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Vibration Measurement

The document discusses vibration measurement instruments. It describes three common instruments: the vibrometer, which measures displacement; the velometer, which measures velocity; and the accelerometer, which measures acceleration. The accelerometer is highlighted as being widely used due to its small size, ability to determine velocity and displacement through integration, and high natural frequency range of up to 26 Hz, making it suitable for measuring high frequencies.

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Md.Tanvir Rahman
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307 views21 pages

Vibration Measurement

The document discusses vibration measurement instruments. It describes three common instruments: the vibrometer, which measures displacement; the velometer, which measures velocity; and the accelerometer, which measures acceleration. The accelerometer is highlighted as being widely used due to its small size, ability to determine velocity and displacement through integration, and high natural frequency range of up to 26 Hz, making it suitable for measuring high frequencies.

Uploaded by

Md.Tanvir Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vibration Measurements

Prepared By
Syed Mamun R Rasid
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Rajshahi University of Engineering
& Technology
Reasons for the measurement of
vibrations
• Some machines are running at high speeds which
may cause resonant condition and they may get fail.
• In some situations the excessive vibrations may
transfer to the nearby machines or structures.
• To check the health of the machines.
• To understand the dynamic behavior it is necessary to
measure the vibrations.
• It helps to identify important parameters of system
such as mass, stiffness, damping.
Vibration Measuring Instruments
• Displacement measuring instrument
(Vibrometer)
• Velocity measuring instrument (Velometer)
• Acceleration measuring instrument
(Accelerometer)
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Theory of Vibration measuring
instruments
Vibrometer (Contd..)
Let us consider equation
Let us assume ω/ωn=r in the above eqn

When the value of r is very high (more than 3), the above
equation can be written as

(as 2εr is very small term, so it is neglected for a wide


range of dampingfactors)
• So the relative amplitude Z is shown equal to the amplitude
of vibrating body B on thescreen.
• Though Z and B are not in the same phase but B being in
single harmonic, will result in the output signal as true
reproduction of inputquantity.
• The instrument shown in figure Vibrometer (Contd..)
works as a vibrometer for very
large value of r.
• Vibrometer (also known as low
frequency transducer) is used to
measure the high frequency ω of
a vibrating body.
• Since the ratio r is very high, so
the natural frequency of the
instrument is low.
• Low natural frequency means heavy mass of the body of the
instrument which makes its rare application in practice specially
in systems which require much sophistication.
• The frequency range of a vibrometer depends upon several
factors such as damping, its natural frequency, etc.
• It may have natural frequency 1 Hz to 5 Hz.
Accelerometer
• An accelerometer is used to measure the acceleration of a
vibrating body.
• If the natural frequency ωn of the instrument is very high
compared to the frequency ω which is to be measured, the ratio
ω/ωn is very small. i.e., ω/ωn=<< 1
• The range of frequency measurement is shown in figure. Since
the natural frequency of the instrument is high so it is very light
in construction.

From figure, it can be seen


that for large values of
ω/ωn=r , the ratio Z/B
approaches unity for every
value of damping.
Accelerometer (Contd..)
• With the help of electronics integration
devices, it displays velocity and
displacement both.
• Because of its small size and usefulness
for determining velocity and
displacement besides acceleration, it is
very widely used as a vibration
measuring device and is termed as high
frequency transducer.
• The voltage signals obtained from an accelerometer are usually
very small which can be pre-amplified to see them bigger in size
on oscilloscope.
• For getting velocity and displacement double integration device
may be used and the results are obtained on screen.
Again considering equation

assuming ω/ωn=<< 1

where f is a factor which remains constant for the useful


range of accelerometer.
Where

In this equation ω2B, the acceleration of the vibrating body. It is


clearly seen that the acceleration is multiplied by a factor (1/ ωn2 ).
To keep the value of factor f equal to 1 for very high range of
ω/ωn, ratio, ε should be high in value.
The amplitude Z becomes proportional to the acceleration
provided the natural frequency remains constant.
Thus Z is treated proportional to the amplitude of acceleration to
be measured
• With the help of equation figure is drawn to
show the linear response of the accelerometer.

• It is seen that for ε =0.7, there is complete linearity for


accelerometer for ω/ωn ≤ 0.25.Thus the instrument with 100 Hz
natural frequency will have a useful frequency range from 0 to
26 Hz at ε =0.7 and will provide very accurate results. For this
purpose electromagnetic type accelerometers are widely used
nowadays.

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