden i the Tower, from 1896, which x handicapped by weak libreto and has not won a regular plac inthe repertory. An atempe chat ear to secure a teaching postion at Helsinki University failed, perhaps fort fous, bu n 1897 siblan was awarded a smal sae scholarship. Contrary to Popular belt, his by no means feed him from Bnancial worries: indeed, he ‘Spent money so fely that he would remain in debe for several decades wo come, Just before dhe tu ofthe century Sibelin made is mark in two further genres. His rst major theatre score was the music fora prodcton at Hesiak Swedish Theatre of Adolf Pauls hisorial drama King Christion I (1898) ~ the beginning ofa series of works, mostly forthe Swednh Theatre oe forte (Fe nishanguage) National Theatre, that was to win immense aclaim, Indeed one ‘of Sibelin's most popular pices, Vale tite (1903), started lie s incidental Imac for the symbols play Kuolema (Dest) by the composes brother le [Arid imei. The sccond gente was the symphony, an arena that Sibelius ‘mcered on 21st April 1899 when his Fist Symphony bras premired under Bs ‘own baton in Helsinki. This was a pivoal work in Sie’ carer. Without Shandoning the tne poem as an expressive outlet for music of a mare progzam mabe nature, he now took a decisive step away from the Wagnerian word hat had occupied ioe daring much ofthe 1890s, casting a personal voe of contd cei absolute music and in the symphonic tration tha stretched back othe Viennese classics. Taking this auton as is starting pont, he Was DOW 9 follow symphonic course vo unique that is importance and influence ate only ‘ose starting fo become fly apparent nthe eany years of che twentieth cena Sibeliw's ie underwent many changes. With the Second Symphony and Viole Concerto e took his leave of the grand, national romantic sve (he emir ofthe later work ~ i icon siderably more dificult orginal form ~ was severly compromised by ann tsdoquate solos), The death of one of hi daughters, Kirt, fom eps 1900 ame as profound blow, and the fllowing year, while working on the Second ‘Symphony inal, he came clos olsing another daughter to the same disease Acknowledging the problems ~ both personal and professional = that were caused by hs energetic "socializing in Hebsink, he and his family moved away Fit to Kerava and then to Jarvenpaa. Her, in September 1904, they moved ‘toa villa bul expressly fo them and named Ainola after the composers wie He had, moreover sequited a new confidant in the music lover Axel Caplan, ‘whose advice and support would help o sustain telus through many a tal ‘was Carpelan who suggested the name for Panda! ‘After his move o Ainola, Sibeus’s music acquited a more cons, casa tone, clearly demonstrated in the Third Symphony (1907) This symphony seems to have grown in part from an abandoned three-part oratorio, Marta, on a Finnish vatian of the story of Jesus Crist. Bur Sibelius was not greatly dawn to conventional religious music and preferred to express his deeply eld pan theistic convictions in works such at the songs Hosthvll (Autumn Evening, 1903) and Pa verondan vid haver (Ona Balcony bythe So, 1903) ‘A few years late Silas suffered a severe heh sare. A throat tumour was iagnoned and, although i was removed in 1908 after a numberof surgical pos dares, he was persuaded to abstain from his beloved cigars and alcohol for tome years eis often maintained thatthe predominantly dark, concentrated And ascetic mood of Sibeisss major works from the enasing years ~ among them the Fourth Symphony (1911) the tone poems The Bard and Luomnotar (both 1913) the sting quartet Voces nme (1909) and the Three Sonatinas for iano (1912) ~isa by product of his morbid fear ofa recurrence ofthe cancer ‘At any tae the bleakess ofthe Fourth Symphony came as shock o his con femporarics and Sis himself said that was a protest agains present-day ‘music Ir has nothing, absolutely nothing of the ccs about it” 1914 brought a hope that was not to be realize. Sibelius paid a tramphal Wise co the United States, where he was fed lavishly and condacted the re Imire ofthe tone poem The Oceanides atthe Norfolk Music Festival to gest Acclaim, Yale University awarded him an honorary doctorate (not to be ou on, Helsinki University did the same) Even Sibel, whose impact in financial matters was incurable, realized the commercial potential ofthe Amen «an concer scene, and he would have been keen to retur ~ but the Fest World ‘War intervened. As mach of his music wae published by German fms soch 3+ Brctkopf&€ Hartel and Lienau, he found his income dwindling to a ecle, and for the next fw years he had lle opin but eo remain at ome, Loc pub- Tishers had a steady demand for shower works ~ piano miniatures, oF pecs for olin and piano ~ and Sbsive did nor dsappoine. He turned once more to ‘igars and alcohol a stimulans, sein moderation but then with increasing ‘Ganpubion. The major work from these yeors was the Ff Syplhony, which Sppeated in its orginal fourmovement form at Seis ith birthday con ‘atin 1915 bue was soon withdrew fo eision By the time he was ity Sibelius was already anionic cukural ur in Fn land, and was highly reapeced compose internationally a6 well, hut he was stn debe and his status did or protect him fom the indignity of vis from ‘he bailiffs, who tried to lay claim to grand piano that had been itieth birthday present, Nord it preven the Red Guard from searching his home, oF the Siete family from having to seek refuge in Heli ding the chil war ‘hac followed the Russian Revolution of 1917 and Finland ensuing declaration ‘of independence, In this conflict he supported the conservative (and ulimately ‘ctriows) Whites and his March ofthe nish Jer Battalion, though origin. aly composed anonyutousy, served as a potent syabol of hs alogiacex, ‘Meanwhile the Bt Symphony was going through extended laboor pins. A revised version (1916) had ao been withieaw, andi was not wl 1919 that Sis was happy’ with i By that ime e ad Tos a valued fend: Axel Carpelan ‘Bed few month before the deliv version ofthe oymphony was fet beard “The Sith and Seven Symphonies strike out yet again in new diccins The modally coloared Seth (1923) in which many erties speak ofthe influence of Palestina is pedominanly ged and poetic, whist the Seventh (1924), og inal manmed Aoveiacnfonta, i acblesinglornoveeeeelfice thet nei slates and crowns Sibelius symphonic achievement. He frequently conducted his own music but, after an embarrassing incident in Gothenbarg in 1923 when 2 immoderte intake of champagne before the concert adversely affected his Peformance, he redoced and eventually gave up his conducting commitments. ‘After the Seventh Syrapbony Sibelica composed two more mule works, the incidental msi to Shakespeare’ play The Tempest (1925) fora production in ‘Aino and Jean Sibi (1945) Copenhagen and the tone poem Tapio (1926), commission from New York, before launching inca monumental strvagle with hin Eighth Symphony ln hit sixties Seis had a ast achieved a degree of financial secur and could con ‘erate exclusively the new symphony. Expectations were ranting high nd ‘conductors competed forthe honour of giving the premiére Bu old age brought ‘an increasingly rigorous selricam at well asa shaky hand that made dif. ule o write and, in the end, Sieve admited defeat. In the mid-1940s he burned «number of manuscripts and, as far as we en tell the Eighth Sympho- snywas anong them. The term the sence from Jirvenp has been coined to describe the com- poser later years at Ainola, but this only tll pare of the erat. Admitedly {here were no more major work, but he continued to make occasional revisions and arangement aswell as plying hos o innumerable visiting musians, dig. ‘tris and famuly member. Jan Sibelius died peacefully at home on 20th Sep tember 1957. ‘Sibelius character displays numerous of contradictions. On the one hand he was a solitary nature lover and pantheist with a special fascination with the {reat migrating birds sich as swans and cranes anda profound need for the Slaton ofthe Finish countryside. On the other hand he was 4 grearious socialite who mixed easily in high society (eventhough, ro his own gest disp ointment, he came from middleclass rather than arocratic sock) and thot ‘oughly enjoyed beng the focus of attention in great cies throughout Earope And on his one vst to Ameria His lifestyle, when he had the chance to indulge it, was colourful and lavish fine wines and champagne, cigar, exquisitely tailored suits ad luxury hoe In consequence he was bese by mountain of debe throughout his eretive carer and was constantly reliant upon donations fom his tayo fom fends soch 5 Axel Carpelan. By conta, the various properties he rented wn 1904 and siocrarny ” -Ainola, the ila ia which he spent the rest of is fe, were by no means diseo portionate 1 his needs. Hi relationships with his wife Aino and with clon a istic associates such a RobereKsjanus could be tempestuous, bt were founded fn a deep and enduring respect that allowed them to survive the various cise. Sites was well aware of his special gifts. lathe diary tht he epe from 1909 uns 1944 he often apostrophes himself as “glorious og”. The dry also refles his rapidly changing moods frm In good spies ~ again + Himalay’ to "Have ben in Hades) as well his acute sensitivity to any kind of rtm He would eagerly read reviews of his music eventhough he was often deeply wound by what the eritis wre expecially she fel that they had misunderstood of ‘misrepresented his purpose. Inthe end, though, he was his own severest city, cher caer to withdraw or suppres works that he di not regard as meeting hs fown exacting standards It was this slfritical aitade that brought about the Gestucton of the Fighth Symphony, but the very same character tat also forced him co keep on revising the Fh unl twas perfect. Ina interview in 1948 Sibelius offered the advice to younger composers: ‘Never write # super fluous note; every note mus live’ His music presents compelling proof of howe hh hinset applied this principle throughout his lng and distinguished career (© Andrew Barnett 2006 o Sibel sa srdent (1889) JEAN SIBELIUS Johan Christian Jui Sibelius — ystivien esken Jane sty pines Himeen Tinnanvaroskuntakaupungss 8. jalukuuta 1865, roisenaperheenKolmestalp- sesta. Hanen sis, lak j tannery elamangatiskelia, Kuol Jannen ollesa ‘asta kaksvootisjeten pereentaloadenepsvarmaantaan, a prhe mut yiteenJannenaidinadin Kans. Vaikka perheen kolo roo, Janne ki Sranuurtavaa womenkilts Himeenlinnan Normaahiysot, jos han ost vilkastamicikviusa, koraten ls deta akatcemisen Karin posetaa Ketona kannusterin musik pain ja Sibelioksen peer lapset moodos tiv pianotion Janne soit valu, Linda sskopianon ja Christian ver slloa). Janne ahi sivelstakasitelevistutkielmia slsslainnontkaell, js hi nell el selvastician olla koulunyniaKahtaan Ei aikasaan, kan hi jo provi ja stl oma kappales, joka svat lus wakes keskearoopp Feisesta anssimusiksa ja wenlaskassismista,Pinen,noin wodela 1873 pe isin olevan kappalen Vatindroppar (Vesiparoa) vill a sell pis ‘aio, wskoraan olevan havea ensimmainen slyny sivellksensi.Vuonna 1885 Janne si koulunsaloppoun ja muti Helsinki, nimelliest Iukemaan lait vliopisosa, vatka han myos kivjoietautl sisi vast persian Helsingin Masilkiopston. Lakiopinnr jaivitmelko pian kakess hiljasuudess, ja hin esky yan musik, Hin alot viralse svellyopintonss opaton job tajan, Kthkein wagnesiaanin Marin Wegeluksenjohdolla vuoden 1887 aku puolella. Loma-aikoinaan ~ vielen ssa suvan Iuona Loninan eanniose lla tai veten akaa Korppoon idlisesi ympiistssi Tarun saatsossa — hhan tek vapaita Kokeja. Hanon musikk tuola sje osotaasmesen htymatons melodie toreliniouta sek enenevise min vara ja oma perkins moodon aoa, Opiskeluvuosiaan Helsingsss Janne ~ kayteien ayt “musibkinimedin”™ Jean, joka oi loytanye jo edesmennect, maailmaa pljon merkaprenina ke ‘nels ja tuota imes Kantanectasedsitaan anes kaynioreesta~ apa ‘Ano Jareflin jarakasuitahin. Aino ol Kenraalin tyr ja hinen vlan rat nuortlupaaat kuluarihahmoe taidetaslar Eero, kia Arvid ja ky pellimestar ja sivelejt Armas, Mata avon Jean Sibelios lt nopeast chit. ‘isl vichitysvoimastan huolimata viel ian Kokematon ~ jalan vaaton — ollsksen vartenotttava kon. Hinen ystivins lokeutus ken moni levis stomalaisenkultgurin merkkibenkilth, katen Killa Adolf Paul ja Juhani Aho, Hanen ytivitan olvat myos sive ja kapelimestari Robert Kas Janus ja pans a sivelia Ferrucio Buon, joka tint jokin kaa Helsingin Musikidopmton opetjans ‘Yoon 1889 Sibelius lhe Suomesajkaakseenopinnjaan lkomail. Ens hin men: Belin, joss in yhden okonasen Ikavuoden jan ol altettana Allert Becker iokan akatemiseenobjaukseen (ja savelsi aman searauksena tyvin vihia), Tana jalleen hin meni Wien, josa haa ott tunesja Rober Fuchsia ja ai neuoja Karl Goldmarita. Molemmisa kaupungesa han lr le i varcjrn a eh snnlkaan makusan hime wine a sharin Linen svelyksensa Wieni-aksoka (1890-91) ovat monipuoisa ja hokeewas ddan aikava jour silloin hin tli tysn etka Suomen Ksnsallacepok- Sen, Kalevalan, mahdolisaukssta mails nspaatin laced. Han ako: s- velit kunnianhimoisempia orksteriteoksa ja yéskentelikn pian ahkerast Kalevlanvekstin peustvan, soit, meskuoole ja orkesterile kijtetan Imastivsenvisiosaisenteoksen,Kaleron,kansa, Tile allen Suomen, Sie Tus jobs Kallen suurella menesyksllshubtkuuss 1892. Tes merits! hile lpimarto ja fasoit tet aviolitoon Ainon kasi saman vuoden Kesakuvssa. 1890-luku olt Suomessa lstamtyvan poltiseneyyeymattomyyden alka, Vaikka Suomi ol nimelsestVenajan Kesarkunnanautonominensuurrutinas- ELAMAKERTA nea, naan iemiieiimisvata oat ascitainnakertanet Venn asttamat sido ja manifest, huipennasena kas, Suomen lainsiadineivalta me Ieeivstrjoitanae helmioun manifests ywonna 1999. Reaktioniin tome piteisn, eka vahten Suomen kuleauripireisa, ol ukmakas. Nang wioxna Sie Faksen kinnonus kamarimusitkin vahen, mutta panokappaleide, kuootcos ten ja aun Tish han tei srian orkestalsiasiverunoa ja kuvali is auto’ varmistamaan hinen ssemanea siomalaisen kanaisuusateen Keke Simpand musiklisena estasteljana. Hanells ali mys rolinna tssnesi Kas ‘an yiepesacensa nn ja kantaasiakkaanaHelngin moodikkaimmies haps ois, joss hi holegoidensaLanssa viet monet lt ja ye juoden ja flo. foiden. Tals sianaksolta ovat perssin mm. roksct Sat, Karla, Metsdnhal tj, Lemminkas saa sislien Twonelan jousenen) ja Muse Sanomaeh dist piven juhlanaytintoin (sislten Filandion,vaikkakin han borat ‘monia nists myohemmin, Sibelius askarel oopperan ja Wagnerin paisa ~ ja fops veal Bayrethsa voonna 1894 ~ muta tl lola sien eulokacen, et Wagperin mosh inhow hat yh paljon kuin vehttikn. nen omat san ‘telmanestehdi musikidraama Wagnein ry evi oeatunet(aikka ost. ‘materialist lyskin tens Lemmink-sayjaan ja todenoakoisest myos Met Sinbaltjaay) Hien ainoa kokonainen copperansa on rood 1896 pecisin ‘leva yhsinayrdksinenteos Neto torn, onka puute onsen hikko libro, fd tcon ole lytsny paikkaansa ooppeatalojen peusohjcimico Vis vt. Imisaa opetutoimi Helsingin yiopioseaeplonnit, kentesKakeksl ono, tutta veonna 1897 Sibelukselle myénnetin pieni valtolinen taiteij-apu ‘ah. Toisn kuin usein lula, tama ef millasn muotos vapautanat hint Toudelisista huolista:todellakn, han kaye rahaa mii vapaasi, ec tui oe ‘aan yloia viel seiden vuouymmenien aan, Juuriennen voorsadan vaihdetaSibeivs tli runners mys kahdessa hee lj, Hien tld ensimmaiensuuren yttamomusikkine Helsingin Rootslaisesa tetera estenyy Adolf Paulin historiallsen draamaan Ku: nga Kriton I (1898). Tam ol sk arial, enimmahscen Ruowalasele teat. ‘ere ja Kanuallisteaterile kote teoksn, jot tlvat samaan vakavan Sosion, Ine asiassa pha Sbelaksensuosituiaista kappalesa, Vale triste {1903} ol aun prin jour yttimmnikkin sven langon Avid Jeotelin symbolisiseen nayelmain Kuolems. Toinen la ot sinfoni,jonka manimaan ‘vel ast 214.1899 johtesaan Helsing ite enim snfomansa Kantaesiyhsen. Hylaamatessivelranoa objelmalsemman fvonten omaavan ‘musikin puhurlevanasmaisukeinona, hin om nyt pasesien skeen pos ‘wagneraanssts maaiimasts, jonka vals hin ok ltt souren onan 1890 ‘sta, Han anos henklkosenInramsalauscnsa absolute maski a ‘nfonisellepernel oka loti ana wienisklassickohin ati. Otaen tian rine ihrokohdakscn, hin tl eurannecks ina made aiutaatusa sno ‘ia sounta, et en tekeys ja vakutus aletaan yma aysin vasa yt 1900-lovonalkavvosina Sibelsksenelimased cli paljon mautosia. Toten inforansa ja vulkonsertonea moos hin jt tahyvsnet ssl, romane seller vakkakin vimeksi manitun teeksen~nimenomaan sen huomats ‘as vaikeamman alkuperdisversion = ensiesitykscst ol palon Kompromisjs taidoilsansttamsttoman soisin vas). Kist-eyearen kuolemiten Lavan ‘in vuonna 1900 tl hill ankaana skuna, ja seuraavana vuonna fysken ‘elles foie snfonanae paras Kalas, ha ol halla monet cisenkin ‘yetarensaman strauden vuoks. Myoncien ongeimansa~sck henklokohtaset {th ammatilic otk aieatuivathinen trmokkaasta"sositcrauksstan” Helsing, hin maut pereincen pois, ensinKeravlle ja sien Jarvenpahin Silla he mouttiat wonna 1904 vara vasten belle akennetuun huvilan, joka imettin Aino! saveltjn vaimon mukaan. Lisaksi Sibelius oi sanut uuden {tskottunsa Axel Carpelanise,jonka neuvot ja tuk kannatiat hanes monien oetelemusten yi, Jour Carpelan st myos Foland ime! [family sene at Ainoa (1915) Aicolaan emuttamisen jilkeen Sibeinsen musi ai soppeamean, kis sien diner, oka kolo sels Kolmarneassnfoiates (1907). Tama sinfonis hayes kasvance ostainhyatystaKolmiosaisesta Marjta-oratorist,jonka ‘msi olla suomalsnen vase kertomaleleJesoksenta. Mutt pesnteinen tskonnollinen musik’ ei veeinye Sibeista suaremmin puolenss, Ja han i tsi syvin panies vokaumuksensa milourmin masa weoksiss, katen Taulissa Hosta (1903) a Pa verandan id have (1903) ‘Muutamaa vutts mydhemmin Sibelius pekastvakavasiterveytensd puo esta Hanelt oi dagnosoita kasvainkurkussa, ja vaikka se monien Kirurgsten toumenpteden tloksena poistetin wuoana 1908, hint tavutlin plates man rakastamiensa Skane a alkohoinnautimisesta oidenkin yuosien aks. ‘On usin sano, ets hinen tcl seuaavien vuonienpldteoksistaan valtsevana ‘leva turma, keskittyyt ja askeetinen tunnel ols svutuotehanen siraal= losses pelontaan svn mahdollista uusstumista Kobtaan. Nahin weoksin = Keatavat nei sinfomia (1911), sivelrunot Bardi ja Luomotar(molemmat 1913), jouskvareo Voces intmae (1909) ja obme sonata pianolle (191). Joka tapauksessanelnnen snfonin kolkkous tli shokkina hinenaikala- ‘lle, ja Sibelius ite sano teokaenolevan "kuin vataluse meidin paviemme ‘ively Sima el ollenkaan,ehdortomast llenkaan irks." ‘Wuosi 1914 toi mukanaan toiveen, joka ei kutenkaan Koskasn toteutunut Seta veri voitoisast Yhdysalloisa, jossa hata join ylenpalttsest, ja han johe suurella menesyksllasivelrunonsa Aalorart kantestyhsen Yalen yliopisto ancoihanellekunniatohtorin arvon (Helsingin yliopisto teki sama ee jas huoaommaks) Jopa Sibliun,jonka epakayesnndlsys talon ‘esis ais oll parantumatonta, ymmasi amerikkaaisen konsertkentin taloudelliset mahdolisode, ja hin ot plant sine milust ~ muta En ‘immainen maaimansoa tu vln. Koska sakealaee yrityhact kuen Becithopt [&' Hire! ja Lienaa hustansvatsuaren onan hiner musikitan, Nin a PLAMAKERTA » oe ile ang mtanan ivan ol 6 rita mahdoliak in py oto, Paka hasan saat Tn nines hie kas Banominnytj Kapaa vale jn panole~ ck hin taotani petyah. Ha lys lken elie psy Start a akoholic, cin mallet ta sen kava pakonomar Suna Naidenvasien patos ol ides snfona, joka Kou lupe Aehosaiens moodomsan Sieuksen 0-votjelokonserssa vu 1915, tut jka vet pia pois koja vane, Sibelakieta ot $0 avoteen memes Jo muodotunut kaluar kon Saomesa, ja han ol my kansas arom avy Ha o Kater kin eelcen vlna, ck hinensscmaneasojannt int losoaen vera Tun aibetamalnndyeyeksclsnaden yeast van Hsllen hae 9 aks saamaanasfygsh Se ct yonkan etinye panskaart uk Imastahanen kota ti sunt hinen pert nm tes esi bs a ‘inmates sojaa HelngtaVenjan vod 1917 vallankumensta a Suomen sysuluna seuranseen kansalatendan aia, Tata tastes han noi tkensaLonsratviile (ja lope voit) walkers johinen Ja Birmarsins,vabhakin alan psn sively sala, pal Raven ekolsae tena vikevindsmboin Samaan alkaan vide sifons ol ptkieycien synnyysoskienkours, Myos Korat verso (196) af vedeny pot J Sino yryanen shes asta vuona 1919. Shen enna hin ol icatayt arotamans van ‘xl Caplan kok mntmaa aukautseonen kui sinfnianlopalinen ve ‘sio klein ensi kerran, oe © Kader j etsomas sinfonia klkivat len obi win sun. Moda “ses vartyye keer fom (1923), onka ala tones kot pout ian valkusa, on ennscenlempes rool, kn ass Sinfonia (192), alispesnls miele Fanta fone, on jlo Yh ‘ossnen noms, joka kraunan Sibelsksensinfoisersaavtukset Hn ob sin ‘oles maa musikisan, muta Geecborgsa vaoana 1923 tapahruneen nolo ‘Sheumuksen seurauksena, Kun lialien samppanjan nautiminen ennen kor Serta ol vaicutana eplcdlisest hinen eimeymiseensi, han vahensikapel- ‘mestartehtaviaan ja lpulalvopa ish ‘Seisemnnen snfnian jalkeen Seis sivels ve kaksisurea wos, mu sik Kedpenkaminaca esters taotamtoon Shakespearenniytelmista Myrsky (1925) ja sivelunon Tapiols (1926), oka oli New Yorks eal aus ennen hinen ryhrymistién monumentaliscentitoon kahdelsannen infoniansa kim puss, Sibelius ok 60 woden ian saavutaesaan vinein saavartant talowdell en varmuuden dan ja pysty aia olen keskitymsn yhsinomaan teen sino fiaan. OdoruetolivatKorkella, js KapelimestaritklpiivatKunniasta sada Johtaateoksenensiesiys: Motta Korken iki tot mokanaan ents ankaramman Isckitikin ja vapisevan, kirjomtamintahankaloitavan Kaden, ja lop Sibelius tennustiappionsa, 1940-luvunpuolvss hia poles suuren maaran ask tulsa, a ahdekaesnfona oi nykyisten ton mukaan iden joukoss. “Termi "Jarvenpan hifssues” on muodostnet kuvaamaan sveliin myo Ihempin voosia Aimolassa, mutta ama kertoo vain osan orwuta. Eitimats ‘surntcoksia ena syntymy, mata an jatko satunnasten Korausten ja so ‘austen tekemt Han myos toimi isnt lkuisille virile mowsikol, “vowel ja pesheensenile Jean Sibelias kuoirauhasa kotonaan 20. sys ue 1957, ‘Sibelukienpersoonasa on loka ristiritaiuuksa. Yale hin oi omiin oloihinsa veiyty luonnonystivd ja panes ota Kebeoierityisest suurten linen kutenjoutsenten ja kurkien mutt, jajlla oli sou tave eistytys stomalaiseile maaseudlle,Toisalta hin rakas hikkua seurapiris ja, viet Imielost ikea hienowton kanssa(vikkakin, suurchsipetymykseksen,hinen ‘mat urensaolvarpikermin kesk- Kain ylaluokkast), ja aut huomion ELAMAKERTA a Leskipices olemista suri Laupungi yp Furooppa ia anoaksi isin version Ameritas, nae Haven elimina, kon hinelli lt mahdolisus pais se valilleen, li vars a ruhlavaines eno ing, samppanas kare ernomsset ‘natalia pus j loohotlga. Taman curauhacns hits yop al fait velit lpi Koko ura, ja hin ol jakavast sipuvainen perce a Youvins, hate Axel Carpelninrekemists ajotult. Vasakoane tlle hnenvooren 1904 mend vkrasmanea monet iksesej Aol jos han asi loppuclimins vt isin mootos leet subtetonahanen ape sins nabden. Hinensshtcenss Aino vstoon ja eisintaecisin mppe ‘eins katen Robert Ksjanahaeensattowat ola myrkyis, mata chat rot lj hel kaso sor han shania Sitlis ot hyinsetoineneriyisabakhaudexsan. Vuong 1909-44 pit missin paivakijasa hin pote tuedan“stelesana gone", Patina faila myer hinen nopessi musuva micalojaan,jakus “Feld tule = Himsa len” oninan tas "Oknolt Fhe, ska hinen ve Imakasta herkyyeaan hakensacn kin. Han lk incl moist Tehyj sro, vakka hin wacinlokkaaotakin sys rij Kor tukssa,varsikin jos ko! aiden ymmarneen ti estancen varia hanen pi iar. Loppujn lop hi oi kitekin se karin kitkhons le in nno- ‘etimian pos kappleta tt eatin joaieminen, mil hn kato vt ne aytncthinen oma tkkoj tect, Jor tam ncitinen jh kahdetsamen sfontn havitamacen, muta samaien lone ko hinet myo Krjaaman side sonia kanes eo tei ‘Voonna 1948 chy asso hin aman neon nore Sel Alaa koskan Kritako medin tarpon not ls kane io pitt cli" Hien musikkinsa on taitava rode ses, hunks han ise now {hit sama perateea koko pata a hoomatavanwrans aan (© Andrew Barnett 2006 Linda, Christian and Jen Sibel 1876) JEAN SIBELIUS Johan Christian Julius Sibi ~ von seinen Freunden Janne’ genannt ~ wurde fm 8, Dezember 1865 in dem kleinenfinnscen Garssonsstdchen Hmeen- ina als wits von drei Kinder geboren. Sein Vates, cin Arzt ond hekanmter Bonvvant sar, al Janne gerade zwei Jahre alk wag, and hater die Familie in prekiren finanzellen Verhslnisse, so da@ si zu der GroBmotter miter licherecits umzichen muBte. Obwobl zu Hause Schwedsch gesprochen wurde, ‘esuchte Janne in Himeeninns das erste Sanischsprachige Gymnasiam Finn lands wo er eine latte Phanasie an den Tag lege die enengewisen Mange an schulache Diszplin Kompensiere Das Maisieren wurde 24 Hause sche gefrdert, und die Gechwster Sibeios bildeten cn Klviertrio (Jane war der Geiger, seine Schwester Linda die Panis tin and sein Bruder Christan der Celis). Mic einem Fife, den seine Schlau {ben durchaue vermisten been, verchlang Janne Komposionsihrbiche. Es ‘divert nicht lange, und er komponire egene Sticke, die anfangs uner dem infu miteleuropischer Tanzmusk und der Wiener Klas standen; Vater ‘chon einiges Material her in dee Lomninkainon Sut und wohl auch in der TWaldnymphe Verwendung and). Seine cinzige vollendete Oper ist ein enaktiges Stack aus dem Jahr 1896, Das Madchen im Tur, das an einem schwachen Lieto Krank und sich Keinen Patz mt Repertoire erobern kone In diesem Jahr versacte ex, cine Lehestelle an der Universitat Helsinki zo erhalten, aber der Versuch schlvgglkhcherwese fh 1897 aber wurde Sibel cin Kenes Statstipendiom resprochen. Im Unterschied zu der landlaufigen Annahme hat ihn dies keineswegsBinaniler Sorgen enthoben;vilmehe gab er 50 fe 20gig Geld aus, da er noch mebrere Jahrzchte mit Schulden eben mute, “Kure vor der Jahrhundertwende sett Sibelivs in zwei weiteren Gattungen Zeichen. Sein erste hedeutende Buhnenpatcur war die Mik fr eine Produk tion von Adolf Pals hsteschem Drama Konig Kristin Il. (1898) an Schwed Schen Theater in Hels ~ der Aufakt ou ener Ree von Werkenzumes fit das Schwedische Theater oder das (fonnchoprachie) Nationaltheae, di im smensen Erfolg haben sole. Tatsichlichgehore eines von Sibelius’ belictesten Sticken, Vale mite (1903), uespringlich zur Schavpilmasik far das symbo- listsche SchauspielKuolema (Der Tod) aus det Feder von Situs” Schwager ‘Arvid Jarnefe Die zweite Gattng war die Symphonic cine Aren, die Sbelas ‘am 21, Apyil 1899 mit der von ihm geleteten Uraulfahrang seiner Eston Sym ‘hone in Helsinki beat. Dies war ei Schlisclwerk in Sibelius’ Karriere. Ohne Ai Symphoniche Dichtung als expresives Vent far Mak prgrammatischeren CCharaktersauaugehen at er ierit einen enicheidenden Schr weg von det ele Wagnes, die th in den 1890er Jaren lange beschifigs hate, und speach der absoluten Musik sowie der symphonischen Tradition bis hin zur Wiener lasik sein enschiedens Verrauen aus. adem x von dieser Tradition useing, verfolge er jet einen symphonachen Kurs von solcher Einzigarigkit, da Seine Bedeutung und sein Ein erst heute vol 2 ermesen sind In den ersten Jaren des 20. Jahrhonders war Sibelius Leben vielen Ande ‘angen wteeworien, Mit der Zeiten Symphonie und dem Violinkonzert vera Schiedete et sich vom groennationalromantachen Stl (auch wenn dic Ursa fihrung des leteren Werks ~ in der betrichtich schwiergeren Ufassung — durch cinen ungeigneren Slsten eelich beintrchig wurde), Det Tod seiner “cher Kirst an Typhus war ein schweerSchicksalsclag des Jahres 1900 im Jahr darauf ~ Stelios arbetete gerade in Iaien an der Zueiten Symphonic Inte er beinahe noch eine Tochter an dicebe Krankheitverlocen Als Kons que aus den sowohl pevaten wie herufichen Problemen, ie sine rege Gee. Sibelius at the time ofthe Fourth Symphony (1911) ligket in Helsinki veruracht, siete er mit weiner Fame 2verst nach Kerava und dann nach Jarvenpia um. Hier beg dhe Familie im Sepember 1904 eine ‘gens fr se gebaute Vil die in Anlehmang an den Namen seiner Fraw Anola Ienanne warde.Auerdem hatte erin Axel Carpelan einen neven Verraten ge ‘wonne, dessen Rat und Untersttang Sibelius durch so manche Prifng been Sole. Carpelan auch war es der den Namen Finland sree Nach seiner Ubersiedlang nach Ainola nah Sibelius’ Musk cinen prise ten, Kasncheren Tonfall an, wie de Drite Symphonie (1907) deutch aig. Diese Symphonie scheint reweise aus dem verworfenendesiteligen Oratoram Marjattaiber eine fnnsche Variante der Geschichte Jesu hervorggangen sein. Aer Sibelius fahle sich ich sondevich ra konventonellergesaticher Mar Sik ingezogen und 20g x vor, sine ef empundenen panthestachen Uber fgungen in Werken wic den Liedern Hostal (Herstabend, 1903) und Pd ve anda vid vet (Auf dom Balkon am Meer, 1903) aseudricken ing Jabre spite eit Sela einen schwerengesundeitichen Schlag Ein Kehlkopumor wurde diagnostive, und obuchon deer 1908 durch mehvere Chirurgsche Eingrifeenfert werden konnte, li Seis sich dazu bewegen, tinge Jahre auf acne pelebeen Zgarren und den Alkohol zu verichten, Of wird behaupet, da de vorwicgend dunkle,konzentriee und asketche Stim mung in den bedeutenden Werken der Flgcahre~ darunter die Vier Symph tie (1911), die Symphonschen Dichtungen Der Barde und Luonnotar (bide 41913), das Sereichqaret Voces intimae (1909) und die Drei Sontinn fi Kls vier (1912) ~ der Furct vor einer Wiederkehe des Krebsesgechulet se. Dic trosiose Karghet dr Veron Symphonie jednflls war ein Schock fir seine Zeit ieossn, und Sibelius slber sage, se sc ein Protet gegen die heutige Mosi. An keine wirklich keiner Selle ling ste nach Zk” Das Jahr 1914 wecke cine Hoffnung, die ich niche efile sll. Sibelis™ USA Besuch wurde cn wiumphaerErfoly Er wurde enthusiastic geet, die ‘oa ton gleitet Uraffahrang sine Symphonischen Dichrung Die Okeaiden ‘beim Norfolk Music Festival worde begeiert afgenommen und die Yale Uni ‘erst verlch sh den Ehrendoktorte was de Universitat Helink! nicht auf ‘ich sitaen lund Be auch selber tt) Slit Sibelis,dessen Unbcholfenheit in finaneicllen Dingen ualbar war, erkannte das Kommersiclle Potential des “mmerkanachen Konzetbercbs und wire geen wiedergekommen ~ aber det Este Weltreg vee ies. Da cin Gotti scinee Ma be deatchen Firmen ‘wie Breikopt &¢ Harel und Lina vereg war, schrumple sin Einkommen auf ‘in Minimo, und inden aichten Jahren mute er mehr oder weniger in der Heimat bleiben, Di hiesgenVerlegerhaten einen stetigen Bedar an kurzeren ‘Werken ~Klaverminiaturen ode Stucke fir Violine und Klavier dem Sibelius ‘nach. Er bgann wiede sich mit Zigarren und Aloo 2 stinaleren,2erst tit Ma, dann aber in wachsender Abhingigkeit. Das Haupewerk dieser Jahre is aie Fe Symphonia di nse wersitzigen Originalasang bei dem Koo: ‘et 2u Silo” 80. Geburtaag (1915) aufgefuhet wurde, aber bald zur Ober beng rurickgezogen wurde. "Mic sinen fang Jahren war Sibelius bereits eine Ikone der fnischen Kul tur und ein auch ntersaional bochrspektierter Komponist, abe rsteckte mer rod in Schulde, Sein Rang ersparte ihm ich den demigenden Besuch eines Gerichtsvoleiehers der Anspuch au einen Flgel eheben wolke, weber Se lis 2 seinem fanagsten Geburstag gechenkt worden war. Und ebensowenig verhindertediser Rang da8 de Rote Aemee sein Haus durchsachte oder da8 (he Fame Sibelius wahtend des Birger, der auf die Ressiche Revoltion ‘ds Jahres 1917 und FnnlandsanacleSende Unabhingigkeitserlarung foe, in Helsinki Unerachupf suchen multe. ln diesem Konfiktunterttze Sibel ‘he Konservatven (und schlfichsigricen) Ween; sein Marsch der Finn Schen Jager, obgech urspringlch heimlich komponet, tlt cin kraftvolles Symbol seiner Loyalist da. Unterdessendurchlit die Fine Symphonie langwierge Geburtswehen. Auch ‘ine revidierte Fass aus dem Jahr 1916 wurde mrickgerogen, und ert 1919 ‘war Sibelius aufeden. Zu dieser Zeit hate er einen geachitren Freund yero- ‘en: Axel Carpelan star wenige Monate,bevor de Endfassung der Symphonic crstmal erlang. ie Sechste und die Scbente Symphonie chlgen wiederam pana neve Rich: tangen ein. Die modal glare Sechte (1923), der man den Eifu yon Pales trina nachgesagt hat, ist von vorwiegend sanftem und poeischem Charaker, wahrend die zuest Fawtasiasinfonta beitle Sieben (1924) cn peichtges insitriges Gee ist, das Sts symphonische Errungeschafenverin und root. Haul diigireer seine Werke selbe, aber nach einem penichen Zw schenfall 192} in Goreborg, wo sich dc abermaige Einnabme von Champagner tor dem Konzert durchausnachlig auf sein amchliefendes Dicgat aurwithe, redurierteer eine Aufrte als Dirget, um se shich ganz aufrugeben [Nach de Scbenten Symphonie kamponiere Sibelius me der for eine Kopen Inagener Produkcion enstandenenSchauspcimusk zy Shakespeares The Tempest (Der Sturm, 1925) und dr auf einen New Yorker Aura hin entatandenen Sy ‘honschen Dichung Tapio (1926) zwei weitere bdeutende Werke, bevor et Sich an im gewaliges Ringen um seine Achte Symphonie mace, Mi ber sch: tig Jaren bate Sielisschlelich cn Malan fancier Sichereit eich, ds hm erlaubt, sch ganz auf die neve Symphonie zu konzentrieren. Die Erwa fungen waren graf, und Digenten wewsferten um die Ere, de Urstfrang Ieten x dren. Aber das hohe Aer beschere im ene immer gorse Sele esi ~ und eine strige land, mit dr das Screen ar Mulsl ward; am Ende fab Sibel sich eschlagen. Me der 1940er Jahre verbrante er eine Ree von Manesirpten,daruner allem Anschein nach auch die Ache Symphonie. "Mit dr Redewendang dss Schweigen aus Jarvenpaa” hat man die ten Le- brersahre des Komponistea auf Ainoa bezechne, aber das bescheibe nur einen “Tel dee Wahrheit, Zar enttanden keine roen Werke meh, aber Sie be- schifige sch weterhin mit verschiedenen Revisionen und Bearbeiungen; afer dem war er zahlreichen Musiker, Wardergera und Fanulicnmigliedera ein CGasgeber Am 20. Februar 1957 versa Jan Sibelius fedich i seinem Haus, ‘els’ Charakterweist zablreche Widersprche au. Einersits wa eet cinzelgingerischer Naturfreand und Pantheit mit ciner Voriebe Fr gre Wandervel we Schrane oder Kraniche und ait einem telen Velangen nach ‘er Abgesciedeneit des fnnschen Hinterlands. Andesite warer en eel: lige Salonlowe, der keine Probleme hate, sich n der High Society 2u bewegen (obwohl er zu seiner eigenen rofen Eneiuschung aus der Mielshicht und nicht aus aistokratischen Verhilinisenstammite), und der es uncingeschrike ‘geno8, in den Metropolen Europas und wahrend seines Amerikabesuchs im Mtelpunke der Autnerksambeit a stchen ‘sin Lebenss war, wenn er ihm denn frinen konnt,schilerd und er schwendersch:guter Wein und Champagner, Zigaren, mafgeschneidete An ‘ge und Luxoshotels Alt Folge davon laste wahrend seine gesamten kins. lerschen Laufbahn ein hoher Schuldeaberg auf im, so da er auf Zuwes: RiP A K, SOMMOMOTRS, MERORIMIBO SMA, MNOBRADE Mom LERL THD, AMY YR COPE S SY RRMRE LCM EMML COR “ THE SIBELIUS EDITION ERMLMEMERL CRS ry bod AME TRL EM) LLCS BREED, 747 PRP aN ELRIMEROUS SI EZOME OK, BARETOM TH) WROZ— 0, ROTA EMEC ROT WERE DORPRMMO EVRA S ORM OR, LIL. BUT ey « y RIOR, MORE €OHDUES POO oh ea 2, SIEM DETETHRUTERMEN OR AMEE LTHEDLUERNE ENE Bate, LOWE, 7429 7 FOR OMB EDS KANE, PERT EAT ORD INE TREDORIRGAENTOR, ELA MACCHMADO Wh = BRAS, WABCLULG (ObUEBMEM ST RETR ROMO 9 Fs 7 1889 25 TAT £7 97 FORUM EL AIL) 7 LESSOR T Ahh <7 DOM LO PRIMM B= EE Le DE LTRORR, MEMML Bio) REDE ZTE, BANE = 7 PIROUTRYERY, Da hs TEE THIONBERIE, EB SONS GREROROR ECM LMS EEL, HUTA 727 — OME HIN, 9-¢— 2H (1890-91) HR IEBIE SARIS CT I WAFORLL YS SCORE, 7-479 7 FORINT VI 7 70, TN DA YAELA2 2 7OMRE L TORMENTED ICI, 29 U MLL DOME AN 7 AF MEM SL ELEC ALITIOF SRREM CHAT, SMOG HS, BH WOME 7%bIOROO (Mh 7 UAT, CMMEM SE DOR, 747 9y FRO TN Baier 0) ORAL LNT, ARS BOREL LOOM E te MESO 4 7 LORMNOME A L— KU. 189056 (0027 29 FICHE) ACY SOROS LE RE TREOBOL AMR RA, MKOERMIED 7 7 ADI PUBIC E 9 CRT ERAS CE. 7679 y ROSEMERL HEEL RissstO NG "IKE, CHULA, ZILEPD MT SI, 4292 FORGET 7 HEE, KHUN LOMOE, COM, an ° MYA) 7 AOR MRA OME LMA L a, BULL 7 Me ea MLC. 4-7 A 9OROO-MORDOMOROOARLEAL, 747 97 FIRE ROM MICO ARRE CORO BHD GOIN EE Khoh— MoMA CR BE EDLELTORME, HNLDINEMERD HIRE MAES REM HT, Ae 7 FRG RON AMIRI WAZHe LTOMMEMO SD, (SYP, LIT, «OM,» That 890i, BRU Ly L704 RAM BUT IT CY IFAT LAL HMOUORODRR, . vont, 20S HD ScAMME RITEMSRE GOO, 4C

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