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Student's Book PDF

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Noeli Sbarbaro
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Module 1 ‘Module 2 ‘Module 3 Module 4 Module 5 'UNIT Something to shout bout! (op. 728) Ambition, success, acievement, happiness UNIT2 Escape Artists (pp. 27-46) ‘ave, entertainment, leisure, relaxing UNIT 3 People Power (op.5372) People, families, appearances, UNIT 4. Growing Concerns (09.7352) Soda problems, cil liberties, ‘unemployment, poverty international issues, environmental problems UNIT 5. Our Changing World (pp. 99-118) Technology, computers, space travel ‘technology in everyday life UNIT 6 A Job Well Done (op. 119-138) Work, the workplace, busines, professions, money UNIT7 Fit for Life (pp. 145-164) Health, fitness, medicine, sport & erercse UNIT Live and Learn (pp. 165-184) School, education, university life, ‘educational sues UNIT9 The Image Business (pp. 191-210) The fashion industry, image, the visual arts UNIT 10. Shop Around (pp. 211-238) Shopping, the economy, advertising Grammar Reference (p. 239) Irregular Verbs (. 285) ‘Appendix 1 ~ Phrasal Verbs (p. 250) Contents Celebrations; career success; colocations; words often, confused; leaders; expressing satisfaction; idioms; Fixed phrases with an; phrasal verbs; Communication’ giving and responding to news Pastimes and hobbies; leisure activites; adjectives: ‘colocation; idioms; fied phrases with at, phrasal verbs; Communication: making and responding to suggestions; interrupting Family; media; characteristics; words often confused; ‘at young age A good manager can make a business profitable while still respecting the ‘of the workers, A values B ethics © sights ! | i 4» Theyoung poet said that he got his from F STEINBACH, EMILY "You're @ Winners the beauty of nature Gants on or BS. as fv hom Mur and Dad His with money and power might have ada te fay xc ‘made him a milionate, but he's nota happy man, +n order to get aed inthe acertsing industry, one G May x00 PHD bali ocd Ps aati must havea song to succeed er ‘A ambition —B inspiration obsession H PEACOCK - HOOD Itis with much happiness the 5+ King Albert's reign was one of peace and ‘engagement is announced between Mr Brian They say that he made his through good Peacock and Miss Barbara Hood. luckeane the help of influential aquaintances * In these days of economic decine, owning more than ‘one vehicle is considered a A laxury B prosperity fortune b. Which of the above celebrations have you attended? Were you the person celebrating or 10 Were you invited as a guest to the occasion? D career success 4a Look at the following factors which may be important for career success. Tick (/) ‘maximum of threein each group which you consider absolutely necessary. socal background financial backing influential acquaintances wellounded education relevant experience qualifications supportive family experience of other cultures * positive image popularity among colleagues sensitivity to others’ feelings team spirit competitive spirit ability to delegate © willingness to compromise ® haying contact with superiors ambition determination resilience powers of intuition persistence enjoy challenges attractive appearance charisma self-motivation natural talent ruthiessness abilty to sezze opportunities foresight b. Compare your choices with a partner, saying in what situations you fee! that the factors you ticked can play a vital part. ‘A: lfyou are ina profession that involves dealing with ‘people, a positive image can make them lke you and trust you. 8: know what youmean. 've ako ticked popularity ‘because if you are popularin the workplace, colleagues ae glad to help you or work with you. Read the short biography of Steve Jobs below. Which of the qualities in Ex. da did he have? Which didn't he have? Steven Paul Jobs was born in California, USA, on February 24, 1955. In 1974 he dropped out of college to work as avideo game designer. His aim was to save enough money to go to India and ‘experience Buddhism, Back in the US in the autumn of 1974, Jobs went into business with his highschool friend Stephen Wozniak. Jobs understood that computers would appeal to «8 broad audience. Although he had long, unkempt hair and dressed casually he managed to obtain finance for is first marketable computer, the Apple II, in 1977. Apple Inc. was formed and met with immediate success. Seven years later, Jobs introduced the Macintosh computer in a brilliantly choreographed demonstration that he gave himself. However, the sales of the first Maes were disappointing, This led to tensions in the company, and in 1985 he resigned. In 1986, Jobs bought Pixar Animation Studios. Over the following decade he built Pixar into a large corporation that, ‘among other achievements, produced the first fll-ength film to be completely computer-animated, Toy Story, in 1995, In late 1996, Apple, saddled by huge financial losses and ‘on the verge of collapse, asked Jobs to come back. He accepted, and quickly engineered an award-winning advertising campaign that urged customers to. "think dierent” and buy Macintoshes. In 1998, he introduced the iMac, an egg-shaped computer that offered high-speed processing at a reasonable price, It was an instant success Steve Jobs hal saved his company and, in the process, re- «established himsetf as a master high-technology marketer. dd. Which of the qualities from Ex. 4a do you believe you have? Tell your partner. D Words often Confused 5 Underline the correct word. 1. The idea for a computersed house had first been considered as far beyond / before / behind / back 2s the late 50s, 2. For the purpose / object / aim / intention of managing your finances, hiring an accountant is money well-spent 3. Situated direct / precise / right / exact beside the lake, the villa has gone on sale for £750,000, 4 The in-house requlations happen / occur / apply / agree to all employees, regaidless of status 5. Ajob advertisement for a programmer gripped / caught / seized / struck his eye, and he decided to apply. 6 Fora 10-year-old car, itis in excelent state / form / presentation / condition, 11 Language Focus 12 =) 6 Collocations a. Tick () the boxes in the table to form collocations. Think of at least two more phrases for each verb. ‘the right to do/have sth experience a onesie, the advantage > 7 'b. Now use some of the collocations in their correct form to complete the sentences below. 1. The heavyweight champion ‘ver his opponent in the last round of the match, 2 She went to work in the restaurant to asa chet 3. Although he's incredibly wealthy now, when he frst ‘ame to this country he asa dish washer. 4) He's very well paid for his free-lance writing but he also from the bookshop where he works 5. she asa tough businesswoman by sticking to her principles ‘and never backing down from the competition Fixed Phrases (phrases with on) a. Match the fixed phrases with their meanings. entheoftchance CCT] working on second thoughts 2 T-] justincase on awitim [3 tive to. belief alia [aT] pastel) on prince [SIC} after reconsideration ‘on one's own [ET] intentionally on target as planned on duty LBL] onyit on purpose [SE independentiy ‘on condition that with a limited amount of money ._ Now, use fixed phrases to fill n the gaps in the sentences. 1. don’t think there is @ vacancy in the company at the moment, but you could ring my boss on the of chance 2 | think I'l take Sarah to a fancy restaurant for her birthday. let's have a suprise party at home, 3. Chris owns a line of successful boutiques in the UK and beleve it or not, she manages them completely 4 We're pleased to anngunce that our proposed sales figures for the year are right 5d love to go to the house-warming party with you but fm and really can’ afford agit D Phrasal verbs 8 ‘Appendix 1 ‘Match the verbs with the particles to form phrasal verbs and use them in the correct tense to complete the sentences below. Then explain the phrasal verbs in your own words nb Somahy Sow | of ey & carry, ra own 4 ear ‘ a ¢ out \, 1 Her employers persstent enthusiasm for the new scheme her resistance tot 2 A trainee his superio’s odes quictly and ecient 3. The minster with the ceremony despite the noise from the back of the church 4 Ata vety young age she determined what her career goals were and set out to them 5 Unfortunately, the dificutes he was having at work into his persona ite. 6 After the shock of being made head manager slowly James went about setting the difficutes between members of his staf. 7 As the day the graduate became more and more exited about the upcoming ceremony. 8 The champion runner liked to joke that he ver hundred pairs of trainers before he won his tte 9 To everyone's disbelief, the Jamaicans the trop in the men’s bob-sledeing event. 10 I'm sure yout get the position. Now stop pacing or youl the polish onthe floor! Idioms 11 @ Listen to four short extracts. Match the extracts '85 you hear them with the situations. a. Match items from the two columns to make idioms. in pais, guess what the idioms might A Promotion bie? mean. Do you have similar idioms in your B Mariage Extract2 _] language? Muti births exact} E] D> Postponing a Date Earact4 [7] have the wor a seventh heaven [J bein the Joneses Listen again and tick the phrases that you hear. F] be a feather © inone'scap Se eee 3 @ Look at the photographs below. Compare and contrast two or three of them, saying what kind of success is portrayed in each one and who you think might be feeling the happiest. You have about 1 minute to do this. b, Who do you think may have worked the hardest to achieve success? Celebrations ap Now look at the two pictures of birthdays. ‘Compare and contrast the pictures, saying what differences there are between the two ‘occasions and what each birthday means to the person celebrating, Useful language: Comparing Both pictures show + Inboth pictures the people ae + Both pictures were taken * The main conectionSsmilarty between these picturesis that Contrasting ©The fist picture shows ., whereas the second one * Inthe picture onthe left. whereas inthe other one * The mainimost striking difference between the two pictures + There ae several dferences between the pictures sty, Speculating + They couldimightimay be + They seervappear to be * I supposelassumesimagine that * itcouldinightimay be that | © tcan'tbe surecertan, but perhaps + Although I can't be sure, perhaps d. How do you think each celebration might develop? 4, Listen to two candidates doing the speaking ‘tasks above and compare their performance to that of your classmates. ‘Assess your classmates in terms of: * grammar and vocabulary * discourse management * pronunciation « interactive communication Everyday English Responding to news 5 _Inpairs guess and say what the other speaker says. @ Typical! Good for her. b Alright forsome. Lucky you © Poor you! ‘Av Imsomy but your computer cant be fired. 8: Typical 15 Reading You are going to read an article about happiness. Before you read, in pairs discuss the following. 1 Ate the people of your generation generally happier or unhappier Oo we than your parents’ generation? 2 Look atthe title and introduction tthe Wt yo te feel bad? the writers answer to his ) ° ‘question will be? Read quickly through and check We’ve tried shopping and New Age Cs | cures, making money and spending it “Seay aad Were sil miserable, title and reading the text quickly What’s missing from our lives? * Read the questions and question stems (the actual questions, not the four choices) * Read the text carefully and Underline the parts which are relevant to the questions, * Choose an answer to each Did you notice an outbreak of joviality and generosity last week? Peopl ‘beaming at you as they let you go ahead in the bus queue, grinning as the shared your morning traffic jam, smirking through the quarterly budge planning meeting? ‘No? The organisers of National Smile Week will be down in the mouth All their efforts to perk us up for at least seven days have run, it seems, int question the sand of our collective scepticism. Four out of ten of us think life ha Ratnerobier become worse in the past five years. Two million of us are on anti depressants; only a minority of us think ‘people can be trusted most of th time’, Mix in some road/air/office/phone rage, a rise in reported ineivili and a good dose of political apathy and the gloom looks even starker We're a wretched lot. All this when average house prices have just blasted through th £100,000 mark, when life expectancy continues to lengthen, mortality rate: ‘© Options which sound a lot lke the text (e.g. ones that use words that also appear in the text) are usually wrong, * Some wirong options may be Generally true, but they don't answer the question or they are Pot true according to the text * Some wrong options are very | 2 Which of the following is implied in the second paragraph? , apart from one A People ae getting stingier. ‘word (eg. an adverb like ‘never’, B People ae getting less polite People ae arguing more about politics D._eople are working longer hours. 2. Now read the passage and answer the questions (1-6). 3. Whats the writer referring to when he says ‘Ithe palace} can be beamed into our living rooms’ (I. 28-30) 1 What can be inferred about National A advertising Smile Week? 8 overwork [A organics cd nat expect it to © poles succeed D- depression B Ir seems to have annoyed some 4 An increase in earnings fails to make most people ed happier because C “wes tage) Ureuccesst ‘A. their expenses are incredibly high, Divliwesnak ambitions enous they realise that's not where happiness lis. 8 there is always someone who earns more. they don't have financial problems. 16 are dropping and more than a third of young people enjoy what was once the elite privilege of higher education. We are healthy, wealthy and wise, Yet we've never felt so bad. If we scem like a nation of ingrates it may be because all the goodies that are supposed to make us happy don’t do it for us any more ~ even if we have yet to wake up to the fact, So, your house is worth half a million. Karl Marx, who for all his faults knew a bit about capitalism, captured the keeping-up-with-the-Joneses dynamic of market ‘A house may be large or small; as ibouring houses are likewise small, it satisfies all the social requirements of a residence. But let there arise next to the little house a palace and the little house shrinks to a hut? With mass media, the palace doesn't have to be next door ~ it can be beamed into our living rooms. Money doesn't make most of us happy any more. Poor people, understandably, see their life satisfaction rise with ‘income but for most of the population in a country as affluent as ours, any jump-start to well-being from a pay rise quickly wears off. ‘I was window-shopping in the South of France recently and 1 saw a diamond-studded ‘woolly hat, and I quite fancied it’ When we get to that stage we should realise that more money isn’t getting us, much more in terms of happiness. Harrods is currently carrying a pair of shoes priced at a coo! million ~ imagine itsomebody stepped on your foot. But what about health? Surely the virtual elimination. of most fatal diseases, rising life expectancy and falling mortality should be cheering us up? Not a bit of it. All that happens is that our expectations rise just as or even 5 According to the writer, improvements in health care ‘A. made no difference to the public's mood, B alleviated some health worries © cirectly led to increased anxiety, only caused complex legal issues 6 On average, people in their early thirties A. have more friends B have happier mariages. Care better-educated D. face more problems. a ww 3 a. Find at least three words or phrases which are synonyms for the word ‘miserable’ Vocabulary Practice b, Explain the highlighted words a wy 4 more quickly. Objectively, our health is better on almost every count, but this doesn’t translate into our fecling any healthier, We are more aware of our health, so we more anxious about it. Medicine has become a victim ‘own success: having massively reduced the chances death in childbirth, for example, people are now shocks fe is lost ~ ‘unavoidable - now it is unacceptable Like the answer to many great problems, however, ‘answer to the question of happiness may be quite ‘once countries and households are free of material ne the biggest contributor to life satisfaction seems to be & healthy set of personal relationships. The relative happiness of late teenagers and those passing middle age may relate to their spending more time on friendships. The thirtysomethings, fighting on the two fronts of work ‘and children, are the most dejected, Those between full- time education and retirement may be spending more ‘time on the activities they think will make them happy ‘earning and spending - than on those that actually spending time with friends and family. ‘This friend-shaped gap explains the American par why the residents of the richest nation in the world a so glum - according to Professor Robert E, Lane at Ys University. “There is a kind of famine of war interpersonal relations, of easy-to-reach neighbours, of encitcling, inclusive memberships, and of solid family life,” he says. ‘The secret of happiness? Not money. So leave the lawn, forget your investments and call in sick tomorrow. 75 Do yourself a favour. Phone a friend. Text Analysis What does the writer mean by the underlined phrases in the text? Discuss in pairs D Discussion 5 ‘a. The author believes that friends make you happy. How far do you agree with this? Discuss in pairs giving reasons. , Read lines 7 to 9. (Fourout...time). These statements are based on the results of a survey conducted to see how happy people in Britain are. What do you think the findings of a similar survey would be in your country? Discuss in groups. Make a list of the five most important things which make you feel happy. Compare your list to your partner's. Which three are the most popular among the class? 17 18 1 2 Gerund/Infinitive “e- Grammar Reference a. Rewrite the following sentences using a gerund, as in the example. 1. It takes her ages to put on her make-up. Putting on her make-up takes her oges. 2 Its nearly impossible for me to do two things at the same time 3. Itiswery frustrating for her to have to deal with such 8 problem on a Friday afternoon, 4 It makes me feel really happy to see old people holding hands, b. Now, answer these questions in the two ways shown above, 1) What takes you a long time? 2 What is nearly impossible for you? 3. What makes you feel really happy? a. Fill in the prepositions which usually follow these phrases. Use a dictionay if you wish, to dsapprove 8 tocompensate sb to compimentsb 9 tobe guity tobe ashamed 10 tobe obsesed to apdagse 19 to consist: tobe inioved 12 toobject to discourage sb 13. to protest tobe keen 14 tobenefit 'b. Now write a sentence for each phrase, using 2 gerund after the preposition. {strongly disapprove of teenagers returning home after 12. Match these phrasal verbs with their meanings pe — —| 1 takeup a iy 2 hep b sta (eg. a hobby) 3. block out sop ying 4 counton 4 ignore 5 make up for © compensate 6 run through e examine ] 'b, Rewrite the following sentences using the phrasal verbs in Ex. 3a, Use gerunds where possible, 1. He's been a stamp collector since he was five. Hetook up stamp collecting when he was five 2 _ignoted the street noise and continued studying 3 Let's think of ail the places where you might have left it 4 ‘She couldn't go on holiday with her parents so they ‘bought her a car instead, ‘realy need you to support me at the meeting 6 stopped trying to get my husband to do housework years ago. Fill the gaps in the following sentences using the gerund or the infinitive of the verbs in the parentheses, 1 L enjoy (live) in Spain, but | do iss (go) out with my friends. 2 We agreed (meet) by the river at o'clock, but they never showed up. 3 Frank failed (complete) the course ‘and so he wil have to retake it. 4 | suggested but Helen said she didn't fancy (wait) n a queve. 5 lcan’t really afford year 6 Martha practised (G0) to the cinema, (buy) a car this (play) the piano dally, but she seemed (make) litle progress. 7 Much as 1 dread (go) to the dentist, | don't think | can avoid (sit him this time, 8 She certainly mentioned (see) Mark, but | don't remember hee (talk) about Vicky. Use the verbs below in their infinitive or -ing form to complete the six rules for achieving success. respect * focus * gain * improve imagine * concentrate -» on the outcome of your goal ‘what your life wil be like once you have accomplished your aim. Build up your motivation levels by —onsninn YOUL diet. "You should alway .......0 the job at hand, don’t get distracted. You need 10 ru events in your life. vo» Control over the everyday English in Use-Part 1 6 Youwill read a text on unusual ways to celebrate birthdays. STRATEGY POINT * Read the whole text fst to get an dea of its theme(s) and content a. Read the article quickly and answer these uestions. q ‘Consider meaning, naturainess and form. ‘Style is important; a very formal word is unlikely to fit in an informal passage and vice versa 1 What sort of activites are mentioned inthe article? 2 Doyou think the writers an adventurous person? 3 How would you describe the tone ofthis article? why? b, Now read the article again and decide which ‘ Word is best for each space Looking for an unforgettable way to celebrate that special occasion? Well, the 1) of options open to ea youngster, or even “oldster’ for that matter, isa far ery from the traditional party or restaurant visit. No longer is it 2) sufficient to invite your friends round, buy some food and 3) .... a baker to produce a cake. No, today’s birthday boy or git is looking for something out of the ordinary, ranging from the 4) ...... expensive to the downright dangerous. Anything 8) noo 8 long as it is unusual and impressive. ‘Top of this year’s popular 6)... are as follows: taking some friends rally driving, helicopter lessons, plane trip and Parachuting and hot air ballooning. Then, there is 7) ....... group bungee jumping or taking your buddies on a stomach- churning, white water rafting 8)... down rapids. The desire for adventurous celebration is not restricted to the 9) 10)... the milestone of eighty by having a flying lesson, Of course, if you have the money the world is your oyster. A well-heeled relation of mine flew fifty of his friends to a Caribbean island to mark the passing of his half century. Unfortunately 1 was only a 11) ‘Undoubtedly, the more traditional forms of celebration do continue to 12) .. among us. However, with my own half century 13)... atthe Eiffel Tower. Ican 14) - Trecently met an octogenarian who celebrated relation «the less extravagant or less adventurous 6n the horizon I would not say no to a weekend in Paris and a meal +» dream. Perhaps by the time I'm eighty I'l be able to afford it a | 1 A scale B degree € range D variance 2 A hoped B decided © marked D considered 3A make B get C let D want 4 A perfectly B dearly outrageously D explicitly | 5 A goes B comes C wins D takes 6 A experiments B extravagances C exposures D expenses | 7 Aever B always € more D instead 8 A travel B voyage ¢ fide D crossing 9 A adolescents B teenagers ¢ youth D young 10 A attaining B arriving € getting D reaching 11 A distant B remote C faraway D slight 12 A pacity B distract absorb D satisfy 13 A appearing B looming darkening D showing 14 A however 8 but c D nevertheless anyway . 7 Find words or phrases in the text above which are similar in meaning to the following. 1. very different from 4 an important event 7 approaching 2. unusual 5 there isn limit 8 | would ike 3. frightening 6 wealthy 9° t'simpossible for me 19 20 8 Put weltin front of the verbs in the list, then use them to complete the sentences. Which of the ‘brought up * documented. spoken * thought of © known travelled © mannered 1” She knows a great deal about cfferent cultures. She's extremely 2 You must have read his books He's avery author 3 He was a quiet, pleasant, young 4 Her parents had done a marvellous job with her. She was very 5 You can introduce him to anyone and he won't let you down, He's extremely 6 Everybody respects him in the community. He's very 7 You can find out everthing about the development of the internet. t's very Why didn’t you stop when I waved at you, Miss? S Error correction © Word Formation verbs listed best completes the caption? Q a. Complete the following sentences with words formed from the noun alarm. We had to call the doctor. Her temperature was high, He's always spreading rumours that we're going bankrupt. He's areal Her exam resuits are quite had any problems at home? | was rather 50 came straight over. Has she by the message you ef ‘Complete the following sentences with words formed from the verb impress. 1 tt was an Performance by Henman, Who now looks set to win the tournament. 2 He found the art exhibition rather 3 saying that he had expected to see more artists from abroad, 3 Jeremy was by Shona's display of anger; afterall, he was used to her losing her temper 4) He was anxious to make a good (his fiance's parents, so he wore @ white shirt and atic 5 Tony is only 16 and he is easily influenced by those around bim; he's a rather young, man 10 178 of the 10 sentences that follow there is an unnecessary word. Find the unnecessary words and write them in the spaces provided. The unnecessary words in these sentences could be: * prepositions © quantifiers » auxiliary verbs * adverbs 1 Her ability to write was sharpened much after she took a writing course Often the consultant will be able to advise you on issues which are not work-related, Not much of planning has been done yet for my graduation party The teacher was being determined not ‘When we got home, we were shocked to find that the puppies had disappeared fo mistake her new students for her old ones from last year, {rad talked wth my fat mate an she said she had no problem if you wanted ta stay for a coupe of cays, He has come to the conclusion ofthat he must go back to university and finish his degree if he wants to get a better jo. 2 3 4 5 5 relly tked the tings she had ad to say about my recent panting 7 8 9° My grandfather just ded in World War 10 "plan on doing many things with all my life before | settle down and have children (English in Use ~ Part 5 11 In this section of the English in Use paper you have to fill n a gapped text by transferring information from another text of a different style. @. Look at the two letters below. How are they ‘connected? Which one is formal? b. Making sure that the style is appropriate, Underline the correct phrases in letter B. A Dear Jen, ust a few ines to vay Ive heard from Maynard's School and they've chosen me for a second interview! Ive got. to get there for 10 on Tuesday and I'm having the interview in the Head's office, The Head of Department is going to be there too. After this fil be getting a look round the school. Sounds great! They'll let me know if Ive got the Job 29 900n as they can > probably ext week. Fingers crossed See you at the weekend, Mardy B_ Dear Miss Trueman, ‘You have 1) been selected / been picked out for a second interview which will 2) be held / come about in the Head Teacher's office at 10.00 am on Tuesday, 9th March. In addition to the Head Teacher, the Head of Department will also 3) come along / be present. Following the interview we invite you to 4) look around | tour the school premises to see the children | intheir working environment. ‘You will be informed of the outcome in 8) due ‘course / a week or so. Ifyou are successful you would be expected to take up the position at the beginning of May, following 2 two-day induction session. We look forward to seeing you again on 9th March. ‘Yours sincerely, . What differences do you notice between the two letters in the following areas? * lexis (e.g. choose vs. select) + grammar (e.9, you have been selected vs. they've chosen me) 412. Now read the following letter and use the information in this text to complete the gaps in the formal letter. Use no more than two words for each ‘gap. The words you need do not occur in the informal letter. Dear Jen, You wor't believe thie! Ive just heard | got the job | applied for at Maynard's school. lorit that fantastic Theyre going to fill me in on everything on Monday Gth and IM meet the staff at break They really IKed ‘my application and | aid well ih the inceriewo. They think Im going to really help the: school. Ag well a8 my timetabled teaching, Um going to be working with the Head of Department on the adrnin comected with the different courses. This should take up about a third of ry tim They say lovely things about mel til be joining a group of teachers whove been together tor years 60 1 defiritely be the new girl on the block! I'm 90 excited My Feet haven't touched the ground since | got the letter. Wish me luck Love, Mandy Dear Miss Trueman, We have great pleasure in 1). vse that YOU HAVE 2) on in your application to join the teaching staff at Maynards School, Your 3) session isto be held at 9.15 on the ‘morning of 6th May and you wll 4) to the staf at breaktime that day, Let me say how 5) wwe were with your application and interview; we feel that you will be a very strong 6)... tothe school. We should like your work to inelude 7) the Head of Department in his organisation, planning and running of the various courses we offer. This would be ). sinvinnnninne 10 YOUr own. teaching commitment and should 9) approximately 30% of your time, Once again, please accept our congratulations and we look forward to your strengthening an already 10). team of teachers. Yours sincerely, 21 Writing: For 22 Formal letters are written for a variety of reasons - e.g +o present information, to make an application, to recommend someone or something, to complain, to apologise, ete Informal letters are written for similar reasons but are usually writen to people you know, The main difference between formal and informal letters is ‘the language that you use. In all cases itis essential that the style of the leer is appropriate forthe target reader. letter should contain ‘+ Anintroduction in which the reason for writing is clearly stated. In formal letters, it is often necessary to state who you are, ‘A main body in which the task is covered according to the instructions given. Each different issue should be discussed in a separate paragraph, You usually begin each main body paragraph with a topic sentence Examples and/or explanations are then added in supporting sentences, * A conclusion in which you restate the main points of the leter andor state an opinion. For formal ltters, any ‘action you want taken should be clearly stated at the ‘end of the letter. In informal letters, you usually end by sending your wishes and perhaps asking the other person to write back D vocabulary iq Use the phrases given to fill in the gaps in the sentences below, 2s in the example * take issue with * in addition to this ‘tis concemed * voice my concern about * expressed the opinion that * with regard to * views contained * which appeared in 1. 1would also like to take ssuewith the statement made by your journalist that the students of the college are to blame for tis situation 2 Lamting to complain about the atcle yesterday's issue of your newspaper, 3. Lamwriting to the proposed changes to-the education system inthe dist. 4 The in your report were extreme and unfounded, 5 The writer the project was a failure 6 , you should consider the enoemous progress that has been made 7 the effect (nthe public; | feel that this will be considerable 8 Asfaras the committee they have done everything in their power to see that this unfortunate event is not repeated b. Look at the situations below and, for each one, imagine that you have to write a letter showing your objection. Use the phrases above to suggest sentences that would be suitable. A You have just seen a TV documentary which was very iitical of your hame town, B_ You have recently heard that the college where you study English is planning to increase its fees ©The government has announced plans to close down the only remaining hospital in your town, D_ The local authorities have recently released plans to build a new office complex on fields near your home E You recently read an artide accusing people in your country of nat caring about the environment, D Understanding the Rubric Part One of the CAE writing paper is a compulsory iting task which is based on reading input. Itis important that you follow the instructions carefully and use the information you are given. Read the rubric and reading input below, paying ‘areful attention to the underlined words and phrases. The English cass that you belong to recently studied the arte below, which was. taken fom an international students’ magazine. After 2 discussion, ‘many members of your cass disagreed with the points that have been made. You felt that the comments in he artile dd not apply to your count. Your teacher has asked you, a class representative, to wit_to the editor ofthe magatine, explaining why vou fee the aril isinaccuate \Wrte your etter approximately 250 words) Everything's just perfect, thanks! Ieseems that there area lot more contented people rowaudays. According 10 the reuls of our recent survey, people the world over are happy wth their lives. Look at what else we discovered: © 9.out of 10 people said they were happy with the level of education available to them. © Over three quarters of those who responded are happy With their jobs. ‘The majority of people are happy with city fe. Although they would not say no fo more money, most people claim that they have enough to lve comfortaby Public transport is, people say, excelent Now tick (7) the appropriate boxes in the statements below. You should we formal eter an infoalter bis going tobe esd by: someone yu knew [-] someane you don't know [=] € Youteason for wing st presen information [] make an appcation ] fecommend someone or something [] comptain [] saestel] 41 node 0 folow the instructions you shoud wie a ltr agreeing] dsagreeng [1 wt the reading rout the article in Tick the boxes below to stow which of the points are suitable for inclusion in ths etter. Give reasons, * We do not feel that most people are happy with their ves, * |, forone, am very unhappy with my if. think your survey i abig lie. * Many people in my country have complaints about the education system. Most of us are happy with our jobs. © Asignificant percentage of us would move if we could © Lack of money is among the most commonly reported complaints © Our public transport system is seriously under-funded and our roads are heavily congested. Oo Eee oO 080 D Analysing the Model 3 Read the model on the right and use the words! phrases to fillin the gaps. Suggest alternatives which could be used in their place. Then answer the {questions that follow. * furthermore + secondly * finally * to conclude in fact ¢ first of all © with reference to 1. Does. the introduction clearly state the reason for writing? What other information is included inthe first paragraph? 2 ~ Does the fist sentence of each main body paragraph Ceaty tate the topic ofthat paragraph? = How does the writer support each of these sentences? ~ Which points) from the reading input does the writer ‘address in each paragraph? 3 How does the writer conclude the letter? Dear sir|Madam, 1am writing 1)... the article entitled ‘everything's just perfect, thanks!” which appeared in the june issue of your magazine. Following a discussion of the article in our english class, 1 have been chosen to express our disagreement with some of the views contained in the article. 2) ceesnone WE find it difficult to believe that such a large number of people ore satisfied with the education system and with their working conditions. This is certainly not the case here, where many people have complaints about the poor standards of education, 3) lack of job satisfaction is known to be among the greatest causes of stress in this country. 4) , it certainly is not true that ‘most people are happy with public transport, either in our cities or in the country. 5) ” one of the most. commonly heard complaints is that there are insufficient buses and trains to serve an ever-increasing population. it is a well-known fact that our public transport system is seriously under- funded and our roads are heavily congested. And, as far as city life is concerned, a significant percentage would move if they had the opportunity. eee , we feel it is unrealistic: of you to claim that most people have enough money to live on. Were this so, we would have none of the financial problems faced by most people and widespread poverty would not be an issue. 7 ssewne We found your article to be extremely inaccurate in its assessment of living Conditions. since your magazine claims to represent students from all over the world, we look forward to reading more objective reporting in future issues. Yours faithfully, (Muck UtiBemoy = ‘Mark Wiseman a 4 How strongly does the writer feel about the points he makes? Find examples of words or phrases which helped you to decide. Then suggest how the letter could have been written mare or less forcefully 5 Complete the following sentences using ideas of your own, + [find it difficult to believe that © It consinly isnot true that * Itisa wellknown fact that 4 fee! itis unrealistic 23 I 1 Lam wating @ sayhow much {disagree l 24 = Formal and Informal Style How formal your letter needs to be depends on the target reader and the reason for writing, Itis very important to maintain the same level of formality throughout your letter (in other words, you should not mix very formal ‘expressions with very informal ones) Study the guidelines. Formal style includes: * Sophisticated vocabulary + impersonal tone « more frequent Use of the passive voice. © complex grammatical constructions ‘formal inking devices » advanced vocabulary Informal style includes: * colloquial (spoken) and idiomatic English » personal tone/ direct address « less frequent use of the passive voice « less ‘complex grammatical constructions.» simple linking devices ‘less advanced vocabulary * contractions 4. Look at the formal expressions on the left, which have all been taken from the model. Match them with their less formal equivalents, 3° Vwe find it difficult to € I thought I'd drop you a 55a. Read the sentences below and say whether they are formal or informal, Then suggest who the target reader might be. 1 itis a welhknowm fact that the schools seriously under- funded, 2 Inthe article which was called ‘A National Disgrace’, the information was wrong. 3. Alot of people would do this if they had the chance. ‘tcan’tbe right that so many people believe this 5. | am wnting to express my disagreement with the opinions in last night's ‘Agenda’ on BBC2. b. Now, using phrases from Ex. 4, and making other necessary changes, re-write the sentences ina different style. Discuss the effects that the different styles would have on the readers. D Topic and Supporting Sentences 6 2 Read the following paragraphs and say whether ‘each one contains an explanation, an example, or both. Then think of an appropriate topic ‘sentence for each one. The first one has been done for you. ‘A. To begin with, there so pressing need for renovation work tobe | done tothe colgbidngs The Wray, in patel, hs not | been decorated fr sevtl yews and fs sufetng fom serious damp patches, =r work not cried oat soon, ther is 2 very rea danger that some ofthe books could be destroyed. ‘venon) It certainly makes it easier for students to see how well they are progressing, There are other benefits as wel, for example, exams give you that extra motivation you need in | Corder to learn new vocabulary or grammar items. for instance, you could sign yourself up for a couse of | lessons in a new sport or even dance classes ~ why not? But the thing to remembers that, however hard itis in the beginning, you wil soon see the benefit b. Now suggest what kind of letters the paragraphs above could be taken from, 7 Read the following topic sentences. Then, using the prompts given, write supporting sentences to complete each paragraph. Remember to keep the style consistent throughout each paragraph. AS ar as myself and my fellow students are concerned, succes in examinations is a very important part of the process of leaming English. © indication of progress ® incentive to study ® qualifications b Vive) ogres wih your reporter's cloim that our quality of fife is improving © sess © crime © finoncol diicuties Tm are yout fad oo hing is Raga at youte imerested in, * sections on sportmusic © ine * up-to-date information resting letters page eT d) ‘Thanks very much for giving me the chance to see how you run the club. © useful experience * great atmosphere * fresh approach > Beginnings and Endings 4 FORMAL LETTERS femember that formal letters begin and end with either Dear Si/Madam, + Yous faithful, or Dear Miss Smith, -* Yours sincerely, Al forma letters begin wth the reason fr wting ~ eg. taming to request. /inforyeu../ complain about /apaogisefor ppl fr «etc Inadtion, you can indude one or more of the following + wha you are-e 9. lam itn on Beal ofmy Engl. * a eference to something youhave seen or read ~.9. lam oningin ‘pons toyouraice nat Tuesdoys isu of duction News. * details of place, time, people spoken to, etc, 9. ~ whe was attending the seinarsforstudentson th May Depending onthe reason for writing, letters can end with one or more ofthe folowing + A summary ofthe main body * reiteration ofthe reason for writing reassurance + Areference to future action + An expression of gratitude 8 Match the beginnings and the endings below and identify the techniques which have been included. Then say which letter: * is informal * isto.a newspaper is applying fora job A Deat Mr Wooster, am writing in my capacity as secretary of the college social club to say how concerned ‘we wefe to read about the decisions taken at the committee meeting held on the fourth of last month, B Dear Mark, | am writing to let you know about a marvellous ‘opportunity that | have heard about and that | think is exactly what you'te looking for. ania © Dear SirMadam, | am writing to express my ress my interest in the Position of part-time library assistant that | saw advertised in your newsletter dated 13th June INFORMAL LETTERS Informal letters usually begin and end with fist names in the following way. Dear John, -* Lots of love, Susan Dear Margaret -+ Take care and write soon, Bl Informal letters can begin withthe reason for writing, 8g, | thought I would write to let you know about this fantastic new course that’ being ofered. Alternatively, they can begin with an informal greeting, e.g. Howareyou doing? The closing comment depends on the content of the letter -€.9, Whitescon andlet me know what you think. /Why dont yougiveitaty2/ ae 1 ‘As I've said, this really is too good a chance to let ‘slip by. | honestly don't think it will be very difficult for you of ali people to qualify. So why not give ita go? Wirite and let me know how you get on. Say hello to everyone for me, Lots of love, Jill 2 hope that you will consider me for the post. | enclose a copy of my CV, together with two letters of reference. |loak forward to hearing from you and having the opportunity to discuss this matter further aa faithfully, Kate Lowe | trust you will give this iss, ue your urgent Consideration and will take the opinions of the students into account. Thanking you in anticipation for your cooperation on this matter. Migemon Yours sincerely, Graham Wiseman 25 26 i 8 (A coral tel tion sacety raphe e ISCUSS wh programme about the town where you ive, You found the infomation in-the programme bay represented the area and you have decided to write to the programme producers in order to complain Q Read the rubrics and underline the key information. Then answer the questions that follow. Write your letter to the producers. (approx. 250 words) A A friend of yours recently sent you the article below ‘along with a short note. You feel very strongly about the content of the article and have decided to follow Wht oy tae fo wre your fiend’s suggestion and write to the editor of the Who are the target readers? magazine which publshed the article How formal does your writing need to be? How will you begin and end your letter? ‘What information wil you include in the main body? Think of appropriate topic sentences for your main an boy Read the original article and the extract from your fliend’s letter Then, using the information provided, write: a) a letter to the magazine editor expressing your opinion (approximately 200 words). by letter to your friend, teling him or her what you have done (approximately 50 words) 10 Using the information you have learned in this unt, write one of the tasks you discussed above. IT’S A STUDENT’S LIFE by English in Action writer, James Faraday ‘They live off other people's money. They don't even know the meaning of the word ‘work’. And they contribute nothing at all o society. Who am I talking about? Students, of course -Asfar as Tam concerned, foday’s students are lazy, ‘unproductive individuals who do nothing but sit around all day listening to CDs and spending their parents’ hard- earned money. Then, when that’ all gone, they turn to the taxpayer to support them ia their lives of luxury, T ‘wouldn't mind, but they dare to complain that they are ‘overworked and that they suffer from stress. All [can say is that they are going to have a shock when they finally enter the real world. ‘Then they'll realise what work and stress really mean 1’m sure you'l agree with me that this article is a bit hard on us students. Why don’t you write a letter to the editor of English in Action and put him straight? I'd do it myself but I'm revising for exams (Something that the writer of this article would not believel). Anyway, I'm sure you'd do a better job than me. Let me know if you decide to do it 1 Lead-in ‘a, What does the title of the unit mean? in what sense is each picture an escape? What might the people be escaping from? b, Do you ever feel the need to escape from one or more of the following? How do you do it? Discuss in pairs. * ctyhillage life * famiy/fiends * routine ner ‘schoolwork. » the wea a. Complete the questionnaire below and compare your answers to your partner's, adding details 1. Whats an ideal night out for you? (Tick more than one item ifyou wish ) [oD Dinner at arestaurant = [2] Clubbing Do tiveconcert theatre other 2 When you stay in for the evening, how do you relax? (ck more than one item if you wish.) ow 2 Cooking — 5] Ratio (Eo Videogames [5] Internet 5] Reading Cotte 3. On average, how much do you spend on entertainment per month? Ces: than £20 siz Co 20-60) 11 more than £100 My ideal righ then ‘begin with dinner ata restaurant, (B) Listen to a radio report about how people in ‘the UK responded to the questionnaire in Ex. 2a and complete the sentences, Pe 2. The thea When staying ai prefer clubbing cent of people aq nth on entertainment ©. What do you think the results of a similar survey ‘would be in your country? Discuss in pairs. Have you ever been on any of the following types of holiday? backpacking * camping * cony-trekking * saling uring ickage ‘sightseeing * skiing With a partner, discuss: ‘* What might be the good and bad points of the above ‘types of holiday + In what ways can holidays exhaust rather 0g) ont Paraphrase the following quotations. Which do you agree with? Why? Discuss in pars ‘Some people, for the sake of getting a living, forget to live Margaret Fuller (US journalist & essayist A perpetual holiday is 2 good working definition of hell George Bernard Shaw (Irish dromatist and writer vas 15 20 28 3. You will read an extract from an article on J.R.R. Tolkien's The ord ofthe Rings. What do you know about The Lord 9 ‘ofthe Rings? Have you read the book or seen any of the films? What did you think of them? Discuss in pars b. Before you read, look atthe title and the introduction to the article. Which ofthe following statements do you © ' expect the writer to agree with? Discuss in pais. TheLord ofthe Ringsis more realistic G Now read the article to check your answers. d. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow (1-7). The Book of the Century A classic of our times or an escapist yarn? Although its popularity is unparalleled, some intellectuals dismiss The Lord of the Rings as boyish fantasy, Andrew O'Hehir defends Tolkien's true myth’ as a ‘modern masterpiece, and attempts to discover the secret ofits success. In January 1997, reporter Susan Jeffreys of the London Sunday Times informed a colleague that JJR.R. Tolkien's epic fantasy The Lond of the Rings had been voted the greatest book of the 20th century in a readers’ poll conducted by Britain's Chane] 4 and the Waterstone's bookstore chain. Her colleague tesponded: "What? Has it? Oh dear, Dear oh dear oh dear. Attitudes in America are arguably more relaxed about this kind of thing. No one from the American educated clases expressed much diay when a 1999 poll of American on-line bookshop Amazon.com customers chose The Lord of the Rings as the areatest book not merely of the century but of the millennium, Tolkien's book is so deeply ingrained in popular culture, after all, that a great many of today’s American academies and. journalists probably stil have those dog-eared paperbacks they ead avidly in eighth grade with their hallucinatory mid-1970s ‘over art, stashed somewhere in the atti, Furthermore, members ofthe U.S. intelligentsia fully expect to have their tastes ignored, if not openly derided, bythe public at large. To some American intellectuals it seems even touching, that so many millions of readers will happily devour a ‘work as complicated as The Lord of the Rings. Whatever one ‘may make of i, it's @ more challenging read than Gone With the Wind (ranner-up in the Amazon survey), not to mention Harry Power and the Sorcerer's Stone (fitth place), Many academics think The Lord ofthe Ringsis an overated novel ‘an other Fantasy novels The reason why the book isso successful is hard to explain } p The book's style is vey unusual for a 20th century novel ‘Hugely ambitious in scope, The Lord of the Rings occupies an uncomfortable position in 2h century literature. Tolkien's epic Poses a stern challenge to modern literature and its defenders (Tolkien on his cries: “Some who have read the book, or at any Fate have reviewed it, have found it boring, absurd, or contemptible; and T have no cause to complain, since 1 have. 3 Similar opinions of their works or ofthe kids of writing that they evidently prefer”) Yet The Lord of the Rings has enjoyed imassve and GFA popularity. It would seem that Tolkien's work supplied something that was missing among the formal (BRR 2c cnr Scion smog rece eo 3 ‘were VERO But wht was it, and why was itimportant? ae | Answering this question properly would probably require « book rather than’ an artible. But it seems that the erux of the tater lies in Tolkien's wholehearted rejection of modernity } and modernism. This is what so powerfully attracts some readers and jut as powerfully BRIS others. In his book LR.R. Tobkien: Author of the Cenury, T.A. Shippey expands on this ‘oton by arguing that Tolkien saw his realm of Middle-earth ot as fiction or invention, but as the recovery of something 5 genuine that had become buried beneath IAGRIGHISo! fairytale and nursery rhyme. “However fanciful Tolkien's creation of Middle-earth was,” Shippey writes, “he did not think that he was entirely making it ‘up. He was ‘reconstructing’, he was harmonising contradictions Din his source-texts, sometimes he was supplying entirely new ‘SKE ike hobbits), but he was also reaching hack to an ‘imaginative world whick he believed had once really existed, at dest ina colectve imsgination.” ‘book is als deeply grounded in Totkien’s linguistic = he invented whole languages for his characters. etmes he became so absorbed in the creation of languages, infil, that he put the story itself aside for months or years at a ‘elieving he could not continue until some quandary or gosisieney in his invented realm had been resolved. But is immense intellect and erudition isnot the source of ‘without his storytelling gift, The Lord of the Rings kien himself often spoke of is work as something ‘ound’ or covered, something whose existence was independent of n. Its wise to tread lightly in this srt of interpretation, but it lear that he believed his work to be something given, ng revealed, which contained a kind of truth beyond As a result, his details have the weight of realty, and otherwise, and because ofthis his great sweep of els real us well; you might say that his imaginary castles are built witha certain amount of genuine stone. Other writers’ fantasy works are made up. Tolkien’ is inherited. ‘1 When The ord ofthe Rings was voted the greatest book of ‘the 20th century, ‘A. many Americans were annoyed. B some people didn't believe it {© some people found the fact shocking D American academics disagreed 2 Itisimplied in the second paragraph that TheLord ofthe Rings ‘A. is more popular in the States than in the UK. Bs taught in many schools throughout the world. © ismainly apoveciated by academics and journalists, Ds mostly read by schoolchildren. 3 What do we learn about Gone With the Wind? ‘A. Iewas once more popular than ThelLord ofthe ngs. B_ itis seen as more challenging than The Lord ofthe Rings. was voted one place behind The Lordofthe Rings, D_Itismore touching than The Lord ofthe Rings. What was Tolkien's reaction to criticism of The Lord of the Rings? A He felt it was unjustified B Hewasn't bothered by it C Hecouldn't understand it D_ He partly agreed with it ‘According to Shippey, Tolkien believed that the world he described ‘A. was full of unresolved contractions B_ was completely accurate, historically was imaginative but not pure fantasy D_ was as incredible as his sources Making up languages for The Lord ofthe Rings A helped Tolkien to take the story forward. was more interesting to Tolkien than writing the story C was sometimes rather frustrating for Tolkien resulted in engthy interruptions to Tolkien's writing, According to the writer of the artide, the details in Tolkien's work A ate sometimes rather difficult to follow. B__make the story seem more realistic include some modern elements, canbe interpreted in many diferent ways ® Vocabulary Practice 2 Explain the highlighted words in the text. D Text Analysis 3 ‘a, What does the writer mean by the underlined parts? 1 Tolkien's book fs so. deeply ingrained in our popular culture . (1 12) 2... 9 many milions of readers will happily devour a work as complicated as... 20-21) 3. The book is alo deeply crounded in Tokien's linguistic expertise . I, 54-55) ‘4 is wise to tread lightly in this sort of interpretation (en bb. Read the first paragraph again and in pairs, act out the dialogue between Susan Jeffreys and her colleague. ® Discussion What works of fiction have you read recently? What did you like or dislike about them? Discuss in pairs. 29 Language Focus How would you fel f your best Fiend said he had tickets fora sold-out rock concert? B: Fantastic. fd be realy tried! ‘A: Would you like to see a film that was said to be ‘the scariest fim ofl time?” 8 Noway! 1d be absolutely terrted. D Weekend Pleasures 2 Tick (V) the boxes to form phrases. Can you think of one more phrase to go under each heading? What kind of ‘escape’ are they related to? time to relax oi L iteasy © ona fishing trip * tothe cinema 20 on-line crossword * ona picnic © toa rock concert | a Soothing bath Oh seoreeesl | tickets for a match + toamuseumveallery + toa fitness centre - an extravagant dinner 1” After | was assigned my own personal instructor, apany advisor, tutor, he showed me around the aym and explained how the equipment worked, 1 SEE cece 2 The fishing (tent, hostel, lodge) was convenienty de 8 table for two located within walking distance of a well-stocked weekend break lake LL... 3 We enjoyed a lovely packed lunch inthe refreshing . Discuss your weekend plans with your partner. (isolation, barrenness, solitude) of the fragrant yeast A: What have you planned forthe weekend? 4 The group opened their concert with 2 rousing 8: Im not sure buton Fiday night thought might. (rendition, edition, translation) ofthe hit song that had made them famous. > Pastimes 5 The fim was areal (clfshanger, blockbuster, box Office hit) —it had the audience gasping in suspense = Underline the word which best completes each BF tl the very end. sentence. To what pastime is each group of & After his 10-mile (pilgrimage, trek, voyage) over words related? Can you add one more word? I 7 The (dean, curator, prefect) showed the visitors the (net / racket / court / umpire) angry on the ground. new eshibits that had boen donated to ane 2 He spends hours in his (camera / darkroom / lens / jena tripod) every evening developing rols of fim 8 We stood onthe (lator, deck, stage) of the 3 Place your foot inthe (saddle / stirrup / bit bridle) liner as it pulled away from the pier and swing your other eg over the horses hack 4 Because of her fear of heights and the swinging b. How would you feel? Read the examples, then motion of the seats, Linda has never been Use the language box to discuss in pairs about Persuaded to get on a (carousel / roller coaster / the activites in Ex. 1a big wheel / water slide) = inmsunies 5 My grandmother is fanatic about her favoutite (Gocumentary chat show / soap opera / cartoon), Positive Negative She laughs and cries with the actors as though they * Ibe realy pleased) * be realy fightened! were real people. eddelghted. boredsappointed Besure you drain the spinach inthe (whisk / grater / + be ove the moon! + dbe scared to death, saucepan / colander) before you spread it over the + dbeon top ofthe word! «© rdbbe bored sift. sheets of pastry * tdbeextremelythiled! ——» td be absolutely tri 30 b. What do you like doing in your spare time? Use it was really to see the terrible phrases from the language box to discuss in poverty endured by people living in the shanty town. airs, as in the example. 3° © It’s quite atn) ‘book, ‘ot uit eng enough fr bedtime reedng = Preferences + after the sevenbour La tena ci the mountaineers were abslte exhausted * Totelyouthetnth, think! © Idon'tke skating a al 7 yorteehiot ute ie sae eo eae refer stamp collecting to | like sking far better. acti tke gente welling ait geal To reach safety, the suniors were faced with the Personal, like reading my interest. 'd much a mete better than watching TV, rather goto the theatre eee aa eee * Onbalance, I'd prefer to * Fm afraid pottery isn't my rae! Sempesatufes ofthe fake Peis ste rake it ursuitabe for snorkeling without a wetsuit rather than play the piano. seulpting ‘although tewas slightly + Gen the his, feSooner + dont think fancy that we ejyed our skighvide enormous ‘watch a video than go to However, embroidery might 'eRibe coaster de ree es therace ack ery wet and sper © If the weather remains ¥'m going to plant my garden at the end of the week. ‘A: What do you like doing in your spare time? B: Personal like. What about you? ‘A: Idonttthinkfd fancy that However etc 52. Study the theory box. Then fil in the gaps with ‘an appropriate adverb from the theory box. > Build Up your Word Power ‘Most adjectives can be made more emphatic by using adverbs with them, e.g, really/very good, ‘absolutlytotaly amazing. Some adverbs collocate with both gradable and non-gradable adjectives, really good/amazing. However, not all adverbs A, The adjectives below have been grouped in order of increasing intensity. Use them to complete the sets ‘of sentences which follow. Use each adjective only = and adjectives collocate, e.g. very/really interesting, , F Not Jotaly.istarating silent Everyday English Useful language: Expressing your thoughts + Responding to news + Inmyviewopiion + indined to beeve that What think's | + Myopinontew is that 6 __IMpairs guess and say what the other speaker says, ‘a Once ina blue moon. d_Every so often Every now and then. Hardly ever © Once ina while Useful language: Inviting a response ‘A: Doesheever wash his car? + What do you thnk? + What's your feing? + What are your thoughts? What's yourreacton? 35 Reading Reading - Part 2 1 Youwill read an extract from an article about a hiking holiday in Tasmania. Before you read, discuss the following questions with a partner. 11 Where i Tasmania? What sort of scenery do you expect the writer to see? 2 Whyw and lonely uid somebody choose to travel toa remote 3. Look at the ttle and introduction to the arti. hat do you think the focus of the article will be? Read quickly and check. A hiker’s “I this isn't lonely enough for you,” a grizzled Tasmanian sheep farmer told me, pointing out towards some desolate and windswept alpine scrub, "try the Twisted Lakes. You tam hive as much solitude as you want round there,” he choriled, A few days later, when I made it to Cradle Mountain, 1 ‘could see what the farmer meant. Tasmania was at its most benign ~ brilliantly sunny, which apparently occurs here only one day in every 10. Td left the main walking trail just a few hundred yards behind, and there I was, the only living soul in a pristine moorland, gazing into a startling ‘emptiness, paradise and there's nobody around 10 Tony Perrottet loses himself in Tasmania, b. Read the article. Seven paragraphs have been. removed. Choose which of the paragraphs given on the opposite page (A-H) fit into the gaps (1-7), There is one paragraph you do not need to use. trail wound upwards onto a highland plateau. That's 1 found the Twisted Lakes ~ a trio of moss-fringed tars looking as deliberately arranged as a Japanese garden. ASI took my skinny dip, I realised why Tasmania is considered a hiker's paradise by Australians. In the rest of the country you often have to travel for days to notice a change in landscape. la Tt was early afternoon when the trail emerged on the flanks of Little Horn, the lower peak of Cradle Mountain. I had the choice of turning back or continuing in a wide loop around Dove Lake, which sparkled like black opal far below, Well, I thought cockily, how hard could it get? e is Tstooped at a rivulet to take driak— safe as Evian then stripped off my clothes and threw myself naked into a chilly lake. Nobody was going to disturb me here in my own private valley ... not today, not tomorrow, maybe not even for another month, There are few places on earth where ‘you can keep your own company so easly as Tasmania — although when [fist arrived in Cradle Mountain, 1 didn't actually feel that alone. I'd spent the night before at a cchalet-style lodge with a gaggle of raucous Aussies on summer holidays, while Eagles songs played over and over on a perpetual loop, Finally, T recognised the path — heading down, down, straight down a blunt outcrop of stone ealled Bald Rock. | vaguely remembered the park ranger warning me about this. ("She's a tricky one," he'd smirked. "Take her slow.") From up above, the rock looked like a giant, slippery slide. fe B ‘A park ranger, identifiable by a badge with a pink ‘Tasmanian devil on it, pointed out the route to the Twisted Lakes: "Just chuck a left at Hanson's Peak, mate, Not a soul up there." ‘Chucking a left’ took me over a mountain ridge and into the void, Up above, bare granite peaks protruded like decaying teeth. Clusters of tiny. scarlet flowers swayed in the bush, At one turn, I nearly tripped ‘over a wombat. This. shy, muscular, almost spherical creature scratched itself awake and lumbered off like a ‘miniature tank, smashing branches as it went. As the sun imbed, bathing the landscape in a dreamy warmth, the "We did this exact same hike Tast year,” the boyiriend confided merrily. "Started out perfect, just like today. By noon it was snowing." At this, the pair of them bounded down the rock face like mountain goats, "Don't worry, you dingos," the girlfriend shouted back, "it's not as bad as it looks." Of course, they were right. If you took it slowly, Bald Rock was a piece of cake. And at the bottom lay my Teward, a lake of Olympic-pool proportions just begging for the ultimate mountain swim. 7 "Survive that lot, cobber?” he asked cheery, "No worries, ‘mate," I said, getting into the Tassie rhythm. "If that's not lonely enough for you," he said, "try the southwestern forests .." 1 cut him off as fast as I eould: "No, no, that was plenty lonely enough” — and roared back to the busy alpine lodge for a little raucous banter by the fireside and a few Eagles songs, Two hours later, having crossed a temperate rainforest whose giant ferns looked like something from Jowmey 0 the Centre ofthe Earth, I stumbled back to my car. It was neatly dark, and most visitors had left, But lounging beside his Land Cruiser was my old mate the park ranger, just making sure that the stragglers returned safely from the wilderness To my relief, a team of four Aussie bushwalkers suddenly appeared on the trail and joined me in contemplation of the view, It was easy to identify the couple from Tasmania = they were the ones who, even on this bot and cloudless summer’s day, carried full rain gear and thermal underwear in their packs. € When 1 woke up the next morning, the countrysitle was swathed in a chilly, pea-soup mist. But by the time Td finished breakfast, the sky had transformed into a dome of cloudless blue ~ an invitation to explore, D But then the landscape changed again. The soil became drier, the sun brighter, the heat blistering, My water was runing low, The tek was starting to feel like an ou-take from Beau Geste. And was I even going the right way? Its far fom virgin, however, Walkers on the trail past Hanson's Peak have engraved a relatively clean path on the bushy terrain, I was tempted to use it myself, but only for a moment, The temptation of attempting to reach the Peak itself was too powerful. It would take some serious limbing, but the sun was stil high, and the potential reward for bothering to unpack my climbing gear far 100 great to ignore. 1 could teste the isolation inthe air, The Tasmanian wind having drifted thousands of miles across the Indian Ocean, isthe purest on the planet. Alpine lakes littered like dark pearls in the sun, Mountain ridges continued into the horizon, row after row, ad infinitum. G — Lwasn't sure if this was a recommendation or a warning In Australia's enormous island state, solitary bushwalkers sill oceasionally disappear never to be seen again. The farmer was talking about Cradle Mountain-Lake, St Clair National Park, more than 1,200 square km of mountain wildemness on the rim of Tasmania's SaVag@ central highlands. I resolved to go. But there, wild mountain vistas are broken at every turn by delicate natural set pieces. All around me the gnarled tushes were like bonsai; the granite around them plistened almost white, as if sandblasted clean. And not ‘soul insight U STRATEGY POINT Quickly read through the gapped text to get a general idea (of whatitis about. + Read through the gapped text again, focusing on one gap at a time. Look carefully at the paragraphs that come before and after each gap. + Read the jumbled paragraphs. Ty to find the one that fits the gap. Look for discourse markers (reference words, time ‘words, linkers) as well as for general cohesion and + When you decide on @ paragraph, quickly read the part of the text from the paragraph before it to the end of the paragraph afte it to check that it its + You can always move on and return to a gap later “+e prepared to change your answers if necessary + Remember that there is one paragraph that will not fit in the tert ata Look at the text again, Underline the parts of the ‘text that helped you decide on the missing paragraphs. Then compare with a partner. © Vocabulary Practice 3 _& Explain the highlighted words in the text. b. What are the highlighted words used to describe in the text? In pairs, decide what else they can be used to describe. Choose from the following. + dog * summer day « landscape hillside ‘news * floor © afternoon * feet D Text analysis a. What does the writer mean by the underlined phrases in the text? Discuss in pairs. b.. Find at least five words or phrases in the passage connected with the idea of being alone. © Discussion Would you enjoy such a holiday? Why/Why not? Discuss in pars b. Read again and act out dialogues between ot * thet writer and the park ranger. other hikers. In pairs, make a brochure advertising Tasmania. Present tenses BE 3. @ Lookat the headines in pairs, make sentences using present Grammar Reference tenses that could form part of 41 @ Read the following and comment on the use of the present the text of the article that tenses in the underlined parts. One has been done for you. follows each headline. BETTER ‘SPORTS FACILITIES! 1 think Jason i in the garden. He i bulding a shea. 1 Present continuous because the actian is taking place at the time the sentence — = 2 Steve jogs around the lake every evening Things oe improving fo sports fas The 3 In northwest Scotland summer temperatures arly re above 16°C ‘rumba of baseball coursin the cy has 4. The vilainjumas from behind the curtain and attacks Bond with a oubledin the pas yea andthe swimming ae pool are under constuction. 5. mmeeting Me Houghton asx o'clock 6 His fant takes off at 11.45, 7 You're always complaining! 8 Tourism sincieasng inthis area, 9 He has us finshed work on his new book 10 | have been to America twice 11 Her eyes are red because she's been crying 12 She's been studying non-stop for eight hous, b. Write three sentences talking about irritating habits of people you know. © Write three sentences about things which are changing in your TEL STANDA\ % ear UNDER INVESTIGATION. 2. With which tenses are the following time expressions normally used? = Categorise them, then make sentences to show their function, (Some time expressions are used with more than one tense.) + wsally © at present » nowadays * every other week » already «since * how long » lately «so far « regularly # for ® just © right now Present Simple Present Continuous usualy Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Purdy eee ene rest of the class should decide Fran usuolly goes to work by bus. the type of publication your sentences belong to, 4 Complete the chart to show the difference in meaning when the verbs in bold are used in their stative and continuous forms. “Stative Continuous © | lexpecteveryoneto comply with these ues. ‘Maria is expecting twins. I'm having a wonderful time! The vet was feeling the dog's stomach for any lumps: The chef is tasting the soup. I'm seeing my lawyer tomorrow. Can you keep the noise down? I'm thinking! 38 English in Use -Part2 5 Fill the gaps with one word. There is an example, ey STRATEGY POINT Part2 of CAE Paper 3 focuses on sentence structure. The words you need to filin can be articles, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, ‘mods, participles, pronouns, relative pronouns, question words and other structural items (e.g. 50, too, more, et) ‘© Read through the text quickly, ignoring the gaps, to get a general ikea of what its about. ‘+ Read thoroughly. Look at the words, structures, expressions and punctuation on either side of each gap and try to guess the missing item, * When finished, read through the text again and look for any items that don't fit. They wil be easy to correct once most of the text is complete he Value of Siee& Our ultimate escape 0) from whatever life has ‘These periods of unconsciousness and dreams are thrown 1) _ us during our essential 7). our health and waking day is sleep. Nature’s healer well-being but an increasing number lowers our eyelids and covers us of people today suffer - the 8). aan inability blanket of to enjoy this necessary form unconsciousness. Every of escape. Insomnia affects night we are given a aa high proportion of us and period in 3) this frustrating, debilitating our bodies and minds malady 9) .. can recuperate and prepare us for the trials ds demands of the following day, As we all know, our subconscious controls)... . quiet periods, taking our minds on journeys consisting of events and half- have dire results. ‘The insomniac wades 10) his waking hours ina fog. Creative thought can 1) deadened, reflexes slowed and sensations dimmed. If 12) inability to sleep lasts for more than a week Femembered thoughts from our conscious hours. two, what is known Our journeys 6) usually fragmented 14). chronic insomnia sets in, patterns of sensations and pictures, sometimes pleasant, sometimes causing severe depression and leaving the sometimes harrowing. sufferer unable 15) cope with daly life. © Dependent Prepositions 6 2. Look again at the text in Ex. 5 and find verbs which are used with dependent prepositions. Underline the verbs. and their prepositions (e9. cover with). b. Fill in the gaps using in, for, from, to, on, of, with or over. 1 to have confidence sth; 2 to blame someone sth; 3 to deoend someone; 4 to convince someone sth; 5 to be critical someone; 6 to puzzle sth; to plead someone; 8 tobe allergic sth; 9 to citcise someone sth, 10 to base sth sth; 11 to take pride sth; 12 to arrest, someone sth; 13 to confide someone c_Now make sentences with six of the items above to show their meaning, 39 English in Use - Part 3 7 _!n most lines ofthe folowing text there is one spelling or punctuation mistake. Find the mistakes and correct them, ‘Write the correct word in the space provided. Ifa line contains no mistakes, puta tick (V) in the space next to it STRATEGY POINT This partisan error cortection exercise, This can be a task where « Also watch out for the following punctuation errors: Yyou have to identify unnecessary words or on ere you haveto —- — proper nouns written using lower-case letters correct speling and punctuation mistakes, ‘© the british Fi institute, newcastle British, Newucaste) * Some peng mistakes you might come across relisted below. — missing or unnecessary commas, eg. Michael whois {the correct speling of the wards is given in brackets) ‘adoctris 46 yeors old (doctor, s) ncorrect plurals, eg. dficutysjourneies(dfculties, journeys) and Most British people whe have tired abroad. say ~ incorrect addition of suffix, e.. hoppymess esyly(happiness, they ore happy with their lives. (abroad say) easily) = missing, unn sary Or misplaced apostrophes, e.g, tsupto _youto decide. (t's) and The museum is famous forts collection Oofrare ancient artifacts ts) and The childrens’ toys children’) incorrect punctuation in direct speech, e.g. "Here isthe misspelt participles, e.g layed, heared (ai, heard) single instead of double or double instead of single Consonants, 9. surance assurance), useful useful) . ~ missing silent vowels, e.g. racy literacy) ‘money’ he soi. (money he) ~ misspelt suffix, e.g independance (independence) = Unnecessary or missing question mark, e.g. “know where feversed vowels, e.g. wld acheive (weird, achieve) shels?(s) ~ wrong choice of homophone e.g. There/Their (NB. See Grammar Reference for details on punctuation rules) The need to watch escapist movies has i's origin in childhood. Children's worlds ar filed with the imaginty places which are 0 imaginary found in faiy stores and children’s fiction. These are places where 0 vw ‘menacing giants rule, princeses ensnare their princes, fying horses 1 ttaverse the skies and talking animals inhabit unspoiled woods by 2 sparkling streams. Through fiction, adolescants learn to face the 3 realities of schoo! ife including the pressure of exams. However, 4 ven in adulthood theres stil the yearning to escape into other 5 6 7 8 Worlds, The characters have changed? The princes have became film idols, the fying horses high performence sports cas, taking animals futuristic androids and the woods and streams alan urban Constructions with backgrounds off incessant noise. As people 9 ate locked in the bordom of dally routine, the vsion of adventure which the blockbuster movie can bring is vital to many, For the Tomantic, the hero inevatily finds his soul mate; forthe curious, the 12 ‘etectve will uncover the villain. Whatever, the attractions ofthe 13 “4 hood inocence when all things were possible and gmnicism 15 had not yet touched the rainbow: of our imagination and emotions. 16 alterative words, its evident that thers a strong link to that 8 2. Five out of the ten words in the following group b. Six out of the eight words in the following are misspelt. Find them and correct them. ‘group are misspelt. Find them and correct them. 1 asistence 6 reference 1 wierd 5 concieve 2. disappearan 7 turbulence 2 achieve 6 reve 3 persistence 8 dstutbance 3 receive 7 reueve 4 preferance 9 resistance 4 deceve 8 see 5 40 deiverence 10 insistance English in Use - Part 6 For questions 1-6, read the following text and choose from the list (A-) given below the best phrase to fill each gap. There are three phrases ‘which do not fit in any gap. There is an example (0) STRATEGY POINT ‘+ Read the title for a general idea of what the text wall be about + Read through the text once, ignoring the gaps, to get an idea of the content of each paragraph ‘© Make sure the meaning of the phrase you choose fits into the sentence and the tert as a whole. ‘Check that the phrase you choose fits grammatically wal travel is fun ‘00. of ime comes from Einstein's theories of ‘tase 7 oa, ton pope tat be eed two eves 4)... moving. Crucial, two ‘experience different durations | ovo but when she fetus and steps out of the peship, she finds that 10 years have elapsed on Earth. “snow than she is Saly. and ‘are no longer the same age depends on how the observer are stil the same set of twins isa key part of attempts to construct is essential when any sort of right be, say, one year has been part recreational was considerably fongee ‘was widely regarded as absolute and Universal has become something of an industry fi Use -Part4 lish in 10 Read the two texts that follow. Use the words in the boxes below each text to form words that fit in the numbered spaces in the text. There is an example (0) STRATEGY POINT Consider the folowing © What part of speech is missing from each oap? ‘© Is the word inthe singular or inthe plural? + sit posite or negative (in the latter case, it might need 2 prefs like DIS- or UN-)? Holidays for all Workers Millions of freelance and short-term contract workers won the right 100) paid holidays yesterday in a groundbreaking ruling from the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. The courts 1) cnn Wl force the government to change laws that regulate how much holiday workers are 2) 10 The judges sald the UK had 3) _ implemented an old EU directive when it gave aright to holidays only after 13 weeks’ 4) employment with the same employer The5) had excluded milions of freelance and contract employees, including teachers, eaners and media workers. Stephen Cavalier, head of employment rights at the trade union law firm Thompsons, said the government, should act 6 to change the fa. As long a it remained 2. cous otkers Who were denied holidays could ation from the government. claim compenst 6 PROMPT 7 CHANGE 3. WRONG 4 CONTINUE 5_RESTRICT 0 PAY 1 JUDGE 2 me To all colleagues: This is the formal 8) cof our company’s ‘Christmas party which will take placa on Wednesday, December 16, 6pm. | am pleased to inform everyone that the party is free for all 9) .. The 10) See Some weeks ago, iMcluded SevERal M) nnannnnsnmmins 1OF possible venues; we have decided that the MOst 12) nnn vm place would be the Regent restaurant in Bridge Street, Because of its proximity to our premises as well as its 9) ee ‘The management regrets that it cannot bear the expense of 18) onmnmeeninnnns QUESIS, if you wish to bring friends or family, you wil need to purchase ORY 15) nam ‘These ate avaliable from our HA department at the cost of £25 each 11 SUGGEST 12 SUIT 13_ EXCEPTION 14 ADD 150 INVITE, 8 ANNOUNCE 9 EMPLOY 10 PROPOSE Mem —? a 42 Writing: rR —S SS (A Reviews are usually written for newspapers, magazines, Dewslettets, etc, and their style (formal or semi-formal) ‘depends on how serious the publication is. The purpose of a Feview is to give your opinion about a book/flnvplay/CDvet ‘You might be asked to do a combination of the following describe (eg. the characters ina py the songs an @ CD, the syle of writing eth narrate (eg the plot ofa frmbook etl explain (e.g, why you thinkthe boot/play was (not successful compare (e.g. two characters flmswo CDs/tc A review should contain ‘An introduction in which you give the main details (eg. names of film/book, writer/director, main stars/ characte, etc. + A main body which focuses on the details requested by the rubric (e.g. description, narration, nals, etc * A conclusion which can contain a summary of the main body andior a positive/negative opinion, The conclusion Lsvally contains a recommendation Present tenses are usually used for reviews (eg, The action takes place in a small cottage inthe county). Past tenses can be used if you are writing a personal account cof a performance you have attended, etc leg, We arived ust ‘before the curtain went up but it was obvious thatthe audience were lready restless thought thefrstact was spectacular) Past tenses are also used to describe the making of a CD/witing of a book/setting up of an exhibitionlet. fe. The ‘band spent six months nthe studio before they wer satisfied with these remixes) D Vocabuiary 41 foreach of the sentences below, circle the words/phrases which could be used to fil in the gaps. Then suggest how you would use the words/phrases you have not circled. 1. Itis definitely one of the most ghost stories | have ever * competing + humourless « ching « spinectinging + entertaining 2 Most cites agree that this play is *underated + wellreceied » slow-moving ‘= depressing * hilarious 3° When listening to this CD, one of the things that instantly grabs your attention is the music * moving * rousing sting haunting * unimaginative 4 fyou get the chance, go; you are unlikely to see a more film this year. + thought-provoking + overcompiicated « spectacular * marvellous « action-packed When writing reviews, you need to use a variety of ‘adjectives (eg. a marvelous performance, an interesting pt, et) To add emphasis, you can use adverbs such as extremely, completely, absolutely etc absolutely marvellous) Some adverbs (eg. realy) collocate with both gradable and on-gradable adjectives Since not al adverbs and adjectives collocate, you should be careful to avoid mistakes such as exvemalpbreathtaling-totely — (eg. The performance was Study the table and the examples given below. ‘Adverbs | Adjectives | Adverbs | Adjectives incredibly | enjoyable | absolutely loreathtaking extremely | moving | totally | magnificent lexceptionally | convincing | completely | ridiculous This isan exceptionally enjoyable fim with an incredibly moving story and absolutely breathtaking scenery. 2. Check that you know the meaning of the adjectives below. Then make sentences using appropriate adverbs, as in the examples. aed Pots, (asa Plays 5 character(s) shallow, unconvincing, likeable, convincing, believable plot ‘avercomplicated, predictable, absorbing, gripping, riveting special effects ‘cheap; laughable, stunning, staggering, astounding photography Poor, amateurish, breathtaking, incredible, impressive J performancels) wooden, appalling, natural, powerful, spectacular writing / script ‘contrived, confusing, realistic, thought-provoking, compelling (One ofthe prablems with this film is that the main character ‘sextremely shallow and unconvincing. The plot, however, is absolutely riveting 3. @ Read the short extract from a film review, below. Then replace the underlined sections with other Positive adjectives from the table on p. 42. Siace cae special effects absolutely stunning, but there is some Sera cig 2 we. Tre man aac erg, ‘believable, and Vivian Farlough (who plays Copeland) is prrtclry powerful, due in part to the extremely refstlc 7 we pot ence, | fond am | ‘absorbing, especially when, halfway through the film, the ction sits fo Nort rca and te storvine becomes ven weengnin kaart ro mento 5 b. Now make the review negative by replacing the underlined expressions with negative adjectives from the table, Begin like ths: Thisis definitly fim to avoid: not only are A, Read the extract from a negative review below and replace the underlined adjectives with others from the table to make the review more positive. As far as the individual tracks are concemed, most ofthem are very weak. The CD opens with their best-known song, Down Low, which is an extremely unimaginative »lece of work. In my opinion, the use of violins inthis piece ig completely over-the-top. As for the lyrics, well, there aro four verses of awfil poetry and one of the most clichéd choruses | ‘ave ever hoard. Most ofthe other tracks are equally dull, ith the possible exception of - songs/ tracks outstanding, impfessve, remarkable, we music ‘SUmulatng, moving, nventie, overinetop, unimaginative Thoughiepravokng, prooune meaningh, cliched, awful D Brainstorming 5a. Think of a book that you have read. In the box below, fill in the relevant information in note form, “Introduction Main details [eg tite; name of writer type of book ete) ‘Main Body i ‘What the book is about fe. murder how to build Ate; ee) Good/bad features of the book (eg. ste iustrations ete) Conclusion ‘Overall recommendation (e.. worth er buying unless.) idingit../natworth b. Now use your notes to complete as many of the following sentences as possible. (One of the best things about this book is the way The main theme ofthis book is Reading this book, you cannot fail to The writing is, for the most part I were to have one criticism of the book, it would be that 6 The book leaves you feeling 7. manages to successfully combine 8 After the first few pages, you fee! 9 After reading this, you will 10 Allin all, this book is ‘When wil your new play be ready? “I don't know. My litle son burnt the manuscript “What? Can the lle fellow read already? 43 D Understanding the Rubric ‘a. Read the rubric below, underline the key words and answer the On a recent visit to the US, | was lucky enough to catch a performance of Eduardo de Filippo’s ‘Saturday, Sunday, You have been asked to write a Monday’, at the Angus Bowmer Theatre in Ashland, fevew fof 8 Teuuave ‘alned at Oregon. This comedy, 1) was writen students of Englsh, of a fin or a in ttalian but has been translated into English, Fas eyo rele sean ane eh provides a valuable insight into the life of an Italian family The play is set in the family home of Rosa, 2) is the mother, and the events take place over a Sin some way related to life your country tur tenev heukisovhenidhe tin weekend, 3) the action based either in the or play portrays aspects of your kitchen or around the dining table. As the plot evolves, we Gti annlathallencar ete learn about the things that matter to a group of ordinary but thought the portrayal was accurate Nery diverse characters, 4) is striking about this production is the You should write approximately 250 way the script makes us feel that we are actually present at a words traditional family gathering, The use of a real cooker on the set fils the theatre with the unmistakeable smells of Htaian Plot /Themne cooking. 5) somehow intensifies the 1 6ee tie Tae ere on 18 gee ‘experience as you begin to sense the atmosphere from the sina ctienee moment you enter the theatre. | would say that the portrayal of the details o Italian home Ife was extremely realistic. The importance of family meals ‘comes across clearly, 6) does the fact that Italian people are hospitable ~ traditions which we, as a 2. Should you write about the whale hat filmpiay oF just those: aspects relate to your countsy? Cast / Acting ration, hold very dear. The everyday problems of 3. sit important to remember al of the relationships are 7) ... brought into focus in a names? way which is totally believable. 4 Would it matter if you did not include | would thoroughly recommend this play 8) any comment about the acting? anyone, regardless of their nationality. If nothing else, it will REP ona) prepare you for what to expect if you ever visit Italy! 5. Which aspects of your country’s culture could be portrayed? 6 Inwhat ways could a countrys culture bbe portrayed ina film or play? siperhanae bb. 1 Find examples of; present tenses; past tenses; a future tense. Why have 7. How formal should your writing be? as ee eae cee 2 Find words or phrases in the model which mean the same a5 the following: in: Real the tele and heck managed to see; helps people understand (para 1) ssi Renee were cones develops; cifferent (para 2) impresses oon as (pr 3) inmy opinion; re proud of oar 4) SD Analysing the Model 3 The aevdogt phasis eae bee toi rom tha: cel) nthe sents by describing a fn ora pay you have seen Then sungest 7 2 Read the model and fillin the alternative phrases foreach sentence gaps with the words given ~The fips in Then, answer the questions that The evens tate lace follow, = The action based As the pot evohes ‘which * with © this #40 « what = ference sao # who + as woul ay If nothing ese Ss Paragraph Planning BEGINNINGS , + With the 1) of his latest fim, the director Complete the paragraph plan below by fling in ee your own notes. How could you have written © When tis play2) ike wee this model differently? ‘© The book, 3) last year, is a novel which + Ths CD, which is the result of a 4) pecuaion between two great recording arts, Paragraph Two ioeprindinhcscaaes ail —— Paragraph Three ENDINGS Paragraph Four eae + Thisisa fim which i well worth 5) «ifonly + Iwould unreservedly 6) + your) with this book, 4) Recommending + Ingpite of al the media 8) this co en ee | b. Suggest an alternative beginning and ending for + Iwould abvise aryone to (see / watch fgot0/ ec) the model + Thisis (fim / book / pay / etc) that you should not miss. * If you have the chance, make sure you (ee / watch J © Error Correction goto /eto * Ifyou any (se one fim /buy one CD / etc) this year, this AiG Tha Tons cities eas tne ibid es mistakes. Correct the mistakes and say what kind *This(film / book / pay etd) is well worth sing it sulla Arana CE aeectinacienn te tc * | would thoroughly recommend (name of fim / book / following defnitions phy fet) Ee ttis ees * unnecessary word * omitted word * speling + ame of film book / play / et) is not worth (Sing / “Sasse vibe 's gernd nf a ea * wrong preposition * wrong choice of word ce eae iieatae + wrong linker * punctuation # wrong tense * Unfortunately this (film / book / pay / ete) als to live up tompectatons. ls ‘Shadowlands’ is the true story of the love affair between CS. Lewis, the writer and Joy Gresham, an American poet. 1) Joy 8 Think of a film and a book that a) you really enjoyed; jj ited Lewes in Oxford and falls in ove with the crusty old man, He, b) you did not like. Then, using the expressions however, 2) denies to accent that he has also fallen in love, above, as well as information of your own, write although he does enter into 4 marriage af convenience in order to your recommendations, as in the example. Compare enable her to 3) stay to Enoland. Events take a dramatic turn when your recommendations with a partner. itis discovered that Joy has cancer. Lewis 4 forces to confront his feelings and marries her forthe second time in a moving bedside Dynamite Alley'is not worth seeing unless you are a great ‘ceremony. There follows a period of two years, during which Joy's fon of special effects. Even then, you have to be very ‘cancer is in remission and the two are bissfully happy. This deccated to sit through such afong fim happiness 5) tragicaly cut short 6) wile Joy finaly succumbs t| her illness ae leaving Lewis to pick up the pieces of his life. = Beginnings and Endings 9 a Look at the words below, taken from the beginnings and endings of reviews, and use them to fill n the gaps in the phrases. Then suggest ways of extending each phrase into a complete sentence. ‘beautiful photography gives us an authentic jimpse ii i collaboration * persevere * release EEE oie Wie Wie 10) Cada recommend * published * hype * seeing pee * opened 45 SD sie 11 a Read the extracts below and say: ‘+ what is being reviewed ‘+ what kind of publication the review might appear in * which tenses are used and why ee a eee ‘A. There's nothing quite like ‘Chocks Away’. Designed tosixplayers it will keep you amused fr hours. t's not only alt of fun but its good value for money too ~an ideal git ‘for any teenager. Buy it B One of the best bits ts was the traditional dence erformed. 2 lal group Of xara the contanes nee bs that helped a tot with the overall look. The other ring that helped us really enjoy it was that we'd ood Bad fo et our hands on a programm That was use we knew ht time eet announcements were terrible!) Te C Taseflly decorated, convenient located, and with a wide range Of courses to suit all occasions, this is the perfect meting place safer & hard days work. On our arrival, we were quickly and courteous shown © our table, where we were seed with complimentary appetisers: Despite he fact that it wus exceptionally busy the service thoughout was unfingly prompt and aitentve. 1D Based on the ttcaly acclaimed couse book by John Sweeney, ‘Learn Engish Fast is row avaiable as a set of four CD-ROMs. The computer version retains afl the Key features of the origin, 2s well as having the ated advantage of being very clearly presented, a factor which is ‘0 frequently overlooked by other producers in the vast field of computer-based educational materia b. Look back at the extracts and find examples of: sophisticated vocabulary * simple vocabulary/contractions « the passive voice * direct address ‘© formal linking devices simple linking devices complex sentence structure simple sentence structure Choose two of the extracts in Ex. 11a above and re-write them in a different style 46 Discuss. yy EA 412. Read the rubrics below and, for each one, answer ‘the questions that follow. A © You are 2 regular reader of ‘Cinema Weekly, 3 magazine for film fans. The announcement below ‘was induded in a recent issue and you have decided to.send in a review ofa film you have seen, Read the announcement, together with the notes you have made. Then use this information to write your review, The Great Escape When was the last time you watched a film that made you forget, even momentarily, where you were? The cinema means different things to different people but, for most of us, there is a degree of escapism involved in going to see a film, Now we are planning a feature entitled ‘The Great Escape’, and we want to hear what you think, ‘Send ina review ofa film that you have seen — one which you | have found to be & good example of how the cinema can provide escapism from everyday life A selection of readers reviews will be published, Things to include in the review Name of film v Thoughts on escapism and films PloU/cheracters/actingspecialeffects/direction/scenery (decide which ones to mention) 7 B © Your college newsletter regularly publishes book reviews which have been written by students. write a review of 2 book you have read, giving a brief outline of what the book was about and giving reasons why you think your felow students would benefit from reading it © © A music magazine which you read regulary is planning a feature called ‘100 Classic Albums Readers have been asked to send in review of ther favourite CD, saying why they think it deserves tobe called a dassic. What do you have to review? Who is the target reader? How formal does your wit need tobe? ‘What information should you include in the introduction? ‘will your review be largely Favourable or unfavourable? ‘Which aspects do you need to cover in the main body? How will you conclude the review? 413. Using the information you have learned in this unit, write one of the reviews you discussed above. You should write about 250 words. Self-Assessment Module 1 Vocabulary & Grammar 1 2 Choose the most suitable word to complete each sentence, 1. Despite the many A extended © external B extracted D extravagant The total of nuclear weapons. would hopefully give the world something to celebrate, A extermination C lipsis B elimination D exception The cof hard werk bringing positive results is ‘perhaps out of favour now in the modern world ‘A abstract B opinion C concept D belief verconfidence due to overnight success can take Us quickly down that road to falture A sticky © oily B slippery D sithery Company headquarters are stuated in the heart ofthe city A ditect —B exact — precise D right He more and more experience until he finally reached the top of his profession, ‘A achieved B gained C earned won The preparations for the Olympic Games are on according to the committee in charge. A 0a! © progress B target D aim Following years of intense training, the accomplished athlete the medal triumphantly. A took off C ren off 8 went off D carried off. Having worked his fingers to the for many years, he eventually saw the fit of his hard work at the age of iy And B edge € bone Dail Once she had achieved the success she desired, she it easy for a decided that it was time to while A take B make Chae —D do ‘way up in the There was a wonderful ski mountains, suitable for the whole family A lodge pension B hostel D house The lucky survivors of the ffeak storm related their tale to the eager journalists, A challenging grueling B harrowing D saddening distractions she had to ‘overcome, she achieved the success she deserved The heat of the summer sun had caused the area to ‘atch fie, leaving behind only... smouldering tree trun. A blackened © deadly B smoky D died She was {an array of questions during the interview. ‘A put up with 8 put forward D put through The boss was with the new employee over tis qualifications and ability to perform his job well. A ata loose end atodds B ata loss D ata standstil put over (15 marks) Fill the gaps using the gerund or the infinitive of ‘the verbs in brackets. 1 We cant really afford (G0) ‘on holiday this year. I hate (waste) time on paperwork ‘She said she didn't really fancy (G0) to the cinema [like my new job, but realy miss (be) able to relax on Sundays | don't remember her (mention) any business tip. Use of English Use the words in capitals to form a word that completes the sentence, He did not give his opinion, saying that JUDGE he didn’t want to pass After being accused © WRONG of theft, he sued the police for £50,000. There are no : RESTRICT ‘on the number of people each member ‘an bring along, The weather is very CHANGE in this part of the country; one minute its sunny, the next its suddenly snowing, He has been for EMPLOY several months now, and he is beginning to ose heart Ifyou need mp information, please talk to the librarian, RTS ryt lala (ole 01 a 15 100 people attended. Invite made the delegates trust. GOVERN ait for his signal before COMMAND burning building by in her arms with a smile CONTENT " he office will be punished witha fin civ. Reading You will read an article about a person who changed his life for the better. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A,B, Cor). My name is Carl. Iwasa cop for twenty years. When ‘Twas forty my daughter lefihome and then two years later ‘my son moved out. Then I got to see that I didn't have ‘much of a relationship with my wife because I had spent all the years of my marriage working and not really Participating in family life. With the kids gone we didn't hhave much to say 10 each other. After a couple more ‘ears, my wife decided to leave and all had was my job The next year, at 46, Lhad my twenty years in and had to retire. I got to know what lonely meant very quickly. {still dom’ have much contact with my son, bur my daughter ‘and her kids keep me going .. but somewhere along the line 1 figure I've missed something, and La sure like to find out what its. Vd like to know that my life is worth fiving." My friend, Carl, was caught in a story of uselessness. When he no longer had the one thing that he had learned to identify himself with, he lost his place in the story —he lost his self-identity. He decided that if he was going to survive he would have to change his story. It really wasn'ta difficult thing for him to do, ‘Carl was 50 miserable that literally any life would have been better than his. As it turned out, like so many of us, what Carl needed was simply to be heard. As he listened to himself tell his story he began to see things that he had not seen before, things that he could change. $o, that's what he did. He changed his perspective, and in so doing, changed his life. 1 team despite my assurances. scepnic 13. Hisstrong alibi led to his ELIMINATE 4 90) ADVENTURE 5 ery hard, but the GRATIFY (Smarts) Carl began to look at what he had accomplished in his career rather than the negatives that had so depressed him, He began referring to himself as an ex- police officer rather than an ex-cop. He joined a health lub and became intent upon regaining a healthy body and then became a volunteer trainer at the club specialising in helping senior citizens plan exercise programmes. He went back to college and earned certificate in nutrition. Within three years he had hapa sry i ie, iat Ven I last spoke to Carl he had met a delightful and creative woman, was working hard at re- establishing contact with his son and couldn't get enough of his grandchildren with whom he had created ‘ powertul bond, His life, he told me, was sweet. It was, he confided, very worth living. What Carl made me realise was that, firstly, I was not happy in my chosen vocation, and secondly, that there's a little bit of Carlin every one of us, whether wwe are a police officer, salesman, or therapist. We can all change and grow in a specific direction, become better, different, whoever we want to become if we are willing to change our story. So, Carl, wherever you are, thanks for helping me make my life worth living. Editor's Note: Tiss the third inthe ‘Transitions’ series dealing wit the lives of everday people ~a series of shont stories relevant to almost all of us in one way or another. They come from people whose stories touch us and give us important insights into our growth and happiness. — Successful Transitions - One Man's Story —— 30 45 0 1 Cat's mariage faled because 4 Catljined the gym a AA he and his wife cid't speak ‘A meet peopl B he andhiscicen fel o B change his carer. © hisjob kept him away rom home. © get in shape. _ hiswife dnt ike his job D_ help the elder 2 Cat could only define himsel in 5 arte, we r relation to is ‘A marriage. occupation changed his B son D daughter. 8 hasa stronger ap 3 Calis ke the large majority of peog cr inthat Soi a A hewasvery unhappy. bal B his children left the family ho eine € he eed to wie his protons paca] Panta cease ie Listening 4 \,.)You will hear a radio interview with a man who ‘ured his depression through sky-diving, For questions 1-8, fill in the missing information using 13 words. During a tandem jump, an inexperienced skydiver makes the jump [ Mike suffered from depression for [2 He was diagnosed at the age of Mike believe his 21st birthday present was ia Mike say that, as he was about to fe Jump for the fst time, he During the dive, Mike felt happy and A 8 7 ‘occupation preciation for his B ith Carl c hanged in his D Speaking 6 For what purposes did ti etext? to make himself and others happy 10 show gratitude and offer hope 10 instruct and give thanks ine whete this artic who have retired, people from all walks of life Look at the photographs below. Compare and Contrast two or three of them, saying what kind of ‘escape’ is portrayed in each one and who you think might be feeling the most relaxed. You have about one minute to do this. He ays its posible that the [7 the |ump was what pushed him to snap out of his depression Mike says that sky-divng is not a certain [& depression (8 marks) Self-Assessment Module 1 family difficulties. @2tmarls) Self-Assessment Module 1 Now look at two pictures which show types of Writing success. Compare and contrast the pictures, saying what each type of success means to the person in the picture You are a restaurant critic fora leading entertainment guide called A Night on the Town. Your editor has recently read an article about the grand opening of a new 5-star restaurant in the city centre. Your editor has asked you to write a review of the restaurant for next week's edition of the magazine iving your opinion and recommendation. Read the poster below and the newspaper article, ‘to which you have added your comments. Then, Using the information carefully, write your review. Vincenzo‘ Sicily Comes to Covent Garden! rican ‘Close your eyes for a moment and picture this: romantic strains of live Italian music \ 2 wonderful aroma of mixed G d ’ I spices, oven-fresh bread and rand Opening! mystetious auces tart your mouth watering in hungry The finest in Italian cuisine prepared ee from the soft light of a dozen scented candles you can see artistically painted scenes of Sicily Proprietor, Salvatore Telli, covering the walls is proud to extend to you a warm invitation Only when you open your {o the restaurant's opening on Dec. 17th. Bie Ga ves elegy 15%, 0. Bi jou have not been magicall Come enjoy the sounds and tastes of aly (is ae po ray in an atmosphere which cannot be compared. South, and, yes, you are still in Covent Garden in the middle of London. Welcome to Vincenzo’! Despite opening its doors only a few short weeks ago, Vincenzo's, with its excellent ‘menu, has managed to attract lie yndon fe in I cheam of Every dish is served quickly and_efficently, and the food quality is second to none. Come to Vincenzo’s! The real Sicilian experience in the heart Now, in approximately 250 words, write your review. (20 marks) (otal = 100 marks) People Power Growing Concerns Dore lad E What isthe first thing you think about when you hear the words ‘family’ and ‘friends’? ‘© What, in your opinion, is the most serious problem the world is facing today? Li oa] “ Em = = | part ad and talk al Maric: ‘© reports and proposals © the past tenses = ‘would! for past events the passive voice causative forms Lead- in What relationships are shown in the pictures? How important are they? What other relationships are important to us? What kind of influence do these people have on us? (Qj) Usten to four people talking about influences in their lives. For each of the statements, write (A) for Alan, (E) for Eve, (M) for Martha or (Hi for Helen. This person influenced the way | dressed. This person influenced the way | treat people This person understands me when others can't This person made me believe in myself b. Has anyone influenced the way you think about the following? How? Tell your partner. * moral values © behaviour towards others * self-confidence ‘appearance * career choice ‘* musical taste hobbies / interests How can the following factors influence us? Discuss in pairs theres x. books — work / Influence 7 tre weather Zo sei rested} travel feeling tired 3. @ Apersonal profile, Put a dot on each bar according to your Personality. Then tell the class about your profile; give ‘examples to illustrate your qualities, and say which aspects you would like to change. SVE Se) stim submissive confident insecure impatient tt TIEN ett UNC TY CaUtIOUS SEE SS EEEEEEEESEEEEeeed te quarrelsome conciliatory considerate unfeeling compliant obstinate ‘1am normaly quite an assertive person, as long as know that what | want to dois the right thing, Sometimes, however especially if the other person is ‘aggressive, Ican be made to fee! more submissive. 'b. Theideal friend. Now put a square on each bar to make the Profile of the person who would be the ideal friend. Discuss your profile with a partner, ‘A: don't want my friend to be over assertive, but dontt want him tobe submissive either. B Jagree.veplaced him right in the middle ofthe bar 4, Paraphrase the quotations below. Which one do you agree with? Why? Discuss in pairs. ‘Friendship is a pretty full-time occupation if you really are {riendly with somebody. ‘Truman Capote (American author) “The greatest sweetener of human life is friendship’ Joseph Addison (British essayist) 53 Generations - 54 — Reading -Part3 1 a. You will read an article about the 4grandparent/grandchild relationship. Before reading, discuss the following in pairs. ‘What can be gained from a grandparentigrandchild relationship? Are there any negative factors? ‘+ How can the relationship with grandparents differ from that with parents? b. Look at the title of the article. What question do you think it poses about grandparents? . The following phrases appear in the article. How do you think they might be related to the role of grandparents today? Discuss in pairs, then read the article quickly to see if you were right. * cheap nannying + cherished memory + unconditional lave low self-esteem + pressure of time +» extended farmiies + family squabbles d, Read the text more carefully. For questions 1 ~ 6, choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) 1. When she was about forty, the writer ‘A. became a grandparent B_ was planning to travel was annoyed by her Family. D_ regretted not having grandchileren 2 The writer thinks that grandparents are particularly important because A. they ensure children get better teatment B_ they teach children about the past. they provide children with financial support. they oie children a sense of belonging, 3. According to the write, Alan and Angela benefited from ‘A. understanding the reasons for thelr parents’ behaviour. B_ realising how important they were to their grandparents: © remembering thet grandparents’ attitude to them, finding out why they were lacking in confidence 4 How did the woman whose grandchildren were in Australia feel? ‘A. She knew that visting would be dificult for both sides of the family B She blamed her son for not making enough effort to see her. © _Shewas happy that her family had been so successful D She preferred not ta see them requlany Apart? Psychotherapist Gael Lindenfield examines the role of grandparents today. No one warmed me that in my early 40s, 1 would start cooing longingly into prams. I was totally unprepared to meet this new aspect of myself. My own nest had just emptied and T was eagerly filling the ‘vacuum’ with innumerable career and globe-trotting adventures. Admittedly the master vision for the rest of my life did include a few happy granny and grandpa scenes, but they were more distant and more a family joke than a serious prediction. So this strange primitive urge to extend my family into another generation was both perplexing and even little irritating. When the right time came, I had, of course, every intention of becoming a conscientious, involved grandparent. But that was more about doing the right thing for the children than fulfilling a deep instnetive need of my own. As ' psychotherapist, am hyper-aware of how life-transforming a good relationship with a grandparent can be. It offers so ‘much mote than treats, extra quality time and cheap nannying. Good grandparents help build psychological security by making their grandchildren feel part of a much wider, diverse and stable supportive family network. They also give them a sense of their place in history and evolution tnd give their life a meaningful sense of perspective. Even when we reach adulthood, our psychological health can be affected by the relationship that we may or may not have had with our grandparents. I frequently work with people who have (to put it mildly!) a less than perfect relationship with their own parents, Many times I have been able to help people heal emotionally by simply reawakening a cherished memory of @ much happier and mote ‘unconditionally loving relationship with a grandparent. Alan was, in his own words, ‘a hopeless case of worksholism’. He still felt driven by trying to please his, ambitious, perfectionist father. But, fortunately, I discovered that he had also received a much more unconditional kind of Jove from his calmer, happier and affectionate grandfather. Putting a photo of his grandad on his desk helped Atan keep his promise o himself to maintain better balance in his life. Similarly, another client, Angela, had very low self esteem. We found that by just recalling her grandmother's look of pure joy when she used to greet her after school each day, Angela could give herself a powerful boost of confidence whenever she needed it 1 cr ET i 6 Until T became a grandparent myself, however, I never appreciated how important Alan and Angela mast have been for the happiness and welfare of their grandparents, Nowadays, the chances of children and grandparents having such intimate, mutually satisfying relationships are fast diminishing, Recent research revealed that in Britain, one out of twenty grandparents is likely tohave had no contact whatsoever with at least one of their grandchildren during the past five years. There are many reasons for this new distancing. of generations. Sometimes, i's mere geography that keeps them apart. I recently met a woman who proudly showed me a picture of her family in Australia. Unfortunately, she told me, she hadn't ever visited them, and hadn't even seen her five-year-old granddaughter. Her son had brought over his seven-year-old son six years ago, but he hadn't had the time or ‘money to visit since. She explained that she herself had a heart condition, which would make a long flight too risky. ‘The positive aspect af tis tory was that, however sad this situation was for both parties, there appeared to be no bitterness or resentment. But ‘many grandparents fecl quite differently. They're being forced apart from their grandchildren by less acceptable factors of modern society. Perhaps pressure of time maintains the distance, Afterall, nowadays, even if close extended families live within easy visiting distance, they may still not see rnuch of each other. Parents often spend so much of their precious ‘weekends cleaning, shopping and decorating that they hardly have time to ct to know their children, Equally, the children themselves may have such a heavy weekend of programmed activity that their time is also stretched to its limits. A. visit to or from grandparents feels like a luxury that no one can afford. Another increasingly common reason for estrangement isthe break-up fof family through divorce or separation, Many grandparents who consequently lose contact with their grandchildren go through painful bereavement process, which ean even lead to emotional and physical illness This is because they never give up hope. They will not accept the finality of separation or loss. It seems thatthe grandparenting instinct and bond is so strong that it is rarely killed by even the most bitter family squabbles and separations. 5 6 Yep > 4 ‘When grandparents live near to their families, ‘A. seeing each other s usually much B_ parents ty to keep the Grandparents at a distance. lackof time may prevent regular contact grandchildren resent repeated visits from grandparents Why does losing contact with ‘grandchildren affect grandparents so deeply? ‘A. They fee their love for their grandchildren is being destroyed B. They wish they had done more ta prevent the separation © They know that their grandchleren wil suffer from the loss. D_ They continue to hope that contact willbe re-established Vocabulary Practice Replace the highlighted words in the text with the words below. ‘valuable * varied © puzzling ‘numerous secure ® simply * hostile * dependable Text Analysis Find these phrases in the text and, in pairs, explain their meaning. My own nest had just emptied (para 1) a sense of perspective (para2) to putit mild (para 3) a powerful boost of confidence (para 5) within easy visting distance (para 8) time is ao stretched tots limits (para 8) Discussion a, The writer says that the chances ‘ofchildren and grandparents having mutually satsying relationships ae fast diminishing’. Do you agree? Why/Why not? Discuss in groups. b, Imagine you are a grandparent. Describe an ideal weekend to your partner. Think about: * place © people * feelings 55 juage Focus > First Impressions 41 Which of the four men in the pictures has the following characteristics? ‘1a dreamy look in his eyes; 2-@ bearing smile 3 an unkempt head of hair; a serious mode of dress; 5a taste for bright colours, 6 a look of selassurance; 7 a power ysique b. In pairs, try to guess from their appearance to whom the descriptions (a-h) apply. an incurable romantic a doting father ... [7] a confirmed bachelor an absent-minded genius a keen sportsman... [] a happy-go-lucky extrovert 2a dedicated professional a reckless spendthrift = Oo (Sy El ‘As I think the incurable romantic is Frank. | get that impression because he something of ‘dreamy lookin his eyes 8 Really? think ts Td, I suppose i that great big beaming smile that makes me think that (@) Now listen to people who know the four men talking about their personalities. Write the first letter of the men’s names in the correct boxes in Ex. 1b. How successful ‘were your guesses? 4. Do you think first impressions are important? Why (not)? Discuss in groups. 56 D families ‘a. Look at the pictures. Which depicts a nucleat family? Which b. With a partner, discuss situations in which members of a family depicts an extended family? + need to have strong bonds * become involved in conflicts and quarrels + have to resolve a misunderstanding have a chance to show affection to each other ‘Which of the following are blood relatives (B) and which are relatives by marriage (M)? 11 brother-in-law 4 stepmother 2 great uncle 5 half brother 3 niece 6 great grandparents SD A partner for life? 3 Suddenly, i's as if saying goodbye to a spouse is no longer the dismal climax to ‘protracted misery that it once was. Divore inthe 21st century appears a simple lifestyle choice, the result of two people drifting apart: now the ex-partners can ‘move on and rebuild thei lives. Today, those people who once tied the knot because living together was frowned upon are cohabiting. However, the there is a phenomenally high rate of marital ‘breakdown — 4 out of 1. So, who divorces and why? Wht might that tell ws bout marriages that last? Academics discovered that the deprived are more divoree-prone, as are those who have cohabited more than once before ‘marrige, those who have embatked on relationships at a young age, those who have experienced parental divoree and those who have “low emotional well- being’ In short, an awful lot of us are vulnerable: It's this *happy ever after’ divorce rate is still hie a professional security professional prospects financial security educational background social background maturity moral values b Which of the following do you think are the five most important qualities in a future husband / wife? Rank them, then discuss in pairs h sense of humour 1 intellect J empathy k devotion 1 romantic nature im taste in books/fims etc 1 attractive appearance Read the following extract on divorce and explain the highlighted words. that we can't quite seem to get right. . Imagine that you are dealing with marital problems. You are talking to a marriage counsellor about them. In pairs, act out Giving Advice dialogues, using the prompts, © IF were you * financial hardship * emotional instability » problems with relatives + fl were in your shoes, fd * addictions « lack of quality time « poor communication * itd bef’ 2 good idea to ‘Hadn't you better fam sodesperate.John and | are having communication problems. + You'd beter & [think you ought to discuss all the aspects of the problem with your husband. I think you ought to ‘A That's easier said than done. He doesn't listen toaword say! 's) Hemmight bean ide 0 + Have you (ever) thought aboutlconsidered You're not listening to.aword I'm saying, are you? ‘Ie might be advisable (not) to Reacting to advice given That's easier said than done, That sounds like a good idea, but © That's all very wel, but I'm not sure that would work * You could be right. ‘= had never thought ofthat. ‘© That's true. Maybe should ‘= Well, you have a point but * | appreciate your advice This is definitely the besthvorst advice D sBuild Up Your Vocabulary 4 a. The adjectives below can be used with the prefix ‘self to talk about personality traits. Read the sentences 1-5 and, in pairs, decide what kind of person might say them. Pate coed a — Seip | righteous centred reliant confident | contessed indulgent SD commonly Confused Words 1 ined evened | aeseractve 1. [follow a specific routine every day | never stray from it. Fist its exercising, then tidying up the house and then off t0 work 5 Underline the correct word. 2 | buy flowers for myself every day. | just love sneece 1 Things wil get better in the long time / term / 3. No, want to go tothe cinema! I don't care what interval / period. ears ake 2 The seminar lasts / endure /has / continues five 4 You go iin first. | know | look awful in this dress. hours. Everybody's going to laugh at me. 3. Yoga helps relax / loosen / ease / calm stress 5 No, nol can doit! Really 1m used to doing tings 4 You are suggested / informed / proposed / advised for myst to folow the guidelines. b. Now, make up five sentences of your own using any of the remaining adjectives from Ex. 4a. 5. His methods have confident / positive / progressive / gainful effects on the patient. 6 There was @ dramatic change / turn / switch / ‘wing of policy which nobody had predicted 57 Language Focus b. Use the idioms, in their correct form, to — Collocations complete the sentences below. 6 Match the pairs of adjectives to the nouns. 1 You certainly today. Whatever has got ram >— you 90 excited? [8-2 @ 2. Soyou crashed your csr | youwon't have to buy petrol for a while! Ye ercrelis 3. Nobo canbe eet athe Se. Frenbaty 3 spiritualicommon, © impression aCWehes Shay Liki paetak 4 pesonahidden tay as! ‘ eee Rod Be ak cry oa enced gc ced pe ete ou nb ff ese 7 fol 9. Sripthy : ee 9 9m 6 Thewedig vas atherlong bt we ke | ithe ncn -— Feet et ok aio wdc b. Now use one word from each set to complete with you ‘the sentences below. In pairs, use the ‘8 My mother foves to tell the story about how she remaining collocations to make up sentences of was the one that my father 1 your own. 9° My brother ‘ever since his girtfriend aurelto nahn Jo) babys arc ora oh di C. Take a few minutes and sketch a picture for one Of the idioms from Ex.7a. Show it to the class be and see if they can guess which idiom you have drawn. PATS fg (O Ba titra fay tat styler ve es pet RC 2 Myuemade ain impresonorme eg) Fixed Phrases (phrases with of) Tabs eerie FS ey ws 3 Jove from one’s grandmother canbe «a. Connect nouns from the left column with nouns an incredible blessing toa confused teenager from the right column to create fixed idiomatic 4 Unfortunately, inthis day and age, the majority of phrases, mucmeneinncsy reais id reas D Idioms ius hope cea meh 7 @ Tick (V) the boxes in the table to categorise the 4 touch gold idioms under the correct heading of happiness 5. change pe tongue or sadness. Check with your partner, 6 trace satisfaction Se at 3 b. Now, match the following with one of the phrases from Ex. 8a and, in pairs, use them in sentences slight feeling of regret very generous and kind ota total le ‘make up one's mind to do sth different than one | had planned | glimmer heart ‘very small chance that sth might turnout alright say something you didn't mean to slightly worried look of pleasure at something well done S Phrasal Verbs Appendix 1 Q Match the phrasal verbs in the sentences with their ‘meanings from the box below. ‘A beobvious —D replace G revive B support E represent —H introduce IC take with you F cause 1. if you're coming to the house later, could you bring cover your CD player? 2 Do you have any idea what brought about the newspaper’ bankruptcy? 3. Sheila can't play her part in the school prodk you'll have to stand in for her. 4° Do you know what the initials Ms stand for? The government i planning on bringing in new legslature concerning family welfare payments. 6 A faithful wife will stand by her husband through both the good and bad times 7 In her bright red wedding dress, Dora certainly stood ut at the ceremony, 8 Weonly managed to bring him round by pouring water cover his head D character Adjectives 10 Fillin the gaps with the most suitable word from the given sets 1. The man thinks theres nobody better than him, He 0 ' b She has lived and worked in Landon for years, but she's very ‘of her Scottish descent © | cart stand it when he acts so just because he's got a university degree * proud + arrogant * superior 2 a his ‘and optimistic attitude to his work has impressed his boss bb Frankly think expecting to get £800 a week in your first job is quite temas ain) question, but Tom seemed to be furious with me for asking naive innocent * youthful 3a I you so much as look at Tina she bursts into tears, She realy must stop being so b He hasn't got much driving experience, so I'm a bit to trust him with my ca. ¢ I know the risk isn't very great, but tm stil rather about the whole thing + apprehensive resitant timid D communication: Apologising 11 a Look at the pictures below. What do you think might be happening? What do you think the people in the pictures are saying? In pairs, make up dialogues, as in the example. Use the language in the box to help you. Apologising ‘Accepting an apology + Fm awfully sorry about > Itdoesn't matter. t's + Idoapologise OK. // understand, + can’t apologise enouat +) Oh well, don't worn: / ever mind + Don't (even) mention it + Let's Gust) forget about t + snot abig deal. + Apology accepted Offering an excuse if thad known... then wouldnt) have I's not entirely my fault, as I didn't realise that Offering to make amends + How can imake itup to you? | Relecting an apology ‘What can ido to make things | * | @Pprecate your beet apology, but + [promise to be more eS thoughtful. in the future sot ste l ‘Az Tm awfully sorry didn’t mean to offend you. Oh, never mind. got your point. b. Using the phrases from Ex. 11a, act out the following dialogues with a partner. 1. You have not submitted your homework on the day your teacher had asked you to. Apologise to hiner and ask for an extension, 2 You were not able to attend your best friend's birthday party, Apologise to hinvher 59 ut A 60 istening & Speaking Listening - Pan'3 a. You will hear Peter and Carol talking about the news. Before you listen, in pairs discuss the following. 1. Doyou prefer to learn about the news from TV, radio ‘or newspapers? Why? 2. Which of these forms of media do you think has the greatest influence on us? (B} Now listen to the recording. For questions 1-6, choose the best answer (A,B,C or D) according to What you hear. You will hear the conversation twice 1. What doesn’t Peter like about the TV news? ‘A. It exploits personal misfortune B_ The pictures are nat varied enough. C_ttmakes us too emotional, D> The items covered are limited, 2. According to Peter, pictures A canbe used to distort realty, Bate more reliable than words make news stories more interesting, D_ tend to give us conficting views 3 How does Carol think people are affected by shocking news pictures? ‘A. They question what's right and wrong They feel quity about ther own ines © They reevaluate thei ew of the weld 1D They ty todo something to help. 4. Peter thinks that on the TV news, important events ‘A donot aivays get good visual coverage B._are given too much broadcasting time. are blown up out ofall propartian. are presented as minor incidents 5 Peter says that quality newspapers differ from TV in that ‘A they present a wider range of opinions. B they allow us to form our own views © they are more selective in what they cover D_ they treat the newsin greater depth, {6 Carol believes that compared with film, newspapers are more obviously biased B_ havea much greater influence. © canbe equally persuasive. D_ donttaffect people so much, > Whose opinion do you agree with most: Carol's ‘or Peter's? Discuss in groups. Listening - Part 2 a. You will hear part of a radio talk about laughter. Before you listen, look at the gaps 1 to 8 and try to predict the missing words. 2 (B) Now listen to the talk and complete the notes ‘You will only hear the talk once. Reasons: + reaction to humour (less than [T of cases) « partof [2 Differences between men and women: ‘Women + smile more + use laughter to establish Men + laugh more loudly + use laughter to show ff Health benefits: reduces + blood pressure “6 pain increases ability to fight [6 Children: ‘+ may suffer from lack of laughter due to being 7 in spare time + laughter helps children to ~ form emotional ties — learn [& = grow more mature . In pairs, discuss what makes you laugh. Speaking ~ Part 2: Compare, Contrast & Speculate People Together People Alone QD 4, Now look at the two photographs 32. Look at the photographs below. Compare and contrast below. Compate and contrast the ‘wo or three of them, saying what the people in the photographs, saying how important photographs might be feeling and why the members of the group are to each Useful language: ‘Specuiating about People's Feelings + uding by hier expression, she must be fing can tell fom hister Face that Sheooks veryiquite * Hehe appears to be + looks a fede is b. Which of the two groups have a greater influence on the lives of their members? 5 (g;) Listen to two candidates doing the speaking tasks above and compare their performance to that of your classmates. ‘Assess your classmates in terms of: © grammar and vocabula * discourse mana * pronunciation * interactive communication Everyday English Encouraging the speaker to continue 6 pairs, guess and say what the other speaker says a Then what? dso? b Goon, Sand a, © Ohnol And then A: He grabbed his coat and slammed the door b. Which person can you identify with most? B: Then what? 61 41 Youare going to read an extract from an article about confidence building. Look at the introduction to the article and in groups discuss the following, © Who is this article aimed at? * How important do you think confidence is in our ves? ‘+ Why do you think some people suffer from a lack of confidence? 2 @ Lookat the titles of the four sections of the article. What kind of confidenice-building exercises do you imagine will be described? Discuss in pairs, then scart the text and! see if your guesses were correct. Reading -Parts 4 b. Now read the article. For questions 1 - 20 choose from the answers A - D. ‘A 30-Second Commecal © Lett Flow B_Tell People’s Stories D_Be Your Own Hero Which exercise ‘aids comprehension between individuals? + requires repetition to be beneficial? Zink 3 * canbe done on your own? Blond. * involves acting aut a situation in two diferent ways? 6 ‘+ helpsyou to understand how others see you? 7 * volves recaling postive emotions? 8 * requires you to wnite something? 9 ‘involves imagining a future stuatir 10 * is particularly useful training fr socal situations? Ata fd ‘helps you to help someone else? a * involves imitating someone else's behaviour? 14 * involves nat saying certain things? Woon 16 ‘+ 5 helpful for people who feel they are not noticed? v © canbe entertaining? 8 requires you to connect a feeling with a physical source? 19 © involves recaling a past failure? 20 ©) Vocabulary Practice 3 Explain the highlighted phrases in the text. A 30-Second Commercial First impressions last. Whether we like it or not this) phrase is largely true. What this exercise docs is allow you to be in contol of those first assumptions an judgements that other people make, It can, if done wel, give you the Power to be in contol It generally takes a stranger 30-seconds to come to long lasting conclusions about another person. By creating a 3) second commercial about. yourself you will not only become more selfaware, you will also see the kind of impact you make on others and how you can change iti you need to, You will need 5 minutes, a pen and a blank piece of Paper. Within those 5 minutes try to think of, and lis, al your best atributes and qualities. Aim to get actoss those traits that you fel really define you and set you apart from other people. Your nest task is to pot allthis information into a presentation, ot advert, of exactly 30 seconds. You can do this in front of the mirror or with a close frend. i ‘you found yourself wandering randomly through the notes that you had put down then you should maybe look at setting clearer impression of yoursel. This may not come naturally but it can be worked a. Itis worth practising the 30-Second commercial until selfdoubt has ‘S€8t Avoid phrases like ‘OK’, ‘sly good’ and ‘think others see me as..." Try to look up rather than down and sve that all important smile. Ideally you want to be able to focus on your merits rather than any weaknesses, ‘This will ome’ in handy when, at a party let's say, someone asks you what you do for a living. If you have 1 selfassured, upbeat answer then whoever you are talking to ‘wll gta good impression of you B_ Tell People’s Stories ‘Do you sometimes feel that the world carries on around you while barely acknowledging your existence? One of the common causes of depression and a lack of confidence is based on the feeling that our lives are of bitle consequence to those around us. This exercise is excellent if you want to raise someone's self-esteem without them realising that’s ‘what you are doing. This is not to say that after you have 3 > Text Analysis 4, Explain the bold parts in your own words 1. Aim to get across those traits that .. really define you and set you apart from other people. (A, 14-16) 1s 8 Confidence Lab Are you lacking in confidence? Do you feel powerless, stressed and anxious when faced with a challenge? Everybody could do with a bit more confidence, in one or more areas of their lives. ‘ry these confidence-building exercises and you'll see the difference in weeks. done it once you cannot repeat it. will till work even when they know what you are doing Tn pairs, one person asks the other person their story This can be specifi. For example ‘What did you do vody? “Tell me about your father’, ‘How was schoo” or exen “How do you feel, The persom listening has to do just that stn, ‘Do not try and find a point in the conversation that i going tw be an opening for you to start telling your own story. For exumple when the ‘storyteller’ says something like ‘have fad an awful day’ do not ampli with ‘You've had a bad day lt me tell you about my day.'Alier the ‘stonteller’ has finished, the listener should then ‘tepor’ thei story back to them. Ic i amazing how this exercise ean give people an enomious feeling of worth and belonging. It is particularly ‘00d for relationships; getting couples to understand and communicate with each other. It can be a very powerful expeience, especialy if the ‘stonyteller’has spent most of their life nox being heard. C Let it Flow Frery one of us has at some point in our lives, fl lke we ruled the world, and itis possible to gpinfo that feeling ‘whenever you want Allyou have to dois remember a momenc when you were supremely confident. Ir doesn't matter where you were or what you were doing Once you have got the sensation of confidence then close your eyes and start 1 let that feeling increase Now picture where you would like to cary this confidence with you. Thismay be w a party, a public speaking sition, playing sport ajob interview or just everyday living Picture yourself in this situation, then start fo increase that feeling of confidence even more Physically feel where the sensction of confidence is coming from. sit from your stomach, your head, your hands? ‘Now sat to throw this sensation around your bel, running ffom your head to your feet and back up again, Increase the fecing even more. You may want to start counting fom 1 to. 10, rising the feeling of confidence in your body with each umber. Now you are overflowing with confidence, and about 10 explode. What do you do? This isthe clever par. What you % 10 ‘need t0 do is think of an ‘anchor’. The anchor isa physica gesture — anything from punching the air to giving your thigh pinch. You should perform this anchor when you area the point of ‘maximum confience’. You should follow this process a few times to getthe hangyof ie as well as make it more effective. What twill enable you to do isto tigger tha feeling of confidence wivenever you want, Soi you ae going into an interview and need a boost of confidence it could | simply be a case of pinching your thigh and bingo - in you go ready o conquer the world, D Be your Own Hero Apart from being a lot of fun this isa chance for people to rehearse undeveloped ability and full their potential. You wil need acleast2 people to perform this exertise Try to think of someone wino has characteristics that you admice or wish you had. Your hero may be real, fictional, dlcad or alive. Think why you admire them. What are the specific qualities that you Tok 0? Imagine how your hero might behave on a very simple level, for example how might they walk round a room. Try and emulate them. Once you have established how your hero ‘moves think of a phrase that your hero might say. Take on the persona of your ero and have a chat with someboay, What ‘would your hero say and how would the behive? Nes think ‘of a scenario from the past that did not go as well as you would have liked, for example a problem you experienced at work or at home, a strugele with leaming or motivation Working wth friend, play out the scenario as you remember it happening, including the negative outcome. What would you have liked to do differently? Re-enact the situation but this time as your hero, Focus on the superior human qualities tha your character has, and let them dictate your reactions. ‘Was the outeome positive this ime? 0, enjoy the feting of release as well 25 success. Then ask yourself whether you were just acting as your hero oF if you were uncovering hidden attributes in your own personality. You will see that making a change isnot so dificult, and that by ating as our heroes we can become more lke them: ee 1Do you somtimes feel that the world catres on around: you while barely acknowledging your existence? (8, | 1-2) Everyone of us has, felt ike we ruled the world (C, | -2 an a 5 Discussion In groups, discuss how successful you think tthe confidence-building exercises described in the article would be. 63

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