Computational linguistics involves analyzing and processing human language using computers. There are several subfields including speech recognition, speech synthesis, computational morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Speech recognition involves analyzing speech and converting it to text while speech synthesis is creating electronic signals to simulate speech. Computational morphology processes word structures and rules while syntax focuses on parsing sentences and assigning phrase structures. Semantics represents word meanings and how they combine while pragmatics considers the interaction between language and the real world.
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
50%(2)50% found this document useful (2 votes)
583 views2 pages
Computer Processing of Human Language
Computational linguistics involves analyzing and processing human language using computers. There are several subfields including speech recognition, speech synthesis, computational morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Speech recognition involves analyzing speech and converting it to text while speech synthesis is creating electronic signals to simulate speech. Computational morphology processes word structures and rules while syntax focuses on parsing sentences and assigning phrase structures. Semantics represents word meanings and how they combine while pragmatics considers the interaction between language and the real world.
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2
o Method:
Computer Processing of Tone with same frequency as vocal
Human Language chords Formant synthesis – emphasizing harmonics corresponding to the COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS formants required for a certain – subfield of linguistics and computer science that is sound OR concerned with the interactions of human language Concatenative synthesis – recorded and computers units phones, syllables, words, – Includes: phrases, and sentences; what is o analysis of written texts and spoken generally used today discourse o Computers still have a machinelike accent o translation of text and speech – Text-to-Speech o use of human languages for communication o Computer program which converts written between computers and people texts to basic units for synthesizer o modeling and testing of linguistic theories Formant synthesizers: translates into phonetic representation; text Computational phonetics and phonology to speech happens precedes – Processing of speech electronic conversion to sound – Converting speech to text and vice versa Concatenative synthesis: translates – Speech recognition input depending on what o analyzing speech into phones and sounds/phones/words are joined phonemes → producing a phonetic together transcription → converting to ordinary text o Problems: o Computers find difficulty in segmenting Words spelled alike but read speech b/c differently (e.g. read – computer its original design is to detect sound must have structural knowledge) patterns of only certain Inconsistent spelling (e.g. tough, words/phrases bough, cough, dough it recognizes speech of only one Computational morphology person of coarticulation - different ways to - Processing of word structures for the computer to pronounce a word/phrase be able to understand and use the word of noise – computers do not have - Interwoven rules, exceptions, and word/morpheme the ability to zero in on the voice of forms the speaker (cocktail party effect) - Methods: o Computers use statistics or pre- o Computer looks for roots and affixes programmed words/phrases to decide o Stemming- affixes are repeatedly stripped – Speech synthesis off o creating electronic signals that stimulate Computational syntax phones and other features of speech → assemble into words and phrases for output - Parsing (input) to electronic speaker o Parser- computer program which tries to o Many have attempted to create “talking replicate our “mental parser” – both use machines” by using different materials to grammar to assign a phrase structure to a imitate the mouth but now, we can produce string of words these sounds electronically o 2 approaches: Top-down – looks at rules first then tries to apply the sentences Bottom-up – it looks at the Computational Sign Language sentence first, identifies its parts, - Make use of a camera and visual processing then looks for the rules - Two purposes o Problems o Video dictionary words with different syntactic o Enable a computer to search through ASL categories (e.g. orange) videos for a particular sign different ways to read sentences - Generation (output) o Assign words to the ideas or concepts o Words must fit into phrases or sentences which must comply with the syntax of the language o 2 approaches: Top-down- highest-lowest level categories Bottom-up- words → combine words for higher level categories o Transition network- visualization of grammar; uses nodes (circles) and arcs (arrows)
Figure 1. Transition network for S -> NP VP
Computational semantics
– representation of the meaning of words and
morphemes in the computer, as well as the meanings derived from their combinations – Higher levels of linguistic processing – 2 concerns: o Produce semantic representation in the computer o Take semantic representation to produce natural language output which has meaning – Computer determines the concept it wants to express → assembles components of meaning → syntactic rules applied to produce grammatical sentences
Computational pragmatics
- Pragmatics as the interaction between the real
world and the language system (e.g the switch v a wire) - Also used to determine meaning when two expressions refer to the same object