Electromagnetism

1.

(a) Fig. 9.1 shows a mobile phone (cell phone) and battery charger.

Fig. 9.1

A transformer inside the battery charger reduces the 220V mains supply to the 5V used to charge
the mobile phone battery. The transformer has 40 turns on its secondary coil.

Calculate the number of turns on the primary coil of the transformer in the battery charger.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula

working

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(b) Describe and explain how transformers are used in the large scale transmission of electricity.

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0654/31/M/J/13 Q9
 2.

(c) Fig. 7.1 shows a torch that works without electrical cells.

Fig. 7.1

To use the torch, it is first shaken for 40 seconds. This moves the magnet backwards and forwards
inside the torch. The magnet can move between points X and Y.

Explain why shaking the torch produces an electric current.

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0654/32/M/J/13 Q7c

(c) Fig. 8.3 shows a simple a.c. generator. It consists of a coil of wire rotating between the poles of a
permanent magnet.

The output is fed to an external circuit through carbon contacts pressing against two slip rings.

Fig. 8.3
(i) On the grid below, sketch a graph of voltage output against time for the generator.

[2]

(ii) State two factors on which the magnitude of the output voltage depends.

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 3. (b) Fig. 1.2 shows a wire moving upwards between the poles of two magnets. The ends of
the wire are connected to a sensitive ammeter. The ammeter shows the induced current.

(i) Draw on the ammeter in Fig. 1.3 the reading obtained if the wire was moved twice as quickly in
the same direction.

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(ii) Draw on the ammeter in Fig. 1.4 the reading obtained if the wire was moved in the opposite
direction.

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(iii) Suggest why the ammeter must be a sensitive ammeter.

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(iv) Name a device which uses this principle of inducing an electric current when a wire moves in a
magnetic field.

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4. (b) Fig. 1.2 shows a circuit breaker. It is designed to switch off the current in a circuit if the
current becomes too large.

Explain how the circuit breaker switches off the current if the current becomes too large.

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0654/31/M/J/11Q1b

5. Transformers are used to change the voltage of an A.C. supply. The picture shows a shaver
unit, which contains a transformer, of the type found in many European homes.
The shaver unit has two sockets, one for shavers working at 115V, the other for shavers working at
230V. This diagram shows how the sockets are wired to the output/secondary coils of a transformer.

(i) Use the diagram above to explain which coil, A or B, gives an output of 115V.

coil

explanation

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[1]

(ii) The transformer in a shaver unit is known as an isolating transformer and is designed to make
the electrical appliance plugged into it safer to use in a bathroom.

Explain why it is dangerous to use electrical appliances in bathrooms unless they have such safety
protection.

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[2]

(c) Fig. 5.4 shows an electromagnet being used in a door lock.

Explain why this happens.

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(ii) Would this door lock work if the bolt was made of aluminium?

Explain your answer.

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(iii) The electrical connections to the coil were accidentally reversed.

Would the door lock with the iron bolt still work?

Explain your answer.

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(iv) Suggest how the strength of the electromagnet could be increased.

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 6.

(a) An athlete is training on a bicycle.

He uses the bicycle to turn a generator that lights a lamp as he pedals. Fig. 2.1 shows the simple
generator which he uses.

Fig. 2.1

Explain how the rotating coil causes the lamp to light. Include in your explanation a description of
what the slip rings and brushes do.

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0654/32/M/J/12 Q2a
 7.

(a) Fig. 6.1 shows a diagram of a small electrical a.c. generator producing an alternating voltage.

Fig. 6.1

(i) The coil is now made to spin in the opposite direction to the one shown in Fig. 6.1.

What difference, if any, would be shown on the voltmeter reading?

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(ii) State two ways in which the size of the induced voltage can be increased.

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(b) In a power station there are several large generators.

Explain why transformers are needed between the power transmission cables from the power
station and the cables supplying homes.

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0654/32/O/N/12 Q6
 8.

(a) Describe how heat energy is used to turn the generator in a power station.

Name the equipment used at each stage of this process.

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(b) Fig. 12.1 shows a simple a.c. generator. When the coil is turned a current is induced in

the coil.

Fig. 12.1

Name the parts labelled X and explain their purpose.

part X

purpose

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(c) (i) The electrical output from a power station is 25000V. The voltage is stepped up to 400000V by
a transformer.

The number of turns on the primary coil of the transformer is 40000.

Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil.

Show your working and state the formula that you use.

formula used

working

[3]

(ii) Explain why the electrical output from this power station has to be a.c.

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