Metaphor: Metaphor: Implied Metaphor: Oh, My Love Has Red Petals and Sharp Thorns

Metaphor
1. What is metaphor?
A metaphor is an imaginative way of describing something by referring to

something else that has the qualities that you want to express. For example, if
you want to say that someone is very shy and timid, you might say that he/she is
a mouse.
Examples: pp. 90-93.
Metaphor: Oh, my love is a red, red rose.

Implied metaphor: Oh, my love has red petals and sharp thorns.
Analyze the following poems:
The Night Has a Thousand Eyes The Eagle

Francis William Bourdillon (1852-1921) Lord Tennyson Alfred (1809-1892)
The night has a thousand eyes, He clasps the crag with crooked hands;
And the day but one; Close to the sun in lonely lands,
Yet the light of the bright world dies Ringed with the azure world, he stands.
With the dying sun.
The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls;
The mind has a thousand eyes, He watches from his mountain walls,
And the heart but one; And like a thunderbolt he falls.
Yet the light of a whole life dies
When love is done.
2. What role does a metaphor play in our daily communication?
(1) I
t’
shi
ghl
ypr
oduc
tive
One day I was driving down a freeway with my wife and two children
whe noneofmys one s,a gee i
g ht
,rema rked:“ He y ,Mom,mys oc kha sa
ha ngna i
l.
”Mywi fe,qu ietl
y,a ndwi t
houts pe cialnot e ,res
ponde d:“ Don’ t
wor rya bouti t
,I’
llf ixitwhe nwege thome ,”a ndt het opi
cwa sdroppe d.I
was the only one of the four who even noticed anything unusual in this
interchange. Here, a new metaphor was created, produced, and
comprehended without the slightest awareness by either of the promary
participants. (David E. Rumelhart, 1979: p. 72)
Metaphors in daily life:
Water the spark of knowledge and it will bear fruit.
(2) The meaning legitimatize the usage of words (e.g., verbs, adjectives, etc.)
Business had been slow since the oil crisis. Nobody seemed to want
anything really elegant anymore. Suddenly the door opened and a
well-dressed man entered the showroom. John put on his friendliest and
most sincere expression and walked toward the man.
(David E. Rumelhart, 1979: p. 79)
(3) Cons
ide
rthes
ent
enc
epa
tte
rn“
AisB”
Knowledge is power.
Right is might; might is right.
Richard is a gorilla.
(4) However, metaphors are necessary instruments of understanding
In 1933 George Lemaitre, the Belgian priest and physicist credited

with the Big Gang theory of the origin of the universe, conceived of a
primal atom that existed before anything else, which expanded and
produced everything. And so, he remarked, making a wonderful metaphor,
the evolutionoft hec osmosa si tistoda y“canbec ompa redt oadi s playof
firewor ksthatha sjuste nded.”Asa strophy s
icistandpoe tAl anLi ght ma n
ha snot ed,wec an’the lpe nvisionings cienti
ficdi s
c ove riesint ermsof
things we know from daily life—spinning balls, waves in water,
pe ndulums ,we ightsons pri
ng s.“Weha venoot he rc hoic e,
”Li ghtma n
rea sons.“Wec annota voi dformi ngme ntalpictureswhe nwet rytog rasp
the meaning of our equations, and how can we picture what we have not
see n?”I nsciencea swe lla sin poetry, it would seem, metaphors are
necessary instruments of understanding. (X. J. Kennedy, 1991: p.588)
(5) Me
taphor
sandpr
epos
it
ions
:in,on,a
t,i
nto…
I put a lot of energy into washing the windows.

I get a lot of satisfaction out of washing windows.
There is a lot of satisfaction in washing windows.
The ship is coming into view.

I have him in sight.
Ic an’tseehi m—the tree is in the way.
He ’sout of sight now.
(6) Metaphors and personification (Examples from George Lakoff & Mark
Johnson, 1980: p. 33)
His theory explained to me the behavior of chickens raised in factories.

This fact argues against the standard theories.
Life has cheated me.
His religion tells him that he cannot drink fine French wines.
Inflation has attacked the foundation of our economy.
Metonymy (imputing human qualities to things that are not human)
The ham sandwich is waiting for his check. (= the person who buys ham
sandwich)
The Times ha
sn’
tar
ri
veda
tthepr
essc
onf
ere
ncey
et.(
=ther
epor
terf
rom
the Times)
3. Practice
…
A true spaceship would have to be under the control of a captain, since no
ship could possibly survive if its course were determined by committee.
Spaceship Earth certainly has no captain; the United Nations is merely a
toothless tiger, with little power to enforce any policy upon its bickering
members.
If we divide the world crudely into rich nations and poor nations, two thirds
of them are desperately poor, and only one third comparatively rich, with the
United States the wealthiest of all, Metaphorically each rich nation can be seen
as a lifeboat full of comparatively rich people. In the ocean outside each lifeboat
swim the poor of the world, who would like to get in, or at least to share some of
the wealth. What should the lifeboat passenger do?
… Garrett Hardin, 1993: pp. 626-627)

Metaphor: Metaphor: Implied Metaphor: Oh, My Love Has Red Petals and Sharp Thorns

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Metaphor

A metaphor is an imaginative way of describing something by referring to

Examples: pp. 90-93.

Metaphor: Oh, my love is a red, red rose.

Analyze the following poems:

The Night Has a Thousand Eyes The Eagle

2. What role does a metaphor play in our daily communication?

Metaphors in daily life:

Water the spark of knowledge and it will bear fruit.

Right is might; might is right.

(4) However, metaphors are necessary instruments of understanding

In 1933 George Lemaitre, the Belgian priest and physicist credited

I put a lot of energy into washing the windows.

The ship is coming into view.

His theory explained to me the behavior of chickens raised in factories.

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