LIST OF CONTENT

CONTENT PAGE

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Building Information (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering)

3.0 Mechanical and Electrical System of the Building

3.1 Fire Safety

3.1.1 Introduction of Fire Safety
3.1.2 Active and Passive Fire Safety

3.2 Ventilation
3.2.1 Introduction of Ventilation
3.2.2 Type and Purpose of Ventilation

3.3 Electrical Distribution

3.3.1 Introduction of Electrical Distribution
3.3.2 Building Electrical Supply
3.3.3 Building Electrical Distribution Overview

4.0 Discussion

5.0 Conclusion
5.1 Conclusion

6.0 Reference
6.1 M&E Building Layout

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The mechanical and electrical system in a building is a most important component to be built
in any building. 'M&E' in construction refers to mechanical and electrical systems.

2.0 BUILDING INFORMATION (FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND

ENVIRONMENT)

The FKAAS (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering) building area is about 21,066
m². The building consists of 25 laboratories which consists from Department of Structural &
Materials Engineering (JKSB), Department of Infrastructure &Geomatics Engineering (JKIG),
Department of Water & Environmental Engineering (JKAP), Department of Building & Construction
Engineering (JKAP), and Department of Architectural & Design Engineering (JSKR). Example of the
laboratories facility prepared are;

3.0 MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF THE BUILDING.

The building of FKAAS was completely equip with the M&E system that can enhance the
building safety and productivity as a place where people learn and teach. The M&E
component that our group focussing on are;

1. Fire Safety
2. Ventilation
3. Electrical Distribution

3.1 FIRE SAFETY

3.1.1 INTRODUCTION OF FIRE SAFETY

Each of the various categories of building and construction codes has a specific focus. For
example:

 Building codes affect new construction (public occupancy buildings).

 Residential codes are building codes for one- and two-family residences.

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 Fire codes focus on the contents of both new and existing buildings from the point of
view of property protection.

 Life safety codes address the contents of both new and existing buildings from the
point of view of saving lives.

 Electrical codes reflect the requirements for electrical cables and electrical systems,
including communications, power and emergency systems.

 Mechanical codes set standards for mechanical systems intended for air circulation.

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3.1.2 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

 Active Fire Protection (AFP) is a  Passive Fire Protection (PFP) is a

group of systems that require some group of systems that
amount of action or motion in order compartmentalize a building through
to work efficiently in the event of a the use of fire-resistance rated
fire. Actions may be manually walls/floors. Compartmentalizing
operated, like a fire extinguisher or your building into smaller sections
automatic, like a sprinkler, but either helps to slow or prevent the spread of
way they require some amount of fire/smoke from one room to the next.
action.
 PFP helps to limit the amount of
 AFP includes fire/smoke alarm damage done to a building and
systems, sprinkler systems, and fire provides its occupants more time for
extinguishers as well as firefighters. evacuation. PFP includes fire/smoke
dampers, fire doors, and fire
walls/floors.

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ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION

1) Alarm Bell

Fire alarm system has a number of devices working together to detect and warn people
through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other
emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke
detector and heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm activation
devices such as manual call points or pull stations.

2) Break Glass Call Button

A Break Glass Call Point is a device which enables personnel to raise the alarm by
breaking the frangible element on the fascia. They should be mounted 1.4m from the
floor and sited where they can be easily seen. Manual Call Points should be sited on
the floor landings of stairways and at exits to open air.

3) Smoke Detector

A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.

Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part of a
fire alarm system, while household smoke detectors, also known as smoke alarms,
generally issue a local audible or visual alarm from the detector itself.

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4) Heat Detector
A heat detector is a fire alarm device designed to respond when the converted thermal
energy of a fire increases the temperature of a heat sensitive element. The thermal
mass and conductivity of the element regulate the rate flow of heat into the element.
All heat detectors have this thermal lag. Heat detectors have two main classifications
of operation, "rate-of-rise" and "fixed temperature". The heat detector is used to help
in the reduction of damaged property.

5) Fire Extinguisher
A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control
small fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for use on an out-of-
control fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling, endangers the user (no escape
route, smoke, explosion hazard), or otherwise requires the expertise of a fire
department. Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a hand-held cylindrical pressure
vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire.

6) Hose Reel

A Hose Reel is a cylindrical spindle made of metal, fiberglass, or plastic and is used
for storing a hose. The most common styles of hose reels are spring driven (which is
self-retracting), hand crank, or motor driven.Hose reels are categorized by the
diameter and length of the hose they hold, the pressure rating and the rewind method.
Hose reels can either be fixed in a permanent location or portable or attached to a
truck, trailer, or cart.

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PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

1) Fire Resistant Door

A fire door is a door with a fire-resistance rating (sometimes referred to as a fire
protection rating for closures) used as part of a passive fire protection system to
reduce the spread of fire and smoke between separate compartments of a structure
and to enable safe egress from a building or structure or ship.

2) Emergency Exit
An emergency exit in a structure is a special exit for emergencies such as a fire:
the combined use of regular and special exits allows for faster evacuation, while it
also provides an alternative if the route to the regular exit is blocked by fire.

3) Opening Operation (Fire Stairs)

Fire escape is a special kind of emergency exit, usually mounted to the outside of a
building or occasionally inside but separate from the main areas of the building. It
provides a method of escape in the event of a fire or other emergency that makes the
stairwells inside a building inaccessible.

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3.2 VENTILATION

3.2.1 INTRODUCTION OF VENTILATION

The intentional introduction of sub-aerial air can be categorized as either mechanical

ventilation, or natural ventilation. Mechanical ventilation uses fans to drive the flow of sub-
aerial air into a building. This may be accomplished by pressurization (in the case of
positively pressurized buildings), or by depressurization (in the case of exhaust ventilation
systems). Many mechanically ventilated buildings use a combination of both, with the
ventilation being integrated into the HVAC system. Natural ventilation is the intentional
passive flow of sub-aerial air into a building through planned openings (such as louvers,
doors, and windows).

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3.2.2 TYPE AND PURPOSE OF VENTILATION

1) Door
The functions of these doors are as admit the ventilation and light. Besides that, the doors
control the physical atmosphere within a space by enclosing it, excluding air drafts, so that
interiors may be more effectively heated or cooled. They also act as a barrier to noise. The
shape of the door, size, designation and materials selected for the doors plays the important
role in enabling it works well.

2) Exhaust
Exhaust air ventilation systems or central ventilation units works by depressurizing the
building. By reducing the inside pressure below the outdoor air pressure, they extract indoor
air from the building while make-up air infiltrates through leaks in the building shell and
through intentional, passive vents. This system also can contribute to higher heating and
cooling costs compared with energy recovery ventilation systems.

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 3) Window
The functions of the windows, like the day lighting, supply of fresh air and the connection to
the outside, they have meet thermal and acoustical requirements. A sufficient level of daylight
reduces the energy demand and also provides visual comfort to the occupants. To guarantee a
sufficient level of daylight, the windows have to meet minimal requirements in size and
orientation.

4) Plenum
Plenums are air compartments or chambers that are sometimes found in building, either above
suspended ceilings, in the gap between the ceiling and the floor slab or below raised floors in
the gap between the raised floor and the floor slab. Plenum system can be combined with
thermal mass to help moderate peak conditions, or to allow night time purging. The air
spreads across the floor forming a reservoir of fresh, cool air.

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 5) Air Conditioning (AC)
AC is the process of altering the properties of air (primarily temperature and humidity) to
more favorable conditions.

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3.3 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

3.3.1 INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

Power supplies are categorized in various ways, including by functional features. For
example, a regulated power supply is one that maintains constant output voltage or current
despite variations in load current or input voltage. Conversely, the output of an unregulated
power supply can change significantly when its input voltage or load current changes.
Adjustable power supplies allow the output voltage or current to be programmed by
mechanical controls (e.g., knobs on the power supply front panel), or by means of a control
input, or both. An adjustable regulated power supply is one that is both adjustable and
regulated. An isolated power supply has a power output that is electrically independent of its
power input; this is in contrast to other power supplies that share a common connection
between power input and output.

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3.3.2 BUILDING ELECTRICAL SUPPLY

3.3.3 BUILDING ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION OVERVIEW

The purpose of electrical installation in buildings basically to supply and distribute the power
from power supply. FKAAS buildings uses electricity mostly for lighting, laboratory and
office. These different space purposes have different requirements of the electricity. So, the
building structure must be known before the power supply and distribution system can be
planned and designed at the first place.

DISCUSSION

A key aspect of fire protection is to identify a developing fire emergency in a timely manner,
and to alert the building's occupants and fire emergency organizations. This is the role of fire
detection and alarm systems. Depending on the anticipated fire scenario, building and use
type, number and type of occupants and criticality of contents and mission, these systems can
provide several main functions. First, they provide a means to identify a developing fire
through either manual or automatic methods and second, they alert building occupants to a
fire condition and the need to evacuate. Another common function is the transmission of an
alarm notification signal to the fire department or other emergency response organization.
They may also shut down electrical, air handling equipment or special process operations, and
they may be used to initiate automatic suppression systems. This section will describe the
basic aspects of fire detection and alarm systems.

4.0 CONCLUSION

Conclusion

Overall, the site visit and knowledge in mechanical and electrical system are very useful in
determining and identify the component and aspects that need to be exists in a building. The
system such as ventilation, electricity, fire safety, and water distribution are very important in
a building for it to properly work and provide a comfortable space for human.

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5.0 REFERENCE
1. William K. Y. Tao (1997), Mechanicaland Electrical Systems in Buildings. Prentice
Hall.
2. Benjamin Stein (1997), Building Technology: Mechanical and Electrical Systems,
John Wiley & Sons.
3. J. Trost, Ifte Choudhury (2001), Design of Mechanical and Electrical Systems in
Buildings, Pearson/Prentice Hall.
4. Harry E. Bovay (1982), Handbook of mechanical and electrical systems for buildings,
McGraw-Hill.
5. Walter T. Grondzik, Alison G. Kwok (2014), Mechanical and Electrical Equipment
for Buildings, John Wiley & Sons.

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