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Chapter 15 Key Term

This document defines 32 key terms related to healthcare ethics and law, including advance directives, assault, autonomy, beneficence, breach of contract, confidentiality, informed consent, justice, malpractice, negligence, nonmaleficence, res ipsa loquitur, respondeat superior, slander, strict liability, tort, and veracity. It provides a brief definition or explanation of each term in 1-2 sentences.

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Maria Denise Mangrobang
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29 views

Chapter 15 Key Term

This document defines 32 key terms related to healthcare ethics and law, including advance directives, assault, autonomy, beneficence, breach of contract, confidentiality, informed consent, justice, malpractice, negligence, nonmaleficence, res ipsa loquitur, respondeat superior, slander, strict liability, tort, and veracity. It provides a brief definition or explanation of each term in 1-2 sentences.

Uploaded by

Maria Denise Mangrobang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 5 KEY TERMS

1. ADVANCE DIRECTIVES
- document in which an individual specifies what medical care he or she desires
to receive in the future, should he or she no longer be able to make decisions
about medical treatment; may be in the form of a living will or durable power of
attorney.
2. ASSAULT
- any conduct that creates a reasonable apprehension of being touched in an
injurious manner; no actual touching is required to prove assault.
3. AUTONOMY
- quality of having the ability or tendency to function independently.
4. AXIOLOGY
- the study of values
5. BATTERY
- any unconsented touching of an individual that causes injury.
6. BENEFICENCE
- principle that requires that health providers go beyond doing no harm and
actively contribute to the health and well-being of their patients.
7. BENEVOLENT DECEPTION
- actions in which the truth is withheld from the patient for his or her own good.
8. BREACH OF CONTRACT
- failure, without legal excuse, to carry out the terms of a legal agreement.
9. COMPENSATORY JUSTICE
- calls for the recovery of damages that were a result of the action of others.
10. CONFIDENTIALITY
- nondisclosure of certain information except to another authorized person.
11. CONSEQUENTIALISM
- idea of judging an act to be right; an ethical viewpoint in which decisions are
based on the assessment of consequences.
12. DEFENDANT
- person denying the party against whom relief or recovery is sought in an action
or suit; also, the accused in a criminal case.
13. DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
- refers to proper allotment of the benefits and burdens in a society, such as
taxes and subsidies.
14. DOUBLE EFFECT
- the understanding that many good actions have both a good and bad effect.
15. FORMALISM
- ethical viewpoint that relies on rules and principles.
16. INFORMED CONSENT
- acknowledges the personal liberty of the patients and their right to decide their
own course of treatment
17. INTUITIONISM
- an ethical viewpoint that holds that there are certain self-evident truths, usually
based on moral maxims such as “treat others fairly.”
18. JUSTICE
- principle of fair and equal treatment for all, with due reward and honor.
19. LIBEL
- false accusation written, printed, or typewritten or presented in a picture or a
sign that is made with malicious intent to defame the reputation of a person who
is living or the memory of a person who is dead, resulting in public
embarrassment, contempt, ridicule, or hatred.
20. LIVING WILL
- advance declaration by a patient that indicates agreement between a patient
and physician to withhold heroic measures if the patient’s condition is found to be
irreversible.
21. MALPRACTICE
- in law, professional negligence that is the proximate cause of injury or harm to a
patient, resulting from a lack of professional knowledge, experience, or skill that
can be expected in others in the profession or from failure to exercise reasonable
care or judgement in the application of professional knowledge, experience, or
skill.
22. NEGLIGENCE
- omission to do something that a reasonable person, guided by ordinary
considerations, would do
23. NONMALEFICENCE
- principle that obligates health care providers to avoid harming patients and
actively to prevent harm where possible.
24. PLAINTIFF
- person who brings an action; a person who seeks remedial relief for an injury to
his or her rights.
25. RES IPSA LOQUITUR
- “the thing speaks for itself”; rule of evidence whereby negligence of an allege
wrongdoer may be inferred from the fact that the accident happened.
26. RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR
- “let the master answer”; the master is liable in certain cases for the wrongful
acts of his servant, meaning that a physician may be liable for the wrongful acts
of someone working under the physician’s supervision. The doctrine is
inapplicable where injury occurs while the servant is acting outside the legitimate
scope of authority.
27. RULE UTILITARIANISM
- moral reasoning approach based not on which act has the greatest utility but on
which rule would promote the greatest good if it were generally followed
28. SLANDER
- any words spoken with malice that are untrue and prejudicial to the reputation,
professional practice, commercial trade, office, or business of another person.
29. STRICT LIABILITY
- theory in tort law that can be used to impose liability without fault, even in
situations where injury occurs under conditions of reasonable care; the most
common cases of strict liability involve the use of dangerous products or
techniques.
30. TORT
- legal wrong committed on a person or property independent of contract.
31. VERACITY
- principle that binds the health provider and the patient to tell the truth, creating
an environment of trust and mutual sharing of information.
32. VIRTUE ETHICS
- viewpoint that asks what a virtuous person would do in a similar circumstance; it
is based on personal attributes of character or virtue, rather than on rules or
consequences.

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