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Introduction of Geomatic

Geomatics is the science and technology of determining the relative positions of points on or near the Earth's surface. It involves acquiring spatial data through terrestrial, marine, airborne, and satellite sensors and transforming this data into common information systems. Geomatics is used for tasks like topographic mapping, engineering projects, and establishing property boundaries. Common surveying tools include total stations, levels, theodolites, and steel tapes.

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853 views

Introduction of Geomatic

Geomatics is the science and technology of determining the relative positions of points on or near the Earth's surface. It involves acquiring spatial data through terrestrial, marine, airborne, and satellite sensors and transforming this data into common information systems. Geomatics is used for tasks like topographic mapping, engineering projects, and establishing property boundaries. Common surveying tools include total stations, levels, theodolites, and steel tapes.

Uploaded by

abdirahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6/5/2014

• Geomatics is an acronym formed by “Geo” that


means the Earth, while the term “matics” refers to
the information.
INTRODUCTION TO GEOMATIC
ENGINEERING • Science, art, and technology of determining the
relative positions of points above, on, or beneath
the earth’s surface, or establishing such points.
(Ghilani and Wolf,2008)

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• Modern discipline, which integrates acquisition, • The science and art of making all essential
modelling, analysis, and management of spatially measurement in space to determine the relative
referenced data, i.e. data identified according to positions and points and/or physical and cultural
their locations. details above, on, or beneath the earth’s surface
and to depict them in usable form, or to establish
the position of points and/ or details.(ASCE &
• It uses terrestrial, marine, airborne, and satellite- ACSM)
based sensors to acquire spatial and other data. It
normally transforms the spatially referenced data
from different sources into common information
systems.

• Geomatics is a new term that formerly known as


surveying.
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Plane surveying
• To prepare a topographical map.
• The curvature of earth is not taken into consideration. Thus it
• To prepare an engineering map is treats as a flat plane.
• To prepare a military map • The instrument is always leveled according to the center of
the earth (gravity level/plumb bob).
• To prepare a contour map
• Only appropriate for smaller areas.
• To prepare a geological map (less than 250 km2)
• To prepare an archeological map.
• To prepare a cadastral map Geodetic surveying
• The curvature of the earth is taken into consideration.
• Used for the area exceeding the 250 km2
• Used mostly for national mapping programs/national
boundaries.
• Very precise surveys of great magnitude.
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6/5/2014

Preliminary survey
• Data gathering • The basic principle of surveying is to be able to
• Geospatial data – distances, position and angles work out the position of a point from some other
• Locate physical position- water boundaries, trees, roads, structure,
property marker
point or points, positioning from the known features
• Determination of difference in elevation (vertical distance) to the unknown ones.

Layout survey
• Marking on the ground – wood stakes, iron bars, concrete
monuments, nails, spikes, etc…
• Property lines, engineering works (roads, pipelines, bridges) and
construction surveying

Control survey
• Use as reference both preliminary and layout survey.
• Horizontal and Vertical control (benchmarks)
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Property surveys
Topographic surveys • Preliminary, layout and control survey
• Preliminary survey-natural & manmade involve in determine boundary
surface features of an area. location/laying out new property boundary

Hydrographic surveys Construction surveys


• Preliminary survey-underwater Layout survey for engineering works
features to surface control points
(shorelines, marine features, water Final (as-built) surveys
depth)
• Similar to preliminary survey
• Provide final record of constructed features
Route surveys has proceed according to design plan
• Preliminary, layout and control survey
for narrow-long strip of land (highway,
Aerial surveys
railroads, electric transmission lines,
channel) • Preliminary and final survey using aerial
photography and imagery. Use of digital
camera, lidar, radar
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Commonly used in field surveying are:


• Total Station
• Level & Rod
• Theodolite
• Steel Tape

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6/5/2014

Global Positioning System (GPS)


• Navigation and identify the coordinate of certain
location.

Remote Sensing Technique


• Using satellite image

Geographical Information System (GIS)


• Computer technology used GIS for data analysis,
storage and updating the database.

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Geographic reference
• Earth reference system – denoted by geographic lines of latitude and longitude
• Latitude - run east/west (parallel to equator)
• Longitude – run north/south converging at the pole
• Use in navigation and geodesy

Grid reference
• Grid system for a states/province
• Ease of calculation (plane geometry) and availability datum for large area
(thousand miles)

Legal reference
• Township subdivide by section and ranges (lot) that unique numbered

Vertical reference
• Can be reference to any datum. Datum most used are Mean Sea Level (MSL).
• MSL is assigned an elevation of 0 ft or 0 meter.

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